CN102103713A - Method and system for monitoring wetland resource and ecological environment - Google Patents
Method and system for monitoring wetland resource and ecological environment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method and system for monitoring the wetland resource and the ecological environment. The system consists of a wetland space data management system, a wetland field investigation system, a wetland event management system and a wetland protection website, wherein transmitted data of Internet, 3G network and wireless communication network are used; a common database is taken as an information hinge; the wetland space data management system is taken as a core; development is performed in a B/S+C/S mixed mode; the wetland field investigation system is developed on the basis of a portable computer and a GPS (Global Positioning System) module; the wetland event management system adopts a GIS (Geographic Information System) technology, and is used for monitoring wetland ecological events by using a short message gateway, short message center platform hardware and a technology; and the wetland protection website is developed by a WebGIS technology and is used for issuing wetland space information. By adopting the method and the system, the blank of integrated application of the wetland resource with ecological environment management, data acquisition, real-time monitoring and network issuing is filled up, and a scientific, quantitative and informationalized technical measure, method and platform are provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the information systems technology field, particularly relate to a kind of method and system ensemble that is used for wetland resource and ecologic environment supervision.
Background technology
Definition is international wetland pact to wetland: " no matter wetland is meant that it is natural or artificial, normal swampland of a specified duration or temporary, moor, bog or area, waters; have static or mobile or be fresh water, brackish water or salt water water body, comprising that the time of low water depth of water is no more than six meters waters ".Stipulate again simultaneously: " can comprise lake, the river bank in abutting connection with wetland, the island or the time of low water depth of water of maritime province and wetland scope are no more than six meters zone ".
Wetland is nature one of the ecoscape of rich bio-diversity and environment that human society is depended on for existence and development, is the unique ecosystem that has multiple function on the earth.Wetland has abundant animal and plant resource, is equivalent to a big natural gene storehouse, and multifarious protection has crucial meaning to living species.Wetland not only provides a large amount of food, raw material and water resources for the mankind; and at maintaining ecological balance, regulate the climate, protect bio-diversity and rare species resource and self-restraint water resource, store flood-water for use in a drought, pollution degradation, aspect such as prevent natural disaster has the irreplaceable effect of other ecosystem.In addition, human development wetland with a long history, many important ancient civilizations in the world and modern civilization all are to breed by the special natural region synthesis of this class of wetland.Therefore, wet this is described as " species gene storehouse " " kidney of the earth ", " life cradle ", " civilized cradle " by people.
Wetland resource mainly comprises wetland living resources, water resource, land resource, agricultural resource, forest resourceies, fishery resources, livestock resources etc.; Ecologic environment mainly comprises habitat, the hydrology, surface water environment quality, water body environment quality, ambient air quality, food agricultural produce place environmental quality etc.
Because the influence of mankind's activities such as reclaiming land from a lake in the past few decades, cruel fish is excessively captured causes wetland to be degenerated, the wetland bio-diversity descends, regional area even the phenomenon of the deterioration of the ecological environment occurs.Along with wetland periphery population sharply increase and regional economy flourish, wetland lack of control science, standardization make that wetland is reduced by area still, ecological functions weaken, bio-diversity reduces, population structure is unreasonable, water quality is polluted and a series of environmental pressures such as bogginess aggravation.Progressively recover the original ecological looks of wetland for the pressure of alleviating wetland resource and ecologic environment; whole world people make joint efforts to implement wet land protection and ecological recovery engineering, comprise prohibiting fishing core space engineering, muskeg being recovered, get in touch between filling Jiang Namiao, coffering, the recovery of birds habitat, prevention and cure of pollution and the recovery river water system.Effective management of resource and ecologic environment, dynamic monitoring and grasp its changing condition in real time, feedback ecological engineering implementation result is that Wetland ecological recovers the important content of engineering construction work and indispensable link.
The 3S technology is the general designation of remote sensing technology (RS), Geographic Information System (GIS) and GPS (GPS), be that space technology, sensor technology, satnav combine with airmanship and computer technology, mechanics of communication, the modern information technologies that spatial information is gathered, handles, manages, analyzes, expresses, propagated and uses that multidisciplinary height is integrated are one of most important technology in develop rapidly just.GIS is exactly the computer software of a concrete management geography information, it has spatial data storage and management, visualization display, data query and search function, data analysis function, Data Update function etc., now is used widely at resource exploration, database establishment and management, soil utilization and aspects such as suitability evaluation, regional planning, ecological planning, agricultural output assessment, disaster monitoring and forecast, accurate agricultural thereof at present.GPS is made of three parts such as space constellation, Ground Control and subscriber equipmenies, accurate three-dimensional coordinate and other relevant informations of point, line, surface key element can be provided fast, efficiently and accurately, have distinguishing features such as round-the-clock, high precision, robotization, high benefit, be widely used in different field such as military affairs, civilian traffic navigation, geodetic surveying, photogrammetric, field study exploration, land use survey, accurate agricultural and daily life.Remote sensing technology has advantages such as data broad covered area, the trend of the times be strong, directly perceived, true, can be used for aspects such as vegetation resources investigation, weather meteorological observation forecast, crop yield estimation, disease and pest prediction, environmental quality monitoring, traffic route network and tourist attractions distribution.
Along with the continuous development of 3S technology, " 3S " integrated technique that remote sensing, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System are combined closely has demonstrated more wide application prospect.Particularly utilize 3S technology, computer technology, Spatial Information Technology, systems engineering and modeling method and technology to the wet land system ecologic environment manage, monitoring and early warning are the hot issue of research both at home and abroad at present.
