CN102151992B - Laser machining method and laser machining head - Google Patents

Laser machining method and laser machining head Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102151992B
CN102151992B CN2011100381989A CN201110038198A CN102151992B CN 102151992 B CN102151992 B CN 102151992B CN 2011100381989 A CN2011100381989 A CN 2011100381989A CN 201110038198 A CN201110038198 A CN 201110038198A CN 102151992 B CN102151992 B CN 102151992B
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Prior art keywords
protective layer
processing
assist gas
laser
nozzle
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CN102151992A (en
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松本康成
金冈优
村井融
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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Mitsubishi Electric Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/18—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using absorbing layers on the workpiece, e.g. for marking or protecting purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
    • B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
    • B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/36—Removing material
    • B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
    • B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09J—ADHESIVES; NON-MECHANICAL ASPECTS OF ADHESIVE PROCESSES IN GENERAL; ADHESIVE PROCESSES NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE; USE OF MATERIALS AS ADHESIVES
    • C09J7/00—Adhesives in the form of films or foils
    • C09J7/20—Adhesives in the form of films or foils characterised by their carriers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
    • B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
    • B23K2101/35—Surface treated articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
    • B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
    • B23K2103/05—Stainless steel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/10—Aluminium or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/08—Non-ferrous metals or alloys
    • B23K2103/12—Copper or alloys thereof
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/36—Wood or similar materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/30—Organic material
    • B23K2103/42—Plastics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
    • B23K2103/50—Inorganic material, e.g. metals, not provided for in B23K2103/02 – B23K2103/26
    • B23K2103/52—Ceramics

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Laser Beam Processing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention provides a laser machining method and a laser machining head. The laser machining method of the invention performs the machining by irradiating laser beams and blowing auxiliary gases to a plate-shaped metal material from a same opening of a nozzle on the front end of the machining head. The machining method is characterized in that: under the state that a protective layer is attached on the surface of the plate-shaped metal material, the machining is accomplished by irradiating laser beams to the plate-shaped metal material and the protective layer by one time; the attaching force of the protective layer satisfies: P/F<=0.3, wherein P [MPa] is the pressureof the auxiliary gases and F [N/20mm] is the attaching force.

Description

Laser processing and laser Machining head
The application divides an application, and the international application no of its original application is PCT/JP2006/312329, and the China national application number is 200680000642.5, and the applying date is on June 20th, 2006, and denomination of invention is " laser processing and a laser Machining head "; The China national application number of dividing an application that the application of this division is directed against is 200810181570.X, and denomination of invention is " laser processing and a laser Machining head ".
Technical field
The present invention relates to adopt laser beam that the plate-shape metal material is cut and laser processing of perforate etc. and the processing head that is used for this processing method.
Technical background
Laser Processing can be used for the processing to the various materials from the metal of iron, stainless steel, aluminium and copper and so on to pottery, resin and timber.Wherein, metal material uses as ornament materials sometimes, therefore, will carry out Surface Finishing such as minute surface fine finishining or microgroove fine finishining sometimes.For this be purpose and with the decoration as far as carrying out accurately machined material in the surface, if its surface has flaw also just to lose its commodity value certainly.Therefore, expectation is decorated with metal material and the surperficial and back side is posted under the state of protective layer at it, carries, cutting processing or bending machining etc.
Particularly, Laser Processing is a kind of processing of complicacy, and the heat that adds the laser beam in man-hour makes metal melting; Need be through hitherward blowing assist gas fiercely; Thereby blow away fused mass, and the fused mass that is blown away becomes tiny Mars, sometimes on the surface and the back side attached to material.In addition; Material is fixed on the machine table and processes, in order to guarantee that this machine table is not as much as possible by the laser beam fusion, even perhaps fusion does not combine together with material yet; The front end that machine table contacts with material is made pointed contact area with try one's best minimizing and material; And so just be very easy to therefore, be desirably under the state that is pasted with protective layer and process causing damage in the material back side.
