CN102056931A - 氯吡格雷及其衍生物的制备方法 - Google Patents
氯吡格雷及其衍生物的制备方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102056931A CN102056931A CN2009801215031A CN200980121503A CN102056931A CN 102056931 A CN102056931 A CN 102056931A CN 2009801215031 A CN2009801215031 A CN 2009801215031A CN 200980121503 A CN200980121503 A CN 200980121503A CN 102056931 A CN102056931 A CN 102056931A
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- chemical formula
- replacement
- clopidogrel
- chloro
- phenyl
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
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- C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种制备氯吡格雷及其衍生物的方法,更详细的涉及由外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯通过利用酶的水解反应来制备旋光物(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯,并将其作为中间体使用而制备具有血小板凝集抑制活性的(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物的方法。根据本发明,根据本发明的氯吡格雷及其衍生物制备方法的制备工序简单,无需使用手性拆分剂而仅使用少量的酶,所以能够节约生产成本,并且,通过将以高光学纯度得到的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯作为中间体使用,不仅适用于具有高光学纯度的氯吡格雷及其衍生物的大量生产,而且由于在制备工序中不使用毒性大的物质,所以对环境保护也有贡献。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种制备氯吡格雷及其衍生物的方法,更详细的涉及由外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯通过利用酶的水解反应制备旋光物(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯,并将其作为中间体使用而制备具有血小板凝集抑制活性的(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物的方法。
背景技术
氯吡格雷(clopidogrel)是在化学式1中R1为甲基的化合物,其化学名为甲基-(S)-α-(邻氯苯基)-6,7-二氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶-5(4H)-乙酸酯,表现出很强的血小板凝集抑制活性(platelet aggregation inhibitory activity)和抗血栓活性(anti-thrombotic activity),是用于脑卒中、血栓、栓塞等末梢动脉性疾病和心肌梗塞、心绞痛等冠状动脉性疾病的治疗的血管系疾病治疗剂。
化学式1
氯吡格雷是制备2-氯或2-溴形态的甲基-2-(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯后,与4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶进行反应而制备成外消旋形态(美国专利4,529,596,美国专利5,036,156以及美国专利5,189,170)。但是氯吡格雷只有右旋性旋光物(S)-光学异构体才能作为治疗剂来使用,所以正在研究制备实质性地不含有左旋性的(R)-镜像异构体的光学上纯的氯吡格雷。
在这样的研究中,作为代表性的例子,美国专利4,847,265通过以下工序制备出(S)-氯吡格雷:合成外消旋氯吡格雷后,用作为手性拆分剂的樟脑磺酸仅使(S)-氯吡格雷选择性地形成部分立体异构体盐后,通过重结晶获得不含有(R)-光学异构体的盐形态,用NaHCO3等弱碱除去手性拆分剂。
美国专利5,204,469通过以下方法制备出(S)-氯吡格雷:用作为手性拆分剂的樟脑磺酸或酒石酸使2-氯苯基甘氨酸或2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯形成部分立体异构体盐并重结晶而得到后,与2-噻吩基乙基对甲苯磺酸酯反应来制备由下述化学式(2)表示的化合物后,使其与甲醛进行环化(cyclization)反应来制备(S)-氯吡格雷;或者与现有工序相同,制备2-氯或2-溴形态的甲基-2-(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯后,与2-噻吩基乙基对甲苯磺酸酯反应制备外消旋形态的由化学式(2)表示的化合物后,用樟脑磺酸或酒石酸使其形成部分立体异构体盐并重结晶而得到后,除去手性拆分剂,得到(S)-光学异构体(2),与上述方法相同,使其与甲醛进行环化反应来制备(S)-氯吡格雷。
美国专利6,080,875中,将2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯用2,4-二硝基苯甲酰苯基甘氨酸进行手性拆分后,用NaHCO3水溶液除去手性拆分剂,与2-噻吩基缩水甘油酸钠反应来制备用化学式2表示的化合物。
化学式2