The invention that applied for Chinese patent at present, relates to similar wetland resource and ecologic environment has 2: one is " method for optimization analysis of a kind of wet land protection and exploitation " of Zhu Zesheng, Sun Ling, Zhu Li invention, and another is that Tan's thoroughfare continuous heavy rain is invented " a kind of lake and marshland flooding remote sense monitoring methods based on model ".They are with difference of the present invention: the former has only adopted satellite remote sensing technology to obtain all kinds of and area of the different coverings of wetland, the latter is by satellite remote-sensing image data (partly) being extracted automatically water body and boundary line, definite land and water, the decipher technology that has all only related to satellite remote-sensing image, this is the current very common sheet decipher way of defending, and does not relate to real-time monitoring and ecological incidents early warning.And the present invention is to provide a kind of wetland resource and the ecologic environment method and system of monitoring in real time, defend the sheet interpretation module and be a functional module in the wetland field investgation system of one of four ingredients of the present invention, and be provided with three kinds of patterns of automatic, semi-automatic and manual decipher, have more actual operation than the existing sheet decipher of defending of inventing.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: utilize hardware devices such as data acquisition unit, incident management terminal, Short Message Service Gateway, adopt multiple technologies comprehensive integrations such as 3S technology, wireless communication technique, spatial database technology, embedded technology, network technology, a kind of new method and novel system ensemble that is used for wetland resource and ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING and management is provided.For scientific, the quantification of wetland resource and ecologic environment management with information-basedly provide new technological means; for wetland resource and ecologic environment space data collection with the new method that provides is provided; provide new approach in particular for the public participation wet land protection; for administrative authority provides good emergent aid decision making platform, fill up the blank of present wetland resource and ecologic environment management, data acquisition, real-time monitoring, the integrated application of Web publishing.
The technical solution used in the present invention is: the present invention is made up of wetland spatial data management system, wetland field investgation system, four parts of wetland event management system and wet land protection website; Utilize the communication modes transmission data of Internet network, 3G network, wireless communication networks, with the corporate data base is that the information hinge organically links together four parts, guarantee data synchronization updating, realized that wetland data management, collection, dynamic monitoring and Web publishing are in one; Wherein the wetland spatial data management system is most crucial in whole wetland resource and an ecologic environment supervisory systems part, is the data center of system, and the exploitation of employing B/S+C/S mixed mode realizes massive spatial data and business datum is integrated and management; The wetland field investgation system is used for wetland field study, data acquisition and renewal, based on portable computer and GPS Development of Module; The wetland event management system adopts mobile GIS technology, utilizes Short Message Service Gateway, sms center platform hardware and technology to realize Wetland ecological incident dynamic monitoring and early warning; The wet land protection website is the window of foreign exchanges, adopts the WebGIS technology to develop, and externally issues the wetland spatial information and advocates the wetland culture.
In the technique scheme, described wetland spatial data management system is based on homemade hypergraph (SuperMapGIS) platform, adopt component technology, the geography information desktop application system of Object-Oriented Programming Language C#.net and technological development, manage the multi-source relevant with wetland, attitude for a long time, multiple class, the spatial data of many ratios and non-space data, with unified state coordinate system is benchmark, realized that all data are at same coordinate, the stack of " figure " formula shows and the reference utilization in the same map window, and the long-range packet that reports of wetland field investgation system is carried out decipher and upgrades the wetland spatial database automatically; The grid framework adopts the C/S+B/S mixed mode, selects for use large-scale relevant database SQLServer2005 as data base management system (DBMS), adopts SDX (Spatial Database eXtension) spatial database engine; System carries out the branch library management to data, and the distributed treatment and the centralized management of realization multi-source data also deposited; System comes the multi-source data of complex management with a multi-levels data manager, and comprehensive integration is carried out spatial analysis with the stack reference.
In the technique scheme, described wetland field investgation system is to be platform with the data acquisition unit, form by image acquisition device, GPS receiver module, infrared distance measurement module, wireless communication module, adopt blue-tooth technology, 3G network, GPS technology, spatial database technology, possessed the system ensemble of navigator fix, graphics process, space data collection, attribute data typing and image acquisition.
In the technique scheme, described wetland event management system comprises incident management terminal and incident management service end, the incident management terminal is utilized incident collector collection event, the website is filled in the incident list and is dialed alarm call and obtains the Wetland ecological event information, after the incident management terminal obtains event information, event information is generated the event packet of standard format, utilize the 2.5G/3G network, Internet network and Global Link network arrive the incident management service end with data packet transmission, the event monitoring module of incident management service end is filtered and decipher packet, and the incident release module is externally issued early warning information.
In the technique scheme, the incident collector is made up of central processing unit, GPS module, image acquisition device, message composer and communication module, realizes map operation, incident location, image acquisition, event description, the making of standard Event packet, wireless transmission, incident decipher and incident early warning.
The comprehensive website that in the technique scheme, described wet land protection website is a wetland propaganda, news, forum, map issue and ecological early warning, gear to the needs of the society is the window that people understand wetland, also is the platform of public participation wet land protection; Adopted the WebGIS map server to do support, utilization GIS data management function and analytic function are realized wetland map view, inquiry, statistics and analysis; Wetland reporting events module is for the public participation wet land protection provides platform; Adopt the IS.net platform development of SuperMapGIS, the data of website data and wetland spatial data management system and wetland event management system have consistance and synchronism, the automatic real-time update of site maps data and early warning information.
In the technique scheme, the wetland spatial data management system relates to geo-spatial data storehouse, spatial database, incident Service Database and attribute database, the satellite remote-sensing image data of geo-spatial data stock moisture releasing a plurality of ages of ground, different proportion, the digital line layout figure of different medium, different proportion etc.; Spatial database is deposited the space diagram data relevant with wetland, comprises wetland administrative division, water system data, road net, administrative stationary point, wet land protection station, vegetation distribution plan, birds distribution plan, fish map, hydrology-water quality Monitoring Data, gathers sample prescription data etc.; The incident Service Database is deposited Wetland ecological incident business datum, comprises event source, multi-medium data, monitor terminal information etc.; Attribute database storage system operation control data, data dictionary, birds register, plant register, fish register, wet land protection rules etc.
In the technique scheme, the main functional modules of wetland spatial data management system comprises GIS interoperability functional modules such as the decipher of long-range reported data bag and graphics process, view operation, data edition, statistical study.
In the technique scheme, the hardware device that the wetland field investgation system relates to comprises portable computer, GPS module, infrared range-measurement system, image acquisition device, and connection between the hardware and data transmission adopt blue tooth wireless communication.
