CN113668573B - Water and soil co-storage and ecological slope protection method for karst sloping field and stony desertification side slope - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for water and soil co-storage and ecological slope protection of karst sloping fields and stony desertification side slopes, wherein small anchor rods are arranged on the sloping surfaces of the karst sloping fields and the stony desertification side slopes line by line, soil retaining plates are placed in front of the small anchor rods to form plate grooves, and cofferdams or baffles are arranged at two ends of the plate grooves; arranging a rain collecting surface material on the slope surface between the plate grooves to collect rain; laying an anti-leakage cushion layer in each stage of plate groove, arranging a plurality of grid plates fixed with a plurality of water absorbing belts in advance at a certain height in the plate groove, leaning against the soil retaining plate and the slope surface so as to keep stability, filling planting soil on the grid plates to form a planting layer, and taking the water storage cavity space below the grid plates as a water storage layer; plants with long roots and developed main root systems are planted in the planting soil layer, and short root system plants are used for assistance. The invention integrates the rain collection and rain accumulation of the slope surfaces of the karst sloping field and the stony desertification side slope, realizes the water and soil co-storage and water and soil conservation of the karst sloping field and the stony desertification side slope, and the ecological slope protection and ecological environment reconstruction, saves the treatment cost and simplifies the treatment method.

Description

Methods of soil and water co-storage and ecological slope protection for karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes

technical field

The invention belongs to the field of ecological slope protection treatment and ecological environment reconstruction of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes, and particularly relates to a method and device for water and soil co-storage and ecological slope protection of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes.

Background technique

At present, in the humid area of southern my country, the long-term karst of carbonate rocks and the large area of bedrock or rock piles are exposed on the surface, and the surface and underground leakage of slope water and soil are serious, resulting in the formation of rocky desertification and ecological environment degradation. There are two types of soil loss in karst slopes: ground loss and underground loss. On the slopes of pure carbonate rock with the development of ravines, troughs and depressions and serious petrification, underground leakage is the main way of soil loss. Karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes lack soil or the soil structure is extremely loose and the soil layer is shallow, and water will be lost rapidly. Even if the slopes are turned into terraces, serious surface soil erosion and groundwater leakage will occur. Human activities such as vegetation destruction and land reclamation destroy the root pockets of plant roots, increase the infiltration loss of runoff, promote the erosion of underground pipes and the subsidence of the overlying soil, and accelerate the underground leakage of soil and the lithification of the land. In the rainy season, there are often dry periods in which evaporation is greater than precipitation, resulting in seasonal soil drought. These all restrict the vegetation restoration of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes to a great extent.

Therefore, it is necessary to study the methods and devices for soil and water co-storage and ecological slope protection suitable for karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes, to reduce soil erosion, especially to increase their water holding capacity, water retention function and improve their ability to adapt to plant growth. With soil and water suitable for the rapid and stable growth of vegetation, vegetation can recover in a short period of time, and a virtuous cycle of vegetation recovery can be ensured. In order to achieve this goal, the two key technical problems of rain collection and accumulation of rain on karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes must be solved. In the rain collection and accumulation of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes, the most important problem is the construction of the rain collection surface and the rain accumulation section. In the selection of rain-collecting surfaces on slopes, some common rain-collecting surface materials at home and abroad include concrete, cement soil, Panax notoginseng soil, plastic film, linoleum, etc. There are also some high-cost chemicals such as paraffin, asphalt, rubber, etc. Materials, also use lichen and moss as rain-collecting surface materials, and also use high molecular polymers such as soil curing agent, silicone, resin, etc. as rain-collecting surface materials. In the construction of the rain section, the karst fracture channels will continue to develop with the time of water action. Because the distribution law of the karst channels cannot be found, it is difficult for grouting to plug leaks.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention is to aim at the deficiencies of the prior art, provide a kind of method of water and soil co-storage and ecological slope protection of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes, so as to achieve the slope rain collection and accumulation of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes The integration of rainwater can realize the co-storage and water and soil conservation of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes, realize ecological slope protection management and ecological environment reconstruction, and at the same time save management costs and simplify management methods.

