CN102114916B - 直升飞机操控杆支撑组件 - Google Patents

直升飞机操控杆支撑组件 Download PDF

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CN102114916B
CN102114916B CN201010612496.XA CN201010612496A CN102114916B CN 102114916 B CN102114916 B CN 102114916B CN 201010612496 A CN201010612496 A CN 201010612496A CN 102114916 B CN102114916 B CN 102114916B
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arm
supporting construction
detachable holding
control lever
longitudinal
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CN102114916A (zh
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吉安·路易吉·班德拉
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Leonardo AG
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/02Initiating means
    • B64C13/04Initiating means actuated personally
    • B64C13/06Initiating means actuated personally adjustable to suit individual persons
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64CAEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
    • B64C13/00Control systems or transmitting systems for actuating flying-control surfaces, lift-increasing flaps, air brakes, or spoilers
    • B64C13/02Initiating means
    • B64C13/04Initiating means actuated personally
    • B64C13/042Initiating means actuated personally operated by hand
    • B64C13/0421Initiating means actuated personally operated by hand control sticks for primary flight controls
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G9/00Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously
    • G05G9/02Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only
    • G05G9/04Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously
    • G05G9/047Manually-actuated control mechanisms provided with one single controlling member co-operating with two or more controlled members, e.g. selectively, simultaneously the controlling member being movable in different independent ways, movement in each individual way actuating one controlled member only in which movement in two or more ways can occur simultaneously the controlling member being movable by hand about orthogonal axes, e.g. joysticks
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20582Levers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20582Levers
    • Y10T74/20612Hand
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20582Levers
    • Y10T74/2063Stops
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20636Detents
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20636Detents
    • Y10T74/20672Lever engaging rack
    • Y10T74/2069Handle release
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/20Control lever and linkage systems
    • Y10T74/20576Elements
    • Y10T74/20636Detents
    • Y10T74/20672Lever engaging rack
    • Y10T74/20696Finger lever release

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Instrument Panels (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Pivots And Pivotal Connections (AREA)
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  • Mechanical Control Devices (AREA)
  • Body Structure For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于直升飞机操控杆(5)的支撑组件(4),其具有:支撑结构(6);固定至支撑结构(6)的仪表板(20);和连接装置(30),其用于将操控杆(5)连接至支撑结构(6)。该连接装置(30)具有纵向延伸的臂(31),其一端部(33)与操控杆(5)装配在一起;并且臂(31)滑动以使所述端部移动至支撑结构(6)/从所述支撑结构移开,并绕水平轴线(10)旋转以调节操控杆(5)的高度。

