CN102106302B - Embedded fish ecological cultivating system of water body self-updated mud flat pipe - Google Patents
Embedded fish ecological cultivating system of water body self-updated mud flat pipe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102106302B CN102106302B CN201010606442A CN201010606442A CN102106302B CN 102106302 B CN102106302 B CN 102106302B CN 201010606442 A CN201010606442 A CN 201010606442A CN 201010606442 A CN201010606442 A CN 201010606442A CN 102106302 B CN102106302 B CN 102106302B
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- Prior art keywords
- pipe network
- underground pipe
- exchange
- beach
- water body
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 241000209094 Oryza Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004035 construction material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000017166 Bambusa arundinacea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000017491 Bambusa tulda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000082204 Phyllostachys viridis Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015334 Phyllostachys viridis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011425 bamboo Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 abstract description 10
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 abstract 1
- 235000015170 shellfish Nutrition 0.000 abstract 1
- 240000002044 Rhizophora apiculata Species 0.000 description 8
- 238000009360 aquaculture Methods 0.000 description 6
- 244000144974 aquaculture Species 0.000 description 6
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000012876 topography Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000002354 daily effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052571 earthenware Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 240000005020 Acaciella glauca Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000238557 Decapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003793 Rhizophora mangle Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003610 charcoal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007812 deficiency Effects 0.000 description 1
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009977 dual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009313 farming Methods 0.000 description 1
- PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N neutral red Chemical compound Cl.C1=C(C)C(N)=CC2=NC3=CC(N(C)C)=CC=C3N=C21 PGSADBUBUOPOJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000474 nursing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000003499 redwood Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
- Revetment (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses an embedded fish ecological cultivating system of a water body self-updated mud flat pipe. The conventional mud flat cultivation generally adopts the modes such as the impoundment, the purse seine, the stocking and the like, wherein the impoundment damages the terrain and the landform of the mud flat and influence the ecological environment; the purse seine is greatly threatened by the typhoon, and the stocking is only suitable for the basically-immovable shellfish culture. The system consists of an impoundment region, an underground pipe network, an exchange pipeline and a management window, wherein the animal is cultivated in the underground pipe network, the cultivation water body is automatically updated, the exchange between the water and gas and the collection of the natural bait are realized by the exchange pipeline, and the daily management is implemented by the management window. The system is simple in structure, is convenient to operate, can not damage the terrain and the landform of the mud flat, is typhoon-resistant, and can balance the protection and the use.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention relates to is a kind of beach pipe network fish ecological cultivation system; Especially a kind of buried water body self refresh beach pipe network fish ecological cultivation system; Use the present invention to realize the balance of protection and utilization not changing basically or destroying cultured fishes under the prerequisite of beach topography and geomorphology.
Background technology
At present, mudflat aquaculture industry in ocean is because of considerable benefit, and cultural technique is ripe; With low cost, implement easily, and cause the transition exploitation of region following the line of the sea; Especially the coastal beach of the suitable mangrove forest growth and breeding of coastal areas of southern China has received destruction to a certain degree especially.Mangrove forest is the forest that is grown on the beach of intertidal zone, is one of global most important ocean natural ecosystems.In the Asia, the developing country in Africa and America, mangrove forest has suffered heavy damage, therefore the global neutral red woods have disappeared about 50%.The main cause of destroying is: the mangrove forest surrounding area is generally poor, and the mangrove forest protection is difficult to produce direct economic benefit, is the farmland and the shrimp pool so a large amount of mangrove forest encloses and cultivates, and perhaps is fired into the charcoal outlet by felling.Rationally utilizing is to alleviate to protect and exploitation, ecological and employment contradiction, promotes the important channel of conscious protection and recovery mangrove forest.Therefore, " the original position ecologic breeding technology " that do not destroy mangrove forest and beach topography and geomorphology thereof becomes mangrove forest protection of exploring in the whole world and the key technology of utilizing.The general employing of the mudflat aquaculture of fish enclosed the pool and purse seine dual mode, encloses that the pool is cultured because need be coated with the Weihe River to fence up forms the pond and destroyed the beach topography and geomorphology, and influence ecological environment, seining cultivation are caused damage by typhoon destruction easily.Therefore, seeking a kind of beach environment that do not destroy, do not receive the fish mudflat aquaculture mode of typhoon influence, is highly significant, and through retrieval, not finding has relevant technology to disclose.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention; Provide a kind of buried water body self refresh beach pipe network fish ecological cultivation system; Form a kind of brand-new fish mudflat aquaculture mode with this system; Overcome the existing destruction beach of traditional fish mudflat aquaculture mode habitat, change beach topography and geomorphology, beach lack of water at ebb tide, and breeding process is subject to deficiencies such as typhoon destruction causes damage.