, (non-laser-beam irradiated face) attaching protective layer adds man-hour at the material back side, because of the influence of protective layer, is slowed down by the mobile of motlten metal hydrothermal solution due to the heat of laser beam.The result motlten metal occurs as the problem of slag attached to the material back side.What Figure 10 represented is the state that is attached with slag when carrying out Laser Processing, wherein, is that the stainless steel (SUS304) of 3mm is a material with the thickness of slab, has the part of posting the part of protective layer and not posting protective layer at its back side.Can know that from Figure 10 slag only is attached to the part that protective layer is posted at the back side.This slag is stone, needs great amount of time and cost to remove, and therefore, operates as follows usually: the protective layer of peelling off the material back side earlier carries out Laser Processing, after Laser Processing, sticks protective layer again and carries out bending machining.
So there is document to propose following processing method; In the method; The engineering paper that will have the adhesive layer of removable is attached to the back side of metal material, and the adhering to of slag when preventing Laser Processing thus, said adhesive layer contains hear resistance particle (for example patent documentation 1).
On the other hand, when on material surface (laser-beam irradiated face), posting protective layer, can occur peeling off the problem of perk because of the assist gas that fiercely blows makes protective layer.Figure 11 has provided the protective layer that is affixed on the surface and has peeled off the form of perk from material.If protective layer is peeled off perk from material; Certainly do not have the protective material surface and avoid impaired effect; And contact with nozzle because of the protective layer of perk; Cause the sensor that is used for controlling distance between spray nozzle front end and the material surface can not measure distance accurately, thereby occur, perhaps occur because of processing the problem that processing machine that mistake brings stops because of departing from the bad problem of processing that preset distance causes.
Therefore; Peel off perk in order not make protective layer; The technology that a kind of so-called " secondary cut " occurred: beginning is only removed protective layer with lower laser beam power, returns on the process, comes cutting material (for example patent documentation 2) with higher laser beam power then.
In addition, have a kind of technology can make the protective layer of material surface not peel off curling: on nozzle, be provided with first gas circuit and second gas circuit, the pressure of supplying with the assist gas of second gas circuit is higher than the pressure (for example patent documentation 3) of the assist gas of supplying with first gas circuit.Process through laser beam with from the material that the assist gas of first gas circuit ejection the surface posts protective layer, the assist gas through the ejection of second gas circuit relies on pressure that protective layer is pressed on the material surface simultaneously, does not peel off perk to guarantee protective layer.
Patent documentation 1: the spy opens flat 6-198461 communique
Patent documentation 2: the spy opens flat 7-236984 communique
Patent documentation 3: the spy opens the 2001-212690 communique
In patent documentation 1 disclosed technology, in adhesive layer, must contain the hear resistance particle, therefore, the cost increase is inevitable.Protective layer is a kind of running stores; Owing to be necessary to suppress as much as possible the increase of cost; Thereby for protective layer, its measure of preferably taking is to use the such inexpensive protective layer that on single resin material, is provided with common adhesive layer of protective layer that is applied to industrial product at large; If but use this common protective layer, then cause adhering to of slag.
In addition, in patent documentation 2 disclosed technology, come and go secondary processing process; Therefore; Certainly increase significantly process time, in addition, peels off perk in order not make protective layer; Removal width at the protective layer that begins to remove also must have certain width, and the result occurs not having on the material surface expose portion of protective mulch to become big problem.
In addition, in patent documentation 3 disclosed technology, be to rely on pressure that protective layer is pressed on the material surface, the assist gas that needs for this purpose is more than the assist gas that is used for common processing, thus it is above to cause its operating cost to double.In addition, need be provided with the special nozzle of the first and second two gas circuits, this point also causes the increase of cost.In addition, under the good situation of cutting, the gas that sprays from nozzle leads to the bottom of machined object along cutting groove; Causing under the cutting condition of poor because of not setting suitable processing conditions or procedure, can not form cutting groove sometimes, in this case, from the assist gas adverse current of second gas circuit ejection that is set at high pressure in first gas circuit that is set at low pressure.At this moment, the metal that produces splashes (the motlten metal sputter becomes Mars) and the gas of above-mentioned adverse current together gets into the inside of nozzle because of cutting, thereby the problem of processing lens occurs polluting.This entering of splashing and be to take place moment on the lens attached to processing, to detect the method for adverse current and so on pressure gauge or flowmeter too slow and adopt, can not the generation effect.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes for addressing the above problem, and therefore, the present invention carries out Laser Processing under can posting the state of protective layer at material surface or the back side.