The present invention adopts advanced 3S technology; wireless communication technique; spatial database technology; embedded technology; multiple technologies such as network technology; utilize data acquisition unit; the incident management terminal; hardware devices such as Short Message Service Gateway; succeeding in developing a kind of novel system ensemble that is used for wetland resource and ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING and management is the scientific of wetland resource and ecologic environment management; quantification and informationization provide new technological means; for wetland resource and ecologic environment space data collection and renewal provide new method; provide new way in particular for the public participation wet land protection; for administrative authority provides good aid decision making platform; filled up the management of present wetland resource and ecologic environment; data acquisition; monitoring in real time; the blank of the integrated application of Web publishing; be to adhere to the Scientific Outlook on Development, make up a new technology of harmony between man and nature development.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 system global structure figure
Fig. 2 spatial data organization structural drawing
Fig. 3 wetland data acquisition unit structural drawing
Fig. 4 wetland data acquisition flow figure
How much subsidiary ways of Fig. 5 figure
Fig. 6 wetland field investgation system device connection diagram
Fig. 7 ecological incidents early warning process flow diagram
Fig. 8 incident collector structural drawing
Fig. 9 incident collector data transmission network configuration figure
Embodiment
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with drawings and Examples.
As showing, the present invention is made up of wetland spatial data management system, wetland field investgation system, four parts of wetland event management system and wet land protection website, has realized that wetland data management, collection, dynamic monitoring and Web publishing are in one as Fig. 1.Wherein the wetland spatial data management system is most crucial in whole wetland resource and an ecologic environment supervisory systems part, it is the data center of system, adopt the exploitation of B/S+C/S mixed mode, have at a high speed, safety, advantage such as stable, realize massive spatial data and business datum is integrated and manage; The wetland field investgation system is mainly used in wetland field study and wetland data acquisition and renewal, and is based on portable computer and GPS Development of Module, different based on the data acquisition unit of PDA with tradition; The wetland event management system adopts mobile GIS technology, utilizes hardware and technology realization Wetland ecological incident dynamic monitoring and ecological incidents early warning such as Short Message Service Gateway, sms center platform; The wet land protection website is the window of foreign exchanges, adopts the WebGIS technology to develop, and externally issues the wetland spatial information and advocates the wetland culture.More than four parts carry out data transmission and communication by LAN (Local Area Network), Internet net and wireless communication networks, data, services has synchronism and consistance.
Described wetland spatial data management system is based on homemade hypergraph (SuperMapGIS) platform, adopt component technology, the geography information desktop application system of Object-Oriented Programming Language C#.net and technological development, major function is the management multi-source relevant with wetland, attitude for a long time, multiple class, the spatial data of many ratios and non-space data, with unified state coordinate system is benchmark, realized that all data are at same coordinate, the stack of " figure " formula shows and the reference utilization in the same map window, and the long-range packet that reports of wetland field investgation system is carried out decipher and upgrades the wetland spatial database.The grid framework adopts the C/S+B/S mixed mode, has guaranteed security of system and data response speed.For realizing relational database unified management system data, consider the problem of Mass Data Management and performance simultaneously, select for use large-scale relevant database SQL Server2005 as data base management system (DBMS), adopt SDX (Spatial DatabaseeXtension) spatial database engine, ideally solved the problem of management of spatial data and non-space data.System is by carrying out the branch library management to data, realized the distributed treatment and the centralized management of multi-source data and deposits.The characteristic of system also is to come the multi-source data of complex management with a powerful multi-levels data manager, carries out spatial analysis by comprehensive integration and stack reference, helps finding and excavating new knowledge, the science decision of auxiliary administrative authority.
Described wetland field investgation system is to be platform with the data acquisition unit, hardware device and independently developed data acquisition softwares such as combining image collector, GPS receiver module, infrared distance measurement module, wireless communication module, adopt blue-tooth technology, 3G network, GPS technology, spatial database technology etc. to develop, possess powerful graphics process is arranged, comprehensively soft, the hardware system of space data collection, attribute data typing and image acquisition ability.Native system can be realized with no paper site work, the duplication of labour of having avoided indoor interior industry to handle, improved the work efficiency of data acquisition, be fit to very much the field condition investigation, can be used to investigate muskeg distribution, Animal resources distribution, water quality detection, hydraulic facilities, renewal wetland data, project generaI investigation etc.
Described wetland event management system comprises incident management terminal and incident management service end.The incident management terminal mainly is responsible for obtaining the Wetland ecological event information, the invention provides three kinds of modes of obtaining ecological incidents information, utilizes incident collector collection event, website to fill in the incident list and dials alarm call.After the incident management terminal obtains event information, event information is generated the event packet of standard format, utilize 2.5G/3G network, Internet network and Global Link network that data packet transmission is arrived the incident management service end, the management service end utilizes the event monitoring module that packet is filtered and decipher, externally issues early warning information by the incident release module again.Multiple technologies such as the comprehensive mobile GIS technology of native system, Short Message Service Gateway technology, wireless telecommunications, adopt Micorsoft Windows Mobile series operating system and Evc+eSuperMap platform to develop, realized the dynamic monitoring and the early warning of Wetland ecological incident.By the native system practice operation, the incident that realized is early found, early reports, is early handled, and has made things convenient for the administrative authority and the public to participate in wet land protection work, helps improving the efficient that Wetland ecological recovers engineering construction work.
The incident collector is made up of central processing unit, GPS module, image acquisition device, message composer and communication module, and major function comprises map operation, incident location, image acquisition, event description, the making of standard Event packet, wireless transmission, incident decipher and incident early warning etc.
Described wet land protection website is functions such as the propaganda of a collection wetland, news, forum, map issue and ecological early warning, towards the comprehensive website of the whole society, is the window that people understand wetland, also is the platform of public participation wet land protection.This website is different from the General website, has adopted the WebGIS map server to do support, for the public provides wetland resource space distribution situation and Wetland ecological environment real-time change situation.Powerful data management function and the analytic function of utilization GIS realized wetland map view, inquiry, statistics and analysis function.The wetland reporting events module of this website, for the public participation wet land protection provides platform, the public can be by the online incident list of filling in, and realization event reports.For guaranteeing data general-purpose, adopt the IS.net platform of SuperMapGIS to develop.The data of website data and wetland spatial data management system and wetland event management system have consistance and synchronism, administrative authority is after internal data renewal, capturing events, the automatic real-time update of site maps data and early warning information, what guarantee that the public recognizes is up-to-date, information the most timely.
