CN102083664A - 用于运行带有混合动力驱动装置的汽车的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于运行带有混合动力驱动装置的汽车的方法和装置 Download PDF

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CN102083664A
CN102083664A CN2009801241303A CN200980124130A CN102083664A CN 102083664 A CN102083664 A CN 102083664A CN 2009801241303 A CN2009801241303 A CN 2009801241303A CN 200980124130 A CN200980124130 A CN 200980124130A CN 102083664 A CN102083664 A CN 102083664A
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engine installation
torque
automobile
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CN102083664B (zh
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P·克哈特奇基安
M·赫尔曼恩
F·雷伯
M·克莱门科
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
    • B60K6/48—Parallel type
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/24—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means
    • B60W10/26—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of energy storage means for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/50—Control strategies for responding to system failures, e.g. for fault diagnosis, failsafe operation or limp mode
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
    • B60L2240/42—Drive Train control parameters related to electric machines
    • B60L2240/423—Torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60W2510/00—Input parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2510/02—Clutches
    • B60W2510/0275—Clutch torque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W2710/00—Output or target parameters relating to a particular sub-units
    • B60W2710/08—Electric propulsion units
    • B60W2710/083—Torque
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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Abstract

本发明涉及到一种运行具有混合动力驱动装置的汽车的方法及装置。其中，第一动力装置(1)和第二动力装置(2)共同或单独驱动汽车。第一动力装置(1)驱动第二动力装置(2)工作产生电能以对能量存储器(12)充电。第一(1)和第二动力装置(2)可以通过传动链部件(8)分离。此传动链部件(8)传递第一动力装置(1)的转矩。利用方法，当此传动链部件(8)出现故障时，用于给能量存储器(12)充电的转矩部分将被减少至最低转矩，而在传动链部件(8)有缺陷时，减小的力矩仍大于此最低转矩的转矩剩余将被用于汽车的继续运动。

