CN105284529A - High-yield planting method for clausena lansium - Google Patents
High-yield planting method for clausena lansium Download PDFInfo
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- CN105284529A CN105284529A CN201510720064.3A CN201510720064A CN105284529A CN 105284529 A CN105284529 A CN 105284529A CN 201510720064 A CN201510720064 A CN 201510720064A CN 105284529 A CN105284529 A CN 105284529A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N63/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi, animals or substances produced by, or obtained from, microorganisms, viruses, microbial fungi or animals, e.g. enzymes or fermentates
- A01N63/30—Microbial fungi; Substances produced thereby or obtained therefrom
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
- A01N65/40—Liliopsida [monocotyledons]
- A01N65/48—Zingiberaceae [Ginger family], e.g. ginger or galangal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
Abstract
The invention discloses a high-yield planting method for clausena lansium. The method is characterized in that the variety of planted clausena lansium is called golden heart, and the planting method comprises the steps of: site selection, fixed planting, pruning and shaping, fertilizer and water management, fieldmanagement and pest control and prevention. The planting method disclosed by the invention enables the seedling survival rate to be high, the yield to be high and stable, and the disease resistance of clausena lansium to be strong. By adopting advanced farming, fertilizer and insect pest-removing technologies such as ridge pulverization and soil preparation by a ridge pulverizer, a special fertilizer, a plant insecticide, a plant bactericide and the like, the soil texture environment is effectively improved, the content of organic contents in soil is greatly increased, and a basis for increasing production and creating income for farmers and going on the way of sustainable development is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of economic crops, particularly a kind of high-yield planting method of cock skin fruit.
Background technology
Cock skin fruit, [another name] Calusena lansium, the outermost layer of skin, oily plum etc., [latin name]
clausenalansium.rutaceae Clausena tropical and subtropical zone evergreen fruit tree, dungarunga, originates in south China.In China's history of more than 1,500 year, in the Guangdong of China, Guangxi, Hainan, Taiwan, Fujian plantation be more, and also there is distribution in Sichuan, Yunnan.Cock skin fruit is one of tropical fruit (tree) of liking of the southern masses, and have higher nutritive value, purposes widely.Being rich in the multiple nutrients materials such as sugar, organic acid, pectin, vitamin C, volatile oil, glycosides displayed in its fruit, is a kind of fruit of useful health.Cock skin fruit also has higher medical value, and root, leaf, fruit and seed etc. all can be used as medicine, and have the effects such as food digesting stomach fortifying, regulating qi-flowing for strengthening spleen, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain, and what custom had " hungry food lichee, Calusena lansium of being satiated with food " says.Pericarp can disappear wind swell, go infantile malnutrition due to digestive disturbances or intestinalparasites; Seed can control hernia, centipde-bite and children's's head sore.Cock skin fruit seed is rich in oil content, and oil yield, up to 42%, is excellent lubricant.Cock skin fruit is as a kind of fruit of high-quality, and its fruit, except eating raw, still can be processed into jelly, jam, preserved fruit, fruitcake and cold drink etc. or salt marsh, sugaring.So, the title of " treasured in fruit " is have Calusena lansium among the people.
Cock skin fruit is evergreen all the year round, fruit is golden yellow, so be again the excellent fruit variety of courtyard greening, because its management is simple, damage by disease and insect is few, can more early go into operation, life-span is long again, fruit is deeply welcomed by the people, and from the nineties, the production of Calusena lansium is developed rapidly in Guangxi province, has become local key product certain areas cock skin fruit.Although grow directly from seeds, the kind of Calusena lansium is a lot, but most kind fruit quality is poor, show as fruit little, benevolence is many, meat is few, tart flavour is dense, thus a kind of improved seeds are cultivated, output is high, and fruit quality is good, and can grow improved seeds is heart cock skin fruit and seedless cock skin fruit, its fruit is large, meat is thick, juice is many, seedless cock skin fruit, do not have benevolence, very meets market prospects.