与此类似地,在WO98/51689中也使2-氯苯甲醛与氰化钠反应后,用2-噻吩基乙胺制备由化学式3表示的乙腈化合物,用樟脑磺酸进行手性拆分,或者转化为由化学式4表示的乙酰胺后,用酒石酸进行手性拆分,转化为由化学式2表示的甲酯化合物后,用甲醛进行环化来制备(S)-氯吡格雷。
化学式3
化学式4
另一方面,在韩国公开专利2007-0068043中,制备由化学式5表示的氯吡格雷外消旋羧酸后,利用辛可宁转化成部分立体异构体盐后,在酸条件下,用适当的溶剂萃取,手性拆分(S)-氯吡格雷羧酸,并与甲醇反应而制备(S)-氯吡格雷;在韩国公开专利2006-0134541中,将由化学式5表示的氯吡格雷外消旋羧酸用昂贵的作为手性拆分剂的(1R,2R)-(-)-2-氨基-1-苯基-1,3-丙二醇等旋光胺衍生物手性拆分成(S)-氯吡格雷羧酸后,与甲醇反应来制备(S)-氯吡格雷。
化学式5
但是,上述方法都存在对于与氯吡格雷相应的外消旋体或其中间体使用昂贵的手性拆分剂来进行手性拆分,并且手性拆分达到数日的问题,手性拆分初期得到的部分立体异构体盐的光学纯度不充分,所以为了得到在制药上要求的足够的光学纯度还要进一步精制,因此,导致其收率的降低。不仅如此,存在如下问题:当用于手性拆分的是樟脑磺酸的情况,由于具有易溶于水的性质,所以难以将其从反应溶液中回收,而不得不废弃;而辛可宁的情况,则毒性非常强而不利于环境。而且,上述公开方法中,使用昂贵的2-噻吩基乙胺、2-噻吩基乙醇或2-噻吩基乙基溴化物等试剂进行合成后,需要废弃相反形态的(R)-镜像异构体,因此,可以说不仅在经济上,而且在环境上也非常不利。
并且,韩国公开专利2006-0098009中也如上所述,使得用酒石酸手性拆分的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯与2-噻吩基乙酸酯反应而制备由化学式6表示的(S)-甲基-2-(2-噻吩基乙酰胺)-2-(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯后,将酰胺功能基团还原来制备由化学式2表示的化合物,用甲醛进行环化而制备(S)-氯吡格雷,在手性拆分时仍存在上述问题,另外,还存在使酰胺功能基团还原时,甲酯也被还原而使收率急剧下降的问题。
化学式6
为了改善这些问题,使(R)-甲基-2-氯扁桃酸酯砜衍生物和2-噻吩基乙胺反应形成上述化学式2的中间体后,用甲醛进行环化反应或利用4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶制备由化学式1表示的(S)-氯吡格雷(WO99/18110);使N,N’-双-4,5,6,7-四氢噻吩并[3,2-c]吡啶基甲烷与(R)-甲基-2-溴-2-(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯或(R)-2-氯苯基乙酸酯砜衍生物进行反应来制备(S)-氯吡格雷(WO 03/093276),但是,由于根据作为离去基团的磺酸衍生物或卤素以及反应条件被外消旋化而导致光学纯度降低的可能性大,所以有在大量生产的工序中不利的缺点。
另外,美国专利6,858,734中,使2-氯苯甲醛与2-噻吩基乙胺反应来制备如化学式7所示的化合物后,使用斯特雷克催化剂进行非对称合成来制备由化学式8表示的(S)-形态的化合物后,用甲醛实施环化,将腈转化为甲酯来制备(S)-氯吡格雷,但是存在非对称合成时需要使用毒性大的氰酸,并且反应后光学纯度只有85%左右的问题。
化学式7
化学式8
对此,本发明的发明人为了改善上述现有技术所存在的问题而进行深入研究的结果,确定了在水溶液或者含有溶剂的水溶液中,由外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯通过利用酶的水解反应制备旋光物(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物后,将制备的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物作为中间体来使用,则可以容易地制备具有血小板凝集抑制活性的(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物,从而完成了本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种以简单的制备工序和低廉的费用来制备光学纯度高的(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物的方法。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供一种制备(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物或其盐的方法,所述(S)-氯吡格雷由化学式1表示,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)将由化学式9表示的外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物用酶进行水解反应来制备由化学式10表示的旋光化合物的步骤;(b)使所述制备的由化学式10表示的旋光化合物与由化学式11表示的化合物反应来制备由化学式12表示的化合物的步骤;以及,(c)在酸存在下,使所述制备的由化学式12表示的化合物与甲酰剂(formylating agent)进行环化(cyclization)反应的步骤;
化学式1
化学式9
化学式10
化学式11
化学式12
在所述化学式中,上述R1表示氢、取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烷基、取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烯基、苄基或碳原子数为3至6的环烷基,X为选自由氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)和碘(I)组成的组中的卤原子或-OSO2R2(其中,所述R2为取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烷基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的芳烷基、取代或非取代的杂芳基或取代或非取代的杂芳烷基)。