Description

直升飞机操控杆支撑组件
技术领域
本发明涉及一种直升飞机操控杆支撑组件。
背景技术
军用战斗直升飞机通常有两个座位,即,飞行员座位和枪手座位,枪手使用两个操控杆和仪表板上显示的信息来控制武器和瞄准器的移动。
仪表板通常由安装有仪器的平板限定,所述仪器用来监控飞行状态和武器状态、瞄准器位置等;仪表板和操控杆通常位于枪手座位前方的固定位置。
这样的解决方案很别扭,因为枪手必须稍微向前倾和/或需探出一长段距离才能握住操控杆。并且因为这两个操控杆中的一个安装有力传感器以操控瞄准器,所以这种别扭的抓握姿势会影响瞄准器的精确控制。
此外,即使考虑调节枪手的座位,上述解决方案也由于枪手的身高和体型而不能进行调节。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种直升飞机操控杆支撑组件,所述直升飞机操控杆支撑组件被设计成对上述问题提供简单的、低成本的解决方案,并且该组件不仅易于使用,而且包含相对较少的零部件。
根据本发明,提供了一种用于直升飞机操控杆的支撑组件,该组件包括:彼此固定的支撑结构和仪表板;和连接装置,其用于将所述操控杆连接至支撑结构;所述组件的特征在于,所述连接装置包括:
臂,其沿纵向延伸并具有用于支撑所述操控杆的一端部;
导向装置,其用于以沿纵向滑动的方式将所述臂连接至所述支撑结构,以使所述端部移动至支撑结构/从所述支撑结构移开;和
旋转装置,其用于以绕水平轴线旋转的方式将所述臂连接至所述支撑结构,以调节所述端部的高度;
所述组件还包括:
第一可拆卸保持装置,其可被手动操纵以在期望的角位置锁定所述臂相对于所述支撑结构的旋转;和
第二可拆卸保持装置,其可被手动操纵以在期望的纵向位置锁定所述臂相对于所述支撑结构的至少纵向平移;
所述第一和第二可拆卸保持装置相互独立。
附图说明
下面结合附图通过实例描述本发明的非限制性实施例,其中:
图1示出了根据本发明的直升飞机操控杆支撑组件的优选实施例的侧视图;
图2示出了图1支撑组件的放大视图,为清晰起见去除了一些部件;
图3示出了图1和图2支撑组件的局部剖面正视图;
图4示出了与图2相同的视图,其为沿图3中IV-IV线截取的支撑组件的截面。
具体实施方式
图1中的附图标记1整体表示直升飞机驾驶舱,其限定了飞行员的第一座位(未示出),和枪手2的第二座位。第二座位包括枪手2的座位3,和用于支撑座位3前面的两个操控杆5的支撑组件4。
更具体地说,这两个操控杆5中的一个包括具有力传感器的控制装置(未示出)以移动瞄准器,借助所述瞄准器来瞄准直升飞机上的武器。
参照图2和图3,组件4包括支撑结构6,该支撑结构从正面来看基本为倒U形,并限定了通道7的顶面和侧面,通道具有与驾驶舱1和座位3的中心纵向平面基本重合的竖直对称面。在这里和下文中,术语“前”,“后”,“侧”等是以枪手2所看到的为基准,并不是以直升飞机行进的方向为参照。
结构6包括限定通道7的后端和中间部分的两个侧平板8。
平板8具有相应成对的弧形狭槽11(图4)和12(图2),狭槽的曲率中心与垂直于通道7的对称面的相同水平轴线10重合。每个平板8上的狭槽11,12具有相同的角延伸,并且间隔大约90度。
参照图3,结构6还包括倒Y形前平板13,平板限定了通道7的前端,即座位3前面的通道7的出口端。平板13包括:位于通道7两侧的两个底部附件14;和位于通道7上方的顶部15,该顶部15又包括向上延伸的附件16。
如图2所示,结构6还包括后平板17,其具有与部分15基本相同的周界和形状,限定通道7的中间部分的顶部,并通过其侧端固定至相应的平板8。
平板8、13和17呈肋状(这里不再详细描述),其用来加固结构6并将平板8、13和17彼此固定。
组件4还包括与通道7垂直的仪表板20(图2),该仪表板包括夹在平板13(前端)与平板8、17(后端)之间的连接部分21,该连接部分通过螺栓26被紧固在附件14和平板8上的两个对应前肋条27之间。螺栓26限定的紧固点优选还用于将结构6和仪表板20固定至两个支柱(未示出)的端部,所述支柱在相对的端部处固定至驾驶舱1的壁或机架。
仪表板20包括显示部分28(图1),显示部分位于部分21上方并安装有指示器和/或显示器(未示出)。
操控杆5通过连接装置30与结构6连接,连接装置包括在通道7的对称面内沿纵向32在通道7内延伸的臂31。操控杆5装配于臂31的一端33,且并排设置在端部33的顶面34上(因此在图2侧视图中仅可见其中一个)。更具体地说,操控杆5装配于端部33以相对臂31绕平行于轴线10的轴线35旋转;并且可拆卸保持装置36(仅部分示出并且不详细描述)使得枪手2能够将操控杆5绕轴线35锁定在合适的位置。