In addition, along with the development of modern agricultural production, the pollution that the continuous use of the chemical substances such as chemical fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and hormone causes, impact the landscape ground ecosystem, cause destruction to agricultural environment, cause product quality decline, production marketing price declines, orchard worker's income reduces.The steps such as the general planting method of cock skin fruit generally comprises wholely, fertilising, field management, beta pruning, damage by disease and insect are prevented and kill off, but due to current peasants conveniently and fast, mostly use agricultural chemicals, chemical fertilizer and weed killer herbicide; When apply chemical fertilizer and sprayed have residual toxin agricultural chemicals or weed killer herbicide on cock skin fruit tree, will cause residue of pesticide on cock skin fruit, when we eat the cock skin fruit of remains of pesticide, will working the mischief to our health, so, advocate full ecological technique organic grow cock skin fruit tree and just become extremely important.
Summary of the invention
The object of invention is to provide the high-yield planting method of a kind of cock skin fruit, and this implantation methods has that kind of shoot survival percent is high, output is high, cock skin fruit resistance against diseases is strong, high and stable yield; And adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, the advanced farming such as special fertilizer, vegetable insecticide, bactericide, fertilizer and except insect pest technology, not only effectively improve soil property environment, soil with organic matter content is increased greatly, for peasant increases production extra earning, walks Sustainable Development Road and foundation is provided.
The high-yield planting method of cock skin of the present invention fruit, comprises the step of selection of land, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, rural area management and the extermination of disease and insect pest:
(1) selection of land: select, soil layer deep more than 0.8 meter fertile in soil property, moistening, sunny, good, the well-drained gravelly loam plantation of soil permeability, adopt quicklime to disinfecting soil; And adopting Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, powder ridge cultivation method adopts rotary tillage screw type machinery to deep ploughing in the middle of hillside crop ped location, ploughs shallowly in both sides, silt simultaneously, deeply unscrew natural ridging after soil, forming both sides has the shallow ditch that loosens the soil around, and T-shape ridge furrow with certain angle inclined-plane.
(2) field planting: annual 2-3 month field planting, dig cave field planting according to spacing in the rows 2.7m × 4m, 60-70 plant/acre specification, every cave length and width are 80cm × 80cm × 80cm deeply; First the table soil dug out first is put into plant hole before field planting, then add base manure, base manure is mixed evenly with table soil and is added a small amount of earth again; Make nursery stock upright during field planting, root system nature is unfolded to surrounding, and rhizosphere fills out lid fine earth and tip compacting, drenches sufficient normal root water after field planting, then lid thin soil, most bonnet grass moisturizing.
(3) trimming and finishing: answer pinching or cutting back surely to do as seedling trunk height 40-50cm, under impelling section, number bud is sprouted, and selectes 3-4 bar to external, robust growth, and the branch be evenly distributed is cultivated as major branch; After major branch is aging, stay 25-30cm pinching or cutting back again, to cultivate secondary scaffold branch, the high yield being trained short hat the first transaction of a day's business is tree-like; Cutting back fruit bearing shoot to be returned in time after fruit picking, impel its top to sprout autumn growth in time, the weak fruit bearing shoot of growth is removed from base portion.
(4) rich water quality management: uses sufficient special fertilizer before field planting in the hole, cave dug, extracts first time young sprout out and agingly just to apply fertilizer afterwards after Seeding planting, during fertilising, every strain is drenched the bran water that becomes thoroughly decomposed and added appropriate urea; Add the pouring of special fertilizer trench digging with bran water after blossom fall to execute; Execute when just having started result once add special fertilizer add urea promote Fruit; Execute a nitrogenous fertilizer before adopting, after adopting, execute a phosphorus potash fertilizer, execute a fertilizer winter.
(5) rural area management: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest described in is the control to dark mildew, anthracnose, peronospora tabacina, aphid, heap wax powder coccid, leaf roller larva, rust mite, roundheaded borer, leaf miner; Use Pests with Botanical Pesticides cock skin fruitworm evil; Use bactericide control cock skin fruit disease evil.