For realizing above-mentioned purpose; The present invention has taked such technical scheme: a kind of buried water body self refresh beach pipe network ecological cultivation system; The cistern that comprises an ability retaining when high tide; The diameter that is connected with cistern is 10-80 centimetre, and length is the underground pipe network of 10-1500 rice, and it is 50-200 centimetre that the every 10-100 rice of underground pipe network is connecting a degree of depth of being built up by construction material; Volume is the stored reservoir of 2-10 cubic meter, and underground pipe network is every sets up the exchange pipeline that is distributed with exchange hole vertical with underground pipe network at a distance from 3-30 rice.
Take the present invention of above-mentioned measure, form by four parts such as water reserve, underground pipe network, exchange pipeline and stored reservoir.In underground pipe network the inside cultured fishes, in stored reservoir, carry out daily management, comprise the nursing of bait throwing in material, the water quality in the monitoring underground pipe network, the situation of observing cultured fishes.Such fish culture mode has such characteristics: the underground laying underground pipe network of beach in the ocean, do not destroy the beach habitat and do not change the beach topography and geomorphology yet; When cultured fishes; Along with the tide bulge and fall of oceanic tide, the water quality in the underground pipe network is upgraded through exchanging pipeline automatically, replenishes automatically through cistern; Thereby guaranteed that cultivate water is similar with the water quality under the natural environment in the pipe network, breeding environment is similar with marine environment; When revealing sky, the ebb beach in the cultivating system water is arranged; At typhoon climate, culture and do not receive typhoon influence, guaranteed the condition that fish grow up healthy and sound under extreme natural environment; The first-selected harm of sea farming is exactly harsh weather; The present invention then can be benefited through once investing for a long time, has exempted the trouble and worry of raiser to breeding environment, weather, morning and evening tides and natural enemy, uses the inventive method simple; With low cost, benefit is obvious.
For specifying the present invention, the present invention is further narrated below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and embodiment:
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a cultivating system sketch map of the present invention.
Embodiment
Shown in above-mentioned accompanying drawing, the present invention is by underground pipe network (1), and stored reservoir (2) exchanges pipeline (3), and cistern (4) four parts are formed.Underground pipe network 1 is formed by connecting some pipe joints road 1-1; Pipeline 1-1 is by pottery, plastics, metal material, cement or the preparation of bamboo and wood material; Connection between 2-section pipe road 1-1; If earthenware duct 1-1 is then fixing through ceramic jointing material bonding, if plastic conduit 1-1 is then fixing through adapter of plastic and plastic binder bonding, if metallic conduit 1-1 is then fastening through welding or connector.The diameter of pipeline 1-1 is 10-80 centimetre.Underground pipe network 1 long 10-1500 rice is according to the length of breed scale decision underground pipe network 1.The form that is provided with of underground pipe network 1 is provided with as shown in Figure 1 according to the landform and the actual conditions of culturing beach flexibly.The water inlet 1-2 of underground pipe network 1 is connected with cistern 4 on building the beach limit in, and water inlet 1-2 has filter screen to isolate, in case the fish of being cultured flight, cistern 4 is at the incoming tide can retaining; Water in the time of on the ebb in the cistern 4 is supplied with underground pipe network 1, and underground pipe network 1 is every to be provided with a stored reservoir 2 at a distance from 10-100 rice, and stored reservoir 2 is built up by construction material, is 50-200 centimetre deeply; Volume is the 2-10 cubic meter, and the opening of stored reservoir 2 is provided with can open or seal close filter cover 2-1, when the high tide stored reservoir there is not