The method for water and soil co-storage and ecological slope protection of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes provided by the present invention includes the following contents:

(1) Set small bolts row by row on the slopes of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes that require vegetation restoration, erect retaining plates in front of each row of small bolts, and use the retaining plates and the slope in front of the retaining plates. There are slab troughs distributed in steps along the slope surface, and cofferdams or baffles with a certain height are set at both ends of the slab trough to store rainwater of a certain depth and overflow to discharge excess storm water; karst between the slab troughs Rain-collecting surface materials are set on slopes and rocky desertification slopes as artificial rain-collecting surfaces;

(2) Lay an anti-leakage cushion in each level of the slab groove, and set up a grid plate with multiple water absorption belts pre-fixed at a certain height in the plate groove. Stable, fill the planting soil on the grid plate to form the planting layer, and the water storage cavity space under the grid plate serves as the water storage layer;

(3) Planting plants with developed long roots and main root systems in the planting soil layer, supplemented by plants with short root systems, and using the long and main root systems (ie root plugs) of the plants to drill holes in karst channels or rock mass fissures to block leaks. The short root system is used to hold the soil to form a root-soil cushion or root pocket, so as to further help realize the co-storage of water and soil on karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes, and restrain water and soil leakage. Climbing plants planted in slab troughs, such as creepers, climb the slopes for vegetation coverage, and combine with slab trough vegetation to achieve ecological slope protection.

Further, in the step (1), the retaining plate is a concrete prefabricated plate or an anti-corrosion grid plate, the length is preferably 2 to 3 meters, the width is generally not less than 50 cm, and the thickness is not less than 5 cm.

Further, the rain-collecting surface material described in step (1) is two cloths and one film on the karst slope and the rocky desertification slope, sprayed concrete layer, sprayed cement-soil layer, sprayed organic silica, microbial bacteria liquid and One of the cementitious liquid mixed with sprayed soil, or vegetation cushion (vegetation blanket); the vegetation cushion (vegetation blanket) is a cloth that is a non-woven fabric or a second cloth that is climbed on the slope by the climbing plants in the slab groove. Formed on a cloth-film. The function of the artificial rain collecting surface on the karst slope and rocky desertification slope is to increase the rain collecting effect and reduce the rainfall leakage on the slope.

Further, in step (1), the horizontal spacing of the small bolts is preferably 1 to 1.5 meters, and anti-corrosion treatment is performed in advance, for example, the part of the exposed bedrock is brushed with anti-corrosion coating paint and asphalt.

Further, in step (2), the planting soil layer is filled to the top of the concrete slab on the grating plate which is leaning on the earth retaining plate and the slope surface so as to maintain stability, and is slightly compacted.

Further, in step (1), the height of the cofferdam or the baffle plate is sufficient to enable the plate groove to store rainwater of a certain depth and overflow to discharge excess storm water.

Further, the planting soil layer in step (2) is composed of cultivated soil, a little peat soil, and a little material with a water-retaining function.

Further, after the planting soil is filled in step (2), materials such as straw, dry grass, leaves or gravel are laid on the surface of the planting layer as a covering layer to reduce evaporation and soil erosion.

Further, in step (2), the anti-leakage cushion layer can be two cloths and one membrane (non-woven fabric sandwiching waterproof membrane), concrete, cement soil, di-lime soil, tri-lime soil or microbial mineralized soil, etc.

Further, in step (2), the grid plate is an engineering plastic grid plate or a grid plate of metal or other materials that has undergone anti-corrosion treatment, such as bamboo rafts that have been brushed with anti-corrosion paint.

Further, the multi-channel water-absorbing belts fixed on the grid plate described in step (2) are 1-2 cm wide dense strips with strong capillary force woven with nylon, polyester or polypropylene webbing, etc., and the horizontal spacing should be About 20 cm.