Description

用于运行带有混合动力驱动装置的汽车的方法和装置
现有技术
本发明涉及到一种运行具有混合动力驱动装置的汽车的方法。其中，第一动力装置和第二动力装置共同或单独驱动汽车。第一动力装置驱动第二动力装置工作产生电能以对能量存储器充电。第一和第二动力装置可以通过一个传动链部件分离。此传动链部件传递第一动力装置的转矩。此外，本发明还涉及一种实现此方法的装置。
具有混合动力驱动装置的汽车迅猛发展，其中使用不同驱动装置完成驱动任务。在混合驱动装置中的单个马达可以不同方式协同工作。它们同时工作或者它使仅一个驱动单元作用于要运动的汽车。
在所谓的并联式混合时，内燃机的传动轴上装有一套电动驱动装置。通过一个分离离合器使电动驱动装置与内燃机分离，可以实现纯电动驱动。当分离离合器，或者说，分离离合器的液压触发装置出现故障时，所能传递的最大转矩会明显小于正常情况下的最大转矩。其中，内燃机输出的转矩不仅用于驱动汽车，还用于电动机以发电状态运行，其为能量存储器进行充电。
当分离离合器出现故障时，能量存储器会照常充电，这会导致无法提供额外的转矩驱动汽车。这意味着，汽车在这种情况下不能行驶。
众所周知，在一辆混合动力汽车上，当其中一套动力装置无法使用，而必须依赖剩下的一套运转正常的动力装置的时候，它能继续行驶的距离就已经确定。
发明内容
本发明的优点在于，当分离离合器出现故障时，允许汽车继续运动，因为将用于给能量存储器充电的转矩部分减少至最低转矩，而在传动链部件有缺陷时减小的力矩仍大于此最低转矩的转矩剩余将被用于汽车的继续运动。
通过这种方法即使在分离离合器出现故障，其限制传递的转矩，驾驶员仍可使汽车再行驶一段距离，这允许他例如离开可能存在危险的区域，或是寻找最近的修理厂。
为了还提供用于汽车驱动的转矩部分，能量存储器的充电将会被限制在最小。此最低转矩被调整，从而其对应用于当前的汽车的由能量存储器提供能量的所有电气系统的功率需求。由此，虽然对能量存储器没有继续充电，但是也可靠地避免了它进一步放电。从而，使能量存储器的电荷状态保持一定，并有足够的功率使内燃机形式的第一动力装置重新启动。
在本发明的设计方案中，调节最低转矩使其对应汽车的由能量存储器提供能量的运行重要的系统的当前功率需求，由此使汽车能够运转正常地继续行驶。这些必需的系统包括例如电动助力的加速、制动及转向系统和信号指示系统。
有利的是，通过关闭至少一个由能量存储器供能的电气系统可以减小最低转矩。这种有目的的关闭特别涉及一些汽车中的舒适性的系统，例如车窗电加热器、电空调系统和座椅电加热器等。通过这种方法就有更多的转矩和功率用于驱动汽车前进。
为了在有限的时间里能提供给汽车更高的转矩，能量存储器可被放电到事先设定的值。这样传动链就能被提供更高的转矩使汽车离开危险区域。
另外一种准确计算最低转矩的方案是，通过将分离离合器减小的但仍能传递的转矩以一定部分分配给第一和第二动力装置。这样就保证有足够的转矩用于驱动汽车。
在本发明的另一改进中一个装置为运行带有混合动力驱动装置的汽车且有机构，其中，第一动力装置和第二动力装置共同或单独驱动汽车。第一动力装置驱动第二动力装置工作产生电能以对能量存储器充电。第一和第二动力装置可以通过一个传动链部件分离。此传动链部件传递第一动力装置的转矩。所述机构使用于给能量存储器充电的转矩部分减少至最低转矩，而在传动链部件有缺陷时，使减小的力矩的仍大于此最低转矩的转矩剩余被用于汽车的继续运动。利用此装置，可以使汽车仍能暂时继续行驶离开危险区域或到达最近的修理厂。
本发明可以有很多种结构形式。其中的一种形式将利用图示进一步阐述。
图1：并联式混合动力驱动装置的原理展示
图2：本发明所涉及方法的一种实施例
图一展示了并联式混合动力驱动装置，其中内燃机1作为第一驱动力单元，电动机2作为第二驱动力单元。电动机2安装在内燃机1的驱动轴3上。变速箱4与传动轴3相连，又通过差速器5和轮轴6驱动车轮7。内燃机1和电动机2可以通过一个布置在驱动轴3上的分离离合器8分离。
电动机2具有一个自己的电动机控制器9。此电动机控制器9与混合动力汽车内的CAN总线10相连。所有控制器都可以通过CAN总线10互相通讯。这些控制器对汽车的混合动力汽车特殊的行驶运行具有影响。其包括有能量存储器12的能量存储器管理系统11、AC压缩机(交流变频压缩机)13以及其他没有示出的控制变速器的控制器。此外一个离合器电设备14也与混合动力汽车CAN总线10相连。
汽车控制器15通过混合动力汽车CAN总线10与连接在其上的控制器实现通信，特别是与电动机控制器9和能量存储器管理系统11。此外不同的控制器通过CAN总线16与汽车控制器相连。图中只示出了其中的空调控制器17和电制动器的控制器18。
同样内燃机1的马达控制器19也通过混合动力汽车CAN总线10与汽车控制器15相连。
在汽车控制器15中对混合动力汽车的前驱转矩进行控制。为了达到这个目的，汽车控制器15第分析离合器电设备14所提供的数据。其中，用于前驱的转矩，既可从内燃机1也可从电动机2获取。汽车控制器15作为一个协调单元工作并调节内燃机1和电动机2的输出转矩的值。
能量存储器管理系统11将能量存储器12的相应的当前充电状态报告给汽车控制器15。当电动机2作为发电机工作时，能量存储器12将会被充电。即内燃机1机械地推动产生电能的电动机2，电能储存在能量存储器12内。利用这存储的能量一方面给混合动力汽车上的控制器15、17、18供电，另一方面该能量驱汽车时用于驱动电动机2，当其为前驱汽车作贡献时。
在这种情况，在图2中看到，分离离合器8出现了故障，不能将内燃机输出的最大转矩传递给驱动轴3。在这种情况下，必须保证汽车应能行驶，以离开危险区域或至少到达最近的修理厂。
在方框100中，汽车控制器15确定分离离合器14出现故障，并仅能通过分离离合器14输出一个已经变小的转矩给驱动轴3用于驱动汽车前进。接着汽车控制器15检查能量存储器12的充电状态(方框101)。当能量存储器的充电状态高于一个给定值时，在方框102中确定一个最低转矩，这个转矩从由分离离合器传递的已经变小的转矩中获得，用于为汽车的控制器15、17、18可靠地提供能量。当能量存储器的充电状态低于一个给定值时，在方框103中进一步减小最低转矩，从而只是为汽车安全行驶所必须的控制器继续运行，如电制动器控制器18。而仅保证汽车舒适功能的控制器被关闭，如空调控制器17。
在方框104中，汽车控制器15检查减小的转矩的超过最低转矩后，剩余的转矩部分是否足够驱动汽车继续行驶。如果不是，则在方框105中能量存储器12将会放电直至达到某个设定的值，以增大剩余转矩部分贡献，由此使汽车能够驶到最近的修理厂。
如果减小的转矩足够继续行驶，由方框104直接进入方框106。而在方框106中汽车的行驶运行被探测。
本发明方法不仅适用于并联式混合动力汽车，还适用于所有具有在内燃机和传动链之间的离合器的混合动力汽车方案。