参照图3,臂31包括顶部38,其具有倒U形横截面和两个竖直的侧壁39,两侧壁分别具有纵向狭槽40图2)。顶部38与通道7具有相同的宽度,以使壁39在通道7的内侧面上滑动。
臂31包括中间部分41,其具有U形横截面,包括位于顶部38内并固定于壁39的两个侧壁42,并且中间部分41和顶部38一起限定纵向腔体43。中间部分41包括中间底壁44,其固定至具有倒U形横截面的纵向延伸底部主体45。
装置30包括以有角度固定的、纵向滑动的方式连接至臂31的两个导向器46,47。导向器46被容纳在腔体43内并通过在狭槽40内滑动的销48,49(图4)连接至臂31。销49沿轴线10延伸并被装配至平板8上以限定铰链;而销48沿跟轴线10平行的轴线50与狭槽11对齐,并在两个角限定位置之间的狭槽11内滑动,所述角限定位置由狭槽11的顶部边缘和底部边缘限定,并且覆盖20-30度的最大角。
导向器47包括底部支撑52;和顶部滑动件53,所述顶部滑动件固定至支撑52、容纳在主体45内、并装配至主体45的侧壁以平行于方向32滑动。支撑52具有两个外侧面55,外侧面分别具有弧形的凹槽56图4),凹槽的曲率中心与轴线10重合。凹槽56以滑动的方式与导向器突起57接合,导向器突起装配至平板8的底端并基本上和凹槽56的形状互补。
如图3所示,可拆卸锁定装置60通过摩擦来锁定导向器47绕轴线10所限定的铰链的旋转,并且锁定装置60包括:两个螺母61,其相对于表面55固定、位于凹槽56上方、并沿跟轴线10平行的轴线59与狭槽12对齐;和拧在相应螺母61内的两个螺纹件62,所述螺纹件62在两个角限定位置之间的狭槽12内移动,所述角限定位置由狭槽12的右边缘和左边缘限定并对应于销48的角限定位置。装置60还包括杆63,用于使螺纹件62绕轴线59一起旋转,并将它们的端部轴向夹紧在平板8的外侧面上以通过摩擦锁定导向器47的旋转。
参照图2和图4,销48是带螺纹的,并形成可拆卸锁定装置64的一部分以将壁39夹紧在导向器46与平板8之间,从而通过摩擦来锁定臂31的旋转和滑动。装置64独立于装置60,并包括两个杆65以分别拧紧/拧松相应螺母66中的销48,所述螺母66相对于导向器46的相应侧壁固定。
当拆卸摩擦锁定装置64时,臂31可以相对于导向器46、47和销48、49(它们还执行导向功能)滑动到完全退出的位置,在该位置中端部33和操控杆5定位得靠近于仪表板20的前端,以使得枪手2可自由地移动以进出其座位。一旦坐进座位3中,枪手2可纵向拖动臂31以向远离仪表板的方向水平拉动操控杆5到最佳位置,以握住操控杆5(如图1中的虚线所示)。同时,在拆掉装置60的情况下,还可通过使臂31绕轴线10旋转来调节操控杆5的高度。这样做的时候,导向器46,47随臂31一起旋转。
比如,可使臂31滑动并旋转以使端部33抵靠在膝盖上或膝盖之间。设置到位后,优选通过装置64将臂31锁定在合适的位置。
然而,如果臂31受到结构6传递的振动,则锁定装置60,64可稍微或完全松开来避免振动被传递。
当拆卸锁定装置64时,由装置60锁定的臂31关于轴线10的角度保持不变,这样,坐于座位上的同一个枪手只需设置一次臂31的角度,并仅需操控装置64以沿方向32锁定/拆卸臂,即,相对于控制面板20调节操控杆5。
在紧急的情况下为了快速离开座位,甚至在臂31被装置64锁定时,枪手也能够用力将臂31朝向仪表板20推动以克服装置64施加在臂31上的摩擦力,从而使臂滑入以从座位3容易地离开。
通过将操控杆5装配于可从支撑6中延伸或引出的臂31,显而易见的是,枪手2就不再需要前倾或前探来握住操控杆5。组件4还提供了对操控杆5的高度和纵向位置进行的相对较大调节,这样枪手2可根据自己的身高和体型以及座位3的设定位置来调节操控杆的位置。
通过绕轴线35旋转以及通过装置36可进行另一有利的调节,这允许相对于枪手2的前臂调节操控杆5。
与已知的不能调节操控杆位置的解决方案相比,人体工程学地定位操控杆5使得瞄准器控制更加精确。
此外,由于轴线10位于臂31的端部之间并延伸穿过臂31,因此结构6较为紧凑,同时使调节更为自由。
如上所述,装置60,64独立工作,这样臂31可在不改变其角度的情况下纵向滑动。
清楚的是,在不背离权利要求所限定的本发明范围的情况下,可对本文所述的支撑组件4进行改进。
特别是,组件4还可用于调节除所述的武器操控杆以外的操控杆的位置。
导向器46可位于臂31外侧,可能通过文中所述的铰链以外的铰链系统与结构6连接;和/或臂31可以以导向部件而非狭槽40和销48,49为特征,或为伸缩式的;和/或可整体省去导向器47、主体45、装置60和突起57,而只使用装置64来锁定臂31;和/或仪表板20可以与上述借助实例描述的方式不同的方式固定至支撑结构。

