CN102177381A - 用于空调系统的导引组件及其制造方法 - Google Patents

用于空调系统的导引组件及其制造方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102177381A
CN102177381A CN2009801381633A CN200980138163A CN102177381A CN 102177381 A CN102177381 A CN 102177381A CN 2009801381633 A CN2009801381633 A CN 2009801381633A CN 200980138163 A CN200980138163 A CN 200980138163A CN 102177381 A CN102177381 A CN 102177381A
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China
Prior art keywords
pipe
guiding
arrangement
joint
polyamide
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Pending
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CN2009801381633A
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English (en)
Inventor
罗伯托·德菲利皮
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SumiRiko Italy SpA
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Dayco Fluid Technologies SpA
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Publication date
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Publication of CN102177381A publication Critical patent/CN102177381A/zh
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L47/00—Connecting arrangements or other fittings specially adapted to be made of plastics or to be used with pipes made of plastics
    • F16L47/02—Welded joints; Adhesive joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1654—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined
    • B29C65/1661—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface scanning at least one of the parts to be joined scanning repeatedly, e.g. quasi-simultaneous laser welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
    • B29C65/1629—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface
    • B29C65/1674—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of laser diodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
    • B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
    • B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
    • B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/53—Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars
    • B29C66/534—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars
    • B29C66/5344—Joining single elements to open ends of tubular or hollow articles or to the ends of bars said single elements being substantially annular, i.e. of finite length, e.g. joining flanges to tube ends
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