Laser processing of the present invention is through to plate-shape metal material illuminating laser beam and blow the laser processing that assist gas carries out cutting processing and perforate processing; In the method; Post at the above-mentioned plate-shape metal material back side under the state of following protective layer and process; Said protective layer is that macromolecule organic material below 300,000 constitutes by molecular weight; And when this molecular weight is made as M, when the thickness of protective layer is made as t [m], said molecular weight and thickness satisfy the relation of M * t≤7.5.
Among the present invention; To have that constitute and the protective layer that have specific thickness of the macromolecule organic material of regulation molecular weight and be affixed on the material back side; Process in this state; Can prevent that thus the material back side from sustaining damage, can suppress the appearance of slag simultaneously, thereby the ornamental goods of the material that does not damage Surface Finishing such as accomplishing minute surface fine finishining or microgroove fine finishining can be provided; Just the goods that do not damage commodity value can be provided, can cut down simultaneously and remove required great amount of time and the cost of slag.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the structure chart of expression based on the laser processing of first embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the experimental result picture of the thickness of molecular weight and the protective layer of expression protective layer influence that slag is adhered to.
Fig. 3 is the structure chart of expression based on the laser processing of second embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the experimental result picture of the pressure of assist gas of bonding force and the use of expression protective layer influence that protective layer is peeled off.
Fig. 5 is the experimental result picture of the opening of nozzle of fusion width and the use of the expression protective layer influence of directly protective layer being peeled off.
Fig. 6 is the key diagram of the fusion width of expression protective layer.
Fig. 7 is that expression SUS304 is the key diagram of processing required cutting groove width well under each thickness of slab.
Fig. 8 is that expression SUS304 is being to process the required nozzle opening footpath and the key diagram of the relation between the assist gas pressure well under each thickness of slab.
Fig. 9 is the structure chart of expression based on the laser processing of the 3rd embodiment of the present invention.
Figure 10 is that the key diagram with the attachment state that does not post the slag that existing protective layer produced is posted in expression.
Figure 11 is the key diagram that the expression protective layer is peeled off.
The specific embodiment
First embodiment
What Fig. 1 represented is the laser processing that is used for first embodiment of embodiment of the present invention.Among Fig. 1, laser beam 3 passes the processing lens 5 in the processing head 2, comes out irradiation material 7 from the nozzle 6 of processing head front end.In addition, assist gas 10 also comes out from the nozzle of processing head 2 front ends, blows on the material 7.In addition, material 7 is the plate-shape metal material, and the back side is posted with protective layer 13 in its back side.The material of protective layer 13 is macromolecule organic materials such as polyester.The characteristic of this embodiment is, posts at material 7 back sides under the state of protective layer 13 and carries out Laser Processing.
Here, posting when carrying out Laser Processing as general industrial commercially available protective layer, because of the influence of protective material, the mobile of melt metal hydrothermal solution that is caused by the heat of laser beam slows down, thereby makes motlten metal form the back side of slag attached to material.The experimental result that the inventor carried out shows, when under the state of protective layer is posted at the material back side, carrying out Laser Processing, and the adhering to and the molecular weight of the material of employed protective layer and these two relating to parameters of thickness of employed protective layer of slag.
Fig. 2 representes when being the thickness when the molecular weight of the material that changes the protective layer that is affixed on the material back side and this protective layer, confirms the experimental result that has or not slag to adhere to.Processing conditions in this experiment is following.
Processing conditions 1
Material: stainless steel (SUS304) t3mm
Processing lens: focal length 7.5inch
Nozzle opening footpath: φ 1.7mm
Laser beam power: 4000W
Laser beam wavelength: 10.6 μ m
Process velocity: 4000mm/min
Assist gas kind: nitrogen
Assist gas pressure: 1.2MPa
Focal position: from the downward 3mm of material surface
Distance between nozzle and the material: 1mm
Above-mentioned processing conditions is not with when posting protective layer and the optimum condition of slag not occur identical, so, needn't be because of sticking the just special processing conditions that changes of protective layer.In addition, about the thickness of the protective layer of use in this experiment, because protective layer must have the defencive function of practical material surface, therefore the thickness with protective layer is decided to be more than the 20 μ m.In addition, about the molecular weight of the material of protective layer, preparing molecular weight is the material more than 50,000, does not confirm less than 50,000 material for molecular weight.The molecular weight here is meant mean molecule quantity.In addition, the adhesive layer of protective layer is with the same as the adhesive layer of generally industrial commercially available protective layer.
