CN108049423B - Ecological landscape retaining wall - Google Patents
Ecological landscape retaining wall Download PDFInfo
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- CN108049423B CN108049423B CN201711439863.9A CN201711439863A CN108049423B CN 108049423 B CN108049423 B CN 108049423B CN 201711439863 A CN201711439863 A CN 201711439863A CN 108049423 B CN108049423 B CN 108049423B
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 67
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 54
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910001335 Galvanized steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000008397 galvanized steel Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 25
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004746 geotextile Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001653 ettringite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
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- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
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- 238000001223 reverse osmosis Methods 0.000 description 3
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Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D29/00—Independent underground or underwater structures; Retaining walls
- E02D29/02—Retaining or protecting walls
- E02D29/0225—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill
- E02D29/0233—Retaining or protecting walls comprising retention means in the backfill the retention means being anchors
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
- A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
- A01G9/022—Pots for vertical horticulture
- A01G9/025—Containers and elements for greening walls
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
- E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
- E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
- E02B3/06—Moles; Piers; Quays; Quay walls; Groynes; Breakwaters ; Wave dissipating walls; Quay equipment
- E02B3/066—Quays
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to an ecological landscape retaining wall, which comprises a frame beam, a plant growth tank and a slope retaining and reverse filtering structure; the frame beam is a frame structure consisting of longitudinal beams and transverse beams, a slope retaining and reverse filtering structure is arranged on the back surface of the frame structure, and a plant growth groove is arranged in the frame beam; the plant growth tank is composed of an inclined clapboard arranged between the frame beam longitudinal beams and a slope surface retaining and reverse filtering structure; the planting tank is filled with filling soil and is provided with a water drainage hole. Planting ecological landscape plants in the plant growth tank to afforest the slope; the vegetation growing tank forms a water and nutrient channel with a slope through the slope retaining inverted filter structure, the growth of vegetation is guaranteed, the survival rate of the vegetation is greatly improved, the inverted filter layer and the water drain hole are formed in the bottom of the vegetation growing tank, the accumulated water of the soil body on the back of the wall is effectively drained, and the stability of the slope is improved. The retaining wall has the characteristics of strong retaining capacity, wide adaptability, good landscape effect, remarkable economic benefit and the like, and is suitable for slope retaining engineering, hydraulic engineering and ecological landscape engineering.
Description
Technical Field
The invention discloses an ecological landscape retaining wall, belongs to the technology of geotechnical engineering slope protection, and mainly relates to a slope support engineering, a hydraulic engineering and an ecological landscape engineering, in particular to an ecological landscape retaining wall of a frame beam inclined clapboard plant-growing tank and a construction method.
Technical Field
The high side slope is inevitably formed in the construction of road engineering, building engineering and water conservancy engineering, the side slope is required to be supported, various types of retaining wall supporting technologies appear, the ecological slope protecting technology is increasingly emphasized along with the enhancement of national ecological civilized construction, numerous ecological slope protecting technologies appear in the side slope supporting technologies, common ecological supporting technologies mainly comprise vegetation bag ecological slope protection, prefabricated assembled block type retaining walls, gabion ecological retaining walls, geocell ecological retaining walls, spray seeding greening and the like, the slope gradient required by vegetation growth cannot be too steep, meanwhile, ecological vegetation is directly planted on slope soil bodies, soil bodies are easy to be unstable, the existing ecological supporting technologies are difficult to adapt to the engineering requirements when the slope is high and steep, the soil quality is slightly poor and the deformation control requirement is high, the application and popularization of the ecological supporting technologies are limited, the traditional non-ecological supporting technology is still adopted for the side slope with high difficulty, the most widely applied retaining walls comprise grid beam anchor rods, pile plates, anchor plates and the like, the traditional supporting technology is to prevent the surface of a slope from being washed and locally unstable, the slope surface between piles is generally hardened, the vegetation on the slope surface is difficult to grow, and the ecological environment is greatly damaged. Therefore, the ecology of the traditional supporting technology and the retaining wall greening technology are improved, and various fields are paid attention, in recent years, numerous treatment methods are provided, wherein the vertical greening technology for the supported retaining wall is widely applied, the vertical greening technology mainly comprises a climbing type, a hanging type, a lattice type, a modular type, a paving type and the like, the modular type (shown in an attached figure 7) and the paving type (shown in an attached figure 8) have good effects, the modular type and the paving type wall greening need to hang or pave culture mediums on the wall surface for plant growth and maintain vegetation survival with a drip irrigation system, the process is complex and high in manufacturing cost, and the stability, the safety, the irrigation and fertilization system of the greening structure need to be regularly checked and maintained, and the maintenance cost is high.