通过下面的详细说明和添加的权利要求范围更详细地说明本发明的其他特征和实施方式。
具体实施方式
本发明提供一种制备(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物或其盐的方法,所述(S)-氯吡格雷由化学式1表示,该方法包括以下步骤:(a)将由化学式9表示的外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物用酶进行水解反应来制备由化学式10表示的旋光化合物的步骤;(b)使所述制备的由化学式10表示的旋光化合物与由化学式11表示的化合物反应来制备由化学式12表示的化合物的步骤;以及,(c)在酸存在下,使所述制备的由化学式12表示的化合物与甲酰剂(formylating agent)进行环化(cyclization)反应的步骤;
化学式1
化学式9
化学式10
化学式11
化学式12
在所述化学式中,上述R1表示氢、取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烷基、取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烯基、苄基或碳原子数为3至6的环烷基,X为选自由氟(F)、氯(Cl)、溴(Br)和碘(I)组成的组中的卤原子或-OSO2R2(其中,所述R2为取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烷基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的芳烷基、取代或非取代的杂芳基或取代或非取代的杂芳烷基)。
这样的根据本发明的由化学式1表示的氯吡格雷及其衍生物或其盐可以通过由下述反应式1表示的方法制备。
反应式1
在上述反应式1中,上述R1和X如上所述。
如上述反应式1所示,在水溶液或者含有溶剂的水溶液中,对于由化学式9表示的外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物,利用具有水解能力的酶通过水解反应制备旋光物(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物(化学式10)后,将制备的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物(化学式10)作为中间体来使用,与由化学式11表示的化合物反应来制备由化学式12制备的化合物,将其通过环化反应就可以制备具有血小板凝集抑制活性的(S)-氯吡格雷及其盐或其衍生物(化学式1)。
具体的,根据本发明的由化学式1表示的(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物或其盐能够以低廉的价格确保商业性,或者以低廉的费用将容易制备的由化学式9表示的2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物作为起始物质来使用。2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物在水溶液或含有溶剂的水溶液中能够使用水解酶或含有水解酶的菌株以立体选择性水解反应来制备由化学式10表示的旋光物(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯或(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸。
根据本发明的水解反应的特征是在pH4~10和温度10~70℃条件下进行,脱离上述pH和温度范围的情况下,可能会引起酶的不稳定化或发生副反应。
在本发明中,其特征是作为上述酶利用蛋白酶(protease)或脂肪酶(lipase)等水解酶,上述水解酶可以使用风味蛋白酶(flavourzyme)、蛋白酶A(proteaseA)、碱性蛋白酶(alcalase)、赛威蛋白酶(savinase)、复合蛋白酶(protamex)、益瑞蛋白酶(esperase)、诺维信脂肪酶435(novozyme435,诺维信公司)、酯酶(esterlase)、酰基转移酶(acylase)以及它们的混合物等,但是不局限于此。并且,作为上述酶源还可以使用含有上述水解酶的微生物。作为这样的菌株可以举出芽孢杆菌属菌株(Bacillus sp)、米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)、黑曲霉(Aspergillusniger)、南极假丝酵母(Candida antarctica)及其混合物等,只要是含有水解酶的菌株或微生物可以没有限制地使用。
在根据本发明的立体选择性的水解反应后,利用选自乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、乙醚、异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯以及它们的混合物组成的组中的溶剂来萃取高光学纯度的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯和(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸,可以容易地从(R)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯和(R)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸中进行分离。