Select kind: the cock skin fruit kind of planting is " the golden pheasant heart "." the golden pheasant heart " is the new varieties by systematic breeding from Guangzhou Calusena lansium main breed " large heart " elite stand.This kind fruit is large, single fruit weight 8-10 gram, sweet acid is moderate, raciness, product are of fine quality, and fruit maturation is consistent, edible rate is up to more than 61%, soluble solid 17%, vitamin C 3515mg/100g, the maturing stage is in early July, pericarp is thicker, fruit texture is solid, storage tolerance, and field planting 6-8 enters the phase of abounding with, 20-30kg is produced in strain, and high and stable yield has the obvious production advantage.
Above-described special fertilizer composition and parts by weight are: inorganic fertilizer 40-50 weight portion, organic 20-30 weight portion, pineapple waste residue 10-15 part, edible fungi residue 10-15 weight portion, compound amino acid 5-10 weight portion and micro-0.1-0.5 weight portion.
The material composition of the above vegetable insecticide and parts by weight are: macleaya cordata 25-35 part, kuh-seng 20-30 part, baeckea frutescen 10-15 part, Desmos chinensis 5-10 part, betel nut 5-10 part, stone-like omphalia 2-4 part, Sophora alopecuroide 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
Each medicine effective ingredient of above-described cock skin fruit tree special plant insecticidal formulation is analyzed:
Macleaya cordata, [another name] suddenly patrols back, suddenly strangle back, pineapple cylinder, great Ye lotus; [latin name]
macleayacordata (Willd.) R.Br.for the whole herb with root of bloodroot macleaya cordata.Galangal rhizome containing sanguinarine, Chelerythrine, bocconine, has insecticidal action containing root; Insect egg hatching can be suppressed, also have suppression effect to some bacterium and fungi.Insecticidal action is the strongest with leaf and pericarp effect, and stem takes second place, and root is the most weak, and its effect did not lose efficacy because of dry, and active ingredient may be alkaloid.
Kuh-seng, [another name] wild Chinese scholartree, Hao Hanzhi, matrine, bone, Chinese scholartree, Albizzia kalkora, matrine, chuanshentong, phoenix claw; [latin name]
sophoraflavescens.for the root of beans Plants kuh-seng.Containing alkaloid in radix sophorae: matrine, oxymatrine, N-are oxidized sophocarpine, Sophoridine, the other matrine of dextrorotation, dextrorotation Iosmatrine, dextrorotation sophoranl; Multiple flavonoids and triterpenoid saponin; There is desinsection, antibacterial, bacteriostasis.Good insecticidal effect is had to aphid, white moth plant hopper, leaf miner.During as Chinese medicine, cure mainly: heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, desinsection, diuresis.For hot dysentery, have blood in stool, jaundice renal shutdown, leukorrhea with reddish discharge, swelling of vulva pruritus vulvae, eczema, wet sore, pruitus, mange leprosy; Control trichomonas vaginitis etc. outward.
Baeckea frutescen, [another name] sweeps card wood, besom branch, pine tag branch, and [latin name] BaeckeafrutescensL. is herb or the root of myrtle baeckea frutescen.Baeckea frutescen contains volatile oil 0.9-1.8% containing leaf, wherein australene and nopinene account for 58%, to P-cymene 0.7%, 1, 8-Cineole 7.4%, citrene and cinene totally 3.1%, linalool, fenchanol, borneol and terpineol totally 10%, sesquiterpene 1.4%, sesquiterpene alcohols 3%, phenols 2.4%, the phenolic ether 5.5% of crystallization.In addition, also containing baeckeol.There is desinsection, antibacterial, bacteriostasis.
Desmos chinensis, [another name] beading, shank phoenix, wine cake leaf, mountain nail, dog tartar, [latin name]
desmoschinensisLour.for Annonaceae Desmos is upright or climbing shrub.Desmos chinensis mainly containing flavonoids, alkaloids and volatile oil, organic acid, triterpene, phytosterol etc., has good desinsection and suppression insect egg hatching to aphid, two spotted spider mite, acarid.Desmos chinensis flowery odour is similar to Cananga odorata, can extract aromatic oil, can for manufacturing cosmetics, fragrant fragrance for detergents etc.In addition, its root, leaf hyoscine, can control rheumatalgia, osteopatia sprain, stomach pneumatosis etc.