The modular wall greening is a vertical greening form for realizing wall greening by planting plants in the modular components. The modular system consists of square or rectangular plates that hold the media, most of the nutrients required for plant growth can be found in the media inside the module, and the irrigation pipes are distributed along the walls in layers.
The paving type wall greening is characterized in that a thin culture medium is directly adhered to the wall surface, then plants are planted, or a mixture mixed with soil, fertilizer, adhesive, plant seeds and other components is directly sprayed to the wall surface by adopting a spraying and sowing technology, so that a greening form of a planting system is formed on the wall surface.
The 'no-water no-landslide' construction is characterized in that in a side slope supporting project, rainwater seeping downwards from a slope body is drained, the shear strength of the soil body of the slope body is improved, and the stability of the side slope is enhanced.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, provides the ecological retaining wall with reasonable structure, strong retaining capability, wide adaptability, good landscape effect and obvious economic benefit, and solves the problems of insufficient ecological property and landscape property of the traditional retaining forms such as the prior side slope grid beam anchor rod retaining technology, the pile plate retaining technology and the like.
In order to achieve the purpose, the ecological landscape retaining wall provided by the invention comprises a frame beam, a vegetation groove and a slope retaining and reverse filtering structure; the frame beam is a frame structure consisting of longitudinal beams and transverse beams, a slope retaining and reverse filtering structure is arranged on the back surface of the frame structure, and a plant growth groove is arranged in the frame beam; the plant growth tank is composed of inclined partition plates and slope surface supporting and reverse filtering structures, the inclined partition plates are arranged along the longitudinal beam in the axial direction, the plane of each inclined partition plate is in an included angle beta with the horizontal plane, and the space formed by the adjacent inclined partition plates and the slope surface supporting and reverse filtering structures forms the plant growth tank; filling soil in the plant growing tank, wherein the plant growing tank is provided with a water drainage hole; the range of included angles β is: 30-60 degrees.
The slope supporting and reverse filtering structure is formed by sequentially overlapping a thick grid galvanized steel wire mesh, a thin grid galvanized steel wire mesh and a reverse filtering geotextile.
The plant growth tank forms a water and nutrient channel with the slope through the slope retaining and reverse filtering structure.
The inclined partition plates are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the longitudinal beams, and the inclined partition plates and the reverse filtering structure bear the soil pressure between the beams together.
The horizontal height of the upper end face of the inclined partition plate below is at least 100mm higher than the horizontal height of the lower end face of the inclined partition plate above, and the filling soil in the vegetation groove completely covers the slope surface supporting and reverse filtering structure.
The filling soil in the plant growing tank comprises a plant growing matrix and a reverse filtering layer, and landscape vegetation is planted in the plant growing tank; the plant growth substrate adopts cohesive soil, and 5% of organic fertilizer, 0.8% o of water-retaining agent and 0.8-1.2% o of adhesive are added.
The reverse filter layer is composed of sand gravel, and the volume of the sand gravel accounts for 1/3-1/2 of the total filling soil in the vegetation tank; the reverse osmosis layer is arranged at the bottom of the plant growing tank and is filled with plant growing medium.
And a water retention bag is also arranged in the plant growth tank, and is filled with a water retention material, wherein the water retention material is selected from one of calcium sulphoaluminate, ettringite and super absorbent resin.
A water drain pipe is arranged in a water drain hole of the vegetation tank, one end of the water drain pipe is a water filtering section, the water filtering section extends into the filling soil in the vegetation tank, the other end of the water drain pipe is a water outlet, and the water outlet extends to the edge of the frame beam; the periphery of the water filtering section pipe of the water drain pipe is provided with seepage holes, the periphery of the water filtering section pipe of the water drain pipe is coated with anti-filtration cloth, the water drain pipe is inclined towards the outside of the plant growth tank, the inclination of the inclination P is not less than 10%, the vegetation in the plant growth tank at the lower layer can be drip-irrigated when the water drainage amount is small, and the accumulated water can be separated from the plant growth tank when the water amount is large.
The bottom of the frame beam is provided with a retaining wall foundation, the upper part of the frame beam is provided with a capping beam, and the frame beam is fixedly connected with a slope body through a steel bar anchor rod (cable) arranged in a rock-soil layer of the slope body.
The ecological landscape retaining wall provided by the invention is characterized in that a vegetation groove is filled with soil, the upper layer is filled with nutrient soil, the lower layer is filled with a reversed filter layer, drain holes are arranged in the middle of the reversed filter layer, a steel wire mesh of a filter structure is formed by matching the thickness of a double-layer galvanized steel wire mesh, the size of the mesh is set according to the soil layer condition, and a reversed filter cloth (geotextile) is arranged behind the mesh to prevent a slope soil body from losing from the space between the meshes.