通过如上所述的方法得到的高光学纯度的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯和(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸与反应式1的化学式(11)表示的2-噻吩基乙基砜衍生物或2-噻吩基乙基卤素衍生物等化合物进行反应,制备由化学式12表示的化合物后,将化学式12所示的化合物通过公知的方法在酸存在下使用甲酰剂(formylating agent)进行环化反应(cyclization),可以制备作为目标物质的由化学式1表示的(S)-氯吡格雷衍生物。
根据本发明,上述甲酰剂(formylating agent)可以选自由甲醛、甲醛水合物和甲醛聚合物组成的组,酸是用来制备盐,可以使用硫酸、盐酸、溴酸、磺酸、甲酸、乙酸等无机酸或有机酸。
根据本发明的(S)-氯吡格雷的盐与其固态性或稳定与否无关,表示如欧洲专利第0,281,459号或国际专利公开WO2004/074215号记载的通常的氯吡格雷的酸加成盐。为了形成这样的盐而使用的典型的无机酸包括:盐酸、溴酸、碘酸、硝酸、硫酸、磷酸、连二磷酸(hypophosphoric)等。另外,还可以使用从脂肪族单和二羧酸、苯基-取代链烷酸、羟基链烷酸、羟基链烷二酸、芳香族酸、脂肪族和芳香族磺酸等有机酸中衍生的盐。因此,这样的药学上允许使用的盐包括:乙酸盐、苯基乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、丙烯酸盐、抗坏血酸盐、苯甲酸盐、氯代苯甲酸盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、羟基苯甲酸盐、甲氧基苯甲酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、邻乙酸基苯甲酸盐、萘-2-苯甲酸盐、溴化物、异丁酸盐、苯基丁酸盐、β-羟基丁酸盐、氯化物、肉桂酸盐、柠檬酸盐、甲酸盐、延胡索酸盐、乙醇酸盐、庚酸盐、乳酸盐、马来酸盐、羟基马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、甲磺酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐、磷酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、磷酸二氢盐、偏磷酸盐、焦磷酸盐、丙酸盐、苯基丙酸盐、水杨酸盐、琥珀酸盐、硫酸盐、硫酸氢盐、焦硫酸盐、亚硫酸盐、亚硫酸氢盐、磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、对溴苯磺酸盐、氯代苯磺酸盐、乙烷磺酸盐、2-羟基乙烷磺酸盐、甲烷磺酸盐、萘-1-磺酸盐、萘-2-磺酸盐、对甲苯磺酸盐、二甲苯磺酸盐、酒石酸盐等,优选的盐为硫酸氢盐。
根据本发明的制备(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物或其盐的方法,由于通过2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯的水解反应来进行,所以反应简单,反应后容易回收,利用由2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯的水解反应得到的具有高光学纯度的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸或(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯中间体,可以制备具有高光学纯度的(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物,可以比以往的方法更经济地进行制备。
实施例
下面通过实施例对本发明进行更详细的说明。这些实施例仅用于举例说明本发明,本领域技术人员应清楚本发明的范围不被这些实施例限制。
实施例1:外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯的制备
在甲醇500ml中加入外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸100g,在-10℃缓缓滴入亚硫酰氯70ml后,升温至50℃并搅拌4小时。搅拌后,通过减压浓缩除去挥发性物质,加入二氯甲烷1L和水100ml进行稀释后,用NaOH水溶液进行中和,利用NaHCO3饱和水溶液500ml洗涤有机层。分离洗涤后的上述混合溶液的二氯甲烷层,用MgSO4除去水分后,进行减压浓缩,制备外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯(1a)104.6g(收率:97.3%)。
另一方面,至于外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸丁酯(1b),是使用丁醇来代替甲醇,并在上述条件下进行反应而制备了外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸丁酯(1b)124.0g(收率:95.2%)。对上述化合物的NMR分析如下。
“1a:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.4-7.2(m,4H),5.00(s,1H),3.72(s,3H),1.95(s,2H)
1b:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.4-7.2(m,4H),5.00(s,1H),4.13(t,2H),1.95(s,2H),1.59-1.50(m,2H),1.31-1.19(m,2H),0.84(t,3H)”
实施例2:通过水解反应制备旋光(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯
在装有0.1M磷酸缓冲溶液(potassium phosphate buffer,pH7.5)1,000ml的反应器中加入实施例1中制备的外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯(1a)200g,添加碱性蛋白酶2.5L(alcalase 2.5L)10ml(1%,v/v)后,使上述溶液在30℃、以250rpm进行反应。为了维持一定的pH,加入2N NaOH水溶液进行调节。反应24小时后,在上述溶液中加入乙酸乙酯1,000ml,萃取具有99%以上的光学纯度的旋光(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯(2a),用MgSO4除去水分后,进行减压浓缩,得到了具有光学纯度99.8%ee的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯(2a)85.6g(收率:85.6%,相对于(S)-异构体)。
另一方面,至于旋光(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸丁酯(2b),是在上述条件中代替外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯(1a)而使用外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸丁酯(1b),得到了具有光学纯度99.2%ee的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸丁酯(2b)57.2g(收率:57.2%,相对于(S)-异构体)。对上述化合物的光学纯度是利用安装有旋光冠醚形态的Chirosil RCA(+)(150×4.6mm,5μm)手性柱的液相色谱仪(沃特斯公司,型号1525)进行分析,NMR分析如下。
“1a:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.4-7.2(m,4H),5.00(s,1H),3.72(s,3H),1.95(s,2H)
1b:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.4-7.2(m,4H),5.00(s,1H),4.13(t,2H),1.95(s,2H),1.59-1.50(m,2H),1.31-1.19(m,2H),0.84(t,3H)”
实施例3:旋光(S)-烷基-α-(2-噻吩基乙氨基)(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯盐酸盐的制备
将在实施例2中制备的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯(2a)100g溶解于乙腈1,000ml中,加入碳酸氢钾60g和2-噻吩基乙基对甲苯磺酸酯156g,回流20小时。将上述混合物通过减压除去挥发性物质,用乙酸乙酯溶解后,用蒸馏水洗涤有机层。对于分离了有机层的上述混合物,在0℃下滴入浓盐酸,析出结晶,萃取所析出的结晶进行真空干燥后,得到(S)-甲基-α-(2-噻吩基乙氨基)(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯(3a)盐酸盐125.4g(收率:72.3%)。
另一方面,(S)-丁基-α-(2-噻吩基乙氨基)(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯(3b)盐酸盐是在上述条件下代替(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸甲酯(2a)使用(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸丁酯(2b),制备(S)-丁基-α-(2-噻吩基乙氨基)(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯(3b)盐酸盐88.1g(收率:54.8%)。对上述化合物的NMR分析如下。
“3a:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.40-7.32(m,2H),7.27-7.21(m,2H),7.12(d,1H),6.92(dd,1H),6.82(d,1H),4.93(s,1H),3.69(s,3H),3.03(t,2H),2.96-2.88(m,1H),2.82-2.74(m,1H),2.18(s,1H)
3b:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.37-7.33(m,2H),7.27-7.21(m,2H),7.12(d,1H),6.91(dd,1H),6.82(d,1H),4.91(s,1H),4.09(t,2H),3.03(t,2H),2.96-2.88(m,1H),2.83-2.74(m,1H),2.35(s,1H),1.57-1.48(m,2H),1.29-1.19(m,2H),0.83(t,3H)”
实施例4:旋光(S)-氯吡格雷烷基衍生物硫酸氢盐的制备
在实施例3中合成的(S)-甲基-α-(2-噻吩基乙氨基)(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯(3a)盐酸盐200g中加入35%的甲醛水溶液600ml,回流4小时后,将上述反应物用乙酸乙酯稀释后,用NaHCO3饱和水溶液洗涤,从上述反应物中分离有机层。将分离的上述有机层减压浓缩而除去溶剂后,溶于丙酮,在0℃下滴入浓硫酸,析出结晶。滤出所析出的上述结晶,进行真空干燥,得到了具有光学纯度99.5%ee的(S)-氯吡格雷(4a)硫酸氢盐产物179.7g(收率:83.9%)。
