CN102174816B - Ecological restoration structured approach for unstable earth and rockfill side slope - Google Patents
Ecological restoration structured approach for unstable earth and rockfill side slope Download PDFInfo
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- CN102174816B CN102174816B CN2011100248963A CN201110024896A CN102174816B CN 102174816 B CN102174816 B CN 102174816B CN 2011100248963 A CN2011100248963 A CN 2011100248963A CN 201110024896 A CN201110024896 A CN 201110024896A CN 102174816 B CN102174816 B CN 102174816B
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Abstract
The invention discloses an ecological restoration structured approach for an unstable earth and rockfill side slope, comprising the following steps: reinforcing a slope with iron threaded anchor rods and galvanized wire meshes; then restoring by a wet type spraying and sowing technique; further reducing loss soil loss tolerance of a sowing layer by the pore retaining effect of a three-dimensional vegetation network; constructing surface runoff retaining ditches and reinforcing walls at the joint of naked abrupt slopes and undamaged massifs to prevent the fall of the slope crest; constructing a collecting basin at the slope base to collect slope runoff and massif predominant current. The approach disclosed by the invention effectively realizes effective fixation of a plant matrix of the unstable earth and rockfill side slope, so that a restored vegetation layer can be formed in a short period of time and is not easy to be damaged; meanwhile as water power retention period increases, adaptability is good, the restored matrix does not run off easily.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of ecological restoring method of massif bare side sloping, particularly relate to the exposed domatic natural disposition of planting of massif that a kind of native stone mixes unstable substrate and repair structured approach.
Background technology
In recent years; Because building projects such as large-scale mining and highway construction; Form a large amount of exposed geotechnical slopes, be easy to generate series of negative effects such as soil erosion, massif unstability landslide, environment pollution, disruption of ecological balance, landscape destruction, microclimate variation.Mostly traditional side slope reclamation activities is to adopt builds enclosure wall, protective slope structure such as reinforced cementitious by laying bricks or stones, has unilaterally considered to suppress the effect of soil erosion, and ecological environment is not improved, and has destroyed the harmony of ecological environment on the contrary.Under the overall situation of the friendly type of China's creation environment society, social environment consciousness progressively strengthens, and the ecological reestablishment of broken side slope has occupied leading position gradually.Slope ecological reparation at present mainly contains people's work post grass bank protection, tiling grassed slope, plant biological bag bank protection, make up grass planting bank protection behind the grid, hydraulic pressure is sowed grass seeds by duster technology such as kind of a careless bank protection, soil moved in to improve the original breeding vegetation slope pavement.Various technology have all been considered the recovery of ecological environment in the side slope reparation, and its scope of application is all arranged.
Yet massif destroys adverse grade body exposed surface and not all is stable clean rock structure or pure soil structures.Soil stone mixes domaticly has a very high ratio in reality.This domatic stone volume is widely different, and the compartment of terrain is distributed in the middle of the soft soil layer, and extremely unstable under nature external force state, it is very frequent that the landslide phenomenon takes place.The engineering difficulty of this side slope being carried out restoration of the ecosystem has been brought up in this labile state.At first, the rain erosion intensity on the instable slope surface during storm runoff is very high, and after soil layer ran off, the stone in the middle of the sloping body can fall by gravitate.Secondly, the unstability of self makes the soil moved in to improve the original or the easy landing of other construction structure of side slope, even successfully construction, the possibility that the later stage is damaged is also bigger.Once more, bare side sloping and vegetational type fair do not destroy the massif joining place easily in rainfall the time the stacked landslide of falling takes place.
For native stone mix exposed domatic, remove the engineering difficulty, the domatic restoration of the ecosystem engineering of the existing overwhelming majority all can form open runoff when rainfall.Repair matrix such as fertilizer, mud etc. for some side slope, this open runoff very easily causes secondary pollution.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of ecological restoring method of detrimental soil stone side slope; Can solve in the reinstatement works because native stone mixes the technical problem that labile state caused of side slope; Adopt comprehensive technical measure that native stone is mixed side slope and carry out restoration of the ecosystem; Form stable green plants covering layer in a short time, solve the secondary pollution problem that the restoration of the ecosystem engineering is caused simultaneously.