The frame beam consists of a horizontal cross beam and a vertical longitudinal beam, the frame beam is formed by cast-in-place of reinforced concrete, and an anchor rod (cable) is arranged at the joint of the cross beam and the longitudinal beam; the frame beam transmits the load to the anchor rod, and the end part of the anchor rod is anchored into the frame beam and meets the anchoring requirement.
The top of the frame beam is provided with a capping beam, the bottom is provided with a foundation, and the foundation is buried in the old soil.
Stock interval, length and muscle material sectional area calculate according to the slope body is stable to be reachd, and the stock should adopt earlier the pore-forming, puts into the hole with the reinforcing bar, injects cement mortar between stock and ground layer, sets up the centering isolation support along body of rod axis direction, ensures that the reinforcing bar is wrapped up by the mortar, satisfies protective layer thickness requirement.
The inclined partition plates between the frame beams are formed by adopting reinforced concrete and the frame beams to be cast in situ together, the reinforcing steel bars of the inclined partition plates are anchored into the longitudinal beams of the frame beams, and the frame beams are not exposed in the front and the back of the inclined partition plates.
The upper and lower plates of adjacent inclined partition plates are arranged in parallel and are parallel to the cross beam; the inclined partition plate mainly bears the dead weight, the soil filling weight of the vegetation groove and the soil pressure of the slope body part, and the reinforcing bars of the inclined partition plate are calculated according to the design of the unidirectional plate.
The water retention bag arranged in the plant growth tank regulates the water content of the plant growth matrix and ensures the water content of the vegetation in the drought period; in arid regions, a drip irrigation system or artificial irrigation can be additionally arranged to maintain slope vegetation.
The plant growing tank is used for planting ecological vegetation and plays roles in greening and stabilizing the side slope.
A double-layer galvanized steel wire mesh and a reverse filter cloth are arranged between the frame beam and the slope surface, the galvanized steel wire mesh is fully distributed on the slope surface, the galvanized steel wire mesh is divided into a coarse grid galvanized steel wire mesh and a fine grid galvanized steel wire mesh, and the galvanized steel wire mesh can meet the requirement of corrosion resistance; sewing the adjacent galvanized steel wire meshes to form a whole; the reverse filtering cloth is arranged under the galvanized steel wire net and has certain strength, so that the slope soil body can be prevented from losing from the steel wires.
The top of the slope is provided with a water intercepting ditch, the bottom of the slope is provided with a drainage ditch, and when the slope section is longer, a rapid trough is arranged.
The frame beam should be calculated according to the atress and dispose the reinforcing bar, and stock length, thickness and prestressing force size should set up according to slope body stability requirement.
The retaining wall is constructed in a layered mode by adopting a reverse construction method and is suitable for slope supporting engineering with any gradient.
The shape of a transverse frame beam of a frame beam is changed, an inclined partition plate is arranged between the frame beams, and a vegetation groove is formed among the inclined partition plate, the frame beam and a slope surface retaining and reverse filtering structure; backfilling nutrient soil and a reversed filter layer in the plant growth groove; the technical scheme of planting landscape vegetation in the backfill soil of the plant growth groove; has the following advantages:
1. the inclined partition plate can bear the soil pressure between the frame beams, the stability of a soil body between the beams is improved, meanwhile, a vegetation groove is formed between the inclined partition plate and the frame beams and between the inclined partition plate and the slope retaining reverse filtering structure, a plant growth matrix filling space is provided for retaining wall greening, and compared with traditional wall greening, a wall hanging planting container is not needed. The thickness of the plant growth substrate of the plant growth tank is thicker, which is beneficial to the survival and growth of the vegetation. The retaining wall is skillfully provided with the plant growth groove, so that the landscape property and the ecological environmental protection property are better.
2. The plant growth groove forms a water and nutrient channel with the slope through the slope retaining inverse filtering structure, and the slope volume water can permeate into the plant growth groove through the slope retaining inverse filtering structure to supply water and nutrients for soil filling of the plant growth groove and irrigate landscape vegetation planted in the plant growth groove.
3. The anti-filtering cloth is arranged behind the retaining wall vegetation groove, the anti-filtering cloth is fixed by a steel wire mesh, the whole slope surface forms a slope water drainage surface, the drainage area of the slope body is greatly increased, the possibility of hole blocking water accumulation does not exist, the slope water accumulation can easily seep into the vegetation groove, and the purpose of maintaining and improving the stability of the side slope is achieved by filling the anti-filtering layer at the bottom of the vegetation groove and draining the excessive water through a drain pipe.
