CN106857330A - A kind of cultural method of Odontobulis mpotamophila - Google Patents
A kind of cultural method of Odontobulis mpotamophila Download PDFInfo
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- CN106857330A CN106857330A CN201710111936.5A CN201710111936A CN106857330A CN 106857330 A CN106857330 A CN 106857330A CN 201710111936 A CN201710111936 A CN 201710111936A CN 106857330 A CN106857330 A CN 106857330A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/003—Aquaria; Terraria
- A01K63/006—Accessories for aquaria or terraria
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/34—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the microorganisms used
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/60—Fishing; Aquaculture; Aquafarming
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of Odontobulis mpotamophila.Comprise the following steps：A）, set up ecologic breeding model；B）, specific aquaculture management, pull unnecessary water plant out, it is ensured that water surface area coverage be no more than 80%；Rationally to control water quality, freshwater shrimp feed was fed every 1~2 day 1 time, every 5~7 days detection water quality once, is changed water 1/4~1/2 in every 2~4 days and carries out soil pick-up treatment.The scheme that the present invention is cultivated using freshwater shrimp and Odontobulis mpotamophila with the pool, is fed with expecting to freshwater shrimp, allows Odontobulis mpotamophila to prey on freshwater shrimp, efficiently solves the labour intensity of raiser；The present invention is provided with pipe fitting, water plant also in the pool, effectively alleviates kind of a phenomenon for interior competing food；The specification size of freshwater shrimp and the specification size of Odontobulis mpotamophila are maintained in a suitable scope, both avoid interspecies competition, it also avoid the competing food of irrational inter-species.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of cultural method of fish, more particularly to a kind of cultural method of Odontobulis mpotamophila.
Background technology
Odontobulis mpotamophila (Odontobutis potamophila) is commonly called as handwoven cloth fish, pool snakehead, is wild light small-sized bottom
Water fish class, lives under natural conditions in rivers, the pasture and water of lake bottom or offshore and rubble, is with small fishes and shell-fish
Staple food, is distributed mainly on the water systems such as the Changjiang river, the Zhujiang River, the Qiantang River and the Min River.It is deep to be welcome by consumer because of its delicious meat.Examine
Consider Odontobulis mpotamophila natural resources increasingly short, Zhejiang Institute of Fresh Water Aquatic Products is by Odontobutis obscura reproductive characteristic in recent years
Observation and the further optimization of propagation technique, establish maturation protects ovum, pond seed rearing as core with parent fish rearing, milter
Odontobutis obscura large size seedling seed production technology, parent population spawning rate and incubation rate all reach more than 90%, and spray seed is collected in annual
More than 1500000 tails, the seed of a large amount of high-quality is provided for Jiangsu and Zhejiang Provinces area.But found during pond rearing, seed exists obvious
Growth differences, the low situation of the rate of recapture, so as to have impact on big specification summer flower（About more than 5cm）Yield.Therefore this area is urgently
New breeding way need to be developed, to improve composite culture benefit.
The content of the invention
In order to more in depth understand the growth conditions of Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish in pond, the present invention is with the Odontobutis obscura of different size
As research object, inquire under conditions of pond ecosystem is simulated, the specific difference of juvenile growth performance, so as to provide one
The cultural method of Odontobulis mpotamophila is planted, the pond to give Odontobutis obscura is cultivated offer and instructs and advise on a large scale.
