CN102247524B - 一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备和抗衰老制药用途 - Google Patents
一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备和抗衰老制药用途 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明提供一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,通过将中药麦冬粉碎,甲醇浸提,抽滤浓缩,先经ODS柱分离,再通过硅胶色谱开口柱分离,获得。本发明通过抗衰老的酵母模型(K6001酵母细胞),证实了所述的麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物通过调节Skn7活性抑制UTH1基因表达,从而延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命,可在制备治疗阿尔茨海默症等神经退行性疾病药物中的应用。本发明制备方法简便,提取的产物纯度高,且麦冬来源广泛,取材便利,开拓了麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的药物用途,为预防或/且治疗衰老性疾病提供新的治疗药物。
Description
技术领域
本发明属医药技术领域,具体涉及一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,以及其在制备延缓衰老及治疗衰老性疾病药物中的用途。
背景技术
随着全球社会人口的发展,老年人口的增长是世界性的趋势,1950 年全世界60岁以上老人为2亿, 65岁以上1. 3 亿,分别占人口的比例为7. 8 %和5. 1 % , 1990年60岁以上老人已达到5亿, 65岁以上为3. 5 亿, 占人口总数的10. 2 %和7. 1 %, 预计到2025年, 60岁以上者将达12亿, 65岁以上者达8亿, 老年人在人口中的比例将上升至14. 6 %和9. 7%。过去50 年世界人口的年增长率不足3 % ,而老年人口的增长率却接近7 %。在中国,目前60岁以上的老年人已达到1. 6亿, 且每年以近800万的速度增加,预测到2050年,老年人口总量将超过4亿,老龄化水平推进到30%以上,中国面临着老龄化社会的挑战。对老年人的生活照料,医疗保健等需求日益凸显,日趋严峻。因此,防止早衰,延年益寿,预防或治疗衰老性疾病已经成为医学界所关注的热点问题。它不仅是一个医学难题, 而将成为一个突出的社会问题。
此外,我国天然资源丰富,地大物博,有很多宝贵的道地药材,许多味中药材都是作为延缓衰老、延年益寿的传统用药。据统计,1981年1月至2006年9月新增加药物中来源于天然产物及天然产物衍生物的占28%。因此,来源于中药的新的成分和新的活性的研究已经得到充分的重视。
麦冬( Ophiopogon japonicus (Thunb.) Ker-Gawl)为百合科植物麦冬的干燥块根,产于四川,为常用中药.主要用于治疗冠心病、心绞痛等症。主要含有甾体皂苷、高异黄酮等多种成分。其中麦冬甾体皂苷作为主要的有效成分之一,具有广泛的生物学活性,一直受到国内外相关领域研究者瞩目。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备方法,主要通过以下步骤实现:
(1)粉碎和浸提:
中药麦冬经粉碎后,用工业级甲醇室温下浸提4~5天,抽滤浓缩,得甲醇浸提物粗样;
(2)分离和纯化:
将甲醇浸提粗样先经十八烷基键合硅胶色谱柱(ODS)开口柱分离,溶剂系统为甲醇:水,含目的提取物的样品进一步通过硅胶色谱开口柱的分离,溶剂系统为氯仿:甲醇,最终得到总甾体皂苷提取物。
本发明制备的总甾体皂苷提取物,其提取物中的总甾体皂苷的含量>50%,同时鉴定了其中包含的四种甾体皂苷类化合物,总含量>50%,分别是化合物(1):Ophiopogonin D;化合物(2):(25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]- 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleryl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside;化合物(3):Sprengerinin C;化合物(4):14-hydroxy Sprengerinin C。其结构式如下:
化合物(1)
化合物(2)
化合物(3)
化合物(4)
本发明的再一个目的是提供所述的麦冬总甾体皂苷在制备抗衰老药物中的应用。本发明研究发现麦冬总甾体皂苷在抗衰老化合物的体外筛选模型中,可以显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。同时对其作用机理研究发现麦冬总甾体皂苷是通过调节转录子Skn7抑制UTH1的表达, 来实现酵母细胞复制性寿命的延长。
UTH1是酵母衰老基因,研究发现将UTH1基因删除后不仅可以增强对过氧化物的耐受性,并且显著延长其寿命。UTH1启动子有许多启动位点,因而许多转录因子可以与之结合,调节UTH1基因的表达.研究表明Mot3, Yap1以及Skn7与氧化应激有关,而Ophiopogonin D可通过Skn7调节UTH1的表达。
本发明的还有一个目的在于提供一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的药物组合物,化合物1-4作为其活性成份。该药物组合物的用途是延缓衰老,预防或治疗衰老性疾病。
这里所述的药学上可接受的载体是指药学领域常规的药物载体,例如稀释剂、赋形剂如是等,填充剂如淀粉、蔗糖、微晶纤维素等;粘合剂如淀粉浆、羟丙纤维素、明胶、聚乙二醇等;湿润剂如硬脂酸镁、微粉硅胶、聚乙二醇类等;吸收促进剂聚山梨脂、卵磷脂等,表面活性剂伯洛沙姆、脂肪酸山梨坦、聚山梨脂等等,另外还可以在组合物中加入其它辅剂如香味剂、甜味剂等。
给药的剂型可以是丸剂,片剂,粉剂,囊剂,酏剂,混悬剂,乳剂,溶液剂,糖浆剂,气雾剂,软胶囊,硬胶囊,无菌注射液,搽剂或栓剂。可制成常规,速释,缓释或延迟释放。
