CN102083671A - 由枢轴销与肾形芯和经隔离指形芯形成的转向节 - Google Patents

由枢轴销与肾形芯和经隔离指形芯形成的转向节 Download PDF

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CN102083671A
CN102083671A CN2009801223273A CN200980122327A CN102083671A CN 102083671 A CN102083671 A CN 102083671A CN 2009801223273 A CN2009801223273 A CN 2009801223273A CN 200980122327 A CN200980122327 A CN 200980122327A CN 102083671 A CN102083671 A CN 102083671A
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托马斯·A·马切塞
杰里·R·斯梅雷茨基
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Abstract

一种用于制造轨道车厢耦合器转向节(16)的方法包含：提供上模具部分和下模具部分(210、250)，所述上模具部分和下模具部分具有至少部分界定转向节模具腔的周边边界的内部壁；将第一内部芯定位于所述上模具部分(210)或所述下模具部分(250)内，所述第一内部芯经配置以在所述转向节内界定肾形腔(12)和枢轴销毂(10)作为单个空穴；将第二内部芯定位于所述上模具部分(210)或所述下模具部分(250)内，所述第二内部芯经配置以界定指形腔(14)；在所述两个内部芯位于所述上模具部分与下模具部分(210，250)之间的情况下闭合所述上模具部分和下模具部分(210，250)；以及以熔融合金至少部分填充所述模具腔，所述熔融合金在填充之后固化以形成所述转向节，其中所述第一内部芯界定所述耦合器转向节的所述肾形腔(12)和所述枢轴销毂(10)，且其中所述第二内部芯界定所述转向节的所述指形腔(14)。

Description

由枢轴销与肾形芯和经隔离指形芯形成的转向节
相关申请案
本申请案主张2008年5月23日申请的第61/055,459号和2008年5月23日申请的第61/055,805号美国临时申请案的优先权，所述美国临时申请案的揭示内容以全文引用的方式并入本文。
技术领域
本发明实施例大体上涉及铁路耦合器的领域，且更具体来说涉及铁道耦合器转向节的制造。
背景技术
轨道车厢耦合器安置于铁道车厢的每一末端处以实现将此铁道车厢的一端接合到另一铁道车厢的邻近安置的末端。这些耦合器中的每一者的可啮合部分在铁道技术领域中称为转向节(knuckle)。
通常，转向节制造有三个芯，通常称为转向节的前部部分中的指形芯、转向节的中心的枢轴销芯，以及转向节的后部处的肾形芯。指形芯和肾形芯减少了转向节的重量。然而转向节仍可重达约80磅，且在更换期间必须从机车携载列车长度的至少一部分。此距离的长度可在从25个直到100个或100个以上轨道车厢的范围内。
耦合器转向节大体上是使用模具和所述三个芯而由铸钢制造的。在铸造工艺本身期间，模具与安置于模具内的三个芯的相互关系对于制造令人满意的铁道货运车厢耦合器转向节来说是关键的。许多转向节由于在整个转向节上的金属的内部和/或外部不一致性而发生故障。如果在铸造工艺期间一个或一个以上芯移动，那么一些转向节壁可能变得比其它壁薄，从而导致在转向节使用期间的偏移加载和增加的故障风险。
此外，多个薄肋部已定位于与转向节前部处的指形腔相关联的前面区段内。这些多个薄肋部已知是如此设计的耦合转向节的过早故障的来源。
发明内容
在第一实施例中，一种用于制造轨道车厢耦合器转向节的方法包含：提供上模具部分和下模具部分，所述上模具部分和下模具部分具有至少部分界定耦合器转向节模具腔的周边边界的内部壁，其中所述模具腔包含指形区段；将至少一个内部芯定位于所述上模具部分或所述下模具部分内，所述至少一个内部芯经配置以在耦合器转向节内界定肾形腔和枢轴销腔；在单个芯来在所述上模具部分与下模具部分之间的情况下闭合所述上模具部分和下模具部分；以及以熔融合金至少部分填充所述模具腔，所述熔融合金在填充之后固化以形成所述耦合器转向节，其中所述至少一个芯界定所述肾形腔和枢轴销腔，且所述模具腔的所述指形区段界定所述耦合器转向节的至少一个指形腔。