The technical scheme that the present invention is provided is specific as follows：
A kind of cultural method of Odontobulis mpotamophila, comprises the following steps：
A）, set up ecologic breeding model
A-a）, be equipped with multiple culturing pools, and oxygenating system and supply and drain water system are installed to each culturing pool；Each culturing pool is given again
And its oxygenating system and supply and drain water system carry out disinfection, cleaned after sterilization；
A-b）, choose Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish, be divided into some groups according to young fish length, some groups of juvenile fish are cultivated in step respectively
A-a）In multiple culturing pools in, the depth of water of each culturing pool maintains 50~70cm；
A-c）, selection freshwater shrimp as the living feed of Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish, and freshwater shrimp is together raised together with Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish
In in described culturing pool；
A-d）, add the algae solution rich in chlorella and wheel animalcule, planting aquatic plants on the water surface to support in culturing pool described in each
Grow the pipe fitting for being put into pond and being stayed in for Odontobutis obscura and freshwater shrimp；
B）, specific aquaculture management
Pull unnecessary water plant out, it is ensured that water surface area coverage is no more than 80%；Rationally to control water quality, fed every 1~2 day
Freshwater shrimp feed 1 time, every 5~7 days detection water quality once, is changed water 1/4~1/2 in every 2~4 days and carries out soil pick-up treatment.
In above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention, wheel animalcule can be used as freshwater shrimp and the starter diet of Odontobulis mpotamophila；And wheel animalcule can be with
Made a living with chlorella.Chlorella is then a class autotrophic type unicellular organism.And freshwater shrimp can then be raised as the standby of Odontobulis mpotamophila
Material.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, a length of 25mm~45mm of body of the Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish；The specification of freshwater shrimp is
Body 25.17 ± 3.10mm long, 0.29 ± 0.11g of body weight.
Freshwater shrimp is a kind of Omnivore, and the juvenile prawn stage is to eat with planktonic organism, into the Major Foods of shrimp in natural water area
It is that dwell minibeast, the corpse of aquatic animal, sessile algae, various thread algae, organic debris, plant of various bottoms is broken
Piece etc..The freshwater shrimp propagated artificially can ingest all feeds, such as vinasse, soybean residue, soya-bean cake, silkworm chrysalis, freshwater mussel meat, flour, fish powder, rice
Meal, spiral shell etc..Larger individuality can not be selected in the dispensing stage as the freshwater shrimp of standby feed, to keep certain with Odontobulis mpotamophila
Growth conditions diversity factor.If freshwater shrimp entirety head is big, relatively immature Odontobulis mpotamophila can be also preyed on, even if freshwater shrimp does not have
Ability preys on Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish, it is also difficult to by the relatively larger Odontobulis mpotamophila predation of head；More seriously, meeting
The competing food of inter-species is produced, although that is, freshwater shrimp will not mutually prey on Odontobulis mpotamophila, the recipe of freshwater shrimp is with Odontobulis mpotamophila extremely
Rare to partly overlap, this will cause that freshwater shrimp extrudes the living space of Odontobulis mpotamophila, be unfavorable for the cultivation of Odontobulis mpotamophila.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, three groups, wherein small fish group are divided into according to the body of Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish is long
Below 30mm, middle fish group 30mm~35mm, big more than fish group 35mm.
Used as the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the water in culturing pool is the pond water of filtering.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, when being grouped to the Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish, also want husky in guarantor unit's water body
The body weight of sleeper juvenile fish is consistent, i.e., the every group overall method of double differences is in 2g/m3It is interior.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, when being grouped to the Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish, also want husky in guarantor unit's water body
The body weight of sleeper juvenile fish is consistent, i.e., the every group overall method of double differences is in 1.5g/m3It is interior.
Odontobulis mpotamophila is that a kind of small-sized bottom is dwelt carnivorous freshwater fish, and wild Odontobulis mpotamophila is violent, and happiness is caught
Food small fishes, Shrimp waste, freshwater mussel shellfish or spiral shell etc..Usual predacious fish is after cultivation, it is also possible to receive animal protein content compared with
Mixed feed high.But except Odontobulis mpotamophila, there is not been reported to raise successful example using mixed feed.This is accomplished by
Its feed, such as small fishes are synchronously cultivated during cultivation Odontobulis mpotamophila.But Odontobulis mpotamophila in juvenile fish stage prey ability still
It is weak, Burden-Swimming Ability of KM can only be selected poor and small-sized aquatile not high is defendd, and feeding of the small fishes as it can not be enabled
Material.It is further noted that Odontobulis mpotamophila still plants the fish of interior competing food, that is, the larger Odontobulis mpotamophila meeting of head
The predation less Odontobulis mpotamophila of head.This phenomenon does not only result in the decline of overall survival, causes that small fish are difficult to yet
Grow up, the living space of the heavy compression weak tendency shoal of fish.