Betel nut, [another name] betel nut, semen arecae, Bin Men, olive, blue or green son, [Latin]
arecacatechuL.for herbaceos perennial.The main component of raw areca nut be 31.1% phenols, 18.7% polysaccharide, 14.0% fat, 10.8% raw fiber, the moisture of 9.9%, the ash content of 3.0% and 0.5% alkaloid, betel nut is also containing 20 various trace elements.Betel nut seed containing total alkaloids 0.3%-0.6%, is mainly arecaline, and containing a small amount of arecaidine, guvacoline, different demethyl arecaidine, arecolidine and homarecoline etc., all exist with tannic acid set.Traditional medicine is thought, effect that betel nut has " desinsection, broken long-pending, sending down abnormally ascending is capable stagnant, and row aquation wets ".
Stone-like omphalia, [another name] bamboo Siberian cocklebur, Lei Shi, bamboo bell sesame, [Latin]
omphalialapidescensSchroet.for the dry sclerotia of Bai Mo section fungi stone-like omphalia.[nature and flavor] mildly bitter flavor, cold in nature, [function cures mainly] killing insect and eliminating accumulation treating tumor.Stone-like omphalia main component is that a kind of protease claims Omphalin, content about 3%, is expelling tenia active ingredient.It has strong action of contace poison, stomach poison function and Growth inhibition to insects such as aleyrodid class larvas.
Sophora alopecuroide, [latin name]
sophoraalopecuroidesL.for cassia leguminous plant.Chemical composition mainly protein, carbohydrate, organic acid, flavonoids, pigment and the alkaloid of Sophora alopecuroide, [effect] heat-clearing and damp-drying drug, pain relieving, desinsection, antibacterial.
To wash one's hands fruit, [another name] soapberry fruit, eucalyptus, bitter suffer from tree, son suffered from by wood, oil trouble, fertile pearl, soap are set; [Latin]
sapindus,[nature and flavor] are bitter, and flat, poisonous, [function cures mainly] heat-clearing, eliminates the phlegm, and disappears long-pending, desinsection.Wash one's hands fruit containing Sesquiterpene glucoside, sapindoside, Sapindus saponin, hederagenin; Also containing Surface Active Substance, containing terpene, steroid saponin, amino acid, protein, vitamin, oleic acid, grease in this surface reactive material.
The material composition of the above bactericide and parts by weight are: galangal 25-35 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, tobacco 10-15 part, thunder godvine 5-10 part, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 5-10 part, ginkgo leaf 2-4 part, cloves 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
Each medicine effective ingredient of above-described cock skin fruit tree special plant bacteriocide formula is analyzed:
Galangal, [another name] wind ginger, little galingal, Gao Liangjiang, galingal, quite ginger, Buddha's hand root, current chart ginger; [latin name]
alpiniaofficinarum.for the dry rhizome of zingiberaceous plant galangal.Galangal rhizome is containing multiple diarylheptanoids: curcumin, dihydro curcumin, hexahydrocurcumin, octahydrocurcumin, have stronger antibacterial, bactericidal action to dark mildew, anthracnose.When galangal uses as Chinese medicine, there is the effect such as anti-oxidant, antiulcer, anti diar rhea, antitumor, antibacterial, anticoagulation, antithrombotic, hypotensive and analgesia.
Chinese prickly ash, [another name] large green pepper, long and thin hot pepper, another name for Sichuan Province green pepper, pericarpium zanthoxyli or Chinese pepper; [latin name]
zanthoxylum.for the pericarp of rutaceae Chinese prickly ash.[nature and flavor] are pungent, temperature, [function cures mainly] warming spleen and stomach for dispelling cold, expelling parasite, antipruritic; Control coldness and pain in the epigastrium, vomiting, diarrhoea, roundworm disease; Control pruitus outward.The pericarp of Chinese prickly ash, all containing volatile oil, contains different anisole and Geraniol etc. in oil; Show stronger, antibacterial, antifungic action.