在第二实施例中，本发明包括一种铁路耦合器转向节，其在所述转向节的穿过其枢轴销毂的水平中心线处具有单个实心肋部，其中所述单个实心肋部大体上从所述转向节的指形腔的旗孔延伸到所述转向节的与所述旗孔相对的侧。
在第三实施例中，本发明包括一种轨道车厢耦合器转向节，其具有：尾部区段、毂区段和鼻部区段，所述尾部、毂和鼻部区段界定包括(i)界定枢轴销毂和肾形腔的组合空穴和(ii)经隔离指形腔的内部腔；所述组合空穴是在所述耦合器转向节的制造期间使用第一内部芯形成；且所述经隔离指形腔是在所述耦合器转向节的制造期间使用第二内部芯形成，使得熔融物允许大体上分离所述组合空穴与所述经隔离指形腔。
附图说明
参考附图和描述可更好地理解系统。图中的组件不一定按比例绘制，而是重点在于说明本发明的原理。而且在图中，相同参考标号在全部不同的图中指定对应的部分。
图1是转向节芯的俯视图，其中指形芯与枢轴销和肾形芯隔离。
图2是图1的转向节芯的仰视图。
图3和4是用以形成图5和6的转向节的两个芯在对模具进行倾倒之前的空间关系的透视图。
图5是在使用图1到4的转向节芯的模制之后转向节的俯视图。
图6是在使用图1到4的转向节芯的模制之后转向节的仰视图。
图7是转向节的俯视图，其指示沿着穿过图5到6的转向节的指形腔的线A-A和B-B的横截面图，且展示指形芯支撑孔的尺寸。
图8是图7的侧视图，其指示沿着线E-E的横截面图。
图9是沿着图8的转向节的线E-E的截面图，其展示沿着转向节的穿过枢轴销区段毂的水平中心线定位的连续实心无中断的厚肋部的尺寸。
图10是沿着图7的线A-A的横截面图，其指示沿着转向节的穿过枢轴销区段毂的水平中心线定位的连续实心无中断的厚肋部的厚度。
图11是沿着图7的转向节的线B-B的正视横截面图。
图12是两个相对转向节的俯视图，其指示转向节的牵拉凸耳上的所得力，且指示沿穿过转向节中的一者的长度的线D-D的横截面图。
图13是沿着图12的线D-D的横截面图，其指示来自转向节的一侧的所得力。
图14是根据图5到6的转向节的至少一个实施例的耦合器转向节制造组合件的示意性说明。
图15是说明用于制造图5到6的轨道车厢耦合器转向节的方法的流程图。
具体实施方式
在一些情况下，未详细展示或描述众所周知的结构、材料或操作。此外，所描述的特征、结构或特性在一个或一个以上实施例中可以任一合适方式组合。还将容易了解，本文在图中大体上描述和说明的实施例的组件可在各种各样不同配置中布置和设计。
参见图1到4，铁路耦合器转向节的本发明实施例将枢轴销芯10与肾形芯12组合为第一芯。第二芯是经隔离指形芯14，最佳参见图3，其为具有较大芯占据面积的独特形状。放大的芯占据面积改善了在模制工艺期间指形芯14在上模具部分和下模具部分(图14)内的稳定。因此，改善的稳定帮助防止模制工艺期间的移动，进而帮助确保既定的壁厚度，其改善了耦合器转向节的强度和疲劳寿命。
图5和6分别是在使用图1到4的转向节芯10、12、14的模制之后耦合器转向节16的俯视图和仰视图。耦合器转向节16包含尾部区段20、毂区段22和前面区段24。毂区段22包含形成于其中的枢轴销孔30，用于接纳枢轴销以将转向节16枢轴地耦合到用于耦合到轨道车厢的耦合器。枢轴销孔30是由第一芯(10、12)的至少一部分形成。枢轴销孔30大体上为圆柱形的。转向节16还在前面区段中包含在模制期间以经隔离指形芯14产生的指形腔40。耦合器转向节16还包含顶部牵拉凸耳46和底部牵拉凸耳46a，用以在附接到列车时牵拉转向节16。
前面区段24包含鼻部区段52，其包含形成于鼻部区段52的末端区中的大体上圆柱形旗孔54开口。牵拉面部分58从鼻部区段52向内安置，其至少一部分抵靠在邻近轨道车厢的耦合器转向节的类似表面上以将轨道车厢耦合在一起，如图12中所示。
图7是转向节16的俯视图，其指示沿着穿过图5到6的转向节的指形腔40的线A-A和B-B的横截面图，且展示指形芯支撑孔的尺寸。在一个实施例中，指形腔40的横截面的深度D和长度L分别近似为1.6″和4.3″，如图7所示。如铁路耦合器的领域的技术人员将明了，也可使用替代尺寸。图8是图7的侧视图，其指示沿着线E-E的横截面图。