Further, described in step (3), the plant that long root and main root system are developed are shrubs such as bougainvillea or the well-developed vetiver grass of root system, and described short root system plant is creeper, begonia flower or cactus, imperial bamboo grass, alfalfa , red phoenix and other plants with drought resistance and suitable for calcareous soil.

Further, excavate storage and drainage ditches on the slope foot or platform of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes, or erect slab grooves as storage and drainage ditches to collect and discharge excess rainwater.

Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

1. In the method of the present invention, by setting the planting layer and the water storage layer in the slab groove, laying the rain-collecting material on the slope surface, realizing the integration of rain-collecting and accumulating rain, improving the collection and utilization rate of rainwater, and utilizing bougainvillea. The main root system of other shrubs or vetiver grass with developed roots is used to drill holes and plug (embolize) the karst channel, and then supplemented with creepers, crabapple or cactus, imperial bamboo grass, alfalfa, red phoenix, etc. It is drought-resistant and suitable for Plants in calcareous soils use their short root systems to hold the soil to form a root-soil cushion (root pockets), so as to use the root embolism and root pocket effects to help suppress soil and water leakage, and to achieve soil and water in karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes. Co-storage and soil and water conservation have improved the status quo of rocky desertification, and achieved ecological slope protection governance and ecological environment reconstruction.

2. The method of the present invention has low treatment cost, simple treatment method and low engineering difficulty, and is highly efficient and durable for ecological treatment and vegetation restoration of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes.

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a water-soil co-storage and ecological slope protection system integrated with rain collection and rain accumulation constructed by the method of the present invention.

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a plate groove in the present invention.

Fig. 3 is a top view of the plate groove in the present invention.

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the present invention where the developed long root system drills into the karst channel or rock mass fissure to form plugs and the developed short root system forms root pockets so as to inhibit soil and water leakage.

In the picture, 1- karst slope and rocky desertification slope, 2- small anchor, 3- precast concrete slab, 4- storage and drainage ditch, 5- slab groove, 6- artificial rain collecting surface, 7- planting layer, 8 -Cover, 9-Anti-seepage cushion, 10-Grid plate, 11-Aquifer, 12-Absorptive belt, 13-1-Plants with well-developed long root and main root system, 13-2-Plant with short root system, 13-3- climbing plant, 14- taproot plug, 15- root soil cushion (or root pocket).

Detailed ways

The method for co-storage of water and soil and ecological slope protection for karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes according to the present invention will be further described below through specific embodiments and in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Example 1

The method for water and soil co-storage and ecological slope protection of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes provided by the present invention comprises the following steps:

(1) Set small bolts 2 coated with anti-corrosion paint row by row (horizontal slope) on the slopes of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes 1 that require vegetation restoration, and erect concrete in front of each row of small bolts The prefabricated slab 3 uses the prefabricated concrete slab and the slope in front of the slab to form slab grooves 5 distributed in steps along the slope surface, and baffles with a certain height are arranged at both ends of the slab slot, and the height of the baffles is sufficient to allow the slab groove to store a certain depth. The rainwater is collected and overflowed to discharge excess storm water; a cloth, i.e. a non-woven fabric or a cloth and a film, is laid on the slope between the plate grooves as an artificial rain collecting surface 6 to increase the rain collection and can also be used as a plate groove. The climbing support of climbing plants such as creeping tigers planted in the middle forms the creeping tiger plant cushion (or called creeping tiger vegetation blanket).

(2) On the wall surface of the precast concrete slab in each level of the slab slot and the slope in the slot in front of the retaining plate, lay the water and soil co-storage anti-seepage cushion 9 with two cloths and one membrane, at a height of about 20 cm in the slab slot The engineering plastic grid plate 10 with the water absorption belt 12 fixed in advance is laid, and the grid plate is filled with planting soil to the top of the concrete plate, and is slightly compacted to form the planting layer 7 . The water storage cavity space under the grid plate is used as the water storage layer 11, and the water storage depth is generally greater than 20 cm. The water-absorbing tape is a 1-2 cm wide and dense strip with strong capillary force woven with nylon, polyester or polypropylene webbing, and the horizontal spacing is preferably about 20 cm. The planting soil layer is composed of cultivated soil, a little peat soil, and a little material with a water-retaining function. After the planting soil is filled, materials such as straw, dry grass, leaves or gravel are laid on the surface of the planting layer as a covering layer 8 to reduce evaporation and soil erosion.

