CN102206118B - Nuisanceless organic fertilizer prepared from edible fungus slag, preparation method thereof and application thereof - Google Patents
Nuisanceless organic fertilizer prepared from edible fungus slag, preparation method thereof and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to an organic fertilizer prepared from edible fungus slag, a preparation method thereof and an application thereof. The edible fungus slag organic fertilizer comprises, by weight, 45 to 70 parts of edible fungus slag, 5 to 20 parts of weathered coal, 4 to 15 parts of urea, 10 to 15 parts of monoammonium phosphate, 7 to 20 parts of potassium chloride, 1 to 5 parts of a trace element fertilizer, 1 to 5 parts of a chemical degradant, and 5 to 10 parts of a curing agent. The preparation method comprises the following steps: shearing and crushing the edible fungus slag; adding other components and mixing; degrading and solidifying; and obtaining circular particles through extruding to pelletize, and polishing and reshaping. The edible fungus slag organic fertilizer, which contains various amino acids, humic acid, nitrogen, phosphor, potassium and trace elements which are required by the growth of crops, allows a humic acid chelate which is formed through a chelation reaction and contains the trace elements which can be easily absorbed by plants to be generated, the utilization rate of the nutrients of the fungus slag organic fertilizer to be improved and the application to be convenient and labor saving, and can be used for industrial crops such as grains, vegetables, fruits and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of edible fungi residues that utilizes and produce pollution free organic fertilizer and preparation method thereof and application, belong to solid waste recycle and technical field of fertilizers.
Background technology
China is Edible Fungi big country, and about about 2,200 ten thousand tons of at present annual production accounts for more than 70% of global ultimate production, and the gross output value breaks through 60,000,000,000 yuan.Along with the development of mushroom industry, there is every year a large amount of edible fungi residues to produce, 1 ton of edible mushrooms of every production is wanted 0.6 ton of bacterium slag of output, is roughly equal to about 1,320 ten thousand tons.Enormous amount, edible fungi residue is the culture medium waste that is left behind the results product in the edible fungus culturing process, about bacterium slag organic content 35--70%, the required mineral nutrient nitrogen of plant growth, phosphorus, potassium are about 3.5--5.5%, and in multiple, trace element, remove in addition, the bacterium slag has a large amount of mycelium and probiotics behind edible mushroom collection, and passes through various saccharides, organic acid, enzyme and biologically active substance and gal4 amino acid etc. that the mycelial growth enzymolysis produces.Nutrient composition content is abundant, is a kind of desirable feedstock of good production organic fertilizer.The organic fertilizer nutrient that utilizes the bacterium slag to produce is complete, and fertilizer efficiency is lasting and pollution-free, both can improve soil, can improve again the quality of farm crop, promotes the growth of farm crop.Current because the organic raw material source is limited, the output of organic fertilizer far can not satisfy the needs of agriculture production.So the organic fertilizer that utilizes edible fungi residues production to meet the Agro-ecology demand for development is an important step of China's mushroom industry comprehensive utilization, in the today of advocating energetically, promoting recycling economy, low-carbon (LC) industry, a large amount of undressed bacterium slags are arranged every year or bank up on the spot, or directly apply in the farmland, this is a huge waste to agriculture organic resource not only, also easily cause bacterial reproduction, pathophoresis causes peripheral living environment and has a strong impact on.But how the bacterium slag is carried out environmental protection effectively process, go back up to now the good terms of settlement of neither one.
