CN102144584B - Method for breeding hippocampi over winter - Google Patents
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- CN102144584B CN102144584B CN2011100583834A CN201110058383A CN102144584B CN 102144584 B CN102144584 B CN 102144584B CN 2011100583834 A CN2011100583834 A CN 2011100583834A CN 201110058383 A CN201110058383 A CN 201110058383A CN 102144584 B CN102144584 B CN 102144584B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for breeding hippocampi over winter. The method is characterized by comprising the following steps and measures of: (1) performing temporary breeding for 9 to 10 days and nutrition enhancement, namely transferring the hippocampi cultured in a culture pond into different glass boxes according to sizes to perform nutrition enhancement; and (2) after the nutrition enhancement, cooling slowly to the suitable over-winter temperature of the hippocampi of different sizes at the speed of reducing 1.5 to 2.5 DEG C per 12 hours and transferring the hippocampi to the culture pond, where natural seawater which is subjected to precipitation and sand filtering is used; dissolved oxygen concentration of the water is retained to be above 5 mg/L; salinity is retained to be 2.3 to 2.5 percent; pH value is controlled to be 7.7 to 8.5; residual baits, dead substances and other precipitates at the bottom of the pond are removed at fixed time every day; and seawater with the same temperature and the same volume is supplemented. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that: based on the difference of immunity of the hippocampi with different sizes, baits are thrown in the pond pertinently and the hippocampi are concentrated and grouped to be subjected to reinforced culture before winter, so that survival rate of the hippocampi can be effectively increased, management operation burden is reduced, and outbreak probability of diseases is reduced.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultural method of a kind of fish, relate in particular to the breeding method of a kind of big hippocampus.
Background technology
Big hippocampus (Hippocampus kuda) is sea otter order (Syngthidae), and Hippocampus (Hippocampus) is the important economic fancy fishes of medicine source property of China; The market demand is very big, in the last few years, because the people is overfishing and environmental pollution; Its natural resources recoverable amount is low, is difficult to nature and recovers.Therefore, the artificial increasing cultivation has become and has met the need of market, and then protects the unique selection of big hippocampus resource.Pertinent literature about the artificial increasing cultivation; " biological property of hippocampus and the aquaculture technology thereof " that can be shown with reference to " Chinese aquatic products " the 7th interim Li Lu in 2004 etc. can also be with reference to " hippocampus artificial propagation and the Study on Seedling Cultivation Technique greatly " that " the Taiwan Straits " May in 2004, the 23rd volume the 2nd phase Du Qinghong etc. was shown.Relevant patent documentation can referenced patent number be the Chinese invention patent " artificial culturing method of seedling of a kind of big hippocampus and commodity hippocampus thereof and equipment " (Granted publication number be CN1219430C) of ZL01114610.9; Can also the disclosed application number of REFERENCE TO RELATED people be open " ecological cultivation method of a kind of hippocampus " (publication number is CN101589692C) of Chinese invention patent application of 200910100476.1.
But in breeding process, often survival rate is lower for big hippocampus artificial overwintering, has a strong impact on the breeding production of next year, and the prior art the inside does not have document to disclose the aspect technical research of surviving the winter of big hippocampus yet.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem to be solved by this invention is to the above-mentioned state of the art a kind of high big hippocampus overwintering culture method of survival rate of culturing to be provided.
Another technical problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of big hippocampus overwintering culture method that can reduce the aquaculture management burden.