如图9到11所示，指形芯14经设计以在指形腔40内产生单个连续的实心无中断厚肋部60，其沿着转向节16的穿过枢轴销毂区段22的水平中心线64定位。一对侧鳍(或壁)66附接到厚肋部60且沿着前面区段24延伸。单个厚肋部60代替了现有技术转向节的多个薄肋部，因此有助于防止由于多个薄肋部的破裂而引起的过早转向节故障。如图11中最佳所见，单个厚肋部60可从旗孔54延伸到转向节16的另一侧，其中单个厚肋部60可与枢轴销毂22连接。如图9到11所示，单个厚肋部60在一个实施例中可具有约3.6″的长度LRIB、约1.9″的深度和约1.5″的厚度TRIB。如铁路耦合器的领域的技术人员将明了，也可使用替代尺寸。
如图12到13所示，当两个相对的耦合器组合件(包含上文描述的转向节16)由牵拉凸耳46和46a在相对方向上牵拉时，箭头100指示转向节16上的所得力。如本文实施例中设计和展示的上模具和下模具相对于转向节的中心线64产生牵引角度。因此，当两个转向节耦合在一起时，列车线力集中于转向节的中心线。图13说明中心线负载如何有效地通过单个厚肋部60传送到耦合器转向节16的牵拉凸耳46和46a。
图14是根据图1到6的转向节的至少一个实施例的耦合器转向节制造组合件200的示意性说明。转向节制造组合件200包含上模具区段210、耦合器转向节的上部区段220、在制造工艺中使用的组合的枢轴销与肾形芯10、12以及经隔离指形芯14、耦合器转向节的下部区段240，以及下模具区段250。
上模具区段210和下模具区段250分别包含模具腔212和252，熔融合金被倾倒入所述模具腔以铸造耦合器转向节。模具腔212和252经配置以对应于将使用上模具区段210和下模具区段250制造的耦合器转向节的所需外部表面。组合(第一内部)枢轴销与肾形芯10、12借助上模具或下模具定位以例如与指形芯14或第二内部芯隔离且不接触。结果是在模制工艺之后，熔融合金大体上分离指形腔40与枢轴销毂区段22。
图15是说明根据特定实施例的用于制造轨道车厢耦合器转向节的方法的流程图。方法在步骤300处开始，其中提供上模具部分和下模具部分。上模具部分和下模具部分可各自包含使用图案或以其它方式由砂形成的内部壁，其至少部分界定耦合器转向节模具腔的周边边界。模具腔对应于将使用上模具部分和下模具部分铸造的耦合器转向节的所需形状和配置。
在步骤310处，将组合的枢轴销与肾形芯(第一内部芯)定位于上模具部分或下模具部分内。第一内部芯经配置以在耦合器转向节内界定肾形腔和枢轴销毂。举例来说，可使用单个芯，其包含分别形成枢轴销毂和肾形腔的枢轴销部分和肾形部分，但作为转向节16中的单个空穴。
在步骤320处，将经隔离指形芯(第二内部芯)定位于上模具部分或下模具部分内以界定指形腔。在步骤330处，使用任一合适机器在所述一个或两个内部芯位于上模具部分与下模具部分之间的情况下闭合上模具部分和下模具部分。在步骤340处，使用任一合适机器用熔融合金来至少部分填充包含所述一个或两个内部芯的模具腔，所述熔融合金固化以形成耦合器转向节。
图15中说明的步骤中的一些可在适当情况下经组合、修改或删除，且也可将额外步骤添加到流程图。另外，在不脱离本文描述的实施例的精神和范围的情况下可以任一合适次序执行步骤。
本文使用的术语和描述是仅借助于说明来陈述而不是有意作为限制。所属领域的技术人员将认识到，在不脱离所揭示实施例的基本原理的情况下可对上述实施例的细节做出许多变化。举例来说，除非经指定，否则方法的步骤无需以某一次序执行，尽管本揭示内容中可能已用所述次序来呈现。因此本发明的范围应仅由所附权利要求书(及其均等物)确定，其中所有术语应在其最广泛的合理意义上来理解，除非另外指示。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于制造轨道车厢耦合器转向节的方法，其包括：
提供上模具部分和下模具部分，所述上模具部分和下模具部分具有至少部分界定耦合器转向节模具腔的周边边界的内部壁；
将第一内部芯定位于所述上模具部分或所述下模具部分内，所述第一内部芯经配置以在所述耦合器转向节内界定肾形腔和枢轴销毂作为单个空穴；