    • B29C66/65—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles with a relative motion between the article and the welding tool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
    • B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
    • B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
    • B29C66/73921—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic characterised by the materials of both parts being thermoplastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/914—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/9161—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux by controlling or regulating the heat or the thermal flux, i.e. the heat flux
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/91—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux
    • B29C66/919—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the temperature, the heat or the thermal flux characterised by specific temperature, heat or thermal flux values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/934—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed
    • B29C66/93451—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed by controlling or regulating the speed by controlling or regulating the rotational speed, i.e. the speed of revolution
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
    • B29C66/90—Measuring or controlling the joining process
    • B29C66/93—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed
    • B29C66/939—Measuring or controlling the joining process by measuring or controlling the speed characterised by specific speed values or ranges
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00507—Details, e.g. mounting arrangements, desaeration devices
    • B60H1/00557—Details of ducts or cables
    • B60H1/00571—Details of ducts or cables of liquid ducts, e.g. for coolant liquids or refrigerants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16L13/00—Non-disconnectible pipe-joints, e.g. soldered, adhesive or caulked joints
    • F16L13/02—Welded joints
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
    • B29C65/16—Laser beams
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    • B29C65/1635—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface at least passing through one of the parts to be joined, i.e. laser transmission welding
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
    • B29C65/14—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure using wave energy, i.e. electromagnetic radiation, or particle radiation