Below four ingredients of the present invention are described in further detail:
1, wetland spatial data management system:
(1) network structure that combines with B/S of C/.
The C/S+B/S mixed mode that native system adopts is meant the mixed mode that the Client/Server structure combines with the Browser/Server structure.The system of C/S structure, the access of data can utilize server and the processing of data can rely on client-side program, thereby Large Volume Data handled, the profound analysis, gather, input and output in batches, have in the work of mass change than higher performance, for realizing complicated applications such as graph image and need (as calling local disk file or other application programs with local resource, as turntable driving, OCR identification, calling etc. of figure compression and decompression and workstation local password machine) carry out in the operation of interactivity more conveniently, thereby can rely on the C/S structure to reach a satisfied effect in the management of GIS data.But the system of C/S structure is big to the dependence of network bottom layer agreement, because subprogram is not based upon on the ICP/IP protocol, therefore to the solution and the inconvenience of problems such as fire wall, multisegment, also inadequate slightly to the support of cross-platform (as Unix-Windows); In addition, present application system construction has generally all exceeded the LAN (Local Area Network) category, and traditional C/S structure also has limitation to realizing the organic combination between Intranet/outer net, LAN/WAN.And comparatively speaking, the B/S structure is lower to user's technical requirement, and is also lower to the configuration requirement of FEP, and the interface is abundant, the client maintenance amount is little, program distribution is simple, updating maintenance is convenient.It carries out cross-platform layout easily, coordinates between LAN (Local Area Network) and wide area network easily, and especially suitable information issue class is used.The issuing service of native system map will utilize the B/S structure to finish.
(2) data storage method.
Powerful mass data processing and branch library management, data divide library management to be meant that system data leaves in the disparate databases respectively, and each database can also be placed on the different servers, data linkage is carried out by key in each storehouse, thereby distributed treatment, centralized management and the network of realizing data are shared.Divide library management to cooperate document data bank to do buffered simultaneously, the mass data of the solution network of quickness and high efficiency connection is exchangeed problem more, has improved the data response speed.The data management system system relates to geo-spatial data storehouse, spatial database, incident Service Database, four databases of attribute database.The satellite remote-sensing image data of a plurality of ages of wetland, different proportion, the digital line layout figure of different medium, different proportion etc. are mainly deposited in the geo-spatial data storehouse; Spatial database is mainly deposited the space diagram data relevant with wetland, comprises wetland administrative division, water system data, road net, administrative stationary point, wet land protection station, vegetation distribution plan, birds distribution plan, fish map, hydrology-water quality Monitoring Data, gathers sample prescription data etc.; The incident Service Database is mainly deposited monitoring incident business datum, comprises event source, multi-medium data, monitor terminal information etc.; Attribute database comprises system's operation control data, data dictionary, birds register, plant register, fish register, wet land protection laws and regulations etc.By adopting SDX Spatial Data Engine technology that unified management is carried out in each storehouse, provide massive spatial data, non-space data are carried out the database service of high efficiency manipulation.
(3) spatial data organization structure.
Wetland has wide regional coverage and diversity characteristics, and the wetland data also are varied more complicated, and traditional data management software can't solve multi-level spatial information unified management problem.Such as, traditional C AD system has only file and two level of figure layer, current domestic and international state-of-the-art generalized information system at most also can only be managed the data of two to three levels, all have only engineering and two level of figure layer as ArcGIS and MapInfo, homemade outstanding GIS software SuperMapGIS also has only work space, data source and three level of figure layer.So native system has been developed multi-level data organizational structure, as shown in Figure 2, native system is provided with four data levels, and first level is a database, and a database can comprise a plurality of data class nodes; Second level is data class, and the user can add, revises and delete this level according to authority, and a data class can comprise a plurality of data set nodes; The 3rd level is data set, and the user can add, revises and delete this level according to authority, and a data set can comprise a plurality of data Layer nodes; The 4th level is a data Layer, and data Layer has multiple forms such as point, line, surface, text, picture, and the user can add, revises and delete this level according to authority.Through facts have proved, the data management structure of four levels can satisfy wetland resource and the ecologic environment efficient data management with diversity and complicacy characteristics fully.
(4) main functional modules.
Native system is provided with GIS interoperability functional modules such as the decipher of long-range reported data bag and graphics process, view operation, data edition, statistical study.Long-range reported data bag interpretation module is responsible for packet is interpreted as spatial object, attribute information and image information, and adds these information to corresponding database according to Data Identification, realizes the data in real time renewal.Graphics process comprises figure conversion, calls, plays up and shows, supports multiple external data form to import and derivation.Comprise vector data, raster data and database data, vector data is supported the Shp file of ArcGIS, the Tab file of MapInfo, the wat of MapGIS, wal, wap, the dwg of wan file, CAD, dxf etc., raster data is supported Jpg, Tif, files such as Bmp, Ecw, database is supported DBF and ACCESS etc.For improving the graph data display speed, native system adopts image pyramid technique compresses image, and sets up a plurality of versions of data, calls the data of different editions automatically according to the different proportion of view window.View operation is that general GIS function comprises amplification, dwindles, roams, locatees and scheme layer control, and the control of figure layer can be filtered demonstration to the figure layer, can also improve graphic presentation speed by figure layer indication range parameter is set; The data edition function comprises that the basic vector element is drawn, geographic element is drawn and the modification of pel, the basic vector element comprises point, line, surface, circle, rectangle, ellipse etc., and geographic element comprises road, house, vegetation, river etc., pel revise comprise pel selection, deletion, node editor, move, node is caught, data are duplicated etc.; Function of statistic analysis comprises inquiry and statistics, and inquiry is divided into special topic inquiry and space querying.Fuzzy query and accurately inquiry are supported in the special topic inquiry, can carry out by simple click, do not need to write loaded down with trivial details SQL statement.Native system is provided with AreaIntersect, AreaIntersectNoEdgeTouch, Cent-roidInPolygon, CommonLine, CommonPoint, CommonPointOrLineCross, ContainedBy, ContainedByNoEdgeTouch, Containing, ContainingNoEdgeTouch, Disjoint, EdgeTouc-hOrAreaIntersect, ExtentOverlap, Indentical, LineCross, Overlap, 14 kinds of space querying patterns such as PointInPolygon, and can control in conjunction with sql like language.Such as: reed distribution situation in the administrative scope in inquiry A county, then can utilize A county Administrative boundaries to carry out space querying for target, query pattern is with Containing (being included within the target zone), query object is the vegetation distribution plan, SQL statement is " vegetation pattern=" reed " ", can sort, add up and export the result after the inquiry.Specific analysis is meant uses various figure styles (for example color or fill pattern) symbol to express attribute information aspect feature, specific analysis is the process that map is played up, thematic map is represented present situation and the regularity of distribution and the contact thereof of phenomenon, and can point out the dynamic change and the rule of development of these phenomenons, help prediction and decision-making.