Tobacco, [another name] cigarette, tobacco leaf, [latin name]
nicotianatabacumL.the herb of Solanaceae Nicotiana plant tobacco.[nature and flavor] are pungent, temperature, poisonous; [function cures mainly] subdhing swelling and detoxicating, desinsection.The average content of the chemical composition of tobacco is respectively: total reducing sugar 23.08%, reducing sugar 19.63%, total nitrogen 2.00%, nicotine 1.99%, protein 10.32%, schmuck value 2.45, total reducing sugar/nicotine 14.21, total nitrogen/nicotine 1.15.The nicotine contained in tobacco has very strong antibacterial, antiviral, bactericidal action to dark mildew, anthracnose, peronospora tabacina.
Thunder godvine, [another name] herba fibraureae recisae, Huang Lateng, cabbageworm medicine, red medicine, water thick grass, [latin name]
tripterygiumwilfordiiHook.f.for the root of Celastraceae, tripterygium plant thunder godvine.[meridian distribution of property and flavor] bitter, pungent, cool in nature, [function cures mainly] dispels rheumatism, remove obstruction in channels to relieve pain, swelling and pain relieving, removing toxic substances desinsection.Thunder godvine has good inhibitory action containing wilfordine, wilforine, Wilforgine, Wilfortrine and wilfortrine, celastrus orbiculatus furancarboxylic acid amine, celastrus orbiculatus benzyl acid amides, Triptolide A, B isoreactivity to pathogen growth.
Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus), [another name] lemon grass, [Latin]
cymbopogoncitratus (DC.) Stapf,for herbaceos perennial.Lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) master, containing citral, has stomach invigorating, diuresis, prevents anaemia and skin care, spleen-and-stomach-invigorating, dispel flatulence, pain, help digest.The effect of tool sterilizing and anti-virus, can treat cholera, acute gastroenteritis and chronic diarrhea, and Glycerin contributes to the use of women's skin maintenance.
Ginkgo leaf, [another name] moth leaf, duck bottom sediment, [Latin]
ginkgobiloba.for Ginkgoaceae plant Ginkgo biloba
ginkgobilobaL.dried leaves.Ginkgo leaf is the active component of highly effective anti-plant pathogen virus containing flavonoid glycoside, terpene lactones, polyisoamylene alcohols, 6-HKA, organic acid, separating Ginkgo phenolic acids and alkyl phenol, alkyl phenolic acid etc.
Cloves, [another name] flos caryophylli, Fructus Caryophylli, clove tree, dismemberent perfume, male cloves; [latin name]
syringaLinn.for the bud of dicotyledon medicine plant clove of myrtaceae.Cloves bud is containing volatile oil and caryophyllus oil, and main in oil is a kind of good sterilization, Antibacterial Constituents containing Eugenol.
To wash one's hands fruit, [another name] soapberry fruit, eucalyptus, bitter suffer from tree, son suffered from by wood, oil trouble, fertile pearl, soap are set; [Latin]
sapindus,[nature and flavor] are bitter, and flat, poisonous, [function cures mainly] heat-clearing, eliminates the phlegm, and disappears long-pending, desinsection.Wash one's hands fruit containing Sesquiterpene glucoside, sapindoside, Sapindus saponin, hederagenin; Also containing Surface Active Substance, containing terpene, steroid saponin, amino acid, protein, vitamin, oleic acid, grease in this surface reactive material.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:
1, the high-yield planting method of cock skin of the present invention fruit has that kind of shoot survival percent is high, output is high, cock skin fruit resistance against diseases is strong, high and stable yield; And adopt Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, the advanced farming such as special fertilizer, vegetable insecticide, bactericide, fertilizer and except insect pest technology, not only effectively improve soil property environment, soil with organic matter content is increased greatly, for peasant increases production extra earning, walks Sustainable Development Road and foundation is provided.
2, to have this kind fruit large for the cock skin fruit kind " the golden pheasant heart " of the present invention's plantation, single fruit weight 8-10 gram, sweet acid is moderate, raciness, product are of fine quality, and fruit maturation is consistent, edible rate up to more than 61%, soluble solid 17%, vitamin C 3515mg/100g, maturing stage is in early July, pericarp is thicker, and fruit texture is solid, storage tolerance, field planting 6-8 enters the phase of abounding with, 20-30kg is produced in strain, and per mu yield reaches 1100-1200kg, high and stable yield.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
Select kind: cock skin fruit kind is " the golden pheasant heart ".