in the entry; Must cover filter cover 2-1, the fish flight that prevents to be cultured, and when seawater at ebb tide; Can open filter cover 2-1, carry out daily aquaculture management, comprise monitoring water quality through stored reservoir 2; The bait of throwing something and feeding is observed growing state, takes the measure of preventing and curing diseases.Every separated 3-30 rice is provided with an exchange pipeline 3 on the underground pipe network 1, and an end and the underground pipe network 1 of exchange pipeline 3 join, and the other end vertically stretches to sea and airtight; The diameter that distributing on the exchange pipeline 3 is the exchange hole 3-1 of 5-30 millimeter, and the spacing distance between the exchange hole 3-1 is 1-10 centimetre, and the food organisms in the seawater get in the underground pipe network 1 through exchange pipeline 3 through exchange hole 3-1; Like this ought be at the incoming tide; The water in the underground pipe network 1 and the water in sea exchange automatically, have kept the fresh of water quality, when at ebb tide; Seawater in the cistern 4 can flow to the exchange hole 3-1 outflow of underground pipe network 1 through exchange pipeline 3; I.e. tide or ebb, the water in the underground pipe network 1 all is to upgrade automatically, thereby the water quality of 1 li of underground pipe network and sea water quality are consistent.
Underground pipe network 1 of the present invention is embedded in the 10-20 centimeters under the beach face, and after burying underground, beach can recover former state, thereby has kept the complete of beach.The cistern of wanting 4 required for the present invention is arranged on the place that seawater on the beach at the incoming tide can retaining; Can simple and easyly be provided with; The reserve-water-level of cistern 4 should be higher than exchange pipeline 3, and the current when making on the ebb in the cistern 4 can flow out from the exchange hole 3-1 of exchange pipeline 3 when underground pipe network 1; The reservoir capacity of cistern 4 adapts with it according to the length of underground pipe network 1, makes that ebb can replenish the water in the underground piping 1 to the water that is held fully to the time that flood tide in every day.
The present invention uses like this: at the incoming tide, hold full seawater in the cistern 4; At ebb tide, open the filter cover 2-1 of stored reservoir 2, from stored reservoir 2, throw in fry; And input bait, at this moment, the seawater in the cistern 4 gets in the underground pipe network 1 through water inlet 1-2; And through exchanging the exchange hole 3-1 outflow of pipeline 3, cultured fishes in underground pipe network 1 are before flood tide next time; Close the filter cover 2-1 of stored reservoir 2, after flood tide, seawater got into cistern 4 retainings; Seawater gets into exchange pipeline 3 and flows into underground pipe network 1 from exchange hole 3-1, and the tiny organism that benthic algae and suitable fish eat is also along with seawater gets into underground pipe network 1 from exchange hole 3-1, and the water in the underground pipe network 1 upgrades automatically; Be consistent with the water quality in sea, breeding environment is similar with the sea.
Embodiment 1
The beach high tidal region is built a 100m with sandbag
3About cistern 4, bury 400 meters underground pipe networks 1 that are interconnected by the pvc pipe of 20 centimetres of diameters underground for 10～20 centimetres under the beach face.Underground pipe network 1 has 2 water inlet 1-2 at cistern 4, and there is the filter screen shutoff at water inlet 1-2 place; Underground pipe network 1 is connected with the PVC exchange pipeline 3 of 20 centimetres of 12 vertical beach faces, high 70 centimetres diameter by threeway, and it is 2 centimetres exchange hole 3-1 with whenever being distributed with a diameter at a distance from 2 centimetres that exchange pipeline 3 exposes the beach face part, and the top is the lid that spiral way is tightened; Underground pipe network 1 is connected with the stored reservoir 2 that 83 * 1.2 * 1.2 meters cement brick is built into, and stored reservoir 2 openings have the filter cover 2-1 that can open or close.Throw in breed fry kind from stored reservoir 2, implement daily management, cultured fishes in underground pipe network 1.