本发明的药物可通过各种途径给予,包括口服,静注,鼻腔,皮下等。
本发明的麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物是从中药麦冬中分离纯化得到的,操作简便、纯度高的。此外,麦冬具有来源广泛,取材便利等优点,容易获得大量的总甾体皂苷提取物,其中化合物(2)是天然产物中发现的一类具有新化学结构的化合物。麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物在酵母衰老模型K6001啤酒酵母细胞中表现出显著的延长酵母细胞复制性寿命活性。以此为先导物,优化结构,为延缓衰老及治疗衰老性疾病方面的新药研发进行基础性研究,将具有重要的现实意义。
附图说明
图 1是麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
图 2是化合物(1)延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
图 3是 UTH1删除后,麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物不影响酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
图 4是UTH1删除后,化合物(1)不影响酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
图 5是 Skn7删除后,麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物不影响酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
图 6是 Skn7删除后,化合物(1)不影响酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
图 7是化合物(1)通过调节UTH1基因表达从而延长酵母活性。
具体实施方式
以下通过对该类若干具体化合物制备实例的实施方式和附图再对本发明的上述内容作进一步的详细说明,但不应将此理解为本发明上述主题的范围仅限于下述的实例,凡基于本发明上述内容所实现的技术均属于本发明的范围。
实施例1 麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备
(1)粉碎和浸提:
9.5 kg中药麦冬粉碎后,用50 L甲醇(工业级)室温下震荡浸提3天。抽滤、浓缩后,得到甲醇浸提物粗样1.2 kg;
(2)分离和纯化:
将水层粗样先经十八烷基键合硅胶色谱柱(ODS)开口柱分离(溶剂系统按体积比为甲醇:水 = 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 80:20, 90:10, 甲醇:氯仿 = 1:1);然后,将含有活性成分的样品(3.8 g)用硅胶开口柱再次分离(200-300目,溶剂系统按体积比为甲醇:氯仿 = 10:90, 15:85, 20:80, 25: 75, 30:70);最后,得到白色的麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物(1.1 g)。
本发明测定了制得的麦冬总甾体皂苷的含量>80%, 用HPLC分析后,得到化合物1-4,其中化合物(1)为Ophiopogonin D;化合物(2)为(25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleryl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside;化合物(3)为Sprengerinin C;化合物(4)为 14-hydroxy Sprengerinin C。
实施例2
对实施例1所得化合物1-4的理化特征及化学结构的定性鉴定:
化合物(1)结构经MS、1H NMR、 13C NMR测试,并与文献数据对比后确定。
化合物(2)的结构经HR MS、 1H NMR、 13C NMR、DEPT、COSY、HMBC、HSQC和HOHAHA测定后确定。
化合物(3)结构经MS、1H NMR、 13C NMR测试,并与文献数据对比后确定。
化合物(4)结构经MS、1H NMR、 13C NMR测试,并与文献数据对比后确定。
化合物(1)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -105.7 (c 0.45, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5) : 139.5 (C-5), 124.7 (C-6), 109.2 (C-22), 106.6 (C-1′′′), 101.7 (C-1′′), 100.4 (C-1′), 85.4 (C-3′), 83.4 (C-1), 81.0 (C-16), 78.3 (C-3′′′), 74.6 (C-4′′), 74.2 (C-2′), 73.8 (C-2′′′), 72.6 (C-3′′), ,72.5 (C- 4′, 2′′), 70.9 (C-5′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.3 (C-5′′), 68.2 (C-3), 67.0 (C-5′′′), 66.7 (C-26), 62.9 (C-17), 57.1 (C-14), 50.5 (C-9), 43.8 (C-4), 42.7 (C-10), 41.9 (C-20), 40.4 (C-13), 40.1 (C-12), 38.0 (C-2), 33.0 (C-8), 32.3 (C-7), 32.0 (C-15), 31.7 (C-23), 30.5 (C-25), 29.2 (C-24), 24.0 (C-11), 19.1 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 17.0 (Me-6′), 16.8 (Me-18), 14.9 (Me-21), 14.8 (Me-19); ESI-MS m/z:855 [M + H]+.