The present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above the technical scheme that is adopted: a kind of big hippocampus overwintering culture method is characterized in that comprising following measure:
Carry out 9～10 days by a definite date foster temporarily and fortification: will culture the big hippocampus of cultivating in the pond and transfer in the different glass boxs according to sized; The breeding density of the big hippocampus of the young is 450～500 tails/m3; Medium big hippocampus breeding density is 150～180 tails/m3, and the big hippocampus breeding density of adult is 50～70 tails/m3; The big hippocampus temperature control of the young is at 19～20 ℃, and medium big hippocampus temperature control is at 15～16 ℃, and the big hippocampus temperature control of adult is at 14～15 ℃; The active bait that the big hippocampus of the young is thrown something and fed and strengthens through nutrition, active bait density remains on 10～15/ml, and the big hippocampus feeding volume of medium big hippocampus and adult is about hippocampus body weight 10～15% freezing bait or active bait; Every day, regularly soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/10～1/5 or a cycle water of cumulative volume;
Slowly cooling after the fortification is satisfied every 12h and is successively decreased 1.5～2.5 ℃ to the suitable temperature of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of each specification, and transfers to and culture in the pond; Culture the nature seawater that uses in the pond through the deposition sand filtration; The dissolved oxygen concentration that keeps water body is more than 5mg/L, and salinity remains on 2.3%～2.5%, and the pH value is controlled at 7.6～8.5; Regularly with residual bait, dead thing and other sediment at the bottom of the absorption pond, replenish the seawater of isothermal equivalent every day.
Further, the big hippocampus of the described young refers to that 1～2 monthly age total length is the big hippocampus of 3～6cm, and described medium big hippocampus is that 3～4 monthly age total lengths are the big hippocampus of 6～10cm, and the big hippocampus of described adult is that 5～6 monthly age total lengths are the big hippocampus of 10cm.
Described active bait can be copepod larva, mysis, oppossum shrimp adult or juvenile prawn seedling.
Described glass box is preferably 2.5m * 1.5m * 2.0m.
Further, the suitable temperature of surviving the winter of described big hippocampus is: the big hippocampus of the young temperature of surviving the winter is 19.5～20.5 ℃; The medium big hippocampus temperature of surviving the winter is 15.5～16.5 ℃; The big hippocampus of the adult temperature of surviving the winter is 13.5～14.5 ℃.
Further, be added with B B-complex in the fortification, this B B-complex comprises 0.1～0.15mL/m
3V
B1With 0.05～0.1mL/m
3V
B12
Compared with prior art; The invention has the advantages that: based on the difference of big hippocampus self resistance of different size, throw in bait targetedly, and the grouping reinforced cultivating of concentrating before big hippocampus survived the winter; Not only can effectively improve the survival rate of big hippocampus; And can reduce the difference between the big hippocampus specification, and alleviate the bookkeeping burden, reduce the illness outbreak probability.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described in further detail.
Carry out 9～10 days by a definite date foster temporarily and fortification: will culture the big hippocampus of cultivating in the pond and transfer in the different glass boxs according to sized; The breeding density of the big hippocampus of the young is 450～500 tails/m3; Medium big hippocampus breeding density is 150～180 tails/m3, and the big hippocampus breeding density of adult is 50～70 tails/m3; The big hippocampus temperature control of the young is at 19～20 ℃, and medium big hippocampus temperature control is at 15～16 ℃, and the big hippocampus temperature control of adult is at 14～15 ℃; The active bait that the big hippocampus of the young is thrown something and fed and strengthens through nutrition, active bait density remains on 10～15/ml, and the big hippocampus feeding volume of medium big hippocampus and adult is about hippocampus body weight 10～15% freezing bait or active bait; Every day, regularly soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/10～1/5 or a cycle water of cumulative volume;
Slowly cooling after the fortification is satisfied every 12h and is successively decreased 1.5～2.5 ℃ to the suitable temperature of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of each specification, and transfers to and culture in the pond; Culture the nature seawater that uses in the pond through the deposition sand filtration; The dissolved oxygen concentration that keeps water body is more than 5mg/L, and salinity remains on 2.3%～2.5%, and the pH value is controlled at 7.6～8.5; It regularly with residual bait, dead thing and other sediment at the bottom of the absorption pond, replenishes the seawater of isothermal equivalent.
Embodiment one: when Along with season temperature reduces; It is to support temporarily in 28 ℃ the glass jar of 2.5m * 1.5m * 2.0m that the big hippocampus of the young of 1～2 monthly age specification is moved into temperature control; Water body adopts the nature seawater through the deposition sand filtration; Dissolved oxygen concentration remains on more than the 5mg/L, and salinity remains on 23～25 ‰, throws in that young hippocampus density is respectively 300,450,600 tails/m
3The big hippocampus of young specification, the copepoda of throwing something and feeding and strengthening through nutrition keeps food density about 5～10/ml, is added with B B-complex in the fortification, and this B B-complex comprises 0.1～0.15mL/m
3V
B1With 0.05～0.1mL/m
3V
B12, every day, soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is about 1/5 of cumulative volume, and in time carries out water quality monitoring.