(3) Plant bougainvillea 13 with well-developed long roots and main root systems in the planting soil layer, and at the same time assist in planting short-rooted plants such as creeper, begonia, or cactus, imperial bamboo grass, alfalfa, red phoenix, etc., which are drought-resistant and suitable for Plants in calcareous soils. Use the long and main root system of plants to drill holes in karst channels or rock mass fissures to form main root plugs 14, and use the short root system to wrap the soil to form a root-soil cushion 15 (root pockets) to help suppress soil and water leakage and achieve Soil and water co-exist on karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes. The climbing plants planted in the slab trough climb the slope to cover the vegetation, and combine the slab trough vegetation to realize ecological slope protection.

(4) The storage and drainage ditch 4 is excavated on the slope foot or platform of the karst slope and rocky desertification slope as a storage and drainage ditch to collect and discharge excess rainwater.

Claims (5)

1. the method for water and soil co-storage and ecological slope protection of karst sloping land and rocky desertification slope, is characterized in that, comprises the following content: (1) Set small bolts row by row on the slopes of karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes that require vegetation restoration, erect retaining plates in front of each row of small bolts, and use the retaining plates and the slope in front of the retaining plates. The surface forms a plate groove distributed in steps along the slope surface, and there are cofferdams or baffles with a certain height at both ends of the plate groove, which are used to store rainwater of a certain depth and overflow to discharge excess storm water; The rain-collecting surface materials are set as artificial rain-collecting surfaces on karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes; the rain-collecting surface materials are two cloths and one film, sprayed concrete layers, sprayed cement on the karst slopes and rocky desertification slopes One of soil layer, sprayed organic silica, microbial bacteria liquid and cementitious liquid mixed sprayed soil, or vegetation cushion layer; Non-woven fabric, or two fabrics and one film; (2) Lay an anti-leakage cushion in each level of slab groove, and the anti-leakage cushion is two cloths and one membrane, concrete, cement soil, two lime soil, three lime soil or microbial mineralized soil; at a certain height in the slab groove Set up a grid plate with multiple water absorption belts fixed in advance, the grid plate leans on the soil retaining plate and the slope surface to maintain stability, and fills the grid plate with planting soil to form a planting layer, and the planting layer is composed of cultivated soil. , peat soil and other materials with water retention function; lay straw, hay, leaves or gravel on the surface of the planting layer as a covering layer to reduce evaporation and soil erosion; the water storage cavity space under the grid plate is used as a water storage layer; The retaining plate is a concrete prefabricated plate or an anti-corrosion grid plate; (3) Planting plants with developed long roots and main root systems in the planting soil layer, supplemented by plants with short root systems, using the long and main root systems of plants to drill holes in karst channels or rock mass fissures, and use short root systems to hold leaks. The soil body forms a root-soil cushion to restrain water and soil leakage. 2 . The method according to claim 1 , wherein the grid plate in step (2) is an engineering plastic grid plate or a grid plate of metal or other materials subjected to anti-corrosion treatment. 3 . 3. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in step (2), the multi-channel water-absorbing belts fixed on the grid plate are 1-2 cm wide capillary force made by weaving nylon, polyester or polypropylene webbing. Strong dense bands. 4. method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, described in step (3), the plant that long root and main root system are developed is bougainvillea shrub or the vetiver grass that root system is developed, and described short root system plant is creeper, begonia Flowers, or cacti, imperial bamboo grass, alfalfa, and red phoenix are drought-resistant and suitable for calcareous soils. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, excavating storage and drainage ditch on the slope foot or platform of karst slope and rocky desertification slope, or erecting slab grooves as storage and drainage ditch to collect and discharge excess rainwater.

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