(5) software design pattern and method.
Native system adopts the UML technology, and object oriented analysis, design, development approach instruct whole development activities, and each function of software is encapsulated utilization with component form.UML adopts model to come structure or static nature and the behavior or the behavioral characteristics of descriptive system, and it is the framework modeling of system from different visual angles, forms the different views (view) of system.Each view is made up of one or more figure (diagram), and a figure is exactly the expression of system in certain side, and all figure form the full view of system together.To embody understanding with illustration, the function set of descriptive system to demand; Embody the architecture of system with the form of class figure, object diagram, activity diagram, sequence chart; With each organic component of component drawings display systems, give expression to deployment idea to system with stretch-out view.Object-oriented Technique is the revolution of software engineering, has milestone inthe on the software development history.System adopts C#.net Object-oriented Programming Design language to develop, and object in the real world is abstracted into the object logic of PC World, and with object class, realizes encapsulation, succession, the polymorphism of object.Component technology be fitst water up to now also be a kind of SOFTWARE REUSE TECHNOLOGY with fastest developing speed, solved problems such as the reusability that exists in the software development, bad adaptability and cycle be long.In the performance history of system, adhere to the development technique of modularization, componentization, by developing different assemblies, interface and member, realize that expansion, the module of software function reused and customization fast, make develop software easy just as playing with building blocks.
2, wetland field investgation system:
(1) data acquisition unit.
At present, other industry field data collection commonly used has used palm PC (PDA) product of GPS function mostly integrated, the characteristics of this series products be volume little, in light weight, carry convenient especially.The characteristics of wetland data diversity and complicacy; the data that the wetland field study need be prepared are a lot, comprise multi-medium datas such as the spatial data such as digital line layout figure, wetland administrative division, water system, road net, wet land protection station, vegetation distribution plan, birds distribution plan, fish map, hydrology-water quality Monitoring Data, sample prescription collection point of multiple satellite boat sheet data, the different medium different proportion of various years different resolution and video recording, photograph.The system of investigation in earlier stage earlier the geo-spatial data in the field of investigation, spatial data that wetland is relevant being packed into, be used for navigation and location, need in the fact-finding process repeatedly call and unload these data, immediately do overlay analysis, with reference to utilizing, and have lot of data to need timely typing.It is necessary especially that graphics process speed equipment fast, stable, that storage space is enough big, easy to operate seems, at this moment seems powerless based on the data acquisition unit of PDA and portable computer just possesses these characteristics.Wetland data acquisition unit structure as shown in Figure 3.
(2) communication modes between numerous hardware devices.
It is more that Field data collection system relates to hardware device, comprises portable computer, GPS module, infrared range-measurement system, image acquisition device etc., connects easily and data transmission for solving between these hardware, adopts blue tooth wireless communication to be undoubtedly best means.Bluetooth is a kind of short distance (generally being within the 10m), the most cheap wireless communication technique, supports point-to-point and point-to-multipoint communication modes.By using high-speed frequency-hopping (FH, Frequency Hopping) and time division multiple access (TDMA) (TDMA, Time DivesionMuli-access) technology, see through the wireless receiver on the chip, make the hardware device of being furnished with bluetooth module can be netted link, transmission speed can reach megabyte p.s. 1, can solve effectively between each equipment by the data line complicated situation that interconnects.General portable computer all carries bluetooth module, also can spend the bluetooth module that dozens of yuan is bought a USB interface, and hardware such as GPS module, infrared range-measurement system, image acquisition device also possess bluetooth communication module.Bluetooth connects very simple, after portable computer is opened bluetooth service, effective bluetooth equipment in can automatically search service scope, after finding equipment, each equipment of giving respectively distributes a special-purpose com interface to connect, and the successful connection hardware device just can equally carry out data read operation as ordinary file.Wetland field investgation system equipment connects as shown in Figure 6.
(3) gps data coordinate conversion and navigation.
The wetland field of investigation is general bigger, does not have obvious geographical indication, and ship travels in the waters and is easy to get lost.The advantage that GPS has fast, accurately locatees, and the locator data per second refreshes once, by decipher gps coordinate information, coordinate information is presented in the map window with a some object, just can locate fast in conjunction with satellite remote-sensing image, for data acquisition provides navigation feature.GPS is global positioning system, the positioning result that obtains during location survey is the Wgs84 coordinate system of global general-use, and China's surveying and mapping result generally adopts state coordinate system, and therefore 54 two kinds in the most frequently used is Xi'an 80 and Beijing need be transformed into gps coordinate in the state coordinate system.Influence system's operation for avoiding too much calculating, propose the coordinate conversion model of less hardware resource spending, adopt least square method to carry out asking for of coordinate transformation parameter and adjustment.At first, with the terrestrial coordinate (B under the target-based coordinate system
1, L
1, H
1) be converted to Gauss's coordinate under the coordinates of targets according to the Gauss projection principle, secondly with reference mark WGS84 terrestrial coordinate (B
2, L
2, H
2) convert the WGS84 Gauss plane coordinate to according to the Gauss projection principle.Then that reference mark WGS84 Gauss plane coordinate is corresponding one by one at Gauss's coordinate of target-based coordinate system with the reference mark, ask for the plane conversion parameter according to four parameter plane transformation models, then parameter is applied to other point coordinate conversion of the field of investigation.Also relate to the problem of central meridian in the transfer process, generally we can be in the field of investigation, and entad is surveyed a bit, get with this longitude nearest be central meridian by 3 warps of dividing exactly.