(1) selection of land: select, soil layer deep more than 0.8 meter fertile in soil property, moistening, sunny, good, the well-drained gravelly loam plantation of soil permeability, adopt quicklime to disinfecting soil; And adopting Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, powder ridge cultivation method adopts rotary tillage screw type machinery to deep ploughing in the middle of hillside crop ped location, ploughs shallowly in both sides, silt simultaneously, deeply unscrew natural ridging after soil, forming both sides has the shallow ditch that loosens the soil around, and T-shape ridge furrow with certain angle inclined-plane.
(2) field planting: annual 2-3 month field planting, dig cave field planting according to spacing in the rows 2.7m × 4m, 60-70 plant/acre specification, every cave length and width are 80cm × 80cm × 80cm deeply; First the table soil dug out first is put into plant hole before field planting, then add base manure, base manure is mixed evenly with table soil and is added a small amount of earth again; Make nursery stock upright during field planting, root system nature is unfolded to surrounding, and rhizosphere fills out lid fine earth and tip compacting, drenches sufficient normal root water after field planting, then lid thin soil, most bonnet grass moisturizing.
(3) trimming and finishing: answer pinching or cutting back surely to do as seedling trunk height 40-50cm, under impelling section, number bud is sprouted, and selectes 3-4 bar to external, robust growth, and the branch be evenly distributed is cultivated as major branch; After major branch is aging, stay 25-30cm pinching or cutting back again, to cultivate secondary scaffold branch, the high yield being trained short hat the first transaction of a day's business is tree-like; Cutting back fruit bearing shoot to be returned in time after fruit picking, impel its top to sprout autumn growth in time, the weak fruit bearing shoot of growth is removed from base portion.
(4) rich water quality management: uses sufficient special fertilizer before field planting in the hole, cave dug, extracts first time young sprout out and agingly just to apply fertilizer afterwards after Seeding planting, during fertilising, every strain is drenched the bran water that becomes thoroughly decomposed and added appropriate urea; Add the pouring of special fertilizer trench digging with bran water after blossom fall to execute; Execute when just having started result once add special fertilizer add urea promote Fruit; Execute a nitrogenous fertilizer before adopting, after adopting, execute a phosphorus potash fertilizer, execute a fertilizer winter.
(5) rural area management: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, flower and fruit protecting, flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management.
(6) extermination of disease and insect pest described in is the control to dark mildew, anthracnose, peronospora tabacina, aphid, heap wax powder coccid, leaf roller larva, rust mite, roundheaded borer, leaf miner; Use Pests with Botanical Pesticides cock skin fruitworm evil; Use bactericide control cock skin fruit disease evil.
The output of cock skin fruit " the golden pheasant heart " kind of table 1 the present invention plantation
High-yield planting method the 3rd year per mu yield cock skin fruit more than 800kg, the 7th year more than the per mu yield 1100kg of cock skin fruit of the present invention, remarkable in economical benefits.
The control efficiency of table 2 cock skin of the present invention fruit " the golden pheasant heart " kind in the different bearing stage to disease and insect pest
| The dispenser phase | Spraying times | Diseased plant rate | Insect pest rate | Severity |
| Sprouting germination period | 1 | 2.8% | 2.5% | Slightly |
| Flowering stage | 3 | 7.9% | 8.2% | Slightly |
| Fruiting period | 5 | 8.1% | 10.3% | Slightly |
| CK | 0 | 55.4% | 60.5% | Heavy |
Note: disease generation severity divide do not occur, slightly, gently, in, heavily etc. 5 grades.
Known by table 1, the present invention adopts vegetable insecticide, bactericide to prevent and treat the insect pest of cock skin fruit disease, serves good desinsection, expelling parasite, sterilization, antibacterial effect, significantly reduces the cost of labor of plantation cock skin fruit.
