CN102207357A - 改进的热交换器 - Google Patents

改进的热交换器 Download PDF

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CN102207357A
CN102207357A CN201110079607XA CN201110079607A CN102207357A CN 102207357 A CN102207357 A CN 102207357A CN 201110079607X A CN201110079607X A CN 201110079607XA CN 201110079607 A CN201110079607 A CN 201110079607A CN 102207357 A CN102207357 A CN 102207357A
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heat exchanger
casing
pipe
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millimeters
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CN102207357B (zh
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贾纳兹·罗德
塞巴斯琴·里维埃尔
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Valeo Autosystemy Sp zoo
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/03Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits
    • F28D1/0391Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with plate-like or laminated conduits a single plate being bent to form one or more conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0202Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions
    • F28F9/0204Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions
    • F28F9/0209Header boxes having their inner space divided by partitions for elongated header box, e.g. with transversal and longitudinal partitions having only transversal partitions
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/08Assemblies of conduits having different features
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2225/00Reinforcing means
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2270/00Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling
    • F28F2270/02Thermal insulation; Thermal decoupling by using blind conduits

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种改进的热交换器,用于机动车,包括箱体和管束,所述管在它们的端部处被接收在所述箱体的开口中,所述管在所述开口处通过管到箱体接合部被连结到所述箱体,一些所述管到箱体接合部承受热应力。与承受热应力的管到箱体接合部有关的至少一些管具有比其他管更高的机械抗力。

Description

改进的热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及热交换器,特别是用于机动车工业的热交换器。
背景技术
典型地,用于机动车的热交换器包括在两个盒体(也称为箱体或收集器)之间的管束,用于使热交换流体流通。热交换器设计的难题是基于做出正确的折衷来保证最佳的性能/包装/耐用比(performance/packaging/enduranceratio)。
特别地,在双热交换器领域的情况中,散热器的第一部分使热交换流体以第一高温流通,并且散热器的第二部分使热交换流体(或另一流体)以第二低温流通。
该类型的散热器具有多种包装优势,但其设计仍有难题,因为其在高温区域和低温区域之间的间隔区域中承受高应力。
但是,由于热交换器的设计已改进,涉及局部应力的问题已波及到具有单程或多程的常规热交换器,因为其尺寸日益减小以具有更小的包装和更低的重量。
为了解决这些问题,已尝试了很多设计:
-利用两个箱体中的两个相邻挡板,从而产生死管(dead tube),并且其中箱体的密封性难以保证,箱体的组装过程复杂,
-利用箱体轮廓修改,通过钎焊形成箱体的集管板和收集器来提供挡板,这使箱体的组装复杂,
-利用两个箱体中的区域分隔挡板,与邻接的管中的塞子一起,以便减少这些区域中的流动,除了其他缺点,这还使散热器和箱体组装非常复杂,
-利用两个箱体中的区域分隔挡板,挡板还覆盖多个管用于设置死管,并通过密封垫圈补充,这是具有复杂组装的昂贵方案,
-利用插入物,用于创建死管,这使组装非常复杂,
等等。
仅从以上长度的列表中显然的是,目前没有找到满意的方案来提供箱体/管接合部的良好局部增强同时限制压降、成本增加和组装复杂度。
发明内容
本发明改善了这种情况。
为了达到这个目的,本发明提出了一种用于机动车的热交换器,包括箱体和管束,所述管在它们的端部处被接收在所述箱体的开口中,所述管在所述开口处通过管到箱体接合部被连结到所述箱体,一些所述管到箱体接合部承受热应力,其特征在于,与承受热应力的所述管到箱体接合部有关的至少一些管具有比其他管更高的机械抗力。
根据本发明,热交换器的机械抗力因此在承受热应力的区域中通过管自身加强。并且由热应力造成的失效风险被降低,而没有附加部件或复杂设计。压降的增加也由此被限制。
优选地,具有更高机械抗力的所述管是挤压管,而所述其他管是弯折管。
本发明的其他特征和优势将通过阅读作为例子且以非限定方式给出的以下附图的描述得以显现。
附图说明
在附图中:
-图1示出了根据本发明的热交换器的示意图,
-图2示出了图1的热交换器的局部增强区域的示意横截面图,
-图3示出了图2的区域的顶视图,
-图4和5示出了根据本发明的热交换器的另两个实施例,以及
-图6示出了图4和5的热交换器的局部增强区域的示意横截面图。
具体实施方式
附图和以下描述主要包括具有限定特征的元件。因此,这些附图和描述可用于加强本发明的理解,还可在一些情况中帮助限定这些元件。
图1示出了根据本发明的热交换器2的示意图。热交换器2是用于空气冷却的单程散热器(single pass radiator),包括箱体4和5以及具有管8的管束6。
如图2所示,每个箱体4和5包括接收在收集器12中的盖10。箱体4包括热交换流体入口14,而箱5包括热交换流体出口16。
管束6由管8形成,这些管通常是长的并相互平行。每个管8被接收在箱体4和5的相应开口中。在管8之间,设置了增加热交换表面的翅片(在此为了简化未示出)。
通常由铝制造的管8通过将片弯折到其自身而被制造,从而形成两个通道,如图3可见。管束6包括位于箱体端部处的区域(标记为附图标记18)中的特定管。
在区域18中,由机械约束和温度冲击造成的应力水平使得常规的弯折管8可能损坏。为了克服这个问题,申请人已经发现图2和3中更容易地看到的特定管19解决了所有抗力问题。
管19通过挤压技术制造。这特别地有利,因为其允许设计具有不同的横截面以及多个增强肋(例如两个或更多个)的管,所述肋限定用于流体流通的通道40。
在图2示出的例中,管19包括3个肋20,每个肋具有0.35毫米的厚度。在各种实施例中,可包括数量为2至12个肋,并优选地多于7个且少于12个。在各种实施例中,肋20的厚度可选择为0.15毫米至3毫米,并更优选地为0.2毫米至1.5毫米。
管19具有1.5毫米的径向壁厚度T和0.35毫米的横向壁厚度t。在各种实施例中,径向壁厚度T可选择为0.225毫米至5毫米,并更优选地为0.75毫米至3毫米。在各种实施例中,横向壁厚度t可选择为0.15毫米至3毫米,并更优选地为0.2毫米至1.5毫米。
通常,径向壁厚度T被选择为至少大于横向壁厚度t的1.5倍。优选地,壁厚度比被选择为至少大于2,并小于10。
管19在抵抗热冲击伸长和收缩方面由其肋的数量、肋的厚度、径向壁厚度T和横向壁厚度t限定。
管参数的调整将根据考虑的应用和所寻求的特定散热而不同。但是,壁厚度比将保持在上述范围内。
挤压管的径向壁的横截面可在其外侧方面是圆形的,在其内侧方面是圆形的和/或椭圆形的。换言之,侧向地延伸的通道40可沿管的侧向侧具有圆形的和/或椭圆形的侧壁。
在其他实施例中,区域18可通过设置多于一个管19(例如2至4个管)被进一步增强。由于区域18位于箱体的端部处,管19的使用不会使热交换器的组装复杂。
图4和5示出了根据本发明的另两个实施例。在这些图中,箱体4和5与图1的箱体相似,但具有附加元件。
在图4中,箱体4进一步包括挡板22和另外的热交换流体入口和/或出口24,热交换器因此是双程热交换器(two-pass heat exchanger)。在图5中,箱体5还进一步包括挡板26和另外的热交换流体入口和/或出口28,热交换器因此形成双热交换器(double heat exchanger)。
图4和5的热交换器的管束示出了其他局部应力区域(附图标记为30)。图6从箱体内部示出了区域30的顶视图。在图6示出的例子中,示出的是图4和5的区域30,并从而示出了挡板22。
在区域30中,挡板22被设置在箱体4的两个开口之间。由于在热交换器中流通的热交换流体将具有显著的温差,区域30中的管(即接收在挡板22附近的开口中的管)承受高水平的应力,类似于区域18的管19。
为了解决这些应力问题,区域30包括接收在围绕挡板22的开口中的管32。虽然挡板的使用使组装过程复杂,但目前没有其他满意方案存在。并且,管32的使用允许更好的应力抵抗性,并保证热交换器的密封性,从而提供组装和抗力之间的最佳折衷。
管32与管19相似,即通过挤压技术构建。此外,管32和19在此处示出的例中具有相同的尺寸,并且可以上述范围内的尺寸制造,包括肋的数量。
并且,虽然图6中示出的区域30在挡板22的每侧上包括仅一个管32,但该区域可在每侧上包括多于一个管32,例如2至4个。此外,可以在挡板22的一侧上设有比另一侧上更多的管32,例如在一侧上设有1或2个管32,而在另一侧上设有3或4个管32。
虽然本发明已在上文根据特定实施例描述,但需要理解的是,这些实施例可被结合,并且本说明书披露了这些特定实施例的所有可能的结合方式。