(4) data acquisition.
The main vehicles are power ships during the wetland data acquisition, when utilizing the GPS navigation location, navigation spots can be saved in special guidance path data Layer, can be provided with 1 second as required, write down once in 2 seconds or 5 seconds.Each navigation spots comprises numbering, and attributes such as X coordinate, Y coordinate, elevation, speed so just can clearly be expressed the place of having passed by, and helps rationally arranging investigation route and convenient data preparation work in the future.Data acquisition software provides two kinds of space data collection ways, a kind of is directly to gather with the GPS absolute fix, the point object can be surveyed by single-point, can not adopt how much subsidiary modules of system to carry out data acquisition for there being the zone spot measurement of (weak) gps signal, line and can surrounding target navigate by water a circle in the face of resembling is by obtaining that a succession of point generates line automatically and in the face of resembling.Another kind method is to obtain current position by navigator fix, in conjunction with high resolution ratio satellite remote-sensing image identification, visual inspection, utilize powerful pel to draw function and delineate out the geographical space object, also can utilize the raster data expansion module to carry out decipher to defending sheet, be provided with full-automatic decipher, semi-automatic decipher and three kinds of patterns of manual decipher, can improve data collection task efficient greatly.If higher to the data accuracy requirement, system's support adopts GPS real time differential treating method to improve the precision of coordinate information.Real time differential is meant by setting up a base station, send differential signal by base station in real time to subscriber station, subscriber station is eliminated error according to differential signal, can improve GPS and measure and the precision of navigating, the GPS differential signal of system is transferred to portable computer by the 3G wireless network from differential server.In the time of space data collection, utilize the image acquisition device images acquired to carry out the scene evidence obtaining, data acquisition software is that image generates unique encoding, and set up related with spatial object image automatically, spatial object can related one or more image information, and collection site can be deleted, revise and images acquired information again.Data acquisition software makes full use of portable computer keyboard and is provided with multiple attribute data input mechanisms such as first letter of pinyin input, digital code input, mouse selection input, can carry out the attribute typing quickly and easily.After these work were finished, data acquisition software was saved in database automatically with spatial information, image information, attribute information, simultaneously they was generated the packet of standard format, prepared the long-range server that is reported to.The wetland data acquisition flow as shown in Figure 4.
(5) how much subsidiary module job steps.
During spot measurement, the gps signal of some measurement point (as the corner of buildings, cover tree crown measurement point down) is weak (catching a satellite number less than 3 Teeth) or do not have signal very, at this moment can adopt geometry subsidiary modules to measure.As Fig. 5, A, 2 of B are 2 points that gps signal is arranged, and P is the measurement point of no GPS, point just to be asked.At first, we can utilize the GPS module to measure the coordinate of an A and some B earlier, measure the distance L 1 of an A to impact point P with infrared range-measurement system again, some B is to the distance L 2 of impact point P, then, utilize the blue tooth wireless communication technology with A, B, L1, L2 are transferred to the Data Input Interface of module automatically, the way that operation is found the solution for how much calculates the impact point coordinate, is applicable to one-point measurement task in nothing (weak) the gps signal measurement zone.How much method for solving: with the A point is that center of circle L1 is that radius is drawn a round C1, is that center of circle L2 is that radius is drawn another circle C2 with the B point, and at this moment these two circles have two intersection point P1, P2, and again according to A, B, the sense of rotation of P is determined P1, P2 which be real P.
(6) remote data is uploaded.
3G full name 3rd-generation, Chinese implication is the third generation mobile technology, is meant the honeycomb mobile communication technology of supporting high speed data transfer, and the high-speed data service of providing feature is provided.The 3G online is a fast wireless login technique new behind GSM, GPRS, EDGE, and portable computer can be realized by expansion 3G wireless network card.At first need to buy the 3G wireless interface module of a USB interface plug and play, apply for a 3G number then to the business hall, China Mobile, China Telecom, CHINAUNICOM all have the 3G business selective, open the wireless Internet access business whenever and wherever possible that lower cost also can be realized in the back.High speed like this, data transmission channel have easily been arranged, just can the packet real time remote be reported to server, so that up-to-date data, services is provided as send out E-Mail in office.
3, wetland event management system:
(1) Wetland ecological incident.
Wetland ecological incident of the present invention is meant the things that all are relevant with wetland resource and variation of ecology and environment, as: various natural activities and mankind's activities such as fish kills, migration of birds, animal reproduction, alien species invasion, water pollution, afforestation, violation fishing.Incident mainly is made up of several sections such as scene, time of origin, content description, relevant image documents.Incident is collected by the incident management terminal, and the incident management service end is examined, issue and early warning.
(2) incident management terminal.
Because wet land protection district general range is big, traffic is also not convenient, management work must make full use of public's strength, and personnel relate to wet land protection district managerial personnel, protection station staff, fisherman and peasant etc.At different management hierarchys, system provides incident collector collection event, the website incident of filling in to declare list, dials three kinds of incidents collections of alarm call way, and the principle of work of three kinds of ways as shown in Figure 7.
Incident collector collection event is a most convenient, incident obtains approach the most efficiently, sees (3).