4. The retaining wall vegetation groove is filled with soil and is provided with connectivity with a slope body soil layer, vegetation root systems can enter the slope body through the steel wire mesh, the vegetation root systems have certain reinforcing effect on the slope body, the shear strength of the soil body is improved, meanwhile, the slope body also provides growth nutrients for the growth of vegetation, and the vegetation survival and the growth are facilitated.
5. The water retaining bag is arranged in the vegetation tank, the inorganic water retaining bag can absorb water when the moisture of the vegetation tank is sufficient, and can supplement the moisture of the nutrient soil during drought to form a small reservoir in the vegetation tank, so that the aim of adjusting the moisture of the nutrient soil in the vegetation tank is fulfilled, and the irrigation and maintenance cost of vegetation is reduced.
6. The thick-grid galvanized steel wire mesh and the thin-grid galvanized steel wire mesh are arranged between the frame beam and the slope surface to stabilize the soil body between the frames, the soil pressure between the frames acts on the galvanized steel wire mesh, the galvanized steel wire mesh transmits the soil pressure to the inclined partition plate and then transmits the soil pressure to the frame beam, and the frame beam transmits the downward sliding force to the deep rock-soil layer of the slope body through the anchor rod so as to achieve the purpose of integrally stabilizing the slope body.
7. The frame beam inclined partition planting groove ecological retaining wall provided by the invention adopts the frame beams and the anchor rods as the bearing frameworks, can easily resist the horizontal load of a slope body by adjusting the number and the length of the anchor rods so as to meet the requirement of the stability of the side slope, and adopts the inclined partition plates, the steel wire meshes, the inverted filter layers and the inverted filter cloth to stabilize the soil body between the beams.
In conclusion, the retaining wall has the characteristics of strong retaining capacity, wide adaptability, good landscape effect, remarkable economic benefit and the like, and can be widely used for slope retaining engineering and ecological landscape engineering.
Drawings
Figure 1 is a side view of an ecological landscape retaining wall.
Fig. 2 is an elevation view of the ecological landscape retaining wall.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view of an ecological landscape retaining wall frame beam and an inclined clapboard frame.
Fig. 4 is a side view of the reinforcement of the ecological landscape retaining wall.
FIG. 5 is a schematic view of filling soil for the retaining wall and protecting the slope surface of the groove back.
Fig. 6 is a schematic view of a drain hole structure.
Fig. 7 is a schematic view of a prior art modular wall greening structure.
FIG. 8 is a schematic view of a conventional paved wall greening structure.
In the figure:
100 inclined partition board
101 vegetation trough
102 beam
103 weep hole
104 capping beam
105 anchor rod (Cable)
106 retaining wall foundation
107 drainage ditch
108 landscape greening vegetation
109 wall top guard rail
110 catch water drain
111 longitudinal beam
201 anchor rod (cable) drilling hole
202 anchor rod (cable) grouting body
203 anchor rod reinforcement
204 anchor rod centering isolation support
205 anchor rod end is bent up
301 plant growth substrate
302 inverted filter
303 coarse grid galvanized steel wire mesh
304 fine-grid galvanized steel wire mesh
305 reverse filter cloth
306 reinforcing mesh U-shaped fixing nail
307 water-retaining bag
401 drain pipe filter cloth
402 weep pipe body weeping hole
403 drain pipe body
501 wall body
502 drip irrigation pipe
503 module
504 horizontal purlin
505 eyelet
506 waterproof layer
507 vertical channel
601 wall body
602 drip irrigation pipe
603 partition board
604 backing
605 waterproof layer
Detailed Description
The proportion, size, structure, reinforcing bars, construction method and the like drawn by the attached drawings of the invention are all matched with the specification to disclose the main principle and key technical points of the invention, and any change and adjustment of size, decoration and proportion are considered to be within the coverage range of the support technology of the invention without affecting the effect and the achievable purpose of the invention.
The following detailed description of embodiments of the invention refers to the accompanying drawings.