另一方面,(S)-氯吡格雷丁酯衍生物(4b)硫酸氢盐是在与上述相同的条件下,代替(S)-甲基-α-(2-噻吩基乙氨基)(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯(3a)盐酸盐使用(S)-丁基-α-(2-噻吩基乙氨基)(2-氯苯基)乙酸酯(3b)盐酸盐,制备了具有光学纯度99.0%ee的(S)-氯吡格雷丁酯衍生物(4b)143.4g(收率:67.4%)。利用安装有Ultron ES-OVM(Ovomuciod产品,150×4.6mm,5μm)柱的液相色谱仪(沃特斯公司,型号1525)分析上述化合物的光学纯度,NMR分析结果如下。
“4a:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.72(dd,1H),7.41(dd,1H),7.33-7.23(m,2H),7.06(d,1H),6.67(d,1H),4.94(s,1H),3.73(s,3H),3.80-3.62(dd,2H),2.89(s,4H)
4b:1H-NMR(CDCl3,300MHz)=7.72(dd,1H),7.40(dd,1H),7.29-7.24(m,2H),7.06(d,1H),6.67(d,1H),4.89(s,1H),4.13(t,2H),3.78-3.60(dd,2H),2.89(s,4H),1.60-1.50(m,2H),1.32-1.19(m,2H),0.86(t,3H)”
工业实用性
如上所述,根据本发明,根据本发明的氯吡格雷及其衍生物制备方法的制备工艺简单,无需使用手性拆分剂,使用少量的酶,可以节约生产成本,将以高光学纯度得到的(S)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯作为中间体使用,不仅适用于具有高光学纯度的氯吡格雷及其衍生物的大量生产,而且由于在制备工序中不使用毒性大的物质,所以对环境保护也有贡献。
以上,对本发明内容的特定部分进行了详细叙述,对于本领域技术人员来说应该清楚这样的具体技术仅是优选实施方式,本发明的保护范围不限于此。因此,本发明的实质性的范围应当由权利要求和它们的等同方式来定义。
Claims (7)
1.一种制备(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物或其盐的方法,所述(S)-氯吡格雷由化学式1表示,该方法包括以下步骤:
(a)将由化学式9表示的外消旋2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯化合物用酶进行水解反应来制备由化学式10表示的旋光化合物的步骤;
(b)使所述制备的由化学式10表示的旋光化合物与由化学式11表示的化合物反应来制备由化学式12表示的化合物的步骤;以及
(c)在酸存在下,使所述制备的由化学式12表示的化合物与甲酰剂进行环化反应来制备由化学式1表示的(S)-氯吡格雷及其衍生物或其盐的步骤,
化学式1
化学式9
化学式10
化学式11
化学式12
在所述化学式中,所述R1为氢、取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烷基、取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烯基、苄基或碳原子数为3至6的环烷基,X表示选自由氟、氯、溴和碘组成的组中的卤原子或-OSO2R2,其中,所述R2为取代或非取代的碳原子数为1至8的烷基、取代或非取代的芳基、取代或非取代的芳烷基、取代或非取代的杂芳基或者取代或非取代的杂芳烷基。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述酶为水解酶。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述甲酰剂选自由甲醛、甲醛水合物和甲醛聚合物组成的组。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述(c)步骤的酸选自由有机酸、无机酸以及它们的混合物组成的组。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述(a)步骤的水解反应是在pH4~10和温度10~70℃条件下进行。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述(a)步骤还包括将水解反应后生成的(R)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸和(R)-2-氯苯基甘氨酸烷基酯用溶剂分离的步骤。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其特征在于,所述溶剂选自乙酸乙酯、二氯甲烷、乙醚、二异丙醚、叔丁基甲基醚、1,2-二甲氧基乙烷、1,2-二氯乙烷、苯、甲苯、二甲苯以及它们的混合物组成的组。
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Also Published As
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KR20090127714A (ko) | 2009-12-14 |
RU2010154156A (ru) | 2012-07-20 |
EP2298777A4 (en) | 2012-03-14 |
JP2011522535A (ja) | 2011-08-04 |
RU2469039C2 (ru) | 2012-12-10 |
EP2298777A2 (en) | 2011-03-23 |
US20110087028A1 (en) | 2011-04-14 |
KR100990949B1 (ko) | 2010-10-29 |
WO2009151256A2 (ko) | 2009-12-17 |
WO2009151256A3 (ko) | 2010-03-18 |
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