When the present invention is intended to alleviate aforementioned first and third unfavorable factor through construction structure, through secondary hang the net anchoring, the whitewashing of secondary soil moved in to improve the original realizes the reduction to aforementioned second unfavorable factor; Block the pollutant migration of water body downstream through the mode of slope runoff being collected reuse simultaneously, thereby alleviate the secondary pollution that possibly bring by matrix.
For realizing that the object of the invention adopts following technical scheme: after the arrangement of detrimental soil stone side slope, back down on the side slope slope and to dig surface flow and hold back ditch and build short reinforcement walls; Build collecting-tank at the end, slope, tube connector is set sloping top runoff is held back ditch and slope end collecting-tank connection; On compacting domatic, it is domatic to utilize iron anchor pole that galvanized wire mesh is fixed in, and carries out the soil moved in to improve the original whitewashing first time, plant is fitted give birth to matrix fully to fill up space off the net and forms the first floor hypothallus; Treat that the first floor hypothallus adheres to stable back and lays three-dimension vegetative net, carry out the alien earth sparging second time, the matrix that is mixed with vegetable seeds is distributed in the three-dimension vegetative net.
Described iron anchor pole forms through screw-thread steel is prefabricated, and the screw thread in the anchor structure can increase the inner frictional force of side slope, is difficult for deviating from; Rock-bolt length is considered prestressing force at 50 ~ 100cm, and long anchor pole should be used in sloping body top.
Described galvanized wire mesh adopts square-mesh wire cloth, makes it keep the matrix that sprays here domatic holding, and also allows the host material of large-size such as rice straw to pass through simultaneously.
Described three-dimension vegetative net is moulded the compacting of system net by multilayer and is formed, and wherein every layer of net all has pleated structure, thereby three-dimension vegetative net has very intensive three-dimensional pore space distribution.
The present invention is on the basis of detrimental soil stone side slope preliminary finish; On top, side slope slope bare side sloping with do not destroy massif joining place excavating earth surface runoff hold back ditch with build short reinforcement walls restrain place, sloping top stacked fall the landslide; Build collecting-tank at the end, side slope slope; Can accumulate the charge for remittance of slope runoff and massif surface predominant current between storm period, and for the irrigation maintenance of side slope provides source of recycled water, pipe is held back ditch and slope end collecting-tank connection with the top, slope through connecting.Alien earth sparging when guaranteeing that through the reinforcement effect of iron anchor pole and galvanized wire mesh side slope is repaired is difficult for producing the landing phenomenon, holds the number of dropouts that gives over to further alleviating seeding layer through the hole of three-dimension vegetative net.
Described reinforcement walls is built on the slope of galvanized wire mesh and three-dimension vegetative net and is pushed up on the end, can pulling force be provided to the framework of whole domatic alien earth sparging, and the possibility that makes domatic extension net come off drops to minimum.
Described method specifically comprises the steps:
(1) the arrangement side slope is removed residual rubble, foreign material, and big finger stone pricker lofty in the edge slope structure is gone out, and is compacted into comparatively smooth domatic behind the mechanical finishing;
(2) through the iron anchor pole of screw thread galvanized wire mesh is fixed on the side slope, galvanized wire mesh leans on the part on top, slope to reserve a segment length;
The matrix that (3) will not contain vegetable seeds through wet type whitewashing system sprays to wire gauze, and thickness was advisable to cover the wire gauze surface, and this layer stromal thickness is generally more than 5cm;
(4) treat that the first pass gunite surface is dried slightly, on side slope first floor hypothallus, lay three-dimension vegetative net, three-dimension vegetative net leans on the part on top, slope to reserve a segment length;
The matrix that (5) will contain vegetable seeds through wet type whitewashing system sprays to three-dimension vegetative net, makes matrix fill up the hole of three-dimension vegetative net, and covers three vegetation net surfaces and be advisable; This layer of stromal thickness is generally about 5cm;
(6) do not hold back ditch on the top, slope to destroying massif direction place excavation overland flow, horizontal direction is by the pre-buried PVC system of determining deviation gutter along sloping top;
(7) in the slope is pushed up abovementioned steps (2), (4), reserve wire gauze and three-dimension vegetative net flattening, build short reinforcement walls above that by laying bricks or stones;
(8) collecting-tank is built at the end, slope, makes collecting-tank and Po Ding hold back ditch through PVC system gutter stringing and is communicated with.