Claims (11)

1.一种用于机动车的热交换器,包括箱体和管束,所述管在它们的端部处被接收在所述箱体的开口中,所述管在所述开口处通过管到箱体接合部被连结到所述箱体,一些所述管到箱体的接合部承受热应力,其特征在于,与承受热应力的所述管到箱的接合部有关的至少一些管具有比其他管更高的机械抗力。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器,其中,具有更高机械抗力的所述管是挤压管,并且所述其他管是弯折管。
3.根据权利要求2所述的热交换器,其中,所述挤压管具有大于或等于1.5的径向壁厚度与横向壁厚度之比。
4.根据权利要求3所述的热交换器,其中,所述径向壁厚度选择为在0.225毫米至5毫米的范围内,并更优选地为0.75毫米至3毫米。
5.根据权利要求3所述的热交换器,其中,所述径向壁厚度等于1.5毫米。
6.根据权利要求2至5中的任一项所述的热交换器,所述横向壁厚度在0.15毫米至3毫米的范围内,并更优选地为0.2毫米至1.5毫米。
7.根据权利要求2至5中的任一项所述的热交换器,其中,所述横向壁厚度等于0.35毫米。
8.根据权利要求2至7中的任一项所述的热交换器,其中,所述挤压管包括被选定数量的肋,每个肋具有选择在0.15毫米至3毫米的范围内的厚度,并更优选地为0.2毫米至1.5毫米,肋的数量被选择在2至12个,并优选地为7个到少于12个。
9.根据权利要求8所述的热交换器,其中,肋的数量是3,并且其中,每个肋的厚度是0.35毫米。
10.根据权利要求2至9中的任一项所述的热交换器,其中,所述挤压管位于所述管束的两个端部处。
11.根据权利要求2至10中的任一项所述的热交换器,进一步包括位于箱体的两个开口之间的至少一个挡板,其中,接收在所述两个开口中的管是挤压管。
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