Referring to the attached figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6, the ecological retaining wall provided by the invention comprises a frame beam, a plant growth tank 101 and a slope surface supporting and reverse filtering structure; the slope supporting and reverse filtering structure is formed by sequentially overlapping a thick grid galvanized steel wire mesh 303, a thin grid galvanized steel wire mesh 304 and reverse filtering geotextile 305; the frame beam is a frame structure consisting of longitudinal beams 111 and cross beams 102, a slope retaining and reverse filtering structure is arranged on the back of the frame structure, and a plant growth groove 101 is arranged in the frame beam; the vegetation groove 101 is composed of inclined partition plates 100 and slope retaining and reverse filtering structures, the inclined partition plates 100 are arranged between longitudinal beams 111 of a frame beam, the inclined partition plates 100 are uniformly arranged along the axial direction of the longitudinal beams 111, the plane of each inclined partition plate 100 and the horizontal plane form an included angle beta, a cavity formed by adjacent inclined partition plates and the slope retaining and reverse filtering structures is the vegetation groove 101, and the vegetation groove 101 forms a water and nutrient channel through the slope retaining and reverse filtering structures and slope ecological side guards; the horizontal height of the upper end surface of the inclined partition plate positioned below is at least 100mm higher than that of the lower end surface of the inclined partition plate positioned above; filling soil into the plant growing tank 101, wherein the soil comprises a plant growing matrix 301 and an inverted filter layer 302, landscape vegetation is planted in the plant growing tank, the inverted filter layer 302 is composed of sand gravel, and the volume of the sand gravel accounts for 1/3-1/2 of the total soil filled in the plant growing tank 101; the reverse osmosis layer 302 is positioned at the bottom of the plant growing tank 101, and a plant growing matrix 301 is filled on the reverse osmosis layer; a water retaining bag 307 is also arranged in the plant growing tank 101, and water retaining materials are filled in the water retaining bag 307; the vegetation tank 101 is provided with a drainage hole 103; a drain pipe 403 is arranged in the drain hole 103, one end of the drain pipe 403 is a water filtering section, the water filtering section extends into the soil filling in the vegetation tank 101, the other end of the drain pipe is a water outlet, and the water outlet extends to the side of the frame beam; the periphery of the water filtering section of the drain pipe 403 is provided with seepage holes 402, the periphery of the water filtering section of the drain pipe 403 is coated with a filter cloth 401, the drain pipe is inclined towards the outside of the plant growth tank, the inclination of the inclination P is not less than 10%, the vegetation in the plant growth tank at the lower layer can be drip-irrigated when the drainage quantity is small, and the accumulated water can be discharged from the plant growth tank when the water quantity is large.
The bottom of the frame beam is provided with a retaining wall foundation 106, the upper part of the frame beam is provided with a capping beam 104, and the frame beam is fixedly connected with a slope body through a steel bar anchor rod (cable) 105 arranged in a rock and soil layer of the slope body.
In this embodiment, the included angle β is 45 °; the water-retaining material is calcium sulphoaluminate.
The preparation process of the ecological landscape retaining wall provided by the invention is briefly described as follows:
referring to the attached drawings 1, 2, 3 and 4, the ecological retaining wall is suitable for various rocky or soil slopes, when the soil condition of the slopes is poor, the slopes should be subjected to appropriate slope-releasing support, the slopes can be guaranteed to meet the self-stability state without support when being excavated in a layered mode, the layering height of the slopes is based on the vertical distance of anchor rods and is generally not more than 2.0m, the ecological retaining wall can be adjusted appropriately according to the soil condition, and the slopes should be leveled after being excavated in a layered mode.
After the slope body is excavated in a layered mode, a first layer of anchor rods 105 is arranged, the thickness of an overlying soil layer of the anchor bodies of the first row of anchor rods is not smaller than 4.0m, the thickness of an overlying rock layer is not smaller than 2.0m, the position of the first row of anchor rods can be arranged at a position 1.5m-2m below the top of the slope, the distance between the anchor rods is preferably 1.0 m-3.0 m, and the distance is not larger than half of the length of the anchor rods; the anchor rod pore-forming aperture, the hole site and the inclination angle require construction according to anchor rod design parameters, and construction allowable deviation: the length L of the anchor rod is +/-30 mm, the aperture is +/-5 mm, the hole position is +/-20 mm, and the hole forming inclination angle is +/-1%.
The anchor rod is used for forming a hole, the aperture D of the anchor rod drilling hole 201 is not smaller than 100mm, and the inclination angle alpha of the anchor rod is preferably 10-35 degrees in order to facilitate grouting compaction; the length L of the anchor rod is set according to the requirement of the retaining wall stability, and the drilling depth exceeds the designed length T of the anchor rod and is not less than 0.5 m.
The anchor rod reinforcing material 203 should have sufficient strength, rigidity, toughness and durability, should satisfy withdrawal resistance checking requirement, and anchor rod reinforcing bar area is no more than 20% of drilling area, and anchor rod reinforcing bar diameter should not be less than 20mm, and when anchor rod axial force is great or need apply prestressing force can change the anchor rod into the anchor rope, body of rod reinforcing material adopts the steel strand wires.