Among Fig. 2 zero with * determinating reference following: when under the state of protective layer is posted at the material back side, carrying out Laser Processing; Attached to the not enough 0.1mm of height of the slag at the material back side be designated as zero, attached to height being designated as more than 0.1mm of the slag at the material back side *.In addition, in this experimental result, with the not enough 0.1mm of height of the maximum slag of zero expression, and with the height of the maximum slag of * expression more than 1mm, therefrom can judge the difference of the two extremely legibly.That is, we can say among Fig. 2 zero mark and * difference between the mark is a marked difference.
As shown in Figure 2, be more than the 20 μ m and molecular weight surpasses at 300,000 o'clock at the thickness of protective layer, can not get zero zone, usually become the state that slag adheres to.In addition, be more than 50,000 and thickness surpasses the scope of 140 μ m at molecular weight, also can not get zero zone, promptly can not get the state that slag does not adhere to.That is, can know that non-cohesive slag attaches in order to carry out well processed, must reduce the molecular weight of the material of protective layer, and reduce the thickness of protective layer from Fig. 2.It is believed that this is owing to following reason: more little, the above-mentioned thickness of the molecular weight of protective layer material is thin more; Easier heat gasified at laser beam; Then can prevent to be protected the influence of layer and slowing down of occurring makes motlten metal be difficult to form slag thus and be attached to the material back side by the melt metal hydrothermal solution due to the heat of laser beam mobile.
Among Fig. 2; In molecular weight is 50,000～300,000 scope, zero with * intersection form a curve, when the thickness that is made as M, protective layer when the molecular weight with the material of protective layer is made as t [m]; This curve roughly satisfies M * t=7.5, and the below of this curve is zero zone.Like this, in molecular weight is 50,000～300,000 scope,, then be the scope of zero mark among Fig. 2 if the relation between molecular weight M and the thickness t [m] satisfies M * t≤7.5, promptly can realize not having the state that slag adheres to.The thickness of general industrial commercially available protective layer is generally more than the 50 μ m, and it is about 300,000 polyethylene that material also uses molecular weight, and therefore, these protective layers are among Fig. 2 * zone, are difficult to the Laser Processing that realizes that no slag adheres to.
Like this; To be affixed on the material back side by the protective layer that the macromolecule organic material with the molecular weight that satisfies above-mentioned relation and thickness constitutes; Carry out Laser Processing in this state, in this laser processing, can prevent that the material back side from sustaining damage; Can suppress simultaneously the generation of slag; Thereby the ornamental goods of the material that does not damage Surface Finishing such as accomplishing minute surface fine finishining or microgroove fine finishining can be provided, the goods that do not damage commodity value just can be provided, can cut down simultaneously and remove required great amount of time and the cost of slag.In addition, as long as the molecular weight of the material of protective layer is decided to be suitable numerical value with the thickness of protective layer, therefore, also can suppress the cost increase of protective layer.
What Fig. 2 represented is for stainless steel (SUS304) experimental result that t3mm carried out, and is that the stainless steel (SUS304) of 1mm and 2mm has also carried out same experiment for thickness of slab, has obtained identical result.In addition, attach equal importance to ornamental other material such as aluminium or copper, also carried out same experiment, obtained identical result for conduct and stainless steel.Therefore we can say that for the kind of the thickness of the metal material of the processing method that can be suitable for this embodiment or metal material and unrestricted, other thickness of metal material or other kind of metal material also can obtain above-mentioned effect.
Second embodiment
What Fig. 3 represented is the laser processing that is used for second embodiment of embodiment of the present invention.Represent with prosign with Fig. 1 something in common and omit explanation.Among Fig. 3 (a), the surface is posted with protective layer 14 in the surface of material 7.The characteristic of this embodiment is, posts on material 7 surfaces under the state of protective layer 14 and carries out Laser Processing.The material of protective layer 14 is identical with the material of general industrial commercially available protective layer.
