CN102047807A - Cultivation method for milkwort - Google Patents
Cultivation method for milkwort Download PDFInfo
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- CN102047807A CN102047807A CN201010523404.0A CN201010523404A CN102047807A CN 102047807 A CN102047807 A CN 102047807A CN 201010523404 A CN201010523404 A CN 201010523404A CN 102047807 A CN102047807 A CN 102047807A
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- polygala root
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Abstract
The invention relates to a modal cultivation method for Shanxi region drug milkwort, which comprises the technologies of construction of an elite seed breeding system, construction of a fertilizer application mode, prevention and control of diseases and insect pests and the like. The modal cultivation method is suitable for cultivation of milkwort varieties of different production regions of Shanxi, can be used for producing a large amount of safe, high-quality, stable and controllable milkwort medicinal material, and meets the requirements for milkwort production technology and quality standards at home and abroad.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the cultivation method of polygala root, specifically, relate to the high-yield cultivating method of Shanxi genunie medicinal materials polygala root.
Background technology
Polygala root is large medicinal material commonly used, and cultural area is widely distributed.A hundreds of new drug, special medicine, Chinese patent drug have been developed with polygala root in recent years, along with market demand increases year by year, produce " safety, high-quality, stable, controlled ", meet both at home and abroad the technology that polygala root is produced and the polygala root medicinal material of quality requirement, will bring the huge social economic benefit.The present invention has realized the standardized cultivation (GAP) of polygala root.
Summary of the invention
The standardized cultivation method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of polygala root.
In order to realize the object of the invention, the cultivation method of a kind of polygala root of the present invention may further comprise the steps:
1) choosing ground and whole ground: select that physical features is high and dry, draining well, not ponding, the sand loam plantation that faces south, execute well-rotted farmyard manure 25000～30000kg/hm
2Make base manure, deep ploughing 25～30cm is thin with ground leveling rake before broadcasting.
2) sowing: summer sowing was carried out in mid or late June, autumn sowing in 7 months, the last ten-days period or early August carry out, and press line-spacing 20～30cm sowing, broadcasts earthing 1.0～1.5cm afterwards, appropriate compacting, seeding quantity 45～60kg/hm
2
3) fertilising: nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively are 110～125kg/hm
2, 113～129kg/hm
2, 128～140kg/hm
2Wherein, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer all apply before turning green, and nitrogenous fertilizer applies at twice, execute 2/3 before turning green, and full-bloom stage imposes 1/3; Fertilising is watered once later.
4) irrigate: it is comparatively suitable to carry out at polygala root full-bloom stage or whole florescence, is good with the full-bloom stage irrigation, and irrigate output and be significantly higher than period of seedling establishment and early flowering season this moment.
The polygala root full-bloom stage roughly appears at annual late July to late August with the whole florescence, and be the fastest period of the bright root weightening finish of polygala root this moment, and it is remarkable to the polygala root production-increasing function that strengthen water and fertilizer management this moment.
5) extermination of disease and insect pest:
It is several that the polygala root damage by disease and insect mainly contains root rot, aphid, beans blister beetle, and the method for preventing and treating is as follows:
A. root rot control
Root rot is a polygala root main disease in seedling stage, the wooden removing mildew seed dressing of available seed weight 10% before polygala root sowing, treat that polygala root is emerged after, spray with 800 times of dilutions of 50% Tuzet again.
B. control of aphids
Find aphid, can spray 400 times of dilution 2.25ml/m of 0.4% matrine to the acrial part of polygala root
2, every spray in 7～8 days once, spray altogether twice.
C. beans blister beetle
Dust 3g/m with 2.5% chlorophos pulvis
2Or spray 1000 times of dilution 112.5g/m of 90% crystal chlorophos
2, can spray to the acrial part of polygala root.
Be suitable for the environmental condition of polygala root growth: polygala root is the very strong mesoxerophytes of a kind of adaptability, happiness is felt nice and cool and is avoided high temperature, cold-resistant, drought-enduring, water funk waterlogging, happiness light requires not tight to soil, should grow on deep at soil layer, loose fertile, the well-drained sand loam, with on the sunny side, irrigation and drainage are convenient, soil layer is deep, loose fertile, be rich in organic matter, nearly neutral sand loam optimum plantation, secondly be clay loam and grey matter loam, clay, the hollow chaor of waterlogging should not be cultivated.
Annual total solar radiation amount is 120～140 kilocalories/cm
2, with 135 kilocalories/cm
2Be the best; Average temperature of the whole year-4～6 ℃ can bear-30 ℃ low temperature, anti-38 ℃ high temperature, but the duration is long, and terrestrial stem can be wilting in advance, even influence seed maturity; Annual precipitation 300～500mm, spring plant turn green season and flowering stage water requirement many, the optimum range of precipitation is about 200mm, suitable soil is chestnut soil, greyzem and grassland yellow sand, clay and swale be unsuitable for the growth.