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    • B29C65/82—Testing the joint
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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Abstract

一种用于车辆的空气调节系统的冷却液导引组件，其特征在于，该冷却液导引组件包括接头(8)和插入所述接头(8)内的管，其中所述管和接头包含热塑性材料并借助激光焊接刚性连接。

Description

用于空调系统的导引组件及其制造方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于机动车的空调系统的导引组件及其制造方法。
背景技术
机动车的空调系统是冷却液流经的回路，并由多个部件构成，这些部件具体包括压缩机、冷凝器、干燥箱、膨胀系统和蒸发器。所有这些部件借助管形元件彼此连接，这些管形元件的两端具有紧固元件和能够确保流体密封性的连接装置。
空调系统的组成部件容置在车辆的发动机舱内，其中压缩机由车辆的驱动轴带动，而其他部件固定到本体部分。在空调系统中既有低压元件又有高压元件。在使用中，高压元件可能承受大约30bar的冷却液压力。
名为“R-134”的氟利昂气体已经被长期用作汽车的制冷流体。为了避免这种气体的污染，导引管基本上不渗透是极其重要的。此外，还期望低渗透性，以使得系统随着时间推移仍可保持其功能和效率。
然而，有关环境的国际标准强制寻找氟利昂R-134的具有更低的GWP(全球变暖潜能值)的替代方案。在这些替代方案中，Honeywell和Dupon所建议的1234 YS气体的有效性已经得到证实。在任何情况下，即便使用较低GWP气体作为制冷剂时，所有元件(即导引管和接头)都必须基本上在机动车的全部寿命周期之中且特别是在老化之后，与令人满意的高压机械特性结合地具有最低渗透性。
具体地，汽车制造商要求，由空调系统中的导引管和接头构成的线路通过多个实验测试，例如检查机械特征的热膨胀测试(heat burst test)、针对周期性压力变化的强度测试、流体的渗透性测试以及耐化学试剂测试。
在汽车的空调系统中，通过用铝制管道输送冷却流体，利用钎焊于该铝制管道的两端的凸缘和中间橡胶管(这些中间橡胶管带有在橡胶自身上模制出来的漏斗状接头或快速联结件)，通过尽可能地使用这样的金属与多层橡胶管的结合，来大体满足这些要求。
然而，汽车领域的大体趋势是，如果可能的话，用塑料制成的等同结构来代替金属或橡胶制管道，以便除了减轻最后所得到的空调系统的总重(由此通过较低的能耗而有益于发动机的CO2排放)之外，还有助于降低制造成本。
当将塑料管用于空调系统时，出现根据适合的方式将接头连接到管的需要，以确保既有高机械阻力又有低冷却液渗透等级。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是，提供一种导引组件，其能够有效代替汽车领域的空调系统中当前使用的铝制元件。
根据本发明，根据权利要求1提供一种用于空调回路的导引组件。此外，权利要求7涉及一种制造根据本发明的导引组件的方法。
附图说明
为了更好地理解，现在将参考附图进一步描述本发明，其中具体地：
图1是空调回路图；以及
图2是图1中的回路的冷却液导引组件的立体图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，附图标记1整体上表示用于机动车的空调系统，其包括冷凝器2、干燥箱3、膨胀系统4、蒸发器5和压缩机6。低压段BP在图1用点划线表示。实线则表示高压段AP，其基本上可确定位于压缩机6与膨胀系统4之间。在高压段AP，所用的冷却液(R-134)处于约100℃的温度和约20bar的压力下。图1所示的空调系统的部件借助多个中空部件即管7和各个接头8(图2)而彼此连接。
接头8包括管形部9，管7的端部径向过盈地轴向插入管形部9内。接头8的该管形部与管7如以下将更详细描述地随后通过激光束焊接在一起，而且过盈值使得接头8在焊接操作期间相对于管7保持在正确位置。
根据优选实施例，管7和接头8包括含有热塑性共聚物的层，该热塑性共聚物包括聚酰胺-6，10。
包含聚酰胺-6，10的层优选包含超过60％的聚酰胺-6，10。更优选地，该层包含超过90％的聚酰胺-6，10。甚至更优选地，该层完全由聚酰胺-6，10构成。
聚酰胺-6，10优选包括超过60％的、从包括癸二酸单元的第一单体和从包括己二胺单元的第二单体所获得的共聚物。更优选地，聚酰胺-6，10包括超过90％的、从包括癸二酸单元的第一单体和从包括己二胺单元的第二单体所获得的共聚物。甚至更优选地，聚酰胺-6，10存在于从包括癸二酸单元的第一单体和从包括己二胺单元的第二单体所获得的共聚物。
优选使用由EMS生产的GrilamidS系列树脂。例如，可使用Grilamid
Figure BPA00001332769400032
SFR5347树脂。
密度约为1.07g/cm3的这种树脂具有大约220℃的熔点和大约2.3GPa的杨氏模量。此外，由这种树脂制成的元件与其他聚酰胺(例如PA6和PA12)制成的管相比，具有对油(例如PAG2或POE)、对可燃物、对水和对盐水溶液的高耐化学性的属性，良好的短期耐热性和耐水解性，较低的吸水趋势以及更好的机械稳定性和耐磨性。
此外，其组成单体单元之一主要是癸二酸(一种可从蓖麻油天然大量获取的化合物)，其使用有利地为可再生资源的使用的形式。接头8优选包含纤维填料，更优选地包含玻璃纤维填料。
玻璃纤维优选按10％与60％之间的重量比添加到聚酰胺。已经获得的最佳测试结果重量百分比在20％与40％之间，例如为30％。
根据本发明的优选实施例，玻璃纤维的长度在0.05mm与1.0mm之间，但是该长度甚至更优选在0.1mm与0.5mm之间。
此外，这些纤维的直径优选在5μm与20μm之间，并且该直径更优选地在6μm与14μm之间。