The beach high tidal region is built a 400m with sandbag
3About cistern 4,10～20 centimetres are embedded with 1500 meters underground pipe networks 1 that are interconnected by the earthenware of 30 centimetres of diameters under the beach face.Underground pipe network 1 has 4 water inlet 1-2 at cistern, and there is the filter screen shutoff at water inlet 1-2 place; Underground pipe network 1 is connected with 25 in the PVC exchange pipeline of 20 centimetres of vertical beach faces, high 70 centimetres diameter, and exchange pipeline 3 exposes the beach face part, and whenever to be distributed with a diameter at a distance from 2 centimetres be 2 centimetres exchange hole 3-1, and the top is the lid that spiral way is tightened; Underground pipe network 1 is connected with the stored reservoir 2 that 83 * 2 * 1 meter plank is processed, and stored reservoir 2 openings have the filter cover 2-1 that can open or close.Throw in breed fry kind from stored reservoir 2, implement daily management, cultured fishes in underground pipe network 1.
Claims (4)
1. buried water body self refresh beach pipe network fish ecological cultivation system; The cistern (4) that comprises an ability retaining when high tide; It is characterized in that said ecological cultivation system comprises that also the diameter that is connected with cistern (4) is that 10-80 centimetre and length are the underground pipe networks (1) of 10-1500 rice; It is 50-200 centimetre that the every separated 10-100 rice of underground pipe network (1) is connecting a degree of depth of being built up by construction material, and volume is the stored reservoir (2) of 2-10 cubic meter, and underground pipe network (1) is every sets up the exchange pipeline (3) that is distributed with exchange hole (3-1) vertical with underground pipe network (1) at a distance from 3-30 rice; The other end of exchange pipeline (3) vertically stretches to sea and airtight; When at the incoming tide, the food organisms in the seawater get in the underground pipe network (1) through exchange pipeline (3) through exchange hole (3-1), and the water in the underground pipe network (1) and the water in sea exchange automatically; When at ebb tide, the seawater in the cistern (4) flows to the exchange hole (3-1) of underground pipe network (1) through exchange pipeline (3) and flows out.
2. buried water body self refresh beach pipe network ecological cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the pipeline (1-1) of said underground pipe network (1) is to be prepared from pottery, plastics, metal material, cement, bamboo or wood materials.
3. buried water body self refresh beach pipe network ecological cultivation system according to claim 1 is characterized in that the opening of stored reservoir (2) is provided with the filter cover (2-1) that can open or close.
4. buried water body self refresh beach pipe network ecological cultivation system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that exchanging the diameter that distributing on the pipeline (3) is the exchange hole (3-1) of 5-30 millimeter, the spacing distance between the exchange hole (3-1) is 1-10 centimetre.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010606442A CN102106302B (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2010-12-27 | Embedded fish ecological cultivating system of water body self-updated mud flat pipe |
| PCT/CN2011/001743 WO2012088746A1 (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2011-10-19 | Underground mudflat pipe network fish aquaculture system with self-renewing water body |
| MYPI2013002430A MY164640A (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2011-10-19 | Underground mudflat pipe network fish culture system with self-renewable water body |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010606442A CN102106302B (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2010-12-27 | Embedded fish ecological cultivating system of water body self-updated mud flat pipe |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102106302A CN102106302A (en) | 2011-06-29 |
| CN102106302B true CN102106302B (en) | 2012-10-03 |
Family
ID=44170682
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010606442A Expired - Fee Related CN102106302B (en) | 2010-12-27 | 2010-12-27 | Embedded fish ecological cultivating system of water body self-updated mud flat pipe |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN102106302B (en) |