The present invention employs the scheme for being classified Odontobulis mpotamophila by build, at the beginning of dispensing when solving the above problems
To be controlled within ± 0.05cm with the individual difference of group.After it have passed through the nursing of 2~4 weeks, part fish head in small fish group
The head of part fish in middle fish group, the head of part fish in even big fish group will be exceeded.In this case, it is also possible to continue
2~4 are fed, until big specification summer flower goes out the pool.
Preferably, the present invention is after it have passed through the nursing of 2~4 weeks, the Odontobulis mpotamophila is classified by build again,
Now individual difference control is within ± 0.5cm.
Classification is not only a larger work of intensity again after due to fishing for, and also can influence rivers and creeks husky within a period of time
The feed of sleeper, also halts food；Generally stop eating 1~5.This is accomplished by a kind of rapid and influences small hierarchy plan to the shoal of fish, no
May then lose more than gain.
Fish pond is set to the form of plural serial stage when this problem is solved for the present inventor.Set multiple relatively only
Fish pond that is vertical and connecting together, makes two adjacent fish ponds be communicated at dyke.Same group of fish is delivered at the beginning
In first pond, next door pond is thrown near the connectivity part of dyke and supports more freshwater shrimp, the first pond away from dyke connection
Place is thrown and supports a small amount of freshwater shrimp, and stone, pipe fitting, the water plant for being easy to freshwater shrimp and Odontobulis mpotamophila to stay in all are placed with two ponds
Deng；And selecting a fixed time period in the connectivity part drainage 1~2 hour of dyke in every afternoon, the drainage refers to use water
Pipe is from next door pond to the first pond diversion.In aquaculture management, as long as cultivating based on freshwater shrimp, and freshwater shrimp feed feeds just
Without being so particular about, as long as next door pond feeds more freshwater shrimp feed, less freshwater shrimp feed is fed i.e. in the first pond
Can.After 2~4 weeks, the first pond and next door pond gradually form differentiation, and the Odontobulis mpotamophila in the first pond is integrally less than normal, every
Odontobulis mpotamophila in wall pond is integrally bigger than normal.Such as need to again be classified, next door pond can be considered as the first pond, by the 3rd pond
Be considered as next door pond carries out once-through operation again.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the water plant be selected from one kind in water peanut, water lettuce and duckweed or
It is various.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the pipe fitting be cylindric plastic tube, 15cm~45cm long, diameter 5cm~
15cm, quantity 8~12.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the step of adding EM bacteria preparations is additionally included in culturing pool, EM bacteria preparations
It is freer to add opportunity, before water quality is without substantially deteriorating.Even if water quality deterioration, regulation of the EM bacterium to water quality is added
There is effect, it might even be possible to reverse water quality.And generally need to change water after water quality deterioration, change water operation fairly simple in test.Examine
Considering this technology will finally promote, and when the cultivation of the outdoor pond pool is carried out after Technique Popularizing, changing water operation just becomes phase
Work as difficulty.Therefore, this situation will be in test taken into full account, in the case of unavoidable, free-changing water will be kept away as far as possible.Simultaneously
It is also required to it is considered that during pond culture, because the water in pond is big, the biological species multi-quantity comprising microorganism in interior pond
Greatly, it is a more stable ecosystem, the self-purification capacity of water is also stronger.Therefore, we are in test, it is allowed to change on a small scale
Water, in the hope of solving the metastable problem of water quality.In terms of volume, it can change water 1/3 in every 2~3 days generally to change water.