The wet land protection website provides the ecological incidents network to report and ecological warning function.The user can the online incident of filling in declare list, content comprises: incident title, event type, location of incident, Time To Event, event description, incident picture information, declarer's name, telephone number etc., wherein location of incident can navigate to village, group unit by the ground module, also can be concrete coordinate position.Incident declaration form single-pass is crossed the incident Service Database that the website directly is sent to administrative authority.The website is stored in a special data Layer with incident after receiving the incident news or incident business information of incident management service end transmission.The form of expression of incident on electronic chart is one and do not stop the case point that glimmers that the click event point can be understood the details of incident, comprises the image document that Time To Event, incident scene, event description information and incident are relevant.
Can't by the above two gather ecological incidents the masses can alarm call reflects situation by dialing fixedly, the incident management end has operator to be responsible for message is write into event data, be saved in the incident Service Database, write down information such as warning people's telephone number and name simultaneously, will inform the event handling result in the mode of short message or phone when event handling finishes.
(3) incident collector.
As shown in Figure 8, the incident collector is made of central processing unit, GPS module, image acquisition device, message composer and communication module, adopt Micorsoft Windows Mobile series operating system and use the exploitation of EvceSuperMap embedded platform, the data management function that utilization GIS is powerful and the dual link both-way communication ability of communication module, functions such as realization event collection, reporting events, command reception, incident early warning and map operation.At first, utilize the GPS module to obtain location of incident and time, GPS can capture the signal of 3 above satellites generally speaking, by the positioning calculation method and to text resolve the longitude that can calculate the user geographic location, latitude, highly, information such as speed, time; Utilize the relevant image information of image acquisition device collection event then, can adopt many images or take the photograph phase according to on-the-spot needs; Utilize message composer to write event description information; Central processing unit these information that will obtain generate the event packet of a standard format then, utilize communication module event packet to be sent to the sms center platform of China Mobile at last, the sms center platform adopts SMPP (note point-to-point protocol) that packet is sent to Short Message Service Gateway, and Short Message Service Gateway adopts the CMPP agreement to utilize the DDN dedicated network packet to be dealt into the incident service server of administrative authority through router, fire wall again.Incident collector data transmission network configuration as shown in Figure 9.
The incident collector is provided with electronic chart, can browse, inquire about and analyze map; Be provided with incident short message case, can deposit many event informations.After the incident business information that receives the transmission of incident management service end, at first information is kept at message box, message identification is reminded the user with alarm song then for not checking.After the holder checks event information, message identification is for checking state, automatically open simultaneously the background map of embedding, incident will show with the form of point of scintillation on the map, and presented event geographic position placed in the middle, the click event point can be understood the details of incident, comprises the image document that Time To Event, incident scene, event description information and incident are relevant.By Shortest Path Analysis, can calculate the minimal path in current location arrival event place, auxiliary holder rushes for the spot assist process fast.
(4) incident management service end.
As shown in Figure 7, the Wetland ecological incident mainly is sent to the incident management service end through 3 kinds of approach, and the one, by incident collector collection event, send event packet; The 2nd, declare list by the website incident of filling in, online submission; The 3rd, by dialing alarm call, directly fill in event data by operator.After the incident management service end was received event packet, monitoring modular was resolved automatically to event packet, and event data is added in the incident Service Database.The incident release module is responsible for the audit and the issue of incident, and the incident release module can read the incident business of not issuing in the middle of the incident Service Database, after managerial personnel's audit, incident is externally issued.The external issue of incident also can be notified different users with 3 kinds of forms, and the one, be published to wetland spatial data management system and wetland incident management service end with SMS and incident business information mode, the very first time is notified managerial personnel; The 2nd, notify the holder of all incident collectors with mobile phone short messages, with the assist process incident; The 3rd, be published on the electronic chart based on the wet land protection website of WebGIS technology with media event and incident business information mode, be published in society, appeal public's assist process incident.
4, wet land protection website:
(1) web sites function.
The wetland website by wetland electronic chart, wetland news, wetland dynamically, a plurality of modules such as wetland forum, wet land protection laws and regulations, wetland animals and plants register, wetland reporting events form.Towards whole world wet land protection person open comprehensive website, be the window that people understand wetland, also be the platform of public participation wet land protection.The website has adopted the WebGIS map server to do support, for the public provides wetland resource space distribution situation and Wetland ecological environment real-time change situation.Powerful data management function and the analytic function of utilization GIS realized wetland map view, inquiry, statistics and analysis function.For guaranteeing data general-purpose, adopt the IS.net platform of SuperMapGIS to develop.The data of website data and wetland spatial data management system and wetland event management system have consistance and synchronism, administrative authority is after internal data renewal, capturing events, site maps data and early warning information be real-time update automatically, and what guarantee that the public recognizes is up-to-date, information the most timely.
(2) cross-platform, cross operating system operation.
Wetland is described as " kidney of the earth ", and whole world people pay close attention to very that wetland is dynamic, and the user has thousands of, and is distributed in all over the world, because the browser difference, the operating system difference usually can cause the website to visit.The WebService service is used in this website, use standard technique to make the software application resource available on network, because WebService is based on standard interface, so even move with different language compilation and on different operating system, they also can carry out communication.
(3) nothing based on AJAX refreshes map view technology (SuperMapIS.Net platform).
Traditional WebGIS technology all is to be sent to the client demonstration after generating picture by the GIS map server, the operation of each map all will be carried out alternately with map server, the client will have a time of waiting for, because in client is picture, it represents effect and is restricted, and is satisfactory inadequately.This website adopts advanced AJAX not have refresh technique, generate the basic geographic map layer picture of different proportion chi earlier at server end, constantly obtain picture by the AJAX technology from server end, only upgrade simultaneously map display part in the page, other parts that need not upgrade then remain unchanged in the page, make that the operation of map is very smooth and easy, map operation all refreshes full page at every turn, gives the good visual effect of people.Thematic data dynamically generates in client, shows as vector data, can carry out very abundant application, and for example: mouse can show information that this is thematic or the like above moving to special topic.