Described three-dimension vegetative net can be fixed with iron anchor pole or band point bamboo let.
Described collecting-tank leans on a domatic side can build the V font and collects the weir, can total number conflux wherein to guarantee slope drainage.
The present invention can also hold back ditch at Po Ding bypass pipe is set, and holds back that rainwater flows away without the downstream collecting-tank in the ditch so that when rainfall is excessive, make.Like this, the runoff of repairing sloping body can not overflow with rainwater because of water level is too high in collecting-tank.
Job practices of the present invention is suitable for for the abrupt slope of gradient less than 60 °.About job practices suggestion gradient 10m of the present invention, if but the too high mechanical treatment of gradient is the step cascaded structure.
After the inventive method seeding layer sprays and finishes, should use macropore sunshade net covering protection in the early stage, the stable recession of vegetation removes.
Verified, the native stone that detrimental soil stone side slope ecological renovation method of the present invention can effectively solve labile state mixes the problem of side slope in restoration of the ecosystem, at the bottom of the plant base through construction of stable, can form the reparation vegetable layer in a short time, and survivable.Detrimental soil stone side slope restorative procedure structure of the present invention brief introduction, material is cheap to be easy to get, and can form stable green plants covering layer in a short time, and is difficult for destroying as time passes; Effectively solve the secondary pollution problem that the restoration of the ecosystem engineering is caused simultaneously.
Describe the present invention below in conjunction with the specific embodiment.Protection scope of the present invention is not exceeded with the specific embodiment, but is limited claim.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that detrimental soil stone side slope is repaired the general structure sectional drawing;
Fig. 2 holds back the design of graphics of ditch and reinforcement walls for place, sloping top surface flow;
Fig. 3 is that web frame and alien earth sparging hierarchy sketch map are hung in domatic anchoring.
The specific embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing the present invention is further specified.
Fig. 1 is the overall sectional drawing of detrimental soil stone side slope reparation, and Fig. 2 locates the design of graphics that surface flow is held back ditch and reinforcement walls for sloping top, and Fig. 3 is that web frame and alien earth sparging hierarchy sketch map are hung in domatic anchoring.
In the specific embodiment of the present invention, hold back ditch 2 at detrimental soil stone side slope that is destroyed back formation and the background massif 1 joining place excavating earth surface runoff that does not destroy and have vegetation to cover, and build short sloping roof construction reinforcement walls 3.The original massif that the long distance of the many existence in bare side sloping top is not ruined and vegetation growth is good; Though this part massif is obvious in the water and soil conservation ability at heavy rain initial stage; But along with the increase of topsoil saturation ratio, the massif overland flow progressively produces and can form along physical features at random the face of land predominant current of one strand.If do not take measures, this part predominant current certainly will corrode a lot of gully on exposed native stone side slope, and then practises usury the afterbody that does not destroy massif and cause the top, slope to be fallen.Even carried out ecological recovery, the destruction that also very easily receives face of land predominant current between this storm period causes recovering not exclusively.The inventive method is through excavation and build surface flow by laying bricks or stones and hold back ditch 2, does not compile and holds back destroying overland flow that massif flows down, and enter the slope collecting-tank 9 at the end along holding back the discharge tube of reserving the ditch bottom.The short reinforcing enclosure wall of building simultaneously 3 is because along continuous straight runs extends to form integral body one; So at first be further reinforcement to sloping roof construction; The design of the present invention is simultaneously built reinforcement walls 3 on following galvanized wire mesh 6 and three-dimension vegetative net 7; Can pulling force be provided to the framework of whole domatic alien earth sparging, the possibility that makes domatic extension net come off drops to minimum.
Domatic reparation adopts anchoring to hang net-wet type alien earth sparging technology.After abundant cleaning was domatic with compacting, it was domatic to utilize iron anchor pole 5 that galvanized wire mesh 6 is fixed in, and carries out soil moved in to improve the original whitewashing first time, makes the right living matrix of plant fully fill up space off the net.Treat that the first floor hypothallus adheres to stable and dried slightly back and lays three-dimension vegetative net 7, carry out the alien earth sparging second time, the matrix that is mixed with vegetable seeds is distributed in five layers of composite structure of three-dimension vegetative net 7.The iron anchor pole 5 that adopts during practical implementation of the present invention forms through screw-thread steel is prefabricated, and the screw thread in its structure can increase in the inner frictional force of side slope, is difficult for deviating from.The galvanized wire mesh 6 that adopts adopts 4cm * 4cm square-mesh wire cloth, makes it keep the matrix that sprays here domatic holding, and also allows the host material of large-size such as rice straw to pass through simultaneously.The three-dimension vegetative net of recommending during practical implementation of the present invention to adopt 7 can be moulded the compacting of system net by five layers and form; Wherein every layer of net all is to have pleated structure; Thereby three-dimension vegetative net has very intensive three-dimensional pore space distribution; When the matrix that contains vegetable seeds is sprayed to three-dimension vegetative net, matrix can be inserted hole wherein, has weakened the influence that water and soil corrodes.