Up to the present, except direct returning to farmland, domestic processing to edible fungi residues, mainly still adopt microorganism fermentation process to produce organic fertilizer, referring to " utilizing edible fungi residue to produce the research of organic fertilizer " Chinese soil fertilizer (2008,1), number of patent application CN200910229213.0 " a kind of disease-preventing organic fertilizer by the edible fungi residue preparation ", number of patent application CN200610045209.5 " utilizes edible fungi residue to make the production method of fertilizer "; Processing small part to edible fungi residues adopts the mode that other auxiliary materials and part chemical fertilizer are produced organic fertilizer of directly adding, referring to application number CN200310114644 " Fertilizer special for edible mushroom ".More than the weak point of several modes be that direct returning to farmland need to consume a large amount of soil nutrients, also easily cause bacterial reproduction, pathophoresis causes peripheral living environment and has a strong impact on.Microorganism fermentation process mainly is in process of production, and fermentation period long (general 20-50 days) turns over and casts standby investment greatly, and production cost is high, and nutrient content is low, and fertilizer efficiency is slower, in use also needs fiting chemical fertilizer.In addition, because the edible fungi residues raw material is thicker, moisture content high (about 40%), need to buy in the process of making granulated fertilizer and add a large amount of auxiliary materials, the fund occupation rate is high, and bacterium slag consumption is low, also slow down in addition organic conversion rate in soil, reduced fertilizer efficiency and utilization rate of fertilizer.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to and utilize edible fungi residue to produce the technologic deficiency of organic fertilizer in the prior art, a kind of pollution free organic fertilizer that utilizes edible fungi residues production and preparation method thereof is provided.
The present invention also provides the application of described edible fungi residue organic fertilizer.
The term explanation:
Edible fungi residue is the culture medium waste that is left behind the results product in the edible fungus culturing process, the nitrogen, phosphorus, the potassium nutrition that contain the required mineral substance of plant growth and 3.5~5.5%, also contain organic 35~70% and multiple in, trace element, a large amount of mycelium and probiotics, and pass through various saccharides, organic acid, enzyme and biologically active substance and the gal4 amino acid etc. that the mycelial growth enzymolysis produces.Edible fungi residue has referred to as the bacterium slag.
Technical scheme of the present invention is as follows:
A kind of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer is to be made by following weight part raw material:
50~70 parts of edible fungi residues, 5~20 parts of weathered coals, 4~15 parts in urea, 5~15 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 4~10 parts in Repone K, 1~5 part of trace element fertilizer; 2~5 parts of chemical degradation agent, 5~10 parts in solidifying agent;
Described chemical degradation agent is potassium hydroxide and cobalt dichloride mass ratio 1: the combination of (0.1~0.3);
Described solidifying agent is magnesium oxide and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester (TGIC) mass ratio 1: the combination of (0.2~0.5);
Described trace element fertilizer is iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron in mass ratio 1: (0.4~1): (0.2~1): the combination of (0.1~0.5).
First edible fungi residue shear is pulverized, added weathered coal, chemical degradation agent, urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, trace element fertilizer, solidifying agent again and mix, degraded, solidify, at last extruding is granulated, polishing is shaped as circular granular.
Preferred according to the present invention, a kind of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer, parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
50~65 parts of edible fungi residues, 5~15 parts of weathered coals, 4~10 parts in urea, 5~12 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 4~8 parts in Repone K, 1~4 part of trace element fertilizer; 2~5 parts of chemical degradation agent, 5~10 parts in solidifying agent;
Described chemical degradation agent is potassium hydroxide and cobalt dichloride mass ratio 1: the combination of (0.1~0.3);
Described solidifying agent is magnesium oxide and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester (TGIC) mass ratio 1: the combination of (0.2~0.4);
Described trace element fertilizer is iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron in mass ratio 1: (0.4~0.6): (0.2~0.4): the combination of (0.2~0.4).
Preferred according to the present invention, the organic content 60-65wt% of described edible fungi residue, water content 45-55wt%; Organic matter in the bacterium slag and water content are the mass percent in butt.
Preferred according to the present invention, described weathered coal is in butt organic content 60-65wt%, humic acids content 45-50wt%, water content 18-20wt%; Preferred weathered coal is crossed 80 mesh sieves.
According to the present invention, the preparation method of described edible fungi residue organic fertilizer, step is as follows:
(1) degraded is solidified
Edible fungi residue is sheared pulverizing 7~10 minutes, smashing fineness is 0.5-1mm, then edible fungi residues, weathered coal, chemical degradation agent, urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, trace element fertilizer, the solidifying agent that crushes being added stirrer in proportion successively mixes, degraded, set time are 12~24 hours, material moisture is 15~20wt%, meets the requirement of national organic fertilizer production standard.