Claims (10)
1. wetland resource and ecologic environment monitoring and managing method is characterized in that being made up of wetland spatial data management system, wetland field investgation system, four parts of wetland event management system and wet land protection website; Utilize the communication modes transmission data of Internet network, 3G network, wireless communication networks, with the corporate data base is that the information hinge organically links together four parts, guarantee data synchronization updating, realized that wetland data management, collection, dynamic monitoring and Web publishing are in one; Wherein the wetland spatial data management system is most crucial in whole wetland resource and an ecologic environment supervisory systems part, is the data center of system, adopts the exploitation of B/S+C/S mixed mode, carries out the integrated and management of massive spatial data and business datum; The wetland field investgation system is used for wetland field study and data acquisition and renewal, based on portable computer and GPS Development of Module; The wetland event management system adopts mobile GIS technology, utilizes Short Message Service Gateway, sms center platform hardware and technology to realize the dynamic monitoring of Wetland ecological incident; The wet land protection website is the window of foreign exchanges, adopts the WebGIS technology to develop, and externally issues the wetland spatial information.
2. according to the wetland resource and the ecologic environment monitoring and managing method of claim 1, it is characterized in that described wetland spatial data management system is based on homemade hypergraph (SuperMapGIS) platform, adopt component technology, the geography information desktop application system of Object-Oriented Programming Language C#.net and technological development, manage the multi-source relevant with wetland, attitude for a long time, multiple class, the spatial data of many ratios and non-space data, with unified state coordinate system is benchmark, realized that all data are at same coordinate, the stack of " figure " formula shows and the reference utilization in the same map window, and the long-range packet that reports of wetland field investgation system is carried out decipher and upgrades the wetland spatial data; The grid framework adopts the C/S+B/S mixed mode, selects for use large-scale relevant database SQL Server2005 as data base management system (DBMS), adopts SDX (SpatialDatabase eXtension) spatial database engine; System carries out the branch library management to data, and the distributed treatment and the centralized management of realization multi-source data also deposited; Come the multi-source data of complex management with a multi-levels data manager, comprehensive integration is carried out spatial analysis with the stack reference.
3. according to claim 1 wetland resource and ecologic environment monitoring and managing method, it is characterized in that described wetland field investgation system is is platform with the data acquisition unit, form by image acquisition collection, GPS receiver module, infrared distance measurement module, wireless communication module, adopt blue-tooth technology, 3G network, GPS technology, spatial database technology, possess the system ensemble of graphics process, space data collection, attribute data typing and image acquisition.
4. according to claim 1 wetland resource and ecologic environment monitoring and managing method, it is characterized in that described wetland event management system, comprise incident management terminal and incident management service end, the incident management terminal is utilized incident collector collection event, the website is filled in the incident list and is dialed alarm call and obtains the Wetland ecological event information, after the incident management terminal obtains event information, event information is generated the event packet of standard format, utilize the 2.5G/3G network, Internet network and Global Link network arrive the incident management service end with data packet transmission, the incident management service end utilizes the event monitoring module that packet is filtered and decipher, and the incident release module is externally issued early warning information.
5. according to claim 1 wetland resource and ecologic environment monitoring and managing method, it is characterized in that described wet land protection website is the comprehensive website of a wetland propaganda, news, forum, map issue and ecological early warning, being the window that people understand wetland, also is the platform of public participation wet land protection; Adopted the WebGIS map server to do support, utilization GIS data management function and analytic function are realized wetland map view, inquiry, statistics and analysis; Wetland reporting events module is for the public participation wet land protection provides platform; Adopt the IS.net platform development of SuperMapGIS, the data of website data and wetland spatial data management system and wetland event management system have consistance and synchronism, the automatic real-time update of site maps data and early warning information.
6. wetland resource and ecologic environment supervisory systems is characterized in that being made up of wetland spatial data management system, wetland field investgation system, four parts of wetland event management system and wet land protection website; Utilize the communication modes transmission data of Internet network, 3G network, wireless communication networks, with the corporate data base is that the information hinge organically links together four parts, wherein the wetland spatial data management system is most crucial in whole wetland resource and an ecologic environment supervisory systems part, it is the data center of system, adopt the exploitation of B/S+C/S mixed mode, carry out the integrated and management of massive spatial data and business datum; The wetland field investgation system is used for wetland field study and data acquisition and renewal, based on portable computer and GPS Development of Module; The wetland event management system adopts mobile GIS technology, utilizes Short Message Service Gateway, sms center platform hardware and technology to realize the dynamic monitoring of Wetland ecological incident; The wet land protection website is the window of foreign exchanges, adopts the WebGIS technology to develop, and externally issues the wetland spatial information.
7. according to claim 1 or 6 described wetland resources and ecologic environment supervisory systems, it is characterized in that the wetland spatial data management system relates to geo-spatial data storehouse, spatial database, incident business library, attribute database, the satellite remote-sensing image data of geo-spatial data stock moisture releasing a plurality of ages of ground, different proportion, the digital line layout figure of different medium, different proportion; Spatial database is deposited the space diagram data relevant with wetland, comprises wetland administrative division, water system data, road net, administrative stationary point, wet land protection station, vegetation distribution plan, birds distribution plan, fish map, hydrology-water quality Monitoring Data, gathers sample prescription data etc.; The incident Service Database is deposited monitoring incident business datum, comprises event source, multi-medium data, monitor terminal information etc.; Attribute database comprises system's operation control data, data dictionary, birds register, plant register, fish register, wet land protection rules.
8. wetland resource according to claim 6 and ecologic environment supervisory systems, the main functional modules that it is characterized in that the wetland spatial data management system comprise the decipher of long-range reported data bag and graphics process, view operation, data edition, statistical study, GIS interoperability functional module.
9. wetland resource according to claim 6 and ecologic environment supervisory systems, it is characterized in that the hardware device that the wetland field investgation system relates to comprises portable computer, GPS module, infrared range-measurement system, image acquisition device, connection between the hardware and data transmission adopt blue tooth wireless communication.
10. according to claim 6 wetland resource and ecologic environment supervisory systems, it is characterized in that the incident collector is made up of central processing unit, GPS module, image acquisition device, message composer and communication module, realize map operation, incident location, picture collection, event description, the making of standard Event packet, wireless transmission, incident decipher and incident early warning.
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| CN2009102636627A CN102103713A (en) | 2009-12-18 | 2009-12-18 | Method and system for monitoring wetland resource and ecological environment |
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