Claims (8)

1.用于运行具有混合动力驱动装置的汽车的方法，在该方法下第一动力装置(1)和第二动力装置(2)共同或单独用于驱动汽车，其中，第一动力装置(1)推动第二动力装置(2)发电机式工作以给能量存储器(12)充电，第一动力装置(1)和第二动力装置(2)可以通过传动链部件(8)分离，此传动链部件(8)传递第一动力装置(1)的转矩，其特征在于：用于给能量存储器(12)充电的转矩部分将被减少至最低转矩，而在传动链部件(8)有缺陷时减小的力矩的大于此最低转矩的转矩剩余被用于汽车的继续运动。
2.根据权利要求1的方法，其特征在于：调节最低转矩根据，从而其对应汽车的由能量存储器(12)提供能量的电系统(15、17、18)的实时功率需求。
3.根据权利要求2的方法，其特征在于：调节最低转矩根据，从而其对应汽车的由能量存储器(12)提供能量的对运行重要的系统(18)的实时功率需求。
4.根据权利要求2的方法，其特征在于：通过关闭至少一个由能量存储器(12)提供能量的电系统(17)可以减小最低转矩。
5.根据前述某一项权利要求的方法，其特征在于：从能量存储器(12)中得到能量用于驱动汽车，从而能量存储器(12)放电直至达到设定的值。
6.运行具有混合动力驱动装置的汽车的装置，其中第一动力装置(1)和第二动力装置(2)可以同时或单独驱动汽车，第一动力装置(1)驱动第二动力装置(2)发电机式工作以对能量存储器(12)充电，第一动力装置(1)和第二动力装置(2)可以通过传递第一动力装置的力矩的传动链部件(8)分离，其特征在于：存在一种机构(15)，其将用于给能量存储器(12)充电的转矩部分减少至最低转矩，并利用当传动链部件(8)出现故障时减少的力矩的大于此最低转矩的转矩剩余，驱动汽车继续行驶。
7.根据权利要求6的装置，其特征在于：内燃机作为第一动力装置(1)，电动机作为第二动力装置(2)。
8.根据权利要求6的装置，其特征在于：传动链部件(8)是分离离合器，用于使第一动力装置(1)和第二动力装置(2)分离。
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