化合物(2)的理化性质:白色固体,分子式为C49H78O18;HR FT-ICR MS: m/z 977.5095 [M+Na]+,理论值C49H78O18 Na: 977.5080。红外光谱(KBr)值:3425, 1727, 1592, 和1055 cm-1;氢谱和碳谱数据见表 1。
对化合物(2)的阿拉伯糖4位上侧链的立体构型的确定(化合物(2)的水解反应)。
将化合物(2)(3 mg)、无水K2CO3 (4 mg)、1 mL 甲醇置于5 mL圆底烧瓶中,室温搅拌24小时。反应停止后,浓缩,粗产品用2 mL水溶解,经ODS纯化,得化合物(2a)(0.2 mg,收率:48%)和(2b)(1.8 mg,收率:68%)。化合物(2)的水解产物(2a)的立体构型的确认进一步确定化合物(1)的立体构型。反应式如下:
化合物(2a)的理化性质:无色油状,[α] +18.4 (c 0.03, CHCl3 ); 1H NMR (CDCl3) : 4.19 (1H, d, J = 3.5 Hz, H-2), 1.91 (1H, m, H-3), 1.43 and 1.30 (2H, m, H-4), 1.03 (3H, d, J = 7.0 Hz, Me-6), 0.93 (3H, t, J = 7.3 Hz, Me-5); ESI-MS m/z: 155 [M + Na]+。
化合物(2b)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -105.7 (c 0.45, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5) : 139.5 (C-5), 124.7 (C-6), 109.2 (C-22), 106.6 (C-1′′′), 101.7 (C-1′′), 100.4 (C-1′), 85.4 (C-3′), 83.4 (C-1), 81.0 (C-16), 78.3 (C-3′′′), 74.6 (C-4′′), 74.2 (C-2′), 73.8 (C-2′′′), 72.6 (C-3′′), ,72.5 (C- 4′, 2′′), 70.9 (C-5′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.3 (C-5′′), 68.2 (C-3), 67.0 (C-5′′′), 66.7 (C-26), 62.9 (C-17), 57.1 (C-14), 50.5 (C-9), 43.8 (C-4), 42.7 (C-10), 41.9 (C-20), 40.4 (C-13), 40.1 (C-12), 38.0 (C-2), 33.0 (C-8), 32.3 (C-7), 32.0 (C-15), 31.7 (C-23), 30.5 (C-25), 29.2 (C-24), 24.0 (C-11), 19.1 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 17.0 (Me-6′), 16.8 (Me-18), 14.9 (Me-21), 14.8 (Me-19); ESI-MS m/z:855 [M + H]+。
a 500 MHz, 括号内为耦合常数 (J in Hz);
b125 MHz.;
化合物(3)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -87.0 (c 0.5, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5) : 140.7 (C-5), 121.7 (C-6), 109.1 (C-22), 105.6 (C-1′′′), 101.9 (C-1′′), 99.8 (C-1′), 81.3 (C-4′), 80.9 (C-16), 78.3 (C-3′′′), 78.0 (C-3), 77.4 (C-2′), 77.2 (C-3′), 76.1 (C-5′), 74.8 (C-2′′′), 74.0 (C-4′′), ,72.7 (C- 3′′), 72.4 (C-2′′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.4 (C-5′′), 67.2 (C-26), 66.7 (C-5′′′), 62.7 (C-17), 61.4 (C-6′), 56.5 (C-14), 50.1 (C-9), 41.8 (C-20), 40.3 (C-13), 39.7 (C-4), 38.8 (C-12), 37.3 (C-1), 37.0 (C-10), 32.2 (C-7), 32.1 (C-15), 31.7 (C-8), 31.5 (C-23), 30.5 (C-25), 30.0 (C-2), 29.1 (C-24), 20.9 (C-11), 19.3 (Me-19), 18.6 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 16.2 (Me-18), 14.9 (Me-21); ESI-MS m/z:877 [M + Na]+.