The thickness of the anchor rod steel bar protective layer is not less than 25mm, the steel bars are arranged straightly according to a certain rule, a centering isolation bracket 204 is arranged along the axis direction of the rod body every 1.0-1.5 m and is welded with the anchor rod steel bars, and the diameter phi of the isolation bracket steel bars is 8-12 mm.
Grouting treatment is carried out between the anchor rod reinforcing material and the drilled hole, the unconfined compressive strength of 28d of the grouting body 202 is not lower than 25MPa, secondary grouting is adopted for the anchor rod, and cement mortar with the sand-lime ratio of 1: 1-1.2 and the water-cement ratio of 0.45-0.50 or pure cement slurry with the water-cement ratio of 0.45-0.50 is preferably used for grouting of the anchor rod.
After the construction of the anchor rod is completed, the slope surface is respectively paved with the anti-filtration cloth 305, the fine-grid galvanized steel wire mesh 304 and the coarse-grid galvanized steel wire mesh 303 from bottom to top, the anti-filtration cloth has enough strength to prevent various losses of a slope body soil layer from the steel wire mesh, and the anti-filtration cloth is not required to be arranged when the slope is a rocky slope. The steel wire diameter of the thick graticule mesh laid on the slope surface should not be less than 8mm, the graticule mesh is not more than 200mm x 200mm, the steel wire diameter of the thin graticule mesh should not be less than 3.5mm, the graticule mesh should not be greater than 35mm x 35mm, the steel wire should satisfy the anti-corrosion requirement, adopt 8 mm's the steel wire of sewing up to sew up between the adjacent galvanized steel wire net, form wholly.
The galvanized steel wire mesh is temporarily fixed by U-shaped fixing nails 306, the diameter of the U-shaped nail steel bar is not smaller than 10mm, the diameter of the U-shaped nail steel bar is not smaller than 500mm when the U-shaped nail steel bar is inserted into soil, and expansion bolts can be used for replacing the U-shaped nail steel bar when a slope body is a rock slope.
The galvanized steel wire mesh is externally provided with a frame beam, the frame beam is composed of a horizontal cross beam 102 and a vertical longitudinal beam 111, the intersection point of the frame beam is connected with the anchor rod to form a soil retaining system, the end of the anchor rod is bent and anchored into the frame beam, and the length of the bent anchor rod 205 is not less than 35 times of the diameter of the anchor rod steel bar.
The cross section height of the horizontal cross beam 102 is not smaller than 400mm, the width is not smaller than 250mm, the cross beam and the inclined partition plate are arranged in parallel, the cross beam is a transverse main stress component of the retaining wall, the cross beam calculates beam body reinforcement according to a continuous beam by taking an anchor rod as a fulcrum, a soil-back side main reinforcement and a soil-back side main reinforcement are respectively arranged on the soil-back side and the soil-back side of the beam, a structural reinforcement is arranged on the beam waist, stirrups are arranged, and the strength of the beam body concrete is not lower than C30.
The vertical longitudinal beam 111 is not smaller than 400mm in cross-section height and not smaller than 300mm in width, is arranged perpendicular to the ground, is a vertical main stress component of the retaining wall, is also used as a fulcrum to calculate beam body reinforcement according to a continuous beam, is respectively provided with a main reinforcement at the soil side and a main reinforcement at the soil back side of the beam, is provided with a structural reinforcement at the beam waist and is provided with a stirrup, and the strength of the beam body concrete is not lower than C30.
Frame roof beam top sets up capping beam 104, and the capping beam height is unanimous with the frame roof beam, and lower bottom surface is parallel with the inclined partition board, and the outside width is not less than 200mm, and the interior limit width should not be less than 300mm, and the capping beam is the structure facility, disposes capping beam back of the body soil side reinforcing bar respectively, capping beam lean on soil side reinforcing bar, capping beam structure reinforcing bar, capping beam stirrup, and the cross-section reinforcement should satisfy the reinforcement rate requirement, and roof beam concrete intensity is not less than C30.
The frame beam retaining wall foundation 106 is arranged at the bottom of the frame beam, the height of the foundation is not less than 500mm, the bottom area of the foundation is not less than 500mm multiplied by 500mm, the burial depth of the foundation is not less than 500mm, the foundation is buried in an old soil layer, the main ribs of the frame beam are anchored into the foundation and meet the anchoring requirement, and the concrete strength of the frame beam is not lower than C30.