接头8优选至少包含60％的这种填充玻璃纤维的聚酰胺-6，10。更优选地，接头8至少包含90％的这种填充玻璃纤维的聚酰胺-6，10。甚至更优选地，完全由这种填充玻璃纤维的聚酰胺-6，10制成。
根据实施例，管7由单个层组成，该单个层包含如前文所述未填充玻璃纤维的聚酰胺-6，10并优选具有1.5mm与3mm之间的厚度。
根据本发明的可选实施例，管7可包括第二层，该第二层包含聚酰胺树脂，该聚酰胺树脂优选选自从二羧酸单元(超过60％为对苯二甲酸或间苯二甲酸)获得的聚酰胺-12和共聚酰胺。如果管7是多层的，则接头由适合焊接到管7的最外层材料的热塑性材料制成。接头8优选包含与制成管7的最外层的热塑性材料相同的热塑性材料。
第二层优选至少包含60％的所述聚酰胺树脂。更优选地，第二层至少包含90％的所述聚酰胺树脂。甚至更优选地，第二层完全由所述聚酰胺树脂制成。
根据本发明的实施例，所述聚酰胺树脂是改良为耐低温冲击的聚酰胺-12。
优选地，所选的聚酰胺-12具有170℃与176℃之间的熔点、25MPa与35MPa之间的拉伸应力、20MPa与30MPa之间的弯曲强度、400MPa与600MPa之间的弯曲模量、23℃下在100KJ/m2与120KJ/m2之间的冲击阻力以及-40℃下在10KJ/m2与20KJ/m2之间的冲击阻力。
所述管优选包括包含聚酰胺-6，10的第一层和包含聚酰胺-12的第二层，第一层在第二层内。
根据本发明的另一实施例，这种共聚酰胺是聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)。
这种共聚酰胺优选从二羧酸单元(超过60％为对苯二甲酸)和二胺单元(超过60％为1，9-壬二胺或2甲基-1，8-辛二胺)获得。
更优选地，超过90％的二羧酸单元是对苯二甲酸。甚至更优选地，对苯二甲酸是100％的二羧酸单元。
超过60％的二胺单元优选是1，9-壬二胺或2甲基-1，8-辛二胺。更优选地，超过90％的二胺单元是1，9-壬二胺或2甲基-1，8-辛二胺。甚至更优选地，100％的二胺单元是1，9-壬二胺或2甲基-1，8-辛二胺。
除对苯二甲酸之外，二羧酸单元的示例还包括脂肪族二羧酸，例如丙二酸、二甲基丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、己二酸、2-甲基己二酸、三甲基己二酸、庚二酸，2，2-二甲基戊二酸、3，3-二乙基丁二酸、壬二酸、癸二酸和辛二酸；脂环族二羧酸，例如1，3-环戊烷二甲酸和1，4-环己烷二甲酸(1，4-cycloesandicarboxylic)；芳香族二羧酸，例如间苯二甲酸、2，6-萘二羧酸、2，7-萘二羧酸、1，3-苯二氧二乙酸、联苯甲酸、4，4′-二苯醚二甲酸、二苯甲烷-4，4′-二羧酸、二苯砜-4，4′-二羧酸和4，4′-联苯二羧酸；或它们的混合物。
其中，优选芳香族二羧酸。
除了以上提到的1，9-壬二胺和2-甲基-1，8-辛二胺之外，二胺单元的示例还包括脂肪族二胺，例如乙二胺、丙二胺、1，4-丁二胺、1，6-己二胺、1，8-辛二胺、1，10-癸二胺、3-甲基-1，5-戊烷二胺；脂肪二胺，例如环己二胺、甲基环己二胺和异佛尔酮二胺；芳香族二胺，例如p-苯二胺、m-苯二胺、p-二甲苯二胺、m-二甲苯二胺、4，4′-二氨基二苯甲烷、4，4′-二氨基二苯砜、4，4′-二氨基二苯醚；及它们的任意混合物。
这种聚酰胺优选US专利6989198中描述的P9T型。更优选地，聚酰胺树脂是Kuraray生产的Genestar树脂。甚至更优选地，是Kuraray生产的Genestar树脂，例如Genestar 1001 U03、U83或者H31。
包括根据前文的接头8和管7的导引组件满足由汽车制造商规定的在空调系统中使用的要求。具体地，由PA6，10制成的层甚至在老化后，也能满足渗透性和耐压力波动的要求。此外，PA6，10制成的层与PA12、PPA或P9T制成的外层的联结能够克服与对于化学侵蚀的抗性相关的问题，因此避免在焊接点的剥落和断裂，以及与有限的螺接强度相关的问题。
示例1
Grilamid S FE 5347制成、约7×11的单层管被安装到带有30％玻璃纤维的Grilamid S FE 5347 7×11制成的接头8，并且接头8标红以便能透过激光。
激光源是二极管源，并具有最大50W的功率。光束由光纤输送并借助圆筒状光学系统聚焦，以便产生刀片形激光斑。
根据非限制性的实施例，接头8和管7沿轴向重叠13mm以上，激光刀的长度比重叠段短，例如激光刀的长度为11mm。
当激光刀保持固定时，导引组件1在心轴上旋转。
制冷剂导引组件的主要需求是避免泄漏。为了这个目的，一旦激光斑的几何尺寸确定，需要确定通过速度和光束功率。
过强的光束可沿焊接区域造成燃烧和/或起泡。过快的通过速度反而会分散光束能量，并在焊接区域中的一些部位造成熔化不足。在两种情况下，导引组件的流体密封性均受到损害。
根据本发明，已经核实每转2秒与9秒之间、优选为每转6秒的转速，即从230mm/min到1037mm/min、优选为345mm/min的速度，结合具有2kW/mm与3.5kW/mm之间、优选为2.7kW/mm的线性功率强度的激光束，能够分别获得接头8和管7的重叠壁的同质熔化，从而获得连续的、无汽泡的焊接。
热爆裂测试
在测试温度下稳定1小时后，在120℃的温度下进行测试。将不断增加的液压施加到上述的管上，按5bar/s增加直到管破裂。随后将破裂压力与例如由汽车制造商规定的使用值进行比较。
在脉冲压力测试(以下描述)之后进一步执行测试，因此记录下89bar至92bar的值，再次明显超过规定的30bar。
渗透性测试
这些测试的目的是借助重量损失来测量经过管壁流出的流体量。为了获得统计意义上显著的数据，同时在4个管上执行测试。
首先，在大气压力下测量除接头之外接受测试的管的长度(L1、L2……L4)。在管的端部安装两个闭合装置，其中一个闭合装置设有注入阀。