The different breeding density of table 1 are to the influence of hippocampus growth rate and survival rate
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing.
Research shows that the big hippocampus density of the young remains on 450 tails/m under the suitable situation of condition
3, breed efficient is higher, and significantly decline of survival rate, can be used as the cultivation density of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of the young.
The big hippocampus of the young that to support temporarily afterwards after strengthening is slowly lowered the temperature step by step, and wherein every 12h falls 2 ℃, and temperature error is controlled at ± and 0.5 ℃.It is stable to carry out temperature control when reducing to 24 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 20 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 16 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 12 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ respectively; The copepoda of throwing something and feeding and strengthening through nutrition; Keep food density about 5～10/ml,, every day, regularly soil pick-up changed water; Quantity of exchanged water is about 1/5 of cumulative volume, and in time carries out water quality monitoring.
The influence of growth rate of hippocampus and survival rate between table 2 treatment of different temperature
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing
Research shows that 20 ℃ be the critical point of big hippocampus temperature, and is less at 20 ℃ of big hippocampus survival rates of young activity that significantly do not descend, and food ration is stablized, and can be used as the temperature of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of the young.
At last with the fortification group with compare test without the big hippocampus of the young of fortification, condition remains on density 450 tails/m
3, 20 ℃ of temperature, the big hippocampus of the young of fortification is thrown something and fed the copepoda density strengthened through nutrition about 10～15/ml, adds B B-complex, keeps food density about 5～10/ml without fortification, nine to ten days by a definite date.
The growth rate of hippocampus and the influence of survival rate between table 3 Different Nutrition intensive treatment group
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing
Research shows the fortification group and compares without the big hippocampus of the fortification group young that growth rate, survival rate significantly rise, and when carrying out artificial overwintering, need carry out fortification.
Embodiment two: when Along with season temperature reduces; It is to support temporarily in 28 ℃ the glass jar of 2.5m * 1.5m * 2.0m that the medium big hippocampus of 3～4 monthly age specifications is moved into temperature control; Water body adopts the nature seawater through the deposition sand filtration; Dissolved oxygen concentration remains on more than the 5mg/L, and salinity remains on 23～25 ‰, and the medium hippocampus breeding density of throwing in specification and be 6～10cm is respectively 50,150,300 tails/m
3, live body children oppossum shrimp, juvenile prawn seedling or the freezing young oppossum shrimp seedling of the percentage of liveweight of throwing something and feeding 10%, every day, soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is about 1/5 of cumulative volume, and in time carries out water quality monitoring.
The different breeding density of table 4 are to the influence of hippocampus growth rate and survival rate
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing
Research shows that medium big hippocampus density remains on 150 tails/m under the suitable situation of condition
3, breed efficient is higher, and significantly decline of survival rate, can be used as the cultivation density of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of the young.
The medium big hippocampus that to support temporarily afterwards after strengthening is slowly lowered the temperature step by step, and wherein every 12h falls 2 ℃, and temperature error is controlled at ± and 0.5 ℃.It is stable to carry out temperature control when reducing to 24 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 20 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 16 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 12 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃ respectively; That regularly throws something and feeds is about hippocampus body weight 10% freezing oppossum shrimp bait; Every day, soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is about 1/5 of cumulative volume, and in time carried out water quality monitoring.
The influence of growth rate of hippocampus and survival rate between table 5 treatment of different temperature
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing
Research shows and be the critical point of big hippocampus temperature between 16 ℃, and less at 16 ℃ of medium big hippocampus survival rates activity that significantly do not descend, food ration is stablized, and can be used as the temperature of surviving the winter of medium big hippocampus.