There is word in cultivation industry, breed fish and support water.It is only that water quality is conditioned, can just raise the fish of health, Cai Nengyang
Yield.And the quality of water quality be nor can in short summarize, influence water limpid degree factor be mainly it is solid in water
The amount of body suspended particle.Archaism has cloud, and when the water is too clear there are no fish illustrates fish and do not like special clear water, and certain water is muddy
It is turbid also not all right.And it is the various biochemical indicators of what is more important, such as the amount of eutrophication pollution thing, dissolved oxygen content, beneficial
Amount, harmful microbe amount, aquatic products toxin of microorganism etc..It is wherein the most key with dissolved oxygen content and aquatic products content of toxins.
Harmful microorganism meeting direct infection fish or secondary metabolite in other water influence the survival condition of fish.Aquatic products toxin
Mainly include chrysanthemum ester insecticide, organophosphorus insecticides, avermectins, heavy metallic salt, villaumite, nitrite,
Hydrogen sulfide, ammonia nitrogen, algae toxin etc..In the prior art, conditioning water quality is generally using physics oxygenation, complexing agent, specific
Chemical antidote etc..Because in actually cultivation, raiser hardly results in the technical support of real-time water analysis, and raiser is usual
It is merely able to medication by rule of thumb.And can be by the extreme influence of weather, sometimes because the formation of spray and hot weather, cause
Water quality is set significantly to deteriorate, it mainly makes the dissolved oxygen in water drastically decline the rapid breeding with anerobe, and if now
A burst of thunderstorm gets off, and may rapidly reverse this situation, then cause that the various materials around pond are taken to by rain drop erosion
In pond, anerobe is diluted, and the dissolved oxygen problem in pond is also resolved, but significantly increases pond simultaneously
Aquatic products toxin in the pool.Under existing technical system, ensure that the technological means of water quality is relatively single, and be difficult to know water quality
The essential reason of change, targetedly disposes so as to make.The water of the intrinsic ecosystem in fish pond can only be relied on to a greater extent
Matter self-purification capacity.Fish pond area is bigger, then water self-cleaning ability is higher, but for raiser, this is also bigger cultivation wind
Danger.In above-mentioned technical proposal of the present invention, water quality is adjusted using EM bacteria preparations.EM bacterium are a kind of probiotics, are also corresponded to
A kind of buffer preparation, on the one hand it can produce secondary metabolite to the toxin in water resistant, while it can also help set up more
It is the complicated ecosystem, so as to self-purification capacity of increasing water quality.
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, the culturing pool be glass fiber reinforced plastic breeding pond, specification be 190cm × 160cm ×
100cm。
As the preferred of above-mentioned technical proposal, in terms of weight ratio, the freshwater shrimp throwing support amount for Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish amount 5~
10 times.
The invention has the advantages that：
1st, the scheme that the present invention is cultivated using freshwater shrimp and Odontobulis mpotamophila with the pool, is fed with expecting to freshwater shrimp, allows Odontobulis mpotamophila to prey on
Freshwater shrimp, it is to avoid need timing to feed the problem of living feed to Odontobulis mpotamophila when Odontobulis mpotamophila is individually cultivated, effectively solve
Determine the labour intensity of raiser；
2nd, the present invention is provided with pipe fitting, water plant in the pool, and the growth ring of relative comfort is both provided to freshwater shrimp and Odontobutis obscura
Border, also hides enemy there is provided certain space to them, effectively alleviates kind of a phenomenon for interior competing food；
3rd, the present invention jointly controls water quality using periodically partly changing water and add the scheme of EM bacteria preparations, to freshwater shrimp and rivers and creeks Sha Tang
Murrel provides a good growing environment；
4th, in technical solution of the present invention, the specification size of freshwater shrimp and the specification size of Odontobulis mpotamophila are maintained at a suitable model
In enclosing, interspecies competition is both avoided, it also avoid the competing food of irrational inter-species.
Specific embodiment
The present invention is further detailed below.
This specific embodiment is only explanation of the invention, is not limitation of the present invention, people in the art
As long as any change that member is made after specification of the invention has been read is in the range of claims, all will be by specially
The protection of sharp method.