The inventive method is built collecting-tank 9 at the end, slope; Collecting-tank 9 leans on domatic side build V font collection weir can total number to conflux wherein to guarantee slope drainage; Holding back ditch 2 through gutter 4 with Po Ding again is communicated with; Be used for taking in the overland flow that the massif top forms between flush period, the water source of irrigating maintenance for the hillside vegetation simultaneously capable of using.This not only makes the water resource of slope runoff be able to recycle; And because this part water source of recycle makes hydraulic detention time (HRT) increase; Pollutant can be cut down through the absorption of self purification and domatic plant, and then has solved in the ecological recovery engineering because the visitor is covered matrix and select the secondary pollution problems such as nutritive salt loss that the downstream water body is caused for use.
The inventive method can also be held back ditch at Po Ding bypass pipe is set in the practical implementation process, hold back that rainwater flows away without downstream collecting-tank 9 in the ditch so that when rainfall is excessive, make.Like this, the runoff of repairing sloping body can not overflow with rainwater because of water level is too high in collecting-tank.
Above-mentioned job practices concrete steps are following:
(1) arrangement side slope.Remove the residual rubble of recovery activity, foreign material etc., big finger stone pricker lofty in the edge slope structure is gone out, compacting forms comparatively smooth domatic behind the mechanical finishing.
Job practices of the present invention is suitable for for the abrupt slope of gradient less than 60 °.About job practices suggestion gradient 10m of the present invention, if but the too high mechanical treatment of gradient is the step cascaded structure.
(2) through the iron anchor pole 5 of screw thread 4cm * 4cm square hole galvanized wire mesh 6 is fixed on the side slope.Rock-bolt length is at 50 ~ 100cm.Consider prestressing force, long anchor pole should be used in sloping body top.The spacing of anchor pole on side slope is 50cm * 50cm.
Galvanized wire mesh 6 leans on the part on top, slope vertically will reserve the length of 30cm.
The matrix 8 that (3) will not contain vegetable seeds through wet type whitewashing system sprays to wire gauze 6, and thickness was advisable to cover wire gauze 6 surfaces.Because detrimental soil stone side slope surface is concaveconvex structure, so this layer stromal thickness is generally more than 5cm.
(4) treat that the first pass gunite surface is dried slightly, on side slope, lay three-dimension vegetative net 7, three-dimension vegetative net can be fixed with iron anchor pole or band point bamboo let.Anchor pole or be 100cm * 100cm with the spacing of sharp bamboo let on side slope.
Three-dimension vegetative net 7 leans on the part on top, slope vertically will reserve the length of 30cm.
The matrix 8 that (5) will contain vegetable seeds through wet type whitewashing system sprays to three-dimension vegetative net 7, makes matrix fill up the hole of three-dimension vegetative net 7, and covers three vegetation and net 7 surfaces and be advisable.This layer of stromal thickness is generally about 5cm.
(6) wide to not destroying the about 30cm of excavation of massif 1 direction 50cm place on the top, slope, the overland flow that 30cm is dark is held back ditch 2, reserves the position of bottom of trench gutter.Gutter arranges that frequency is along one of sloping top horizontal direction 5m.It is real that the ditch diapire uses stone and cement to build, and is as the criterion to reach not seep water.After bottom of trench and the furrow bank construction that does not destroy the massif direction are accomplished, pre-buried PVC system gutter 4.Pre-buried bypass pipe.
(7) flatten with three-dimension vegetative net 7 reserving wire gauze 6 in abovementioned steps (2), (4), build short reinforcement walls 3 above that by laying bricks or stones, the wide about 24cm of reinforcement walls, high about 30cm.Reinforcement walls 3 bottoms are passed in 4 designs of PVC system gutter.