(2) polishing shaping
The material extruding that degraded is cured is granulated, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters, and then polish shaping to 2 ± 0.2 millimeter circular granular.
Preferred edible fungi residue is the culture medium waste behind the following edible fungus culturing: needle mushroom, Coprinus comatus, bisporous mushroom, mushroom, straw mushroom, flat mushroom, auricularia auriculajudae etc.
Preferably, described magnesium oxide is 350-450 purpose pulvis.
The method according to this invention, described degraded, set time are preferably 15-20 hour.
The method according to this invention, preferred, described shearing is pulverized and is adopted the wet stock high Shearing pulverizer, and market is on sale, and for example grand the company of heavy-duty machinery company limited in Tai'an produces BSF60 type wet stock high Shearing pulverizer.
The method according to this invention, preferred, rounded grain polishing trimmer is used in described polishing shaping, makes the product particle form good, and the energy is saved in suitable for mechanization fertilising, and no drying, process of cooling, reduces cost.Rounded grain polishing trimmer is this area conventional equipment, and market is on sale.
Edible fungi residue organic fertilizer of the present invention is seen in the field test results of peanut and Da Jiang, use edible fungi residues fertilizer of the present invention, use in 500 kilograms the situation at every mu, than significantly volume increase of peasant habit fertilising (using merely chemical fertilizer), every mu of volume increase peanut about 21%; Every mu of volume increase ginger is more than 9%.Compare with the general goods fertilizer, edible fungi residues fertilizer of the present invention also has significant effect of increasing production, in the identical situation of consumption, uses edible fungi residues fertilizer ratio of the present invention and uses every mu of peanut yield increasing amplitude of common fertilizer about 15%; Every mu of ginger increases production about 6%.More detailed field fertilizer efficiency is described in connection with embodiment.
The application of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer of the present invention adopts the present invention to produce preferred edible fungi residue organic fertilizer, uses 450~500 kilograms of edible fungi residue organic fertilizers, can be widely used in the production of the crops such as grain, vegetables, melon and fruit for every mu.
The present invention adopts wet stock high-shear crushing technology, chemical degradation curing technology, the particle polishing shaping technique of high-efficiency and low-cost to produce organic fertilizer take edible fungi residue as main raw material, and products obtained therefrom is the rounded grain form.The pollution free organic fertilizer of producing by the method contains the trace elements such as the needed multiple amino acids of plant growth, humic acids, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and iron, zinc, magnesium, molybdenum, boron.And can produce owing to chelating or complex reaction form and contain easily by the humic acid inner complex of the trace element of plant absorbing, the utilization ratio of bacterium residue organic fertilizer nutrient and validity, commodity have greatly been improved, it is convenient and strength-saving that it is used, and effect of increasing production is obvious.Because this product particle form is good, no drying, process of cooling, output is high, and energy consumption is low, and production process is pollution-free, facility investment only is about 1/3~1/5 of granulation mode same size commonly used, production technique is simple, and bacterium slag consumption is large, and products obtained therefrom fertilizer can be widely used in land for growing field crops and the cash crop such as grain, vegetables, melon and fruit, effect of increasing production is obvious, is easy to spread and uses.
With as follows there to be technology to compare advantage of the present invention:
1, producing fertilizer technique with existing edible fungi residue compares, products production of the present invention is without fermentation, oven dry, process of cooling, production technique is simple, and is with short production cycle, and facility investment is few, only be equivalent to 1/3~1/5 of conventional process, energy consumption is 1/3, and production cost is relatively cheap, and the edible fungi residue consumption is large, and be easy to apply, product market competitiveness is strong.
2, the present invention is owing to adopt the chemical degradation curing technology, without fermentation process and oven dry, process for cooling, energy consumption is low, production process is without exhaust gas emissions such as dust, waste water, carbonic acid gas, environment is not produced secondary pollution, meet current national and greatly develop the low-carbon economy requirement, belong to environmentally friendly non-harmful product.