将第二内部芯定位于所述上模具部分或所述下模具部分内，所述第二内部芯经配置以界定指形腔；
在所述两个内部芯位于所述上模具部分与下模具部分之间的情况下闭合所述上模具部分和下模具部分；以及
以熔融合金至少部分填充所述模具腔，所述熔融合金在填充之后固化以形成所述耦合器转向节，其中所述第一内部芯界定所述耦合器转向节的所述肾形腔和所述枢轴销毂，且其中所述第二内部芯界定所述耦合器转向节的所述指形腔。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第一内部芯在定位于所述耦合器转向节内时与所述第二内部芯隔离，使得所述熔融合金大体上分离所述第一内部芯与第二内部芯。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述第二内部芯还在所述转向节的穿过所述枢轴销毂的水平中心线处产生单个厚肋部，其中所述单个厚肋部从所述指形腔的旗孔延伸到所述转向节的与所述旗孔相对的侧。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中所述单个厚肋部包括约1.5″厚、约1.9″深和约3.6″长的尺寸。
5.一种用于制造具有增加强度或疲劳寿命的轨道车厢耦合器转向节的方法，其包括利用在所述转向节的穿过其枢轴销毂的水平中心线处产生单个厚肋部的芯，其中所述单个厚肋部从指形腔的旗孔延伸到所述转向节的与所述旗孔相对的侧。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法，其中所述单个厚肋部包括约1.5″厚、约1.9″深和约3.6″长的尺寸。
7.一种铁路耦合器转向节，其在所述转向节的穿过其枢轴销毂的水平中心线处具有单个实心肋部，其中所述单个实心肋部大体上从所述转向节的指形腔的旗孔延伸到所述转向节的与所述旗孔相对的侧。
8.根据权利要求7所述的铁路耦合器转向节，其中所述单个实心肋部包括约1.5″厚、约1.9″深和约3.6″长的尺寸。
9.一种轨道车厢耦合器转向节，其包括：
尾部区段、毂区段和鼻部区段；
所述尾部、毂和鼻部区段界定包括(i)界定枢轴销毂和肾形腔的组合空穴和(ii)经隔离指形腔的内部腔；
所述组合空穴是在所述耦合器转向节的制造期间使用第一内部芯形成的；且
所述经隔离指形腔是在所述耦合器转向节的制造期间使用第二内部芯形成的，使得熔融合金大体上分离所述组合空穴与所述经隔离指形腔。
10.根据权利要求9所述的轨道车厢耦合器转向节，其中所述第二内部芯包括大的指形芯占据面积。
11.根据权利要求9所述的轨道车厢耦合器转向节，其中所述第一内部芯包括组合枢轴销与肾形芯。
12.根据权利要求9所述的轨道车厢耦合器转向节，其进一步包括：
在所述转向节的穿过所述枢轴销毂的水平中心线处由所述第二内部芯形成的单个厚肋部，其中所述单个厚肋部从所述转向节的所述经隔离指形腔的旗孔延伸到所述转向节的与所述旗孔相对的侧。
13.根据权利要求12所述的轨道车厢耦合器转向节，其中所述单个厚肋部包括约1.5″厚、约1.9″深和约3.6″长的尺寸。
14.根据权利要求12所述的轨道车厢耦合器转向节，其中所述单个厚肋部也是实心的、连续的且无中断。
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US8646631B2 (en) 2014-02-11
US20120228256A1 (en) 2012-09-13
US20090289023A1 (en) 2009-11-26
CA2725123C (en) 2014-04-08
BRPI0912976A2 (pt) 2017-05-23
MX2010012722A (es) 2011-05-30
WO2009142750A1 (en) 2009-11-26
CN102083671B (zh) 2016-03-23
US8201613B2 (en) 2012-06-19
CA2725123A1 (en) 2009-11-26

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