1. material and method
1.1 test periods, place and condition
Test was carried out on the 28th to September on the 23rd in August in 2016, culturing time 37 days.Ground for Zhejiang Province's fresh water aquatic products in cultivation place
Study carefully glass fiber reinforced plastic breeding pond in the workshop in institute Bali shop compbined test base, culturing pool specification is the cm x 100 of 190 cm x 160
Centimetre, equipped with oxygenation and supply and drain water system.
1.2 Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish are put in a suitable place to breed
August 22 days, tail of Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish 200 or so is fished for out from fry culturing pond, and body survey long and body weight is carried out one by one
Amount, according to actual conditions, 3 different groups, respectively big fish group is divided into according to young fish length（Body 35mm-45mm long）, middle fish group
（Body 30-35mm long）With small fish group（Body 25-30mm long）.In guarantor unit, water vivo body weight is consistent（22.2±1.48 g/m3）
On the premise of, have chosen 30 advanced fries（Body 40.89 ± 5.35mm long, 1.62 ± 0.78g of body weight）, 62 medium fries
（Body 32.28 ± 1.33mm long, 0.75 ± 0.15g of body weight）With 87 hatchings（Body 26.67 ± 2.41mm long, body weight 0.47
±0.12g）.Three groups of fishes are respectively placed in different glass fiber reinforced plastic breeding ponds, and the depth of water is maintained at 60 cms.
1.3 bait shrimps are put in a suitable place to breed
The small freshwater shrimp of 10,000 tails or so was fished in same day on-test（Body 25.17 ± 3.10mm long, 0.29 ± 0.11g of body weight）Make
It is standby bait shrimp, feeds the small freshwater shrimp of 300g during on-test respectively in three culturing pools, 20 is measured after off-test
The body of tail shrimp is long, body length and body weight, to understand growth conditions of the bait shrimp in experimental stage.
The foundation of 1.4 simulation pond ecologicals
After the pond water for adding filtering in culturing pool, the algae solution rich in chlorella and wheel animalcule is added, therefore planted on the water surface
The water plants such as water peanut, water lettuce and duckweed, it is contemplated that Odontobutis obscura and freshwater shrimp are all liked in shady place activity, each pond daytime
10 24cm long are put into son, the cylindric plastic tube of diameter 9.5cm is hidden oneself for Odontobutis obscura.
1.5 feedings and managements
The quantity and state of daily observation shrimp, it is ensured that Odontobutis obscura has enough bait to supply.Pull unnecessary duckweed out daily, it is ensured that
Water surface area coverage is no more than 80%.In addition, rationally to control water quality, freshwater shrimp feed is fed every three days 1 time, water is detected weekly
Matter once, is changed water 1/3 in every 3 days and carries out soil pick-up treatment.
2 result of the tests
2.1 growing states are analyzed
During on-test, the Odontobutis obscura of input 179, TBW is 121.5g, and 0.71 ± 0.36g of average weight, average body is long
30.81 ± 4.98 mm, totally 149 fishes during off-test, body weight is generally 478.51g, and average weight is 3.21 ± 2.55g, is put down
A length of 48.23 ± the 12.90mm of equal body（Specific data refer to table 1）.Total survival rate is 83%, wherein, big fish group, middle fish group and
The survival rate of small fish group is respectively 80%, 87.1% and 81.6%.Overall specific growth rate SGR (SGR=100* (lnW ends-lnW
Just)/t (cultivation number of days)) be 4.07%, wherein the specific growth rate of big fish group, middle fish group and small fish group be respectively 3.72%,
3.71% and 4.78%.The body of each group coefficient of variation long and body weight after experiment（C.V =（Standard deviation/average value）×100%）
All increased, the Body Weight Variation coefficient of middle fish group is increased to be especially apparent, and reaches 87.6%.