The beam-to-beam swash plates 100 are arranged between the frame beam longitudinal beams 111, and the swash plates have more prominent functions. Firstly, the inclined partition plate and the slope surface can form a plant growth groove, vegetation planted in the plant growth groove can effectively obtain soil and water nutrients in soil of the slope body, the survival rate of the vegetation is improved, and the root system of the vegetation can also enter the slope body to achieve the effect of stabilizing the slope body; secondly, the inclined partition plates and the soil filling of the plant growing grooves can reversely press the galvanized steel wire meshes between the frames, and the galvanized steel wire meshes and the reverse filter cloth between the frames are cooperated to bear the pressure of the soil body of the compartment; in addition, the partition plates are arranged in an open mode, the volume water of the back slope of the wall can timely permeate into the redundant seepage water of the vegetation tank, and the slope body is discharged through the inverted filter layer of the vegetation tank, so that the stability of the slope body is improved.
The distance v between the inclined partition plates is uniform, the distance v between the inclined partition plates is 300-500 mm, a certain overlap length S is required between the upper inclined partition plate and the lower inclined partition plate, the value of the overlap length S is not less than 100mm, and the fact that the filling soil of the plant growing tank can effectively cover the net surface of the galvanized steel wire is ensured.
The included angle beta between the inclined partition boards and the horizontal plane is preferably 30-60 degrees, the vegetation greening effect and the soil retaining requirement are comprehensively considered, and the inclined partition board inclination angles are selected according to the parameters of the soil filling depth, the height of the frame beam, the space between the inclined partition boards, the space between the anchor rods and the like.
The horizontal projection width of the inclined partition plate is consistent with that of the frame beam and is not less than 400mm, and the plate thickness of the frame beam is not less than 150 mm.
The inclined partition plate is preferably formed by cast-in-place of reinforced concrete and the frame beam, the front and the back of the inclined partition plate and the frame beam are kept on the same plane, the concrete grade is not lower than C30, and longitudinal stress steel bars of the inclined partition plate are anchored into the vertical longitudinal beams and meet the requirements of anchoring and stress.
The inclined partition plate is mainly configured with longitudinal stress reinforcing steel bars and transverse distribution reinforcing steel bars, the stress reinforcing steel bars are configured according to stress calculation, the diameter of the transverse distribution reinforcing steel bars is not less than 10mm, and the thickness of a protective layer of the reinforcing steel bars is not less than 35 mm.
The inclined partition plate mainly bears the loads of the inclined partition plate, the self weight, the filling weight of the plant growing groove and partial soil pressure transmitted by the galvanized steel wire mesh behind the plate, the load is transmitted to the vertical longitudinal beam, and the calculation of the longitudinal stress reinforcement of the inclined partition plate is calculated according to the unidirectional plate. And (4) considering load calculation safety, considering that the earth pressure behind the plate is borne by the plate completely, taking the maximum earth pressure at the slope bottom for checking calculation, and calculating reinforcement by layers when the slope height is larger, without considering the action and the earth arch effect of the galvanized steel wire mesh behind the plate.
The bottom 1/4 of the inclined partition board is provided with a drain hole 103, the pipe material 403 of the drain hole is preferably a PVC pipe with the diameter of 50mm-70mm and the wall thickness of not less than 5mm, the drain pipe water filtering section is drilled with a water seepage hole 402 on the pipe body, the hole diameter is preferably 10mm, the quantity meets the requirement of water seepage, the drain pipe water filtering section is externally coated with a reverse filter cloth 401 to prevent the soil filling loss of the plant growth tank, the drain pipe inclines towards the outside of the plant growth tank, the inclination slope P is not less than 10%, the pipe orifice of the drain pipe slightly exceeds the frame beam, so that accumulated water can be separated from the plant growth tank, and the attractiveness is not influenced.
Soil required by planting ecological vegetation is filled in the vegetation grooves, a plant growth substrate 301 is filled on the soil filling upper layer of the vegetation grooves and is mainly used for planting vegetation, the thickness of the plant growth substrate is 2/3 of total filling soil, cohesive soil is adopted, 5% of organic fertilizer, 0.8% o of water-retaining agent and 0.8-1.2% o of adhesive are added, and the plant growth substrate can be properly adjusted and added according to needs to ensure the growth of the vegetation.
The plant growing tank is internally provided with a water retention bag to meet the requirement that the vegetation can normally grow in the drought period, and the water retention material is selected from one of calcium sulphoaluminate, ettringite and super absorbent resin and is proper in size; in arid areas, a burette system or artificial irrigation can be additionally arranged to maintain slope vegetation.
The inverted filter layer 302 is arranged under the filling soil in the vegetation groove and is mainly used for removing slope volume water, the thickness of the inverted filter layer is 1/3 of total filling soil, sand gravel is adopted for filling, the inverted filter layer can effectively prevent water and soil loss, and the slope volume water is drained in time.