3, product of the present invention is uniform and smooth circular granular, be fit to mechanical fertilization, save labor, the in addition mixing of raw material, rounded grain are shaped and are mainly physical process, formula for a product can be adjusted at any time according to the nutrient demand of Different Crop, can accomplish that the product nutrient is complete, wide in variety, seriation, wide adaptability satisfies the various crop growth to the demand of Different Nutrients.
4, the present invention is directed to the deficiency of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer production technique at present commonly used, the organic substances such as Mierocrystalline cellulose in the chemical degradation mode decomposer slag, hemicellulose have been adopted, improved organic conversion rate and transformation efficiency in soil, increased activated humic acid content in the product, various trace elements exist with the chelating form, the specific absorption of nutrient, utilization ratio, soil physical and chemical property all are improved significantly and improve, and amount of increase in production can reach 15%~30%.
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, but be not limited to this.
The wet stock high Shearing pulverizer model of using among the embodiment is BSF60 type (grand the company of heavy-duty machinery company limited in Tai'an product); nodulizer is FLY37 type (Qingdao Yongzheng Chemical Mechine Co., Ltd.'s product); rounded grain polishing trimmer is the KZ1200 type; (Qingdao Yongzheng Chemical Mechine Co., Ltd.'s product), horizontal-type biaxial rneader are HQJ750 type (Qingdao Yongzheng Chemical Mechine Co., Ltd.'s product)
The raw material that uses among the embodiment:
Edible fungi residue is for producing the culture medium waste that is left behind the results product in the edible fungus culturing process, and wherein organic content is mass percent (in butt).
Weathered coal 80 orders, (in butt) organic content 60wt%, humic acids content 48wt% in the raw material, water ratio 20wt%.
Embodiment 1: edible fungi residue is the bisporous mushroom culture medium waste, organic content 60wt%, water ratio 50wt%.
The edible fungi residue organic fertilizer, feed composition is as follows, is weight part:
60 parts of edible fungi residues, 8 parts of weathered coals, 5 parts in urea, 9 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 4 parts in Repone K, 3 parts of trace element fertilizers (iron content, zinc, molybdenum, boron).4 parts of chemical degradation agent, 7 parts in solidifying agent;
Wherein the chemical degradation agent is potassium hydroxide, 1: 0.2 combination of cobalt dichloride mass ratio, and solidifying agent is magnesium oxide (400 order) and 1: 0.3 combination of isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester mass ratio;
Wherein the mass ratio of iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron is 1: 0.5: 03 in the trace element fertilizer: 0.3.
The preparation method is as follows:
Edible fungi residue is added wet stock high Shearing pulverizer (BSF60 type) to be pulverized 9 minutes, then bacterium slag, weathered coal, chemical degradation agent, urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, trace element, the solidifying agent that crushes being added horizontal-type biaxial rneader (HQJ750 type) by weight successively mixes, degraded, set time are 16 hours, the about 20wt% of gained degraded curing material water content.The material that degraded is cured is delivered to elementary nodulizer (FLY37 type) extruding granulation by feed bin through travelling belt; 2~4 millimeters of granulation pore size of template; and then deliver to rounded grain by travelling belt and polish trimmer (KZ1200 type) shaping to about 2 millimeters circular granulars, enter at last the finished product bin metering packing.
Embodiment 2: edible fungi residue is the culture medium for golden mushroom waste material, organic content 61wt%, water content 50wt% in the bacterium slag.
The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is that the feed composition weight part is as follows:
50 parts of edible fungi residues, 15 parts of weathered coals, urea 6,12 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 6 parts in Repone K, 2 parts of trace element fertilizers (iron content, zinc, molybdenum, boron).3 parts of chemical degradation agent, 6 parts in solidifying agent;
Wherein, the chemical degradation agent is potassium hydroxide and cobalt dichloride mass ratio 1: 0.1, and solidifying agent is magnesium oxide (400 order) and 1: 0.2 combination of isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester mass ratio; Iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron mass ratio are 1: 0.5 in the trace element fertilizer: 0.4.: 0.2.