Table 1：The front and rear contrast of Odontobutis obscura growth conditions
The growing state analysis of 2.2 different size Odontobutis obscuras
After culture experiment, the phenomenon of obvious growth differences is occurred in that in each test group, i.e., large, medium and small individual differentiation is bright
It is aobvious, therefore artificial more than 55mm is divided into by body is long（It is big specification fish）, 55-35mm（Medium format fish）With below 35mm（It is small
Specification fish）Group is analyzed.Research finds the most fish in big fish group（62.5%）The fish of big specification is all grown to serve as, only
There is 37.5% fish still in middle specification, but average body is long has been also up to 50mm or so for its, although and body is long to be more or less the same,
But the body weight of the fish of big specification is but 2.5 times of middle specification fish.In middle fish group, the medium format fish proportion of 35-55mm
It is larger（46.3%）, and the fish proportion of big specification and small dimension is more or less the same, but body weight aspect, big specification fish is medium
2.8 times and 11.1 times of specification and small dimension fish body weight.In small fish group, big specification fish proportion is larger（43.1%）, big rule
Lattice fish is 2.3 and 7.4 times of medium format body weight, 2.84 times and 11.1 times of small dimension fish body weight, it is notable that small
The body of the small dimension fish in fish group is long and body weight is all more somewhat larger than medium fish.
Table 2：Three treatment group growth conditions analyses
The state of 2.3 bait shrimps
Freshwater shrimp 1500g is put into during experiment altogether, remaining freshwater shrimp 760g after off-test, freshwater shrimp growth conditions are also sent out during experiment
Change has been given birth to, 3 have been the results are shown in Table.Average body body length difference long and average before and after cultivation is little, but average weight increases
1.5 times, it is notable that every coefficient of variation of freshwater shrimp substantially increases after experiment, especially the coefficient of variation of body weight, reaches
To 83.3%.
Table 3：The front and rear contrast of freshwater shrimp growth conditions
3. discuss：
The coefficient of variation can reflect data discrete degree, and phenomenon is mutually killed and devour in presence kind this for research Odontobutis obscura and freshwater shrimp
Biochron, introduce the coefficient of variation this index tool and have very important significance.Found in this experiment, middle fish group body is long and body weight
The coefficient of variation be minimum before on-test, and be changed into highest after off-test, especially the dispersion of body weight reaches
87.6%, such case is probably due to there is significant proportion in medium fish group（25%）Small dimension fish, this portion is found in experiment
Divide fish almost seldom to be ingested in whole process, often slowly move about in water surface upper strata or lie prone on cultivation pool wall, analyze them and go out
Existing this performance is probably to escape the predation of the Odontobutis obscura or freshwater shrimp of the big specification hidden in bottom of pond.And small fish group in testing
This phenomenon is so obvious not as middle fish group, it may be possible to because universal all smaller, the shadow between each fish of the fish of early stage small fish group
Sound is smaller, and early stage has preferable growing space.And, every coefficient of variation of freshwater shrimp substantially increases after experiment, especially body weight
The coefficient of variation reached 83.3% because after experiment between freshwater shrimp individuality difference in size substantially, pole maximum and minimum is individual shared
Caused by large percentage, or even the phenomenon of small dimension Odontobutis obscura is chased and preys in the presence of the freshwater shrimp of big specification.
Research for these three different disposal groups finds that the fish in big fish group can well prey on freshwater shrimp, body weight gain
All increase quickly, and the small dimension fish in medium fish and small fish all in the presence of 1/4 or so can not prey on freshwater shrimp, and they are carried out finely
Raise（Feed the freshwater shrimp of more small dimension）, also can not all improve the state that they do not take food, thus it is speculated that bait is inadequate or field
Under state, this part fish will be preyed on by bigger fish or shrimp, and so as to reduce overall survival rate, this phenomenon is special case
Still be widely present, the reason for cause this phenomenon specifically what, will be the emphasis of next step research.Therefore in actual production
In should carry out multiple seedling separation in the case of conditions permit（Time interval 15-30 days）, so as to reduce residual in the kind of Odontobutis obscura
Food, improves yield.
4. summarize：
Exploration of this experiment to this pattern of simulation pond ecological, not only ensure that Odontobutis obscura has survival rate higher, also more
Intuitively, the deep growth conditions for understanding Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish in pond, added to growth critical period, different size Odontobutis obscura children
The research of fish, has certain guiding value for actual pond production.In addition, the method can be steady in a long-term carry out the husky pool
The indoor regulation and control experiment of murrel, this will provide and can grasp for the more in-depth study such as the breeding of later Odontobutis obscura, growth, immune
The property made.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of cultural method of Odontobulis mpotamophila, comprises the following steps：
A）, set up ecologic breeding model
A-a）, be equipped with multiple culturing pools, and oxygenating system and supply and drain water system are installed to each culturing pool；Each culturing pool is given again
And its oxygenating system and supply and drain water system carry out disinfection, cleaned after sterilization；
A-b）, choose Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish, be divided into some groups according to young fish length, some groups of juvenile fish are cultivated in step respectively
a）In multiple culturing pools in, the depth of water of each culturing pool maintains 50~70cm；
A-c）, selection freshwater shrimp as the living feed of Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish, and freshwater shrimp is together raised together with Odontobulis mpotamophila juvenile fish
In in described culturing pool；
A-d）, add the algae solution rich in chlorella and wheel animalcule, planting aquatic plants on the water surface to support in culturing pool described in each
Grow the pipe fitting for being put into pond and being stayed in for Odontobutis obscura and freshwater shrimp；
B）, specific aquaculture management
Pull unnecessary water plant out, it is ensured that water surface area coverage is no more than 80%；Rationally to control water quality, fed every 1~2 day
Freshwater shrimp feed 1 time, every 5~7 days detection water quality once, is changed water 1/4~1/2 in every 2~4 days and carries out soil pick-up treatment.
2. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish
A length of 25mm~the 45mm of body；The specification of freshwater shrimp is body 25.17 ± 3.10mm long, 0.29 ± 0.11g of body weight.
3. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：According to Odontobulis mpotamophila children
The body of fish is long to be divided into three groups, wherein below small fish group 30mm, middle fish group 30mm~35mm, big more than fish group 35mm.
4. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Water in culturing pool was
The pond water of filter.
5. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：To Odontobutis obscura children
When fish is grouped, also want the body weight of Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish in guarantor unit's water body consistent, i.e., the every group overall method of double differences is in 2g/m3It is interior.
6. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：To Odontobutis obscura children
When fish is grouped, also want the body weight of Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish in guarantor unit's water body consistent, i.e., the every group overall method of double differences is in 1.5g/m3It is interior.
7. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The water plant is selected from
One or more in water peanut, water lettuce and duckweed.
8. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The pipe fitting is 8~12
The cylindric plastic tube of individual 15cm~45cm diameters 5cm~15cm long.
9. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The culturing pool is glass
Steel culturing pool, specification is 190cm × 160cm × 100cm.
10. the cultural method of a kind of Odontobulis mpotamophila according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：It is described in terms of weight ratio
The throwing amount of supporting of freshwater shrimp is 5~10 times of Odontobutis obscura juvenile fish amount.
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Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN109042403A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-21 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The high-yield cultivation method of Odontobutis obscura |
| CN114190305A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-18 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Odontobutis obscura fry grading cultivation method |
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2017
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Non-Patent Citations (2)
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| 王吉祥等: "蟹池套养沙塘鳢高效养殖技术", 《水产养殖》 * |
| 落寞情人节: "沙塘鳢", 《百度百科》 * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109042403A (en) * | 2018-08-17 | 2018-12-21 | 苏州市相城区阳澄湖镇剑美水产生态养殖专业合作社 | The high-yield cultivation method of Odontobutis obscura |
| CN114190305A (en) * | 2021-12-13 | 2022-03-18 | 江苏省淡水水产研究所 | Odontobutis obscura fry grading cultivation method |
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