The ecological greening vegetation 108 in the vegetation tank should be suitable for growth conditions, should be selected from perennial local vegetation which is easy to survive, fast to grow and has developed root systems, or should be selected according to landscape needs.
And for the construction of the excavation side slope from top to bottom in a layered mode, the next construction under the working condition can be carried out after the anchor rod and the frame beam on the upper layer reach 75% of the design strength.
The invention is also suitable for filling side slopes, anchor rods of the filling side slopes are replaced by anchor plates and pull rods, filling soil behind the retaining wall is compacted in a layering manner, and the retaining wall is constructed in a layering manner from bottom to top.
After the retaining wall finishes a main supporting structure, auxiliary facilities such as a slope bottom drainage ditch 107, a slope top intercepting ditch 110, a torrent tank, a slope top guardrail 109 and the like are further constructed, and the cross section of the drainage ditch and the slope of the ditch bottom meet the requirements of collecting and draining accumulated water on site.
Claims (7)
1. An ecological landscape retaining wall comprises a frame beam, a plant growth tank and a slope retaining and reverse filtering structure; the method is characterized in that: the frame beam is a frame structure consisting of longitudinal beams and transverse beams, a slope retaining and reverse filtering structure is arranged on the back surface of the frame structure, and a plant growth groove is arranged in the frame beam; the plant growth tank is composed of inclined partition plates and a slope surface supporting and reverse filtering structure, the inclined partition plates are arranged along the longitudinal beam in the axial direction, the plane of each inclined partition plate is in an included angle beta with the horizontal plane, and a cavity formed by the adjacent inclined partition plates and the slope surface supporting and reverse filtering structure is the plant growth tank; filling soil in the plant growing tank, wherein the plant growing tank is provided with a water drainage hole; the slope supporting and reverse filtering structure is formed by sequentially overlapping a thick grid galvanized steel wire mesh, a thin grid galvanized steel wire mesh and reverse filtering geotextile; the plant growth tank forms a water and nutrient channel with the slope through the slope retaining and reverse filtering structure; the inclined partition plates are evenly arranged along the axial direction of the longitudinal beams, and the inclined partition plates and the slope retaining and reverse filtering structure bear the soil pressure between the beams together.
2. The ecological landscape retaining wall of claim 1, wherein: the horizontal height of the upper end face of the inclined partition plate positioned below is at least 100mm higher than that of the lower end face of the inclined partition plate positioned above.
3. The ecological landscape retaining wall of claim 1, wherein: the filling soil in the plant growing tank comprises a plant growing substrate and a reverse filtering layer, and landscape vegetation is planted in the plant growing tank.
4. The ecological landscape retaining wall of claim 3, wherein: the reverse filtering layer is composed of sand gravel; the inverted filter layer is arranged at the bottom of the plant growing tank and is filled with plant growing medium.
5. The ecological landscape retaining wall of claim 1, wherein: and a water retention bag is also arranged in the plant growth tank, and is filled with a water retention material, wherein the water retention material is selected from one of calcium sulphoaluminate, ettringite and super absorbent resin.
6. The ecological landscape retaining wall of claim 1, wherein: the plant growing tank is characterized in that a drain pipe is arranged in a drain hole of the plant growing tank, one end of the drain pipe is a water filtering section, the water filtering section extends into the filling soil in the plant growing tank, the other end of the drain pipe is a water outlet, and the water outlet extends to the edge of the frame beam.
7. An ecological landscape retaining wall according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein: the frame beam is fixedly connected with the slope body through a steel bar anchor rod or a steel bar anchor cable arranged in the rock-soil layer of the slope body.
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| CN108551923A (en) * | 2018-05-21 | 2018-09-21 | 中铁西北科学研究院有限公司 | Abrupt slope planting unit in anchored frame |
| CN109463174A (en) * | 2018-12-25 | 2019-03-15 | 安徽泽生态建设有限公司 | A kind of vertical greening device |
| CN109695254A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-04-30 | 浙江交工集团股份有限公司 | A kind of road shoulder soil blocking component afforested and its construction method |
| CN109750689A (en) * | 2019-03-07 | 2019-05-14 | 浙江交工集团股份有限公司 | A kind of Study on Reinforced Embankments Using soil blocking component afforested and its construction method |
| CN111005403A (en) * | 2019-12-27 | 2020-04-14 | 广西科技大学 | Assembled three-dimensional reinforced earth retaining wall and construction method thereof |
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| CN202809644U (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2013-03-20 | 重庆市市政设计研究院 | Ecological pile-plank retaining wall |
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