CN102084144B - 用于水下应用的滚动轴承 - Google Patents

用于水下应用的滚动轴承 Download PDF

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CN102084144B
CN102084144B CN200980123558.6A CN200980123558A CN102084144B CN 102084144 B CN102084144 B CN 102084144B CN 200980123558 A CN200980123558 A CN 200980123558A CN 102084144 B CN102084144 B CN 102084144B
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bearing
rolling
bearer ring
rolling bearing
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CN102084144A (zh
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爱德华·贝雷斯奇
海因茨-迪特尔·施韦特费格尔
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Schaeffler Technologies AG and Co KG
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/32—Balls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C37/00—Cooling of bearings
    • F16C37/007—Cooling of bearings of rolling bearings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C19/00—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C19/02—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows
    • F16C19/14—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load
    • F16C19/16—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls
    • F16C19/163—Bearings with rolling contact, for exclusively rotary movement with bearing balls essentially of the same size in one or more circular rows for both radial and axial load with a single row of balls with angular contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2240/00—Specified values or numerical ranges of parameters; Relations between them
    • F16C2240/40—Linear dimensions, e.g. length, radius, thickness, gap
    • F16C2240/70—Diameters; Radii
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2300/00—Application independent of particular apparatuses
    • F16C2300/10—Application independent of particular apparatuses related to size
    • F16C2300/14—Large applications, e.g. bearings having an inner diameter exceeding 500 mm
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/30—Parts of ball or roller bearings
    • F16C33/58—Raceways; Race rings
    • F16C33/62—Selection of substances

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Rolling Contact Bearings (AREA)

Abstract

一种用于水下应用、尤其用于水下涡轮机的滚动轴承(2)，包括布置在轴承壳体(8)中的、由不锈的材料制成的外环(4)和内环(6)。在轴承环(4、6)之间、在所属的滚动面(10)上布置多个保持在保持架(12)中的、由耐腐蚀材料制成的滚动体(14)。为了在其直径(D)尤其在0.2和10m之间的滚动轴承(2)中节省重量，将至少一个轴承环(4、6)构造成薄环轴承的轴承环。

Description

用于水下应用的滚动轴承
技术领域
本申请文件涉及一种用于水下应用的滚动轴承，该滚动轴承尤其用在用于产生电流的水下涡轮机中。
背景技术
这种滚动轴承直接暴露在周围介质之下，例如暴露在水中，其中有侵蚀性的海水引起腐蚀。在该背景下，这种滚动轴承由耐腐蚀的材料制成，例如由陶瓷材料或者由特种钢制成。用于水下涡轮机的轴承具有典型地处于1和10m之间的直径。当轴承例如由于腐蚀而不能再工作时，这额外地使得轴承的维护以及其更换变得困难。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种用于水下应用的改善的滚动轴承。
该目的根据本发明通过用于水下应用的滚动轴承来实现，其包括布置在轴承壳体中的由不锈的材料制成的外环和内环，其中在轴承环之间在所属的滚动面上布置多个保持在保持架中的、由耐腐蚀的材料制成的滚动体，并且其中将至少一个轴承环构造成薄环轴承的轴承环。
在此，薄环轴承理解为滚动轴承，该滚动轴承的轴承环具有比轴承的外直径小很多倍并且尤其小于轴承的外直径的1/10的厚度。不锈的材料例如可以是不锈钢、陶瓷材料或者涂层的钢。
本发明从以下构思出发，即在制造其直径优选处于≥0.2m的范围内尤其处于1和10m之间的范围内的滚动轴承时能够节省重量，方法是将两个轴承环的至少一个构造成薄环轴承的轴承环。这种用于水下应用的滚动轴承不仅用在水下涡轮机中，而且用在造船和铁质水生产(Stahlwasserbau)中。薄环轴承普遍的特征在于很小的质量、很小的扭矩以及空间上紧凑的结构，并且具有较高的刚度以及旋转精度。其至少一个轴承环构造成薄环轴承的轴承环的滚动轴承是节省重量和材料的实施方式，其特别适合于水下应用，其中由于轴承的大小以及周围条件很难进行维护和更换。
优选的是，轴承环仅仅在滚动面的范围内设计得更薄。在滚动面的侧面，轴承环在此具有比在滚动面的区域内的厚度厚很多倍的厚度。这种轴承尤其可以轻易地进行制造，方法是仅仅在滚动面的区域内对材料进行蚀刻，其中材料蚀刻比在轴承环应该在其整个轴向延伸上变薄时更少。在制造轴承时可以从管段出发，其中轴承的滚动面进行切削加工。
为了节省额外的重量，根据优选的改进方案，将两个轴承环构造成薄环轴承的轴承环。
根据优选的变型方案，构造成薄环轴承轴承环的轴承环具有与轴承的直径之比≤0.05的厚度。在滚动轴承的直径高达5m时，构造成薄环轴承轴承环的轴承环的厚度在25cm以下，由此显著降低轴承的重量。
鉴于滚动体的特别耐腐蚀的成分，其优选由不锈的铁铬钼钢制成或者由陶瓷材料制成。优选具有材料编号1.4108的这种铁铬钼钢在商品名铬化物中公开，并且其突出之处在于非常好的耐腐蚀性。作为用于构造滚动体的陶瓷材料例如可以使用Si3Ni4陶瓷材料。
提高滚动轴承的耐腐蚀性，方法是根据优选的变型方案轴承环也由优选具有材料编号1.4108的不锈的铁铬钼钢制成。在此，通过不仅滚动面而且滚动体的特定的表面特性实现了有利的滚动特性，从而在运行中使摩擦最小化。
根据另一优选的设计方案，保持架由合成材料制成或者涂有特氟龙或者说合成材料。为了构造保持架，例如能够应用聚醚醚酮(PEEK)。
由于滚动轴承的应用领域，流体的润滑剂例如脂或油的使用不是很有意义。为了消除这个问题，在此使用固体润滑剂涂层。这种固体润滑剂涂层例如可以由PTFE涂层、二硫化钼涂层或者石墨涂层制成。
根据优选的变型方案，轴承壳体涂有特氟龙。此外，优选在外环和轴承壳体之间设置例如0.2mm的缝隙。尤其也在内环和用于支承薄环轴承的轴之间构造这样的缝隙。通过对轴承壳体或者结合缝隙的轴承插口进行涂层，形成了滑动配合，从而保持轴承在轴承插口中可以以很小的程度进行运动。通过这种结构，轴承尤其不会由于腐蚀而固定不动或者卡住。此外，所述轴承插口的薄的涂层例如设有特氟龙。
根据另一有利的设计方案，在轴承壳体中构造用于以水在周围冲刷轴承部件的开口。具有1cSt的粘度的周围介质的水在此可以考虑作为冷却介质，并且因此通过轴承壳体的特别的设计而导向可运动的轴承部件。
附图说明
根据附图对本发明的实施例进行详细解释。其中唯一的附图示出了滚动轴承的一半的剖面。
具体实施方式
在附图中示出了滚动轴承2，该滚动轴承例如用在水下涡轮机中。该轴承2包括外环4和内环6，外环和内环布置在轴承壳体8中，从该轴承壳体中只能看到一个很小的截取部分。轴承环4、6具有滚动面10，多个保持在保持架12中的滚动体14在该滚动面上滚动，滚动体沿着圆周方向先后布置。球状的滚动体14在轴承运行中围绕轴承2的旋转轴线A滚动。不仅轴承环4、6而且滚动体14都由耐腐蚀的材料制成，例如由不锈的铁铬钼钢制成或者由陶瓷材料制成。保持架12在该实施例中由聚醚醚酮(PEEK)制成。
由于滚动轴承2的应用领域，轴承壳体设有没有更多示出的开口，从而由用作冷却介质的水在周围冲刷另外的轴承部件。此外，轴承壳体8沿着朝外环4的方向涂有滑动层，并且在轴承壳体8和外环4之间设置在附图中仅仅示意性的缝隙16，从而保持轴承2在轴承壳体8中可相对运动并且不会由于腐蚀而固定不动。
滚动轴承2在该实施例中具有大约3m的直径D。滚动轴承2构造成薄环轴承，也就是说不仅其外环4而且其内环6具有比轴承2的直径D小很多倍的厚度d。轴承环4、6的厚度d尤其小于15cm，也就是说其与直径D之比＜0.05。
作为图1中所示的实施方式的替代方案，滚动轴承2能够如此进行设计，从而将轴承环4、6中的一个设计成薄环轴承的轴承环并且尤其满足上面所述的比例。
附图标记列表
2     滚动轴承
4     外环
6     内环
10    滚动面
12    保持架
14    滚动体
16    缝隙
A     旋转轴线
D     轴承直径
d     轴承环厚度