化合物(4)的理化性质:白色固体,[α] -95.0 (c 0.1, pyridine); 13C NMR (125 MHz, in pyridine-d 5) : 140.1 (C-5), 122.3 (C-6), 109.5 (C-22), 105.6 (C-1′′′), 101.9 (C-1′′), 99.8 (C-1′), 86.3 (C-14), 81.8 (C-16), 81.3 (C-4′), 78.2 (C-3), 78.0 (C-3′′′), 77.4 (C-2′), 77.2 (C-3′), 76.1 (C-5′), 74.8 (C-2′′′), 74.0 (C-4′′), ,72.7 (C- 3′′), 72.4 (C-2′′), 70.7 (C-4′′′), 69.4 (C-5′′), 67.2 (C-5′′′), 66.7 (C-26), 61.5 (C-6′), 59.8 (C-17), 45.0 (C-13), 43.5 (C-9), 41.9 (C-20), 39.8 (C-4), 38.9 (C-15), 37.6 (C-1), 37.4 (C-10), 35.5 (C-8), 31.8 (C-2), 30.5 (C-12, 25), 30.1 (C-23), 29.2 (C-24), 26.6 (C-7), 20.3 (C-11), 19.9 (Me-18), 19.2 (Me-19), 18.6 (Me-6′′), 17.2 (Me-27), 15.2 (Me-21); ESI-MS m/z: 915 [M +COOH]-.
实施例3
麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物在抗衰老化合物的体外筛选模型中,显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
酿酒酵母是单细胞的真核生物,已获其完整的基因组数据,是目前常用的衰老模型生物。它的不对称分裂常常被用来研究其复制性寿命,但需要在母细胞裂殖前,用显微操纵杆把子细胞移走。Stefanie,Jarolim等人发现的酿酒酵母的突变菌株(K6001)在葡萄糖培养基中,只有母细胞可以分裂产生子细胞,而子细胞不能产生后代,所以只要在显微镜下数出子细胞的个数就可以确定K6001酵母细胞的复制性寿命。因此,K6001酵母细胞非常适合作为筛选抗衰老化合物的模型生物。本发明发现中药麦冬来源的麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物在K6001模型中,显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命,且其活性与阳性对照10 白藜芦醇(Resveratrol,以下缩写为Res)相当。白藜芦醇是目前长寿研究领域中最有效也是最有名的小分子化合物。它不仅能延长酵母,线虫,果蝇和小鼠的寿命,而且对恒河猴的寿命有延长的作用。以白藜芦醇作为阳性对照,筛选得到的活性化合物对进一步的抗衰老研究具有很大的现实意义。
1)实验方法:
(1)将-30度保存的K6001酵母菌株用5 mL无菌水洗涤三次,除去其中的甘油。加入1 mL无菌水,吹打使其悬浮,加入到10 mL液体培养基 (1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,3%的半乳糖)中。将其放入摇床,28度振摇培养48小时,使其恢复生长能力。
(2)从摇床中取出培养好的酵母,用5 mL无菌水洗涤三次,除去其中的液体培养基,用血球计数板计数。
(3)在培养皿中加入5 mL的固体培养基 (1%的酵母粉,2%的蛋白胨,2%的葡萄糖,2%的琼脂粉),待培养基凝固后,向其中加入溶解好的样品,再加入4000个酵母,放入恒温培养箱中28度恒温培养48小时。
(4)显微镜下数出母细胞产生的子细胞个数,作图分析。其中的阳性对照为白藜芦醇。
2)实验结果:
此外,该总甾体皂苷提取物中所包含的其它化合物,在抗衰老化合物的体外筛选模型中,均可以显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
实施例4
麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物通过调节转录因子Skn7活性抑制UTH1表达,从而显著延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
1)实验方法:
(1)测试麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物和化合物(1)分别在10 /mL和3 的活性浓度下是否能够延长删除了UTH1基因的K6001酵母突变菌株(△uth1)的复制性寿命。测试方法如实施例3。
2)实验结果:
(1)突变酵母菌株(△uth1)的平均复制性寿命大于K6001的平均复制性寿命,但麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物和化合物(1)分别在10 /mL和3 的活性浓度下不能够延长酵母突变菌株(△uth1)的平均复制性寿命(参见图3和图4)。说明麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物和化合物(1)通过抑制UTH1基因的表达延长酵母细胞的复制性寿命。