| MY (1) | MY164640A (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012088746A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102106302B (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-10-03 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Embedded fish ecological cultivating system of water body self-updated mud flat pipe |
| CN103053451B (en) * | 2012-12-24 | 2014-07-16 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Piston type opening pipe inserting benthonic animal nature conservation device and application |
| CN103222434B (en) * | 2013-04-27 | 2014-09-17 | 天津大学 | Proliferation artificial fish reef system capable of utilizing upwelling induced by pressure difference of tidal water-in pool |
| CN103430884A (en) * | 2013-08-29 | 2013-12-11 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Inter-tidal zone fish deposition habitat and self-purification underground pipeline ecological breeding system |
| CN105961259A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-09-28 | 淮南市农康生态农业有限公司 | Ocean tide based sea crab breeding method adopting subgrade ecosystem |
| CN106069980A (en) * | 2016-07-29 | 2016-11-09 | 张维斌 | A kind of fishpond |
| CN107182851A (en) * | 2017-05-08 | 2017-09-22 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Beach pipeline is breeded fish top layer heavy-oxygen-enriched water automatic water conveying device |
| CN111149755B (en) * | 2018-11-07 | 2022-01-28 | 黎想初 | Fish field symbiotic system |
| CN111011287B (en) * | 2019-12-13 | 2024-07-05 | 蓝淼科技(广州)有限公司 | Penaeus vannamei Boone breeding system |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2186986Y (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-01-11 | 李国荣 | Pond for cultivating aquatics |
| CN1198885A (en) * | 1997-05-10 | 1998-11-18 | 梁永林 | Marine sunlight green house |
| CN2698072Y (en) * | 2004-03-07 | 2005-05-11 | 徐万学 | Water circulating device for marine aquaculture |
| KR100737725B1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-07-10 | 정명덕 | Red tide damage prevention device for floating det nursery |
| KR20080014917A (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2008-02-14 | 이광석 | Closed fish farming system where natural water flows higher than the water surface. |
Family Cites Families (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1034100C (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1997-02-26 | 李国荣 | Aquatic product culturing pond at intertidal zone |
| CN1194608C (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2005-03-30 | 中国科学院海洋研究所 | Intermediate breeding method suitable for mudflat shellfish and its used intermediate breading equipment |
| CN2696317Y (en) * | 2004-03-27 | 2005-05-04 | 李晟旻 | Mesolittoral zone culturing pool |
| CN101002543A (en) * | 2006-01-18 | 2007-07-25 | 罗子章 | Ecological cultivation system for lake wet land |
| CN101263797B (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2011-08-31 | 奕永庆 | Fresh water culturing farm tube valve ecological irrigating and discharging system |
| CN102106302B (en) * | 2010-12-27 | 2012-10-03 | 广西红树林研究中心 | Embedded fish ecological cultivating system of water body self-updated mud flat pipe |
-
2010
- 2010-12-27 CN CN201010606442A patent/CN102106302B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2011
- 2011-10-19 MY MYPI2013002430A patent/MY164640A/en unknown
- 2011-10-19 WO PCT/CN2011/001743 patent/WO2012088746A1/en active Application Filing
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN2186986Y (en) * | 1993-11-23 | 1995-01-11 | 李国荣 | Pond for cultivating aquatics |
| CN1198885A (en) * | 1997-05-10 | 1998-11-18 | 梁永林 | Marine sunlight green house |
| CN2698072Y (en) * | 2004-03-07 | 2005-05-11 | 徐万学 | Water circulating device for marine aquaculture |
| KR100737725B1 (en) * | 2006-04-13 | 2007-07-10 | 정명덕 | Red tide damage prevention device for floating det nursery |
| KR20080014917A (en) * | 2008-01-18 | 2008-02-14 | 이광석 | Closed fish farming system where natural water flows higher than the water surface. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| MY164640A (en) | 2018-01-30 |
| CN102106302A (en) | 2011-06-29 |
| WO2012088746A1 (en) | 2012-07-05 |
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Granted publication date: 20121003 |