(8) collecting-tank 9 is built at the end, slope.Lean on a domatic side to build the V font and collect the weir, the scope of collecting the weir will contain the two ends of whole domatic reparation unit.Making collecting-tank 9 and Po Ding hold back ditch 2 through PVC system gutter stringing is communicated with.
The inventive method after seeding layer sprays and finishes, should be used macropore sunshade net covering protection in the early stage in implementation process, the stable recession of vegetation removes.To in time use the irrigation of spraying of water source in the collecting-tank at the plant growing initial stage, to guarantee plant Cheng Ping as early as possible.When storm rainfall is excessive, to open the top, slope and hold back the ditch bypass pipe, block the communicating pipe of holding back between ditch and collecting-tank, prevent that collecting-tank from overflowing because of water level is too high, causes secondary pollution to the downstream water body.
Claims (9)
1. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of a detrimental soil stone side slope, it is characterized in that: described side slope gradient is less than 60 °; To after the detrimental soil stone side slope arrangement, back down on the side slope slope and to dig surface flow and hold back ditch and build short reinforcement walls; Build collecting-tank at the end, slope, tube connector is set sloping top runoff is held back ditch and slope end collecting-tank connection; On compacting domatic, it is domatic to utilize iron anchor pole that galvanized wire mesh is fixed in, and carries out the soil moved in to improve the original whitewashing first time, plant is fitted give birth to matrix fully to fill up space off the net and forms the first floor hypothallus; Treat that the first floor hypothallus adheres to stable back and lays three-dimension vegetative net, carry out the alien earth sparging second time, the matrix that is mixed with vegetable seeds is distributed in the three-dimension vegetative net.
2. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of detrimental soil stone side slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described iron anchor pole forms through screw-thread steel is prefabricated, and rock-bolt length is at 50 ~ 100cm.
3. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of detrimental soil stone side slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described galvanized wire mesh adopts the square hole galvanized wire mesh.
4. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of detrimental soil stone side slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described three-dimension vegetative net is moulded the compacting of system net by multilayer and is formed, and wherein every layer all has pleated structure.
5. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of detrimental soil stone side slope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described reinforcement walls is built on the slope of galvanized wire mesh and three-dimension vegetative net and is pushed up on the end.
6. according to the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of the arbitrary described detrimental soil stone side slope of claim 1 to 5, it is characterized in that: described method comprises the steps:
(1) the arrangement side slope is removed residual rubble, foreign material, and big finger stone pricker lofty in the edge slope structure is gone out, and is compacted into comparatively smooth domatic behind the mechanical finishing;
(2) through the iron anchor pole of screw thread galvanized wire mesh is fixed on the side slope, galvanized wire mesh leans on the part on top, slope to reserve a segment length;
The matrix that (3) will not contain vegetable seeds through wet type whitewashing system sprays to wire gauze, and thick lid is crossed the wire gauze surface;
(4) treat that the first pass gunite surface is dried slightly, on side slope first floor hypothallus, lay three-dimension vegetative net, three-dimension vegetative net leans on the part on top, slope to reserve a segment length;
The matrix that (5) will contain vegetable seeds through wet type whitewashing system sprays to three-dimension vegetative net, makes matrix fill up the hole of three-dimension vegetative net, and covers the three-dimension vegetative net surface;
(6) do not hold back ditch on the top, slope to destroying massif direction place excavation overland flow, horizontal direction is by the pre-buried PVC system of determining deviation gutter along sloping top;
(7) in the slope is pushed up abovementioned steps (2), (4), reserve wire gauze and three-dimension vegetative net flattening, build short reinforcement walls above that by laying bricks or stones;
(8) collecting-tank is built at the end, slope, makes collecting-tank and Po Ding hold back ditch through PVC system gutter stringing and is communicated with.
7. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of detrimental soil stone side slope according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described three-dimension vegetative net is fixed with iron anchor pole or band point bamboo let.
8. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of detrimental soil stone side slope according to claim 6 is characterized in that: described collecting-tank leans on a domatic side to build the V font and collects the weir.
9. the restoration of the ecosystem structured approach of detrimental soil stone side slope according to claim 6 is characterized in that: top, described slope is held back ditch bypass pipe is set.
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