Claims (5)
1. a high-yield planting method for cock skin fruit, is characterized in that: described implantation methods comprises selection of land, field planting, trimming and finishing, rich water quality management, rural area management and the step of the extermination of disease and insect pest:
Described selection of land is: select, soil layer deep more than 0.8 meter fertile in soil property, moistening, sunny, good, the well-drained gravelly loam plantation of soil permeability, adopt quicklime to disinfecting soil; And adopting Ji Fen ridge, powder ridge wholely, powder ridge cultivation method adopts rotary tillage screw type machinery to deep ploughing in the middle of hillside crop ped location, ploughs shallowly in both sides, silt simultaneously, deeply unscrew natural ridging after soil, forming both sides has the shallow ditch that loosens the soil around, and T-shape ridge furrow with certain angle inclined-plane;
Described field planting is: annual 2-3 month field planting, and dig cave field planting according to spacing in the rows 2.7m × 4m, 60-70 plant/acre specification, every cave length and width are 80cm × 80cm × 80cm deeply; First the table soil dug out first is put into plant hole before field planting, then add base manure, base manure is mixed evenly with table soil and is added a small amount of earth again; Make nursery stock upright during field planting, root system nature is unfolded to surrounding, and rhizosphere fills out lid fine earth and tip compacting, drenches sufficient normal root water after field planting, then lid thin soil, most bonnet grass moisturizing;
Described trimming and finishing is: answer pinching or cutting back surely to do as seedling trunk height 40-50cm, and under impelling section, number bud is sprouted, and selectes 3-4 bar to external, robust growth, and the branch be evenly distributed is cultivated as major branch; After major branch is aging, stay 25-30cm pinching or cutting back again, to cultivate secondary scaffold branch, the high yield being trained short hat the first transaction of a day's business is tree-like; Cutting back fruit bearing shoot to be returned in time after fruit picking, impel its top to sprout autumn growth in time, the weak fruit bearing shoot of growth is removed from base portion;
Described rich water quality management is: in the hole, cave dug, uses sufficient special fertilizer before field planting, extracts first time young sprout out and agingly just apply fertilizer afterwards after Seeding planting, and during fertilising, every strain is drenched the bran water that becomes thoroughly decomposed and added appropriate urea; Add the pouring of special fertilizer trench digging with bran water after blossom fall to execute; Execute when just having started result once add special fertilizer add urea promote Fruit; Execute a nitrogenous fertilizer before adopting, after adopting, execute a phosphorus potash fertilizer, execute a fertilizer winter;
Described rural area management is: control the spring tip, summer shoot of erasing, flower and fruit protecting, and flower and fruit thinning after steady fruit, strengthens tree vigo(u)r, cultivates strong tree; Timely pruning is spent to malformed fruit, sick fruit disease; Find that there is and be short of seedling, should reseed in time, the plant reseeded will be strengthened management;
The described extermination of disease and insect pest is the control to dark mildew, anthracnose, peronospora tabacina, aphid, heap wax powder coccid, leaf roller larva, rust mite, roundheaded borer, leaf miner; Use Pests with Botanical Pesticides cock skin fruitworm evil; Use bactericide control cock skin fruit disease evil.
2. the high-yield planting method of cock skin fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the cock skin fruit kind of plantation is " the golden pheasant heart ".
3. the high-yield planting method of cock skin fruit according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, described special fertilizer composition and parts by weight are: inorganic fertilizer 40-50 weight portion, organic 20-30 weight portion, pineapple waste residue 10-15 part, edible fungi residue 10-15 weight portion, compound amino acid 5-10 weight portion and micro-0.1-0.5 weight portion.
4. the high-yield planting method of cock skin fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material composition of described vegetable insecticide and parts by weight are: macleaya cordata 25-35 part, kuh-seng 20-30 part, baeckea frutescen 10-15 part, Desmos chinensis 5-10 part, betel nut 5-10 part, stone-like omphalia 2-4 part, Sophora alopecuroide 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
5. the high-yield planting method of cock skin fruit according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the material composition of described bactericide and parts by weight are: galangal 25-35 part, Chinese prickly ash 20-30 part, tobacco 10-15 part, thunder godvine 5-10 part, lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus) 5-10 part, ginkgo leaf 2-4 part, cloves 2-4 part, fruit 2-4 part of washing one's hands.
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