Embodiment 3:
Edible fungi residue is the flat mushroom culture medium waste, organic content 58wt%, water content 49wt% in the bacterium slag.
The preparation method is identical with embodiment 1, and difference is that the feed composition weight part is as follows:
65 parts of edible fungi residues, 5 parts of weathered coals, 4 parts in urea, 5 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 4 parts in Repone K, 2 parts of trace element fertilizers (iron content, zinc, molybdenum, boron), chemical degradation agent 5,10 parts in solidifying agent;
Wherein, the chemical degradation agent is potassium hydroxide, cobalt dichloride mass ratio 1: 0.3, solidifying agent be magnesium oxide (400 order), with 1: 0.4 combination of isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester mass ratio; Iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron mass ratio are 1: 0.4: 0.2 in the trace element fertilizer: 0.5.
Field fertilizer efficiency:
One. edible fungi residue organic fertilizer ginger field fertilizer efficiency
Test period: 2010, sowing on April 15, October 18 gathered in the crops.
Test site: Duchang town, Changyi City, Shandong Province, locality are important ginger producing regions, and the peasant has the history of planting for many years ginger.
3 processing are established in test, repeat 40 square metres of residential quarter areas 3 times.Process 1 and be peasant habit fertilising, every mu of 200kg15: 15: 15 composite fertilizers; Processing 2 is the general goods fertilizer, every mu of 500kg; Processing 3 is the edible fungi residue organic fertilizer of embodiment 1, every mu of 500kg.
Test is carried out under the medium fertilising in locality and Routine Management level.Application process: process 2,3 usefulness general goods fertilizers, the edible fungi residue organic fertilizer is all made base fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields before the ginger sowing and plough the soil, make the abundant mixing of fertilizer and soil, the compound nutriment in a fertilizer of processing 1 imposes for four times.Each is processed Ginger Yield and sees the following form 1.
Table 1 edible fungi residue organic fertilizer is on the impact of Ginger Yield
From field test results, use bacterium residue organic fertilizer of the present invention, use in 500 kilograms the situation at every mu, than significantly volume increase of peasant habit fertilising (using merely chemical fertilizer), 495.8 kilograms in every mu of volume increase ginger, volume increase 9.4%; Compare with the general goods fertilizer, the bacterium residue organic fertilizer also has significant effect of increasing production, in the identical situation of consumption, use bacterium residue organic fertilizer (processing 3) than using 319 kilograms in every mu of volume increase ginger of common fertilizer (processing 2), amount of increase in production reaches 5.8%.
In sum, the bacterium residue organic fertilizer has significant production-increasing function to Ginger Yield, and its effect of increasing production is better than using merely chemical fertilizer, and is also very more remarkable than common fertilizer effect of increasing production.Therefore, by the bacterium residue organic fertilizer of this explained hereafter, can significantly reduce fertilizer amount, significantly improve Ginger Yield, alleviate owing to use soil, air, the groundwater pollution that chemical fertilizer causes in a large number, have obvious economy and environmental benefit.
Two, the edible fungi residue organic fertilizer is at the peanut field fertilizer efficiency
Carried out the peanut field fertilizer efficiency at northern Shandong brown earth in 2010, test site is positioned at Zhang Jialou town, Jiaonan City, and the locality is important peanut producing region.3 processing are established in this test, repeat 40 square metres of residential quarter areas 3 times.Process 1, peasant habit fertilising, 15: 15: 15 composite fertilizers of every mu of 40kg; Process 2, general goods fertilizer, every mu of 500kg; Process the edible fungi residue organic fertilizer of 3, embodiment 2, every mu of 500kg.
Above-mentioned test in the locality better-than-average fertilising and Routine Management level carry out.Application process: chemical fertilizer (15: 15: 15 composite fertilizers) and edible fungi residue organic fertilizer are all made base fertilizer, spread fertilizer over the fields before peanut seeding and plough the soil, make the abundant mixing of fertilizer and soil.Test in sowing on April 27, September 12 gathered in the crops.Each is processed peanut yield and sees the following form 2.