计算前3个管的内部理论容积，并将约为接受测试的管的内部容积的50％量的0.55g/cm3的HFC134引入其中。借助卤素探测器来检查闭合装置有没有发生泄漏。
将4个管(3个满管加1个空的试样)在温度100℃的环境室内放置1小时，然后重复卤素探测器检查。此时，将4个管放在100℃的环境室调节24小时。
在这个调节步骤的结尾，称量管重，并记录它们的值P1、P2、……P4。
将管再次在100摄氏度下如此调节72小时，此后对这些管称重并确定各自的重量损失ΔPi。然后，估算充满冷却液的管的重量损失，用三个管的平均值减去测量到的“空”管的值。所得的差是单位为g/m2/72h的渗透性指数。
根据本发明的管记录下的值小于1.82g/m2/72h。
脉冲压力强度测试
接受测试的管7安装在设有能够输送压力脉冲的装置的测试台上。以U形安装的管的内部充满为压缩机提供的润滑剂或者充满硅油，该U形的曲率半径等于为接受测试的管设置的最小半径；执行测试的环境含有空气。内部流体和空气被加热到100℃-120℃的温度，并受到测试压力0±3.5MPa(或根据管的种类在0MPa到1MPa之间)的循环，测试频率为每分钟15次循环。至少执行150000次循环，如果150000次循环之内未发生断裂，则继续执行直至断裂为止。
最后运行检查循环，通过从测试台移走管，将管浸入水中，并输送3.5MPa的气压30秒来检查有没有泄漏。如果发现存在气泡，则维持压力5分钟，以便确定实际上是否有泄漏，例如气泡可能来自夹在管的各层之间的空气(在多层管的情况下)。
当完成测试时，在端部接头区域剖开这些管试样并目视检查，以确定在内部管道上有没有撕裂。出现这种缺陷可造成测试失败。
根据本发明的管在150000次循环后不会发生断裂。
抽出测试
测试在环境温度下进行，并在150℃以25mm/min的牵引速度保持1小时后进行。对于环境温度下的测试，在所有情况下造成管破裂的抽出载荷的平均值为2470N，对于发热时进行的测试为1172N。
只有根据本发明的导引组件通过了为确保根据汽车制造商要求的管充分持久所要求的所有测试。
根据本发明的接头和导引组件1能够获得的优点如下。
用于连接由塑料材料制成的管7和接头8的激光焊接适合满足为得到汽车制造商的供应认可所要求的机械紧密性和渗透性的条件。由此，可代替铝管，因此减重并降低成本。
此外，根据本发明的可选实施例，管7可以是多层，例如可包括中间聚酰胺层，该中间聚酰胺层具有更高的刚性和/或极限伸长率(例如与聚酰胺-6的上述参数相比)。优选使用上述的聚酰胺-6，10来制造内层和外层，同时聚酰胺-6构成中间层。由此能够在管7的耐氯化性、机械强度和柔性之间获得良好的折衷方案。
使用聚酰胺-6增加了与聚酰胺-6，10层的兼容性，并且外层中的聚酰胺-6，10使接头8得以在最佳条件下焊接。
根据实施例，聚酰胺-6，10的外层比聚酰胺-6的内层和聚酰胺-6，10的内层厚。
下面的表格示出根据前述模式，在三层管7上执行得出的测试数据(除非另外说明)；在该三层管7中，聚酰胺-6，10层由等同于前述材料的材料制成，并且聚酰胺-6具有BRZ 334°。
此外，可将接头8形成为限定容置管7的端部的联结孔。为此目的，接头8形成有激光透明(laser light transparent)着色，使得该着色可在管7与联结孔的内表面之间的界面区上聚焦。
Figure BPA00001332769400081
*在所有情况下接头的断裂值

Claims (11)

1.一种用于车辆的空气调节系统的冷却液导引组件，其特征在于，所述冷却液导引组件包括接头(8)和插入所述接头(8)内的管，其中所述管和接头包含热塑性材料并利用激光焊接刚性连接。
2.根据权利要求1所述的导引组件，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料是聚酰胺。
3.根据权利要求2所述的导引组件，其特征在于，所述热塑性材料是聚酰胺-6，10。
4.根据权利要求3所述的导引组件，其特征在于，所述管(8)包括不同于聚酰胺-6，10并具有比聚酰胺-6，10的极限伸长率更高的极限伸长率的聚酰胺层，以及分别为内层和外层的两个聚酰胺-6，10层。
5.根据权利要求3所述的导引组件，其特征在于，所述管由单个聚酰胺-6，10层组成。
6.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的导引组件，其特征在于，所述接头(6)包含与所述管(7)的最外层相同的热塑性材料。
7.根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的导引组件，其特征在于，所述接头(8)限定用于容置所述管(7)的端部的孔，所述接头由激光透明材料制成。
8.一种用于车辆的空调回路，其特征在于，所述空调回路包括根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的导引组件。
9.一种制造用于车辆的空调回路的导引组件的方法，所述导引组件包括热塑性材料制成的管(7)和接头(8)，所述方法包括将所述管(7)激光焊接到所述接头(8)的步骤。
10.根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述焊接速度在230mm/min与1037mm/min之间。
11.根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述激光束的线性功率密度在2kW/mm与3.5kW/mm之间。
CN2009801381633A 2008-08-06 2009-08-06 用于空调系统的导引组件及其制造方法 Pending CN102177381A (zh)

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