At last with the fortification group with compare test without the medium big hippocampus of fortification, condition remains on density 150 tails/m
3, 16 ℃ of temperature, the medium big hippocampus of the fortification group body weight of throwing something and feeding is 25% live body children oppossum shrimp, juvenile prawn seedling, adds B B-complex, is 10% live body children oppossum shrimp, juvenile prawn seedling without the medium big hippocampus of the fortification group body weight of throwing something and feeding, nine to ten days by a definite date.
The growth rate of hippocampus and the influence of survival rate between table 6 Different Nutrition intensive treatment group
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing
Research shows the fortification group and compares without the medium big hippocampus of fortification group that growth rate, survival rate significantly rise, and when carrying out artificial overwintering, need carry out fortification.
Embodiment three: when Along with season temperature reduces; It is to support temporarily in 28 ℃ the glass jar of 2.5m * 1.5m * 2.0m that the big hippocampus of the adult of above specification of 5～6 monthly ages is moved into temperature control; Water body adopts the nature seawater through the deposition sand filtration; Dissolved oxygen concentration remains on more than the 5mg/L, and salinity remains on 23～25 ‰, throws in specification and be the above adult hippocampus breeding density of 10cm and be 10,50,100 tails/m
3, live body children oppossum shrimp, juvenile prawn seedling or the freezing young oppossum shrimp seedling of the percentage of liveweight of throwing something and feeding 10%, every day, soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is about 1/5 of cumulative volume, and in time carries out water quality monitoring.
The different breeding density of table 7 are to the influence of hippocampus growth rate and survival rate
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing
Research shows that the big hippocampus density of adult remains on 50 tails/m under the suitable situation of condition
3, breed efficient is higher, and significantly decline of survival rate, can be used as the cultivation density of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of adult.
The big hippocampus of adult that to support temporarily afterwards after strengthening is slowly lowered the temperature step by step, and wherein every 12h falls 2 ℃, and temperature error is controlled at ± and 0.5 ℃.It is stable to carry out temperature control when reducing to 20 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 16 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 14 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, 12 ℃ ± 0.5 ℃, and every day, soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is about 1/5 of cumulative volume, and in time carries out temperature control.
The influence of growth rate of hippocampus and survival rate between table 8 treatment of different temperature
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) between each processing
Research shows and be the critical point of the big hippocampus temperature of adult between 14 ℃, and less at 14 ℃ of survival rates activity that significantly do not descend, food ration is stablized, and can be used as the temperature of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of adult.
At last with the fortification group with compare test without the big hippocampus of adult of fortification, condition remains on density 50 tails/m
3, 14 ℃ of temperature, it is 25% live body children oppossum shrimp, juvenile prawn seedling that the big hippocampus of the body body weight of throwing something and feeding is formed in fortification, adds B B-complex, forming the big hippocampus of the body body weight of throwing something and feeding without fortification is 10% live body children oppossum shrimp, juvenile prawn seedling, nine to ten days by a definite date.
The growth rate of hippocampus and the influence of survival rate between table 9 Different Nutrition intensive treatment group
Annotate: a, b show the survival rate significant difference between each processing; A, B show that each the long significant difference of body (P＜0.05) research between handling shows the fortification group and forms the big hippocampus of body without fortification and compare, and growth rate increases also not obvious, but survival rate significantly rises, and when carrying out artificial overwintering, need carry out fortification.