In addition; Shown in Fig. 3 (b); The characteristic of this embodiment is, assist gas 10 is from the ejection as the opening of the nozzle 6 of the irradiation mouth of laser beam 3, rather than from a plurality of ejiction openings ejections, or ejiction opening ejection from outside the irradiation mouth of laser beam 3, being provided with in addition.In addition; The characteristic of this embodiment is; To material 7 be affixed on processing such as protective layer 14 on the material adopts primary laser beam to shine to cut; Rather than processing such as adopt that so-called " secondary cut " method is cut, so-called " secondary cut " method is following method: laser beam irradiation for the first time only remove protective layer or with protective layer and material burnt together together so that protective layer is not peeled off or perk, carry out cutting processing through secondary laser radiation on this basis.
Posting when carrying out Laser Processing,, cause protective layer to peel off perk here, owing to blow assist gas fiercely to protective layer as general industrial commercially available protective layer.The experimental result that the inventor carried out shows; Peeling off and perk of protective layer when carrying out Laser Processing under the state that posts protective layer at material surface, the bonding force of protective layer and be very important from the relation of these two parameters of pressure of the assist gas of nozzle ejection.
Experimental result shown in Figure 4 is confirmed peeling off of matcoveredn whether and is curled for the bonding force of the protective layer that is affixed on material surface through change and from the pressure of the assist gas of nozzle ejection.For the processing conditions of this experiment, except the pressure of assist gas, other processing conditions with first embodiment are identical.
Among Fig. 4 zero with * determinating reference following: apart from the zone more than the material cut groove 3mm, do not occur fully protective layer peel off or perk be zero, apart from the zone more than the cutting groove 3mm, occur peeling off or perk (even seldom) for *.Basically, protective layer is played the effect on protective material surface and situation that this protective layer does not touch nozzle is regarded as zero.
As shown in Figure 4, big more from the pressure of the assist gas of nozzle ejection, be necessary to increase the bonding force of protective layer more, can think that the relation of the two is linear.Therefore; Be made as F [N/20mm] if will be made as the bonding force of P [MPa], protective layer from the pressure of the assist gas of nozzle ejection; When then under material surface posts the state of protective layer, carrying out Laser Processing; In order not make protective layer occur peeling off and perk, the relation of P and F is in the zone of zero among Fig. 4 and gets final product, and relation gets final product below promptly satisfying.
P/F≤0.3 [MPa20mm/N] (formula 1)
Usually, the pressure of assist gas determines by processing conditions such as the material of material or thicknesss of slab, and therefore, for the pressure of assist gas, the protective layer of selecting to have the bonding force of satisfied (formula 1) gets final product.
In addition, the experimental result that the inventor carried out shows, the peeling off of the protective layer when carrying out Laser Processing under the state that posts protective layer at material surface, and the relation of the bonding force of protective layer and these two parameters of the opening of nozzle footpath also is very important.
Whether result of the test shown in Figure 5 for confirming peeling off and perk of matcoveredn directly the time when the opening of fusion width that adds man-hour that changes the protective layer be affixed on material surface and nozzle.
Here, the fusion width of protective layer is meant and is adding the removed width of protective layer in man-hour.What Fig. 6 represented is, posts the form of having carried out the material 7 of Laser Processing under the state of protective layer 14 at material surface.Fig. 6 (a) is the surface picture of material 7, and Fig. 6 (b) is the sketch map in the A-A cross section of Fig. 6 (a).As shown in Figure 6, the protective layer 14 peripheral at working groove is removed, and the fusion width of protective layer is wideer than working groove width.The fusion width of protective layer is almost determined by the cutting groove width of material, although the fusion width of protective layer is also relevant with the thermal characteristics of protective layer, and, the fusion width of protective layer is about about 1.5 times of cutting groove width of material.For the processing conditions in this experiment, except the nozzle opening footpath, other is identical with processing conditions in first embodiment.
Among Fig. 5 zero with * determinating reference following: basically; Protective layer after the processing is played the situation that the effect avoiding damaging in the protective material surface and this protective layer do not touch nozzle be regarded as zero; But; As benchmark, be zero what do not occur peeling off of protective layer or perk fully apart from the zone more than the cutting groove 3mm of material, occur apart from the zone more than the cutting groove 3mm peeling off or perk (even seldom) for *.