Cultivation base environmental quality requirement: atmosphere, water quality, the free of contamination area of soil should be selected in the production base, pollution source must not be arranged on every side.Atmospheric environment reaches more than the national quality GB3095-1996 ambient air quality secondary, needs to detect total suspended particles, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxide, fluoride etc.; Water quality reaches more than national farmland irrigating water's quality standard GB5084-92 secondary, needs to detect pH value, mercury, cadmium, lead, arsenic, chromium, fluoride, cyanide; Except that detecting, also want bacterial detection sum, coliform number etc. with beginning a project; Soil environment quality should reach more than the National Environmental quality standard GB15618-1995 soil environment quality secondary, mainly detects mercury, cadmium. residual quantity such as lead, arsenic and hexachlorcyclohexane, dichloro-diphenyl-dichlorothane tears.
The invention provides standardized cultivation (GAP) method of polygala root, be suitable for the cultivation of different places of production polygala root kind, can be used for a large amount of productions " safety, high-quality, stable, controlled ", meet the technology and the polygala root medicinal material of quality requirement of both at home and abroad polygala root being produced, in that normally the time can production high-quality polygala root dry weight 900kg/hm
2
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a preferred embodiment polygala root stock breeding system construction flow chart of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is a polygala root medicinal material reference fingerprint of the present invention.
Embodiment
Following examples are used to illustrate the present invention, but are not used for limiting the scope of the invention.
The structure of embodiment 1 " Fen is far away No. 1 " stock breeding system
1, " Fen is far away No. 1 " kind brief introduction
This strain plant height 35～45cm, the leaf look dark green, and bright root is cylindrical, long 25～30cm, diameter 0.4～0.8cm, yellow-white, thickness is more even, per mu yield 107kg, 2.5 years breeding times, presenegenin content and soluble saccharide content all are higher than the wild polygala root in each climatic region, Shanxi.
2, the structure of polygala root stock breeding system
Be seeded in foundation seed breeding field with " Fen is far away No. 1 " foundation seed and produce the foundation seed seed, the foundation seed planting seed is in the breeding stock field, produce original seed, original seed is seeded in seed field, in seed field, the mode that the employing individual plant is selected, seed mixes is collected seed, uses as next round seed field seed, and all the other seeds mixing are gathered and are used for land for growing field crops production.Polygala root stock breeding system construction flow process as shown in Figure 1.
3, seed collection
Be polygala root flowering stage early June to mid-August, seed with ripe with falling, seed collection should be gathered the early July behind full-bloom stage in batches, gathered in the crops once in about 23 days, and adopted the self-control after antomobile sprayer is reequiped to receive seed machine absorption polygala root seed, behind the withdrawal seed, remove earth and impurity, clean, tan by the sun, pack is preserved.
4, polygala root corresponding seed quality criteria
Behind the polygala root seed storage 2 years, germination rate descends suddenly, formulates the grade scale of table 1 according to polygala root seed quality leading indicator germination rate:
Table 1 polygala root seed grading standard
The standardized cultivation of embodiment 2 " Fen is far away No. 1 "
1, choosing ground and whole ground
Select the sand loam plantation that physical features is high and dry, face south, clay and swale should not be planted, and execute well-rotted farmyard manure 30000kg/hm
2Make base manure, deep ploughing 30cm is thin with ground leveling rake before broadcasting.
2, sowing
Summer sowing and autumn sowing all can.Summer sowing was sowed behind the getting wheat in mid or late June, autumn sowing in 7 months, the last ten-days period or early August carry out.On whole good furrow face, open the shallow ridges drilling by line-spacing 30cm, broadcast back earthing 1.0～1.5cm, tramp with one's feet one time, treat after broadcasting that rain emerges seeding quantity 45～60kg/hm
2
3, field management
(1) intertill and clean tillage
After polygala root was emerged, seedling was short and small thin and delicate, and poor growth is wanted frequent uprooting weed seedling stage, prevented that weeds from burying seedling, grow after 3 months, and the polygala root resistance strengthens, and can carry out intertill and clean tillage, avoids the farmland running to weeds appearance.
(2) fertilising
Polygala root output and N, P
2O
5, K
2The output regression model of O amount of application is:
Y＝5121+36.113X
1+150.557X
2+71.157X
3-439.15X
1 2-321.447X
2 2-168.478X
3 2-91.306X
1X
2-28.206X
1X
3+8.238X
2X
3 (I)
In the formula (I), Y is polygala root output (kg/hm
2), X
1, X
2, X
3Be respectively the encoded radio of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and the potash fertilizer processing of experimental scheme, the scheme of specifically applying fertilizer is as shown in table 2.
It is obvious than potash fertilizer to the polygala root production-increasing function to enrich nitrogenous fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer in the production, estimates from the output angle, and the best input amount of nitrogen is 0.041 encoded radio, i.e. 117.128kg/hm
2, the suitableeest input amount of phosphorus is 0.234 encoded radio, i.e. 120.333kg/hm
2, the suitableeest input amount of potassium is 0.211 encoded radio, i.e. 136.257kg/hm
2, three's input ratio is 1: 1.03: 1.16, this moment, polygala root output can reach 5146.172kg/hm
2
Polygala root is comparatively responsive to nitrogenous fertilizer, and when soil moisture content was low, nitrogenous fertilizer should early be executed (flowering stage) Shaoshi, when soil moisture content is higher, should suitably increase the amount of application of nitrogenous fertilizