CN102137662B - 含有新型表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯三聚体及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯聚合物的α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂 - Google Patents
含有新型表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯三聚体及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯聚合物的α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及含有新型表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯三聚体及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯聚合物的α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。通过α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用,可抑制来自就餐时产生的淀粉、多糖的糖分的分解并抑制吸收。可通过将α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂添加在饮食品等中,提供α‑葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用优异、以抑制糖吸收进而长期预防糖尿病为目的的饮食品。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及含有新型表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯三聚体及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯聚合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。
背景技术
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制物质通过抑制定位于小肠上皮上的α-葡萄糖苷酶,抑制·推迟糖类的分解·吸收,从而具有抑制血糖值上升的作用。因此,α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制物质对由慢性高血糖症状引起的糖尿病、肥胖症等各种疾病有效。自从1933年在麦芽成分中发现了α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性之后,又相继发现了来自小麦、豆类等植物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制物质。
1966年,从微生物代谢产物中分离出具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的野尻霉素并确定了结构。已知作为该类似化合物的1-脱氧野尻霉素可从桑叶提取物中获得,具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,还公开了不使其活性降低的提取方法(专利文献1)。
此外,还有如下报道,具有从Kothala himbutu的根提取物中分离的具有亚砜的13元环环多醇结构的物质,具有IC50为0.093μM的高麦芽糖酶抑制活性(专利文献2)。
另外,还报道了作为从牵牛花、紫薯的根中分离的花色素苷化合物,二酰化的花葵素(IC50为60-107μM)、花青素(IC50为193μM)、甲基花青素的3-槐糖甙-5-葡萄糖苷(IC50为200μM)具有麦芽糖酶抑制活性(非专利文献1)。而且,茶叶中含有的茶双没食子儿茶素A(Theasinensin A)(IC50为142μM的麦芽糖酶抑制活性)、具有没食子酰基的茶黄素衍生物、具有以表阿夫儿茶精没食子酸酯为结构单元的原花色素等中也发现有麦芽糖酶抑制活性。但是,具有没食子酰基的茶黄素衍生物虽具有IC50为10~136μM的麦芽糖酶抑制活性,在茶叶中的含量为0.1~0.2%,非常少(非专利文献2)。
有报道指出红茶的茶黄素及绿茶的儿茶素类具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性(非专利文献2),在儿茶素类中,发现3位具有没食子酰基的(-)-表没食子酸儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯(以下也称为“EGCG”)、(-)-表儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯具有活性;在茶黄素类中,发现茶黄素-3-O-没食子酸酯、茶黄素-3,3’-二-O-没食子酸酯具有活性。关于红茶中的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性,对其分离物等进行了分析,可知在通过发酵进行了聚合的高分子组分中也具有活性(非专利文献3)。
现有技术文献
专利文献
专利文献1 日本特开2007-60908
专利文献2 日本特开2008-137925
专利文献3 日本特开2007-231009
非专利文献
非专利文献1 J.Agric.Food Chem.2001,49,1952-1956
非专利文献2 J.Agric.Food.Chem.,55,99-105,2007
非专利文献3 Chem.Pharm.Bull.56(3),266-272,2008
发明内容
如上所述,已有关于具有α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的植物提取物等的报道。但是,例如即使某些植物的提取物具有所需效果,但只要不明确其中所含有的活性成分,则因为其来自天然物质,所以难于稳定地提供α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。而且,如果是来自嗜好性低的植物的抑制剂的情况,在作为饮食物利用时,可以预料将会影响香味及安全性。
本发明者在考虑作为饮食物利用,着眼于日常饮用的茶中所含有的成分进行锐意研究的结果,证实了EGCG聚合物抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的作用。其中,作为新型化合物的(2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-6-基)甲基)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-6-基)甲基)-5,7-二羟基-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-3-基3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸酯[(2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-6-yl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-6-yl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate](以下称为“乌龙双黄烷(oolong homo bis flavans)-三聚体-2”)、(2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-6-(((2R,3R)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-6-基)甲基)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-8-基)甲基)-5,7-二羟基-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-3-基3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸酯[(2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-6-(((2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-6-yl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-8-yl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate](以下称为“乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4”)、(2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-8-基)甲基)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-6-基)甲基)-5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-6-基)甲基)-5,7-二羟基-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-3-基3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸酯[(2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-8-(((2R,3R)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-8-yl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-6-yl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-6-yl)methyl)-5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-3-yl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate](以下称为“乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1”)、(2R,2’R,3R,3’R)-8,8’-(2R,2’R,3R,3’R)-8,8’-亚甲基双(5,7-二羟基-3-(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酰氧基)-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-8,6-二基)双(甲基ene)双(5,7-二羟基-2-(3,4,5-三羟基苯基)色满-8,3-二基)双(3,4,5-三羟基苯甲酸酯)[(2R,2’R,3R,3’R)-8,8’-(2R,2’R,3R,3’R)-8,8’-methylenebis(5,7-dihydroxy-3-(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoyloxy)-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-8,6-diyl)bis(methylene)bis(5,7-dihydroxy-2-(3,4,5-trihydroxyphenyl)chroman-8,3-diyl)bis(3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate)](以下称为“乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2”)中的抑制活性显著,与作为单体的EGCG、作为EGCG的二聚体的茶黄素类和TSN-A相比显示出更强的抑制活性。特别是乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4、乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1与EGCG单体相比,发现有10倍以上强的抑制活性。此外,在二聚体中,发现TSN-D、乌龙双黄烷-B具有强的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性。
这些化合物通过抑制定位于小肠上皮上的α-葡萄糖苷酶,抑制糖类的分解并抑制及/或推迟吸收,从而抑制血糖值的上升。而且,因为任一化合物均是乌龙茶中所含有的儿茶素(EGCG)聚合物,所以,香味、安全性优异,可长期摄取。从以上论述中发现,通过将α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂添加在饮食品等中,可提供以抑制就餐时产生的糖分的吸收、进而长期预防及/或治疗由慢性高血糖症状引起的糖尿病为目的饮食品,从而完成了本发明。
即本发明为作为新型化合物的式1或式2所示的化合物或其盐:
在此,R为没食子酰基或H。
而且,本发明为含有式1或2所示的化合物或其盐的饮食品或医药组合物。
此外,本发明为以EGCG二聚体、三聚体及/或四聚体为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。且本发明为以EGCG三聚体及/或四聚体为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。
且本发明为以EGCG二聚体、三聚体及/或四聚体为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,其中,EGCG二聚体为茶双没食子儿茶素-D(Theasinensin D)及/或乌龙双黄烷-A,EGCG三聚体为选自乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2、及乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4中的一种以上,EGCG四聚体为乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1及/或乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2。而且,本发明为以EGCG三聚体或四聚体为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,其中,EGCG三聚体为乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4、EGCG四聚体为乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1。
而且,本发明为添加了上述α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的抑制血糖值上升用组合物或糖尿病预防及/或治疗剂。
本发明为含有新型表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯三聚体及表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯聚合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。这些α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂通过抑制定位于小肠上皮上的α-葡萄糖苷酶,抑制糖类的分解并抑制及/或推迟吸收,从而抑制血糖值的上升。因此,通过将这些α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂添加在饮食品等中,可提供以抑制就餐时产生的糖分的吸收、进而长期预防及/或治疗由慢性高血糖症状引起的糖尿病为目的饮食品。
附图说明
图1表示化合物3的1HNMR光谱。
图2表示化合物3的13CNMR光谱。
图3表示化合物4的1HNMR光谱。
图4表示化合物4的13CNMR光谱。
图5表示化合物1的1HNMR光谱。
图6表示化合物1的13CNMR光谱。
图7表示化合物2的1HNMR光谱。
图8表示化合物2的13CNMR光谱。
图9表示乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2的结构。
图10表示乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4的结构。
图11表示乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1的结构。
图12表示乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2的结构。
具体实施方式
新型化合物
本发明涉及EGCG三聚体的新型化合物。
本发明的化合物为式1或式2所示的化合物或其盐:
在此,R为没食子酰基或H。
式1或式2所示的化合物中,结构单元的色满环的2位及3位上存在不对称中心。
式1所示的化合物根据单体EGCG的结合方式,可标记为EGCG6:8EGCG6:8EGCG。式2所示的化合物根据单体EGCG的结合方式,可标记为EGCG8:8EGCG6:6EGCG。
式1所示的化合物中,R为没食子酰基的化合物为本说明书中所述的乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2。且式2所示的化合物中,R为没食子酰基的化合物为本说明书中所述的乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4。没食子酰基可通过水解除去。此种水解可使用氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸氢钠及碳酸钠等碱性化合物的水溶液或具有单宁酶活性的酶等的水解酶进行。在该种水解过程中,通常产生3个没食子酸酯基中的1个、2个或3个被除去后的多种化合物的混合物。此时,例如可通过使用利用HP-20(三菱化学株式会社制)等的苯乙烯类吸附树脂、Shephadex LH-20等的葡聚糖类树脂的开管柱色谱法及高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等公知纯化方法,从此种混合物中分离各化合物。
本发明也涉及式1或式2所示的化合物的盐。
作为此种盐,只要是可由式1或2所示的化合物形成的盐,无特别限制,优选医药上可允许的盐。
例如,可例举式1或2所示的化合物的锂盐、钠盐、钾盐、钙盐及镁盐等与周期表1族或2族金属元素形成的金属盐。此种金属盐例如可在式1或2所示的化合物的羟基(酚性羟基、R中的任一个或全部均为H的羟基)上形成。
例如在非质子性溶剂中,可通过使式1或2所示的化合物与金属钠或氢化钠反应,使羟基(-OH)转变为烃氧基钠基(-ONa),以制造式1或2所示的化合物的钠盐。而且,通过调节金属钠或氢化钠的使用量,可使式1或2所示的化合物中所含有的全部羟基转变为烃氧基钠基,且也可仅使羟基的一部分转变为烃氧基钠基。
本发明的式1或2所示化合物可如下制造。
R均为没食子酸酯基的化合物可通过使EGCG在溶剂中、在酸的存在下与甲醛进行反应来制造。
作为可用于反应的溶剂,例如可例举甲醇及乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇等的醇类。溶剂的使用量无特别限制,例如,相对于1质量份的EGCG可使用20~200质量份的溶剂。
作为酸,例如可使用盐酸、硫酸及硝酸等的无机酸,甲酸及乙酸等的有机酸等。酸的使用量无特别限制,例如,相对于1摩尔的EGCG可使用0.01~2摩尔的酸。
例如相对于1摩尔的EGCG,可使用1~100摩尔的甲醛。
反应的温度及时间可根据所使用的溶剂量等的不同而改变,例如,反应温度为-10~50℃,反应时间为0.2~12小时。典型地来说,反应温度为室温(25℃左右)。
R均为H(氢原子)的式1或2所示的化合物可通过使用(-)-表没食子酸儿茶素代替(-)-表没食子酸儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯,并与上述同样与甲醛反应来制造。
通过使(-)-表没食子酸儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯或(-)-表没食子酸儿茶素与甲醛反应而得到的生成物通常是如下色满聚合物化合物的混合物,其含有通过亚甲基连接色满环的连接方式不同的化合物中的至少两种化合物。而且,例如可通过使用利用HP-20(三菱化学株式会社制)等的苯乙烯类吸附树脂、Shephadex LH-20等的葡聚糖类树脂的开管柱色谱法及高效液相色谱法(HPLC)等公知纯化方法,从上述混合物中分离式1或2所示的各化合物。
本发明中的式1或2所示的化合物为新型化合物但如后面实施例所述,已证实其存在于乌龙茶中。因此,本发明化合物通过从以茶树(Camellia sinensis)叶为原料的茶类中,优选从乌龙茶、红茶等的发酵茶或烘焙茶等中提取、纯化来分离。
含有新型EGCG三聚体的饮食品、医药组合物
本发明涉及含有所述新型三聚体或其盐中的至少一种的饮食品或医药组合物。
含有本发明化合物的饮料的例子为清凉饮料、茶饮料、液状强壮剂、保健饮料、营养补充饮料、运动饮料、碳酸饮料等(包括这些饮料的浓缩原液及制备用粉末),食品的例子为口香糖、糖果、果冻、压片糖、保健食品、营养补充食品、营养强化剂等。
将本发明化合物作为糖尿病预防药等的医药使用时,以散剂、颗粒剂、片剂、胶囊剂、液剂、注射剂等形态提供。可将本发明的化合物或其盐直接或用水等稀释后口服给药。或通过将其与公知的医药用载体一起制成制剂来制备。例如,可将本发明化合物或其盐作为糖浆剂等的口服液状制剂,或加工成提取物、粉末等,与药学上允许的载体配合,作为片剂、胶囊剂、颗粒剂、散剂等的口服固体制剂给药。作为药学可允许的载体,使用作为制剂材料常用的各种有机或无机载体物质,配合其作为固体制剂中的赋形剂、润滑剂、粘合剂、崩解剂,配合液状制剂中的溶剂、赋形剂、悬浮剂、粘合剂等。且也可根据需要使用防腐剂、抗氧化剂、着色剂、甜味剂等的制剂添加剂。
可在含有本发明化合物的饮食品或医药组合物中以任意浓度含有本发明化合物。优选与作为本发明化合物的所述新型三聚体或其盐中的至少一种合计以0.18~20μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.3~10μg/ml的浓度含有。
且有效用量可根据患者的年齢及体重、疾病的种类及危重程度以及给药途径适当确定。
以EGCG二聚体、三聚体及/或四聚体为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂
本发明为以EGCG聚合物为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。更加具体地说,是以EGCG二~四聚体为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂。
作为有效成分的EGCG聚合物、特别是EGCG二~四聚体可通过上述的合成·纯化方法或从天然物中分离纯化的方法获得。
EGCG聚合物作为EGCG以任何形式聚合而成的化合物的总称来使用,包含在色满环的6位及/或8位上通过亚甲基聚合的二聚体以上的化合物,如茶双没食子儿茶素-A(Theasinensin A)或茶双没食子儿茶素-D(Theasinensin D)通过B环2’位之间以C-C结合的结合方式聚合而成的二聚体以上的化合物,如oolong theanine gallate通过B环之间缩合的结合方式聚合而成的二聚体以上的化合物。
作为EGCG二~四聚体,可例举二聚体的茶双没食子儿茶素-D(Theasinensin D)及乌龙双黄烷-B、三聚体的乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2、及乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4、四聚体的乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1及乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2。其中,特别是乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4及乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1具有高活性。
在本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂中能以任意比例含有作为有效成分的EGCG二~四聚体。优选与作为有效成分的EGCG二~四聚体合计以0.45~50μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.7~25μg/ml的浓度含有。
或本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂将二聚体茶双没食子儿茶素-D(TheasinensinD)及/或乌龙双黄烷-B以0.1~200μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.25~120μg/ml的浓度含有。或本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂将三聚体的乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2及/或乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4以0.18~20μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.3~10μg/ml的浓度含有。或本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂将四聚体的乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1及/或乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2以0.06~20μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.12~10μg/ml的浓度含有。
α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性的测定也可根据背景技术中所述的现有申请中记载的任何α-葡萄糖苷酶活性评价法进行。另外,还可根据后述实施例2中所示的方法评价。根据通常方法,抑制活性也可用抑制酶活性50%的试样量IC50表示。
本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂与以往已知的来自天然物的α-葡萄糖苷酶相比,少量即可抑制来自就餐时产生的淀粉、多糖的糖分的分解并抑制吸收。且由于任何化合物均为乌龙茶等中含有的儿茶素(EGCG)聚合物,所以香味、安全性优异,可长期摄取。
添加了以EGCG二聚体、三聚体及/或四聚体为有效成分的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂的
抑制血糖值上升用组合物或糖尿病预防及/或治疗剂
通过将本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂添加在饮食品等中,可提供以抑制就餐时产生的糖分的吸收、进而长期预防及/或治疗由慢性高血糖症状引起的糖尿病为目的饮食品。
本发明的饮食品、医药组合物中,可以任意比例含有作为有效成分的EGCG二~四聚体。优选与作为有效成分的EGCG二~四聚体合计以0.45~50μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.7~25μg/ml的浓度、特别优选以0.7~10μg/ml的浓度含有。
或本发明的饮食品、医药组合物将二聚体的茶双没食子儿茶素-D(TheasinensinD)及/或乌龙双黄烷-B以0.1~200μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.25~120μg/ml的浓度含有。或本发明的饮食品、医药组合物将三聚体的乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2及/或乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4以0.18~20μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.3~10μg/ml的浓度含有。或本发明的饮食品、医药组合物将四聚体的乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1及/或乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2以0.06~20μg/ml的浓度含有,更优选以0.12~10μg/ml的浓度含有。
本发明中的有效成分的使用量因使用方法的不同而不同,但只要是能发挥α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制作用的量,无特别限定,例如在制备以抑制血糖值上升、预防及/或治疗糖尿病为目的饮食品时,可配合本发明的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制剂,使其能以每天10μg~600mg、优选为50μg~100mg、更优选为100μg~100mg的程度摄取。
实施例
根据实施例进一步详细说明本发明,但本发明不受实施例限制。
实施例1
EGCG聚合物的合成及纯化
1.合成和通过开管柱的分离:
将6g的EGCG(roche公司。Teavigo(注册商标))溶解于含有0.02N HCl的120ml乙醇中,加入4%甲醛的乙醇溶液180ml,室温下搅拌4小时。反应结束后,用纯水稀释至10倍,加入到吸附树脂CHP-20P柱(600ml、37-75μm、三菱化学株式会社)中。用1200ml的水洗涤后,用900ml的25%CH3CN、1200ml的30%CH3CN依次洗脱,25%CH3CN洗脱组分分成每个300ml的3个馏分(fr.1~fr.3),30%CH3CN洗脱组分分成每个300ml的4个馏分(fr.4~fr.7)。
2.制备型HPLC条件:
将用CHP-20P柱纯化获得的分离物进一步用反相制备型HPLC纯化。
<条件>
色谱柱:Develosil ODS-HG-5(5cmφx50cm,野村化学株式会社)
流动相:A:0.05%TFA/H2O、B:90%CH3CN,0.05%TFA/H2O、32ml/min
梯度程序:B20%等度洗脱(30min)、B20%→B40%(100min)、B40%等度洗脱(20min)
检测:A280nm
样品:将用CHP-20P柱纯化得到的fr.2~fr.7分别溶解在20%CH3CN中,分数次加入全部量。
在上述的分析条件下,收集到相当于保留时间109分钟(化合物1)、113分钟(化合物2)、120分钟(化合物3)、130分钟(化合物4)及相当于保留时间85分钟(化合物5)、相当于保留时间106分钟(化合物6)、相当于保留时间104分钟(化合物7)的各峰。
3.化合物的结构分析:
对用制备型HPLC分离的化合物进行MS及NMR测定。其中,将化合物5~7的MS通过四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(Q-TOF Premier)(Micromass公司制、UK)用阴性、V模式测定时,分别出现了m/z927.160、927.163、1397.248的[M-H]-的离子峰。此外,化合物5的NMR光谱数据与文献(Chem.Pharm.Bull 37(12),3255-3563(1989))中记载的乌龙双黄烷-A的NMR光谱数据一致。化合物6的NMR光谱数据与文献(Chem.Pharm.Bull 37(12),3255-3563(1989))中记载的乌龙双黄烷-B的NMR光谱数据一致。而且,化合物7与专利申请(WO2005/116005)中的段落编号0029中记载为化合物(4)的表没食子酸儿茶素三聚体(乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1)的NMR光谱一致。由以上结果可证实,化合物5为式3所示的乌龙双黄烷-A、化合物6为式4所示的乌龙双黄烷-B和化合物7为式5所示的乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1。
对于化合物1~化合物4,通过以下的MS、NMR进行结构分析。MS使用四极杆-飞行时间串联质谱(Q-TOF Premier)(MiCromass公司制、UK)、离子源配备Z喷雾离子源的ESI,用阴性、V模式测定。锥孔电压(Cone volt.):45V、毛细管电压(Capillary voltage):3KV、脱溶剂温度(Desolvation Temp):180℃、通过lock spray进行质量校正,参照使用亮氨酸脑啡肽(m/z554.2615[M-H]-)。
其结果,化合物3出现m/z1397.2479[M-H]-的分子离子,计算出分子式为C68H54O33(err.:0.7ppm);化合物4出现m/z1397.2509[M-H]-的分子离子,计算出分子式为C68H54O33(err.:2.9ppm),推测EGCG3分子为通过2个亚甲基交联的物质。此外,化合物1出现m/z1867.3112[M-H]-的分子离子及2价的933.1517[M-2H]2-,计算出分子式为C91H72O44(err.:-11.0ppm);化合物2出现m/z1867.3100[M-H]-的分子离子及2价的933.1151[M-2H]2-,计算出分子式为C91H72O44(err.:-11.7ppm),推测EGCG4分子为通过3个亚甲基交联的物质。
NMR用以下的条件进行测定。将化合物3溶解在CD3OH中、化合物4溶解在DMSO-d6((CD3)2SO)中,作为测定样品。化合物3以作为CD3OH的质子和13C的残留峰的δ3.30及δ48.97作为内部标准,化合物4以DMSO-d6的1H的2.50ppm和13C的残留峰δ39.43作为内部标准。将测定项目1HNMR、13CNMR、1H{13C}-HSQC、1H{13C}-HMBC、TOCSY及DQF-COSY使用DMX-750光谱仪(spectrometer)(BRUKER BIOSPIN,Germany)进行测定。NMR的结果表明,化合物3为以EGCG6:8EGCG6:8EGCG结合的化合物(乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2),化合物4为以EGCG8:8EGCG6:6EGCG结合的化合物(乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4)。记为EGCG间的6:8或8:8的结合表示EGCG的A环的6位或8位的碳为中间夹着亚甲基进行交联的状态。化合物3的1HNMR、13CNMR光谱如图1及2所示,化合物4的1HNMR、13CNMR光谱如图3及4所示。化合物3的结构如图9所示,化合物4的结构如图10所示。
化合物3:乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2(CD3OH中)的1HNMR出现了如下信号:δ6.95,6.92,6.90,6.60,6.54,6.44,6.08,6.02,5.57,5.55,5.49,5.18,5.12,4.91,3.86,3.83,3.81,3.76,3.03,3.01,2.94,2.89,2.89,2.82,;13CNMR出现了如下信号:δ167.72,167.46,167.37,156.29,155.25,155.08,154.79,154.43,153.64,152.91,151.64,151.20,147.00,146.93,146.38,146.38,146.34,146.29,140.03,139.89,139.89,134.65,134.48,133.85,130.64,129.29,129.10,121.33,121.14,121.14,110.31,110.24,110.24,109.19,108.07,107.42,107.05,107.02,106.79,106.10,101.59,101.00,100.45,97.23,96.71,80.07,79.94,78.45,70.00,69.32,69.28,27.21,27.21,26.81,17.91,17.91。
化合物4:乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4(DMSO-d6中)的1HNMR出现了如下信号:10.46,9.18,9.16,9.16,9.12,9.06,9.05,8.90,8.88,8.84,8.72,8.69,8.69,8.46,8.34,8.05,8.02,8.00,6.81,6.78,6.78,6.52,6.47,6.35,6.03,5.93,5.48,5.46,5.39,5.04,4.95,4.89,4.05,3.95,3.56,3.56,3.06,3.00,2.98,2.76,2.71,2.67;13CNMR出现了如下信号:δ165.11,165.09,164.99,157.66,154.29,153.82,153.48,153.07,152.68,152.23,152.18,150.88,145.56,145.52,145.50,145.26,145.24,145.23,138.43,138.43,138.39,132.34,132.23,132.19,128.34,128.34,128.23,119.17,119.12,119.04,110.35,110.31,110.29,109.19,108.59,108.56,108.51,106.97,106.63,105.26,105.26,105.13,104.73,101.28,99.44,99.41,98.21,97.34,97.15,96.03,79.48,79.07,78.47,69.95,69.39,69.28,27.18,26.98,26.58,18.16,17.13。
此外,将化合物1及化合物2溶解于DMSO-d6中,将1H和13C的残留峰δ2.50、δ39.43作为内部标准进行NMR测定。将测定项目1HNMR、13CNMR、1H{13C}-HSQC、1H{13C}-HMBC、TOCSY及DQF-COSY使用DMX-750光谱仪(spectrometer)(BRUKER BIOSPIN,Germany)进行测定。NMR的结果表明,化合物1为以EGCG8:8EGCG6:8EGCG6:8EGCG结合的化合物(乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1),化合物2为以EGCG8:6EGCG8:8EGCG6:8EGCG结合的化合物(乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2)。记为EGCG间的6:8或8:8的结合表示EGCG的A环的6位或8位的碳为中间夹着亚甲基进行交联的状态。化合物1的1HNMR、13CNMR光谱如图5及6所示,化合物2的1HNMR、13CNMR光谱如图7及8所示。化合物1的结构如图11所示,化合物2的结构如图12所示。
化合物1:乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1的1HNMR(DMSO-d6中)出现了如下信号:δ10.34,9.37,9.17,9.09,9.01,8.88,8.75,8.71,8.68,8.08,8.04,7.62,6.81,6.77,6.72,6.55,6.49,6.39,6.04,5.86,5.55,5.47,5.34,5.23,4.96,4.79,4.64,4.04,4.02,3.92,3.90,3.85,3.83,3.73,3.71,3.64,3.62,3.54,3.52,3.07,3.05,2.96,2.93,2.74,2.72,2.70;13CNMR出现了如下信号:δ165.29,165.13,165.02,165.01,154.45,154.44,154.25,152.33,152.20,151.97,151.66,151.62,150.82,150.66,150.52,149.66,145.63,145.56,145.54,145.50,145.50,145.27,145.23,145.18,138.46,138.38,132.77,132.26,132.12,128.50,127.61,119.20,119.17,118.96,118.90,108.73,108.55,107.05,106.19,105.19,105.05,104.31,103.77,99.01,98.52,77.44,76.65,76.51,76.10,67.53,67.50,,66.95,66.63,25.94,25.63,25.49,25.30,17.14,16.74,15.81。
化合物2:乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2的1HNMR(DMSO-d6)出现了如下信号:δ9.91,9.25,9.16,8.09,7.22,6.81,6.76,6.74,6.52,5.94,5.50,5.38,4.77,4.52,3.95,3.95,3.80,3.54,2.80,2.74,2.73,2.67;13CNMR出现了如下信号:δ165.08,165.01,154.06,152.83,152.35,151.45,150.78,150.26,145.52,145.52,145.24,145.18,138.49,138.44,132.21,132.10,128.42,127.63,119.05,118.95,108.58,108.46,108.46,106.95,105.74,104.92,104.06,98.32,97.81,76.59,75.94,66.69,66.35,26.33,25.26,16.72,15.99。
如上所述鉴定出的各化合物的结构式如图9~12所示。乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2如图9所示,乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4如图10所示,乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1如图11所示,乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2如图12所示。
通过该合成、纯化得到的各化合物的收量为乌龙双黄烷-A(984mg)、乌龙双黄烷-B(374mg)、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1(468mg)、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2(73mg)、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4(12mg)、乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1(15mg)、乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2(44mg)。
实施例2
各种EGCG聚合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
1M磷酸钠缓冲液为混合0.1M NaH2PO4·2H2O和0.1M Na2HPO4·12H2O,调节到pH7.0,添加2g/L的牛血白蛋白(Nacalai Tesque株式会社制、F-V、pH5.2、纯度96%)及0.2g/L的NaN3(Nacalai Tesque株式会社制、试剂特级)。酶溶液为在上述缓冲液中将α-葡萄糖苷酶(和光纯药工业株式会社制、来自酵母、100units/mg)溶解成0.5units/mg蛋白质/ml(100μg/20ml)。底物溶液为在上述缓冲液中将对硝基苯-α-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(NacalaiTesque株式会社制、试剂特级)溶解成5mM(7.525mg/5ml)。
评价时使用的样品中,茶双没食子儿茶素(TSN)-A(Theasinensin A))及TSN-D根据论文(Hashimoto,F.Nonaka,G.Nishioka,I.Chem.Pharm.Bull.36(5),1676-1684(1988)中记载的方法合成,且oolongtheanin-gallate(以下称“OTNG”)根据论文J.Agric.FoodChem.53,4593-4598(2005)中记载的方法合成。表没食子酸儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸酯(EGCG)使用和光纯药工业制,1-脱氧野尻霉素(1-deoxynojirimycin)盐酸盐使用Sigma-Aldrich制,茶黄素类使用栗田工业制的茶黄素类(茶黄素、茶黄素-3没食子酸酯、茶黄素3’没食子酸酯、茶黄素3,3’-二没食子酸酯的混合物)。此外,乌龙双黄烷-A、乌龙双黄烷-B、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-2、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4、乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1及乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2使用实施例1中合成·纯化的物质。
将这些样品制成10mg/ml DMSO,分6个阶段进行稀释,稀释2倍。使用96孔酶标板,在样品溶液10μL中加入酶液45μL,37℃下进行5分钟的预孵育后,加入底物溶液45μL,测定A405nm的吸光度,37℃下进行5分钟的孵育后,测定A405nm的吸光度。用仅添加DMSO代替样品作为对照,抑制率用与对照的A405nm的差算出,各活性测定作2重。
该结果表明,将各化合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性用IC50值表示时,如表1所示,乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1、乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-4表示出特别强的活性。
表1
表1.各种EGCG聚合物的α-葡萄糖苷酶抑制活性
实施例3
通过LC-MS/MS的聚合多酚的定量
三聚体及四聚体的LC-MS/MS的测定条件和三得利黑乌龙茶的定量
EGCG聚合物的LC-MS/MS的测定为用4000 Q TRAP(Applied公司制)使用电喷雾离子源(Turbo IonSpray),在以下条件下测定。碰撞能量(Collision energy):46eV(nega.),离子喷雾电压(Ionspray voltage):4500V,温度(Temp):450℃。
各化合物的MRM多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring)中的检测通道:乌龙双黄烷-三聚体类使用698.40/168.90(nega.2价),标准物质使用乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1。乌龙双黄烷-四聚体类使用933.16/168.90(nega.2价),标准物质使用乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2。在以下测定条件下进行。
色谱柱:Develosil C30-UG-3(野村化学、3mmφ×150mm)
流速:0.3ml/min、Column Temp.:40℃
流动相A:0.1%HCOOH/H2O、流动相B:0.1%HCOOH/CH3CN
梯度程序:B9%(0min)→B60%(17min)→B85%(17.1min)、B85%(17.1-19min)
因为这些化合物在黑乌龙茶的茶中仅含有微量,所以,不可能直接进行定量。因此,将黑乌龙茶的调配液(杀菌前的溶液)用CHP-20P柱(三菱化学株式会社)进行分级分离,进行各馏分的定量后,将各馏分中检测出的浓度合计作为茶溶液中的浓度。黑乌龙茶中的浓度:将检测出三聚体类的5成分用乌龙双黄烷-三聚体-1换算后合计为172ng/ml。四聚体类为将检测出的4成分合计,用乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-2换算为55ng/ml。
Claims (1)
1.表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯四聚体在制造预防及/或治疗由慢性高血糖症状引起的、通过抑制葡萄糖苷酶来改善的糖尿病的制剂中的用途,其特征在于,表没食子儿茶素没食子酸酯四聚体为乌龙双黄烷-四聚体-1。
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TWI529165B (zh) | 2016-04-11 |
WO2010024396A1 (ja) | 2010-03-04 |
JPWO2010024396A1 (ja) | 2012-01-26 |
CN102137662A (zh) | 2011-07-27 |
JP5555166B2 (ja) | 2014-07-23 |
US8367718B2 (en) | 2013-02-05 |
TW201014838A (en) | 2010-04-16 |
US20110172300A1 (en) | 2011-07-14 |
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