As shown in Figure 5, in order not cause peeling off of protective layer, the fusion width of protective layer is big more, is necessary to increase the opening footpath of nozzle more, can think that the relation of the two is linear.Therefore; The opening that is made as the nozzle of G [mm], use as if the fusion width with protective layer directly is made as D [mm]; When then under material surface posts the state of protective layer, carrying out Laser Processing; In order not make protective layer occur peeling off and perk, the relation of G and D is in the zone of zero among Fig. 5 and gets final product, and relation gets final product below promptly satisfying.
D/G >=2 (formula 2)
Usually, the fusion width of protective layer determines by processing conditions such as the material of material, thicknesss of slab, and therefore, for the fusion width of protective layer, the nozzle of selecting to have the opening footpath of satisfied (formula 2) gets final product.
In this embodiment, there is following appropriate value in each machined parameters.According to the material and the thickness of slab of material, there is the appropriate value that can be used for carrying out well processed in the cutting groove width of material.What the line among Fig. 7 was represented is the suitable cutting groove width that adopts for the stainless steel (SUS304) to each thickness of slab carries out well processed.Usually thickness of slab is thick more just is necessary to widen the working groove width more.In addition; If the constant pressure of the assist gas then flow of the assist gas of the opening big more ejection in footpath of nozzle is many more; When the flow of the assist gas of the big more ejection of pressure of the constant then assist gas in nozzle opening footpath many more; Thereby cause operating cost to increase, therefore, preferably reduce the opening footpath of nozzle and the pressure of assist gas as far as possible.In addition, according to the material and the thickness of slab of material, in order to process well, between the pressure of the opening footpath of nozzle and assist gas, there is certain relation.What Fig. 8 represented is, when the stainless steel (SUS304) to each thickness of slab carries out Laser Processing, in order to process the opening footpath of nozzle and the relation curve of assist gas pressure well.Usually thickness of slab is thick more just is necessary to add the opening footpath and the pressure that improves assist gas of giant more.In addition, in the end must the protective layer that pasted be peelled off, therefore,, then preferably reduce the bonding force of protective layer as far as possible if consider the easy fissility of protective layer this moment.
Therefore; If (formula 1) and (formula 2) of using the experimental result by Fig. 4 and Fig. 5 to obtain, then can obtain to carry out efficiently the suitable processing conditions of Laser Processing, under this condition; Peeling off and perk of protective layer do not occur, and operating cost is reduced as much as possible.
For example, the material surface of investigating at stainless steel (SUS304) t1mm posts the situation of carrying out Laser Processing under the state of protective layer.In this case, can know that in order to process well, the cutting groove width is 0.3mm～0.7mm from Fig. 7.The fusion width of protective layer is wideer than the cutting groove width of material; Although the fusion width of protective layer is also relevant with the thermal characteristics of protective layer; But experimental result shows; The fusion width of protective layer is about 1.5 times of cutting groove width of material, and therefore, the fusion width of protective layer is about 0.45mm～1.05mm.Therefore, if when the fusion width of protective layer is maximum 1.05mm, must be more than 2.1mm by the opening footpath that (formula 2) obtains.In this embodiment, in order to reduce the operating cost of assist gas as much as possible, the opening of the preferred nozzle little nozzle of directly trying one's best, therefore, if uses opening directly to be the nozzle of 2.1mm, the pressure of the assist gas that is then obtained by Fig. 8 must be more than 0.9 [MPa].In this embodiment; In order to reduce the operating cost of assist gas as much as possible, the pressure of preferred assist gas is as best one can little, therefore; If the pressure of the assist gas that uses is 0.9 [MPa], the bonding force of the protective layer that is pasted that is then obtained by (formula 1) must be more than 2.7 [N/20mm].As stated, owing to need peel off protective layer at last, the bonding force of therefore preferred protective layer is for approaching the numerical value of 2.7 [N/20mm].
By the above-mentioned condition that can draw the material that is used for processing stainless steel (SUS304) t1mm, under this condition, post at material surface under the state of protective layer and do not occur peeling off or perk, and the operating cost of assist gas is reduced as much as possible.For other material and thickness of material, also take same consideration method, can obtain not occur peeling off and processing conditions that operating cost is reduced as far as possible of protective layer.