Claims (11)

1.一种用于水下应用的滚动轴承(2)，包括布置在轴承壳体(8)中的、由不锈的材料制成的外环(4)和内环(6)，其中在所述轴承环(4、6)之间、在所属的滚动面(10)上布置多个保持在保持架(12)中的、由耐腐蚀的材料制成的滚动体(14)，其特征在于，将至少一个所述轴承环(4、6)构造成薄环轴承的轴承环，并且构造成薄环轴承的轴承环的所述轴承环(4、6)具有与所述轴承直径(D)之比≤0.05的厚度(d)，并且其中，所述滚动轴承(2)的轴承直径(D)＞1m，所述轴承环(4、6)由具有材料编号1.4108的不锈的铁铬钼钢制成。
2.根据权利要求1所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，所述轴承环(4、6)构造成薄环轴承的轴承环，所述轴承环仅仅在所述滚动面(10)的区域内构造得更薄。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，将两个所述轴承环(4、6)构造成薄环轴承的轴承环。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，所述滚动轴承(2)的轴承直径(D)处于1m和5m之间的范围内。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，所述滚动体(14)由不锈的铁铬钼钢制成或者由陶瓷材料制成。
6.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，所述保持架(12)由合成材料制成或者涂有特氟龙或者合成材料。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，所述滚动体(14)涂有固体润滑层。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，所述轴承壳体(8)涂有特氟龙。
9.根据权利要求8所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，在所述外环(4)和所述轴承壳体(8)之间设有缝隙(16)。
10.根据权利要求1或2所述的滚动轴承(2)，其特征在于，在所述轴承壳体(8)中构造用于以水在周围冲刷轴承部件(4、6、12、14)的开口。
11.一种根据前述权利要求中任一项所述的用于水下应用的滚动轴承的应用。
CN200980123558.6A 2008-06-20 2009-06-10 用于水下应用的滚动轴承 Expired - Fee Related CN102084144B (zh)

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KR20110036795A (ko) 2011-04-11
CN102084144A (zh) 2011-06-01
WO2009152804A1 (de) 2009-12-23
EP2304258B1 (de) 2013-01-09
CA2728945A1 (en) 2009-12-23
CA2728945C (en) 2016-08-23
EP2304258A1 (de) 2011-04-06
DE102008029483A1 (de) 2009-12-24

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