Claims (5)
1. one kind big hippocampus overwintering culture method is characterized in that comprising the steps and measure:
1. carry out 9～10 days by a definite date foster temporarily and fortification: will culture the big hippocampus of cultivating in the pond and transfer in the different glass boxs according to sized, the breeding density of the big hippocampus of the young is 450～500 tails/m
3, medium big hippocampus breeding density is 150～180 tails/m
3, the big hippocampus breeding density of adult is 50～70 tails/m
3The big hippocampus temperature control of the young is at 19～20 ℃, and medium big hippocampus temperature control is at 15～16 ℃, and the big hippocampus temperature control of adult is at 14～15 ℃; The active bait that the big hippocampus of the young is thrown something and fed and strengthens through nutrition, active bait density remains on 10～15/ml, and the big hippocampus feeding volume of medium big hippocampus and adult is about hippocampus body weight 10～15% freezing bait or active bait; Every day, regularly soil pick-up changed water, and quantity of exchanged water is 1/10～1/5 or a cycle water of cumulative volume, is added with B B-complex in the described fortification, and this B B-complex comprises 0.1～0.15mL/m
3V
B1With 0.05～0.1mL/m
3V
B12
2. slowly cooling after the fortification is satisfied every 12h and is successively decreased 1.5～2.5 ℃ to the suitable temperature of surviving the winter of the big hippocampus of each specification, and transfers to and culture in the pond; Culture the nature seawater that uses in the pond through the deposition sand filtration; The dissolved oxygen concentration that keeps water body is more than 5mg/L, and salinity remains on 2.3%～2.5%, and the pH value is controlled at 7.6～8.5; Regularly with residual bait, dead thing and other sediment at the bottom of the absorption pond, replenish the seawater of isothermal equivalent every day.
2. according to the said big hippocampus overwintering culture method of claim 1; It is characterized in that the big hippocampus of the described young refers to that 1～2 monthly age total length is the big hippocampus of 3～6cm; Described medium big hippocampus is that 3～4 monthly age total lengths are the big hippocampus of 6～10cm, and the big hippocampus of described adult is that 5～6 monthly age total lengths are the big hippocampus of 10cm.
3. big hippocampus overwintering culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described active bait is copepod larva, mysis, oppossum shrimp adult or juvenile prawn seedling.
4. big hippocampus overwintering culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that described glass box is 2.5m * 1.5m * 2.0m.
5. big hippocampus overwintering culture method according to claim 1 is characterized in that the suitable temperature of surviving the winter of described big hippocampus is: the big hippocampus of the young temperature of surviving the winter is 19.5～20.5 ℃; The medium big hippocampus temperature of surviving the winter is 15.5～16.5 ℃; The big hippocampus of the adult temperature of surviving the winter is 13.5～14.5 ℃.
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Families Citing this family (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103444612B (en) * | 2012-05-28 | 2014-12-24 | 中国水产科学研究院东海水产研究所 | Bait feeding method for baby grey sea horses |
| CN103430880B (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2015-12-09 | 中国科学院南海海洋研究所 | A kind of optimization feeding method of hippocampus mature stage |
| CN106259117A (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2017-01-04 | 蓬莱宗哲养殖有限公司 | A kind of strain line Hippocampus healthy aquaculture method |
| CN106577372B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2019-04-16 | 宁波大学 | A kind of overwintering and artificial fecundation method of sea otter |
| CN106577559B (en) * | 2016-11-04 | 2019-04-16 | 宁波大学 | A kind of fishing and artificial domestication method of sea otter |
| CN106818562A (en) * | 2017-02-24 | 2017-06-13 | 天津农学院 | A kind of artificial culturing method of hippocampus seedling |
| CN107484683A (en) * | 2017-08-29 | 2017-12-19 | 天津农学院 | The method of northern area kind hippocampus overwintering culture a kind of and kind hippocampus survive the winter RAS systems |
| CN113711953B (en) * | 2021-08-23 | 2023-03-17 | 福建省水产研究所（福建水产病害防治中心） | Propagation and seedling raising method for hippocampus blossoming |
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| CN1379974A (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-11-20 | 中山大学 | Youngling of large sea horse and artificial cultivating method of commodity sea horse and its equipment |
| CN101401554A (en) * | 2007-10-07 | 2009-04-08 | 常庆发 | Artificial cultivation method for sea horse fry |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1379974A (en) * | 2001-04-09 | 2002-11-20 | 中山大学 | Youngling of large sea horse and artificial cultivating method of commodity sea horse and its equipment |
| CN101401554A (en) * | 2007-10-07 | 2009-04-08 | 常庆发 | Artificial cultivation method for sea horse fry |
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| 杜庆红，等.大海马人工繁殖和育苗技术研究.《台湾海峡》.2004,第23卷(第2期),186-191. * |
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