Claims (9)

1.一种用于直升飞机操控杆(5)的支撑组件(4),所述组件包括:彼此固定的支撑结构(6)和仪表板(20);和连接装置(30),其用于将所述操控杆(5)连接至所述支撑结构(6);所述连接装置(30)包括:
臂(31),其沿纵向(32)延伸并具有用于支撑所述操控杆(5)的一端部(33);
导向装置(46、48、49),其用于以纵向滑动的方式将所述臂(31)连接至所述支撑结构(6),以使所述端部(33)移动至所述支撑结构(6)/从所述支撑结构(6)移开;和
旋转装置(49),其用于以绕水平轴线(10)旋转的方式将所述臂(31)连接至所述支撑结构(6),以调节所述端部(33)的高度;
所述组件(4)还包括:
第一可拆卸保持装置(60),其可被手动操纵以在期望的角位置锁定所述臂(31)相对于所述支撑结构(6)的旋转;和
第二可拆卸保持装置(64),其可被手动操纵以在期望的纵向位置锁定所述臂(31)相对于所述支撑结构(6)的至少纵向平移;
所述第一可拆卸保持装置(60)和所述第二可拆卸保持装置(64)相互独立,从而,当拆卸所述第二可拆卸保持装置以允许所述臂纵向平移时,所述臂关于所述水平轴线的角度仍然被所述第一可拆卸保持装置锁定并保持不变;
所述水平轴线(10)在所述臂(31)的纵向端部之间横向延伸。
2.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,所述支撑结构(6)包括限定所述臂(31)最大旋转角的止动装置(11,12)。
3.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,所述第二可拆卸保持装置(64)包括夹紧装置,其作用在一摩擦联轴器上以防止所述臂(31)的平移。
4.根据权利要求1所述的组件,其中,所述导向装置包括以纵向滑动的方式装配至所述臂(31)的中间部件(46);所述旋转装置(49)在所述中间部件(46)与所述支撑结构(6)之间限定一铰链。
5.根据权利要求4所述的组件,其中,所述臂(31)为中空的,并至少部分容纳所述中间部件(46)。
6.根据权利要求5所述的组件,其中,所述旋转装置包括至少一个水平铰链销(49),所述水平铰链销(49)以滑动方式接合所述臂(31)中的一纵向狭槽(40)。
7.根据权利要求6所述的组件,其中,所述导向装置包括水平导向销(48),其与所述铰链销(49)平行且纵向间隔开,并且所述水平导向销(48)以滑动的方式接合所述纵向狭槽(40)。
8.一种用于直升飞机操控杆(5)的支撑组件(4),所述支撑组件包括:彼此固定的支撑结构(6)和仪表板(20);和连接装置(30),其用于将所述操控杆(5)连接至所述支撑结构(6);所述组件的特征在于,所述连接装置(30)包括:
臂(31),其沿纵向(32)延伸并具有用于支撑所述操控杆(5)的一端部(33);
导向装置(46,48,49),其用于以纵向滑动的方式将所述臂(31)连接至所述支撑结构(6),以使所述端部(33)移动至所述支撑结构(6)/从所述支撑结构(6)移开;和
旋转装置(49),其用于以绕水平轴线(10)旋转的方式将所述臂(31)连接至所述支撑结构(6),以调节所述端部(33)的高度;
所述旋转装置具有第一可拆卸保持件,其中,所述第一可拆卸保持件被操纵以在期望的角度位置锁定所述臂相对于所述支撑结构的旋转;
其中,在所述第一可拆卸保持件被操纵成锁定所述臂时,所述臂是能够纵向滑动的,
其中,所述水平轴线(10)在所述臂(31)的纵向端部之间横向延伸。
9.一种用于直升飞机操控杆的支撑组件,所述支撑组件包括:支撑结构;
仪表板,固定至所述支撑结构;
连接组件,其中,所述连接组件将所述操控杆和所述支撑结构相连接;所述连接组件包括:
臂,其沿纵向延伸并具有用于支撑所述操控杆的一端部(33);
导向件,其中,所述导向件以纵向滑动的方式将所述臂连接至所述支撑结构,以使所述端部移动至所述支撑结构/从所述支撑结构移开;和
旋转组件,其用于以绕水平轴线旋转的方式将所述臂连接至所述支撑结构,以调节所述端部的高度;
第一可拆卸保持件,其可被操纵以在期望的角位置锁定所述臂相对于所述支撑结构的旋转;
第二可拆卸保持件,其可被操纵以在期望的纵向位置锁定所述臂相对于所述支撑结构的至少纵向平移;
其中,所述第一可拆卸保持件和第二可拆卸保持件相互独立,从而,当拆卸所述第二可拆卸保持件以允许所述臂纵向平移时,所述臂关于所述水平轴线的角度仍然被所述第一可拆卸保持件锁定并保持不变;
所述水平轴线在所述臂的纵向端部之间横向延伸。
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