(2) 麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物和化合物(1)分别在10 /mL和3 的活性浓度下不能够延长酵母突变菌株(△skn7)的平均复制性寿命(参见图5和图6)。说明麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物和化合物(1)抑制UTH1基因的表达是通过其调节转录因子Skn7而实现的。
实施例5:
化合物(1)通过调节UTH1基因表达从而延长酵母活性
1)实验方法:
用实时定量PCR分析技术测定加入化合物(1)后UTH1基因的变化:野生型酵母菌株在葡萄糖培养基中培养48小时,使其恢复生长.然后在含有25mL的葡萄糖培养基中加入0, 1, 3, 10 的化合物(1),再加入300 的含有酵母的培养基.28度震荡培养12小时.在酵母处于对数生长期时,收集酵母.然后用热苯酚提取其中的总RNA.用RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen, MD, USA)对RNA进行纯化,测定RNA浓度. 用AMV first-strand cDNA synthesis kit (Invitrogen, California, USA)对RNA进行逆转录,每次加入5g总RNA,oligo (dT)做引物。用Light Cycler1.5 (MasterCycler epqradient realplex4 eppendorf, Germany) and SYBR Premix EX TaqTM (TaKaRa, Otsu, Japan) 对合成的CDNA进行实时定量PCR分析,条件如下:40个循环,94° C 15 秒,60° C 25秒,and 72° C 10秒。UTH1引物序列如下: 正义链 5′-CGC CTC TTC TTC CTC CTC TT-3′,反义链5′-ACC ATC GGA AGG TTG TTC AG-3′.。TUB1做管家基因,正义链为sense 5′-CCA AGG GCT ATT TAC GTG GA-3′,反义链为5′-GGT GTA ATG GCC TCT TGC AT-3′。最终结果用TUB1将UTH1基因标准化。
2)实验结果:
利用实时定量PCR分析加入化合物(1)后UTH1基因变化,研究发现加入3, 10 的化合物(1)后,UTH1基因明显被抑制;表明化合物(1)延长酵母寿命通过抑制UTH1基因表达而实现(参见图7)。UTH1基因是化合物(1)延长酵母寿命过程中重要的信号通路。
<110> 浙江大学
<120> 一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物的制备和抗衰老制药用途
<160> 4
<210> 1
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213>人工序列
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<223>酵母来源的UTH1的特异性上游引物
<440>1
cgc ctc ttc ttc ctc ctc tt
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<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223>酵母来源的UTH1的特异性下游引物
<440> 2
acc atc gga agg ttg ttc ag
<210> 3
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223> 酵母来源的TUB1的特异性上游引物
<440> 3
cca agg gct att tac gtg ga
<210> 4
<211> 20
<212> DNA
<213>人工序列
<220>
<223> 酵母来源的TUB1的特异性下游引物
<440> 4
ggt gta atg gcc tct tgc at
Claims (3)
1.一种麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物作为唯一活性成分在制备抗衰老药物中的应用,其特征在于,所述麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物通过以下途径获得:
(1)粉碎和浸提:中药麦冬经粉碎后,用工业级甲醇室温下浸提4~5天,抽滤浓缩,得甲醇浸提物粗样;
(2)分离和纯化:将甲醇粗样先经十八烷基键合硅胶色谱柱开口柱分离,溶剂系统为甲醇:水,含目的提取物的样品进一步通过硅胶色谱开口柱的分离,溶剂系统为氯仿:甲醇,最终得到麦冬总甾体皂苷提取物,其中的总甾体皂苷含量>50%;所获得的提取物在制备抗衰老药物中的应用;
制备获得的提取物中包含四种甾体皂苷类化合物,总含量>50%,分别是化合物(1):Ophiopogonin D;化合物(2):(25R)-3β-hydroxyspirost-5-en-1β-yl- O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]- 4-(2-hydroxy-3-methylvaleryl)-α-L-arabinopyranoside;化合物(3):Sprengerinin C;化合物(4): 14-hydroxy Sprengerinin C。
2.根据权利要求1所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的剂型为固体制剂或液体制剂。
3.根据权利要求2所述的应用,其特征在于,所述药物的给药途径为肠道和非肠道。
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