Table 2 edible fungi residue organic fertilizer is on the impact of peanut yield
From test-results, use the edible fungi residue organic fertilizer, use in 500 kilograms the situation at every mu, than significantly volume increase of peasant habit fertilising (using merely chemical fertilizer), 54.8 kilograms of every mu of volume increase peanuts, volume increase 21%; Compare with the general goods fertilizer, the bacterium residue organic fertilizer also has significant effect of increasing production, in the identical situation of consumption, use edible fungi residue organic fertilizer of the present invention (processing 3) than using 40.7 kilograms of every mu of volume increase peanuts of common fertilizer (processing 2), amount of increase in production reaches 14.8%.
In sum, the edible fungi residue organic fertilizer has significant production-increasing function to peanut yield, and its effect of increasing production is better than using merely chemical fertilizer, and is also very more remarkable than common fertilizer effect of increasing production.Therefore, use edible fungi residue organic fertilizer of the present invention, can significantly reduce fertilizer amount, improve peanut yield, alleviate owing to use soil, air, the groundwater pollution that chemical fertilizer causes in a large number, have obvious economy and environmental benefit.
Claims (2)
1. an edible fungi residue organic fertilizer is characterized in that, is to be made by following weight part raw material:
50 ~ 70 parts of edible fungi residues, 5~20 parts of weathered coals, 4 ~ 15 parts in urea, 5~15 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 4 ~ 10 parts in Repone K, 1 ~ 5 part of trace element fertilizer; 2 ~ 5 parts of chemical degradation agent, 5 ~ 10 parts in solidifying agent;
Described chemical degradation agent is potassium hydroxide and cobalt dichloride mass ratio 1:(0.1~0.3) combination;
Described solidifying agent is magnesium oxide and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester mass ratio 1:(0.2~0.5) combination;
Described trace element fertilizer is in mass ratio 1:(0.4~1 of iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron): (0.2~1): the combination of (0.1~0.5);
First edible fungi residue shear is pulverized, added humic acids, chemical degradation agent, urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, trace element fertilizer, solidifying agent again and mix, degraded, solidify, at last extruding is granulated, polishing is shaped as circular granular.
2. edible fungi residue organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that parts by weight of raw materials is as follows:
50 ~ 65 parts of edible fungi residues, 5~15 parts of weathered coals, 4 ~ 10 parts in urea, 5~12 parts of monoammonium phosphates, 4 ~ 8 parts in Repone K, 1 ~ 4 part of trace element fertilizer; 2 ~ 5 parts of chemical degradation agent, 5 ~ 10 parts in solidifying agent;
Described chemical degradation agent is potassium hydroxide and cobalt dichloride mass ratio 1:(0.1~0.3) combination;
Described solidifying agent is magnesium oxide and isocyanuric acid three-glycidyl ester mass ratio 1:(0.2~0.4) combination;
Described trace element fertilizer is in mass ratio 1:(0.4~0.6 of iron, zinc, molybdenum, boron): (0.2~0.4): the combination of (0.2~0.4).
3, the preparation method of claim 1 or 2 described edible fungi residue organic fertilizers, step is as follows:
(1) degraded is solidified
Edible fungi residue is sheared pulverizing 7~10 minutes, smashing fineness is 0.5-1mm, then edible fungi residue, weathered coal, chemical degradation agent, urea, monoammonium phosphate, Repone K, trace element fertilizer, the solidifying agent that crushes being added stirrer in proportion successively mixes, degraded is 12 ~ 24 hours set time, and material moisture is 15 ~ 20wt%;
(2) polishing shaping
The material extruding that degraded is cured is granulated, 2~4 millimeters of particle diameters, and then polish shaping to 2 ± 0.2 millimeter circular granular.
4, the preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described magnesium oxide is 350 ~ 450 purpose pulvis.
5, the preparation method of edible fungi residue organic fertilizer as claimed in claim 3 is characterized in that, described degraded set time is 15 ~ 20 hours.
6, the application of claim 1 or 2 described edible fungi residue organic fertilizers is used 450~500 kilograms of edible fungi residue organic fertilizers for every mu.
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