Like this;, the material back side carries out in the laser processing of Laser Processing under posting the state of protective layer; Through the pressure of assist gas and the bonding force of protective layer are suitably set to satisfy above-mentioned relation; Can prevent that material surface from sustaining damage, can suppress the perk of peeling off of protective layer simultaneously, thereby the ornamental goods of the material that does not damage Surface Finishing such as accomplishing minute surface fine finishining or microgroove fine finishining can be provided; The goods that do not damage commodity value just are provided, and can avoid the operation of pasting again of protective layer or process problems such as bad.
In addition, through the fusion width of protective layer and the opening of nozzle are directly carried out suitable setting to satisfy above-mentioned relation, can obtain same effect.
In addition; From the relation between the bonding force of the pressure of the fusion width of the thickness of slab of material, cutting groove width, protective layer, nozzle opening footpath, assist gas and protective layer; Can obtain to carry out efficiently the processing conditions that is fit to of Laser Processing; Under this condition, peeling off and perk of protective layer do not occur, and operating cost is reduced as much as possible.
The 3rd embodiment
What Fig. 9 represented is the laser processing that is used for the 3rd embodiment of embodiment of the present invention.Represent with prosign with Fig. 1 and Fig. 3 something in common and omit explanation.As shown in Figure 9, the back side of explaining in first embodiment is affixed on the back side of material 7 with protective layer 13, the surface of explaining in second embodiment is affixed on the surface of material 7 with protective layer 14, carry out Laser Processing in this state.Like this; The back side is different with the characteristic of necessity of the protective layer on surface, for the protective layer at the back side, must be predetermined value with the molecular weight of the material of protective layer and the thickness setting of protective layer; And, must the bonding force of protective layer be set at predetermined value for the protective layer on surface.In addition, according to the content of explaining in second embodiment, directly wait processing conditions to be set at suitable numerical value assist gas pressure and nozzle opening and get final product.
Like this; Can prevent that material surface and two sides, the back side from sustaining damage; Simultaneously can suppress the generation of slag and peeling off of protective layer; Thereby the ornamental goods of the material that does not damage Surface Finishing such as accomplishing minute surface fine finishining or microgroove fine finishining can be provided, the goods that do not damage commodity value just are provided, can cut down simultaneously and remove required great amount of time and the cost of slag.
In addition; Prepare out all to satisfy the back side with the parameter of desired molecular weight of protective layer and thickness and surface protective layer with the parameter of the desired bonding force of protective layer; And this protective layer is affixed on the surface and the back side of material, on this basis, under predetermined processing conditions, carry out Laser Processing; The surface and the two sides, the back side that also can prevent material sustain damage, and can suppress the generation of slag and peeling off of protective layer simultaneously.In this case, use a kind of protective layer enough, therefore, can cut down the manufacturing and the circulation cost of protective layer, can prevent that the processing that occurs because of mistake subsides protective layer is bad simultaneously.
Industrial applicibility
Laser processing of the present invention and processing head are suitable for situation that the material of accomplishing Surface Finishing such as minute surface fine finishining or microgroove fine finishining is processed.

Claims (2)

1. laser processing; Said laser processing be from the same peristome of the nozzle of processing head front end to plate-shape metal material illuminating laser beam with blow the laser processing that assist gas is processed, this processing method is characterised in that, under the state on the surface that following protective layer is affixed on said plate-shape metal material through said plate-shape metal material and said protective layer irradiation primary laser beam are processed; For said protective layer; When its bonding force is the pressure of F, said assist gas when being P, the bonding force that it had satisfies P/F ≦ 0.3, wherein; The unit of bonding force F is N/20mm, and the unit of pressure P is MPa.
2. laser Machining head, this laser Machining head are characterised in that it has illuminating laser beam and the peristome that blows out assist gas; When adopting the irradiation primary laser beam, the plate-shape metal material that the surface is posted protective layer adds man-hour; With respect to the bonding force F of said protective layer, the pressure of said assist gas is below 0.3 * F, wherein; The unit of bonding force F is N/20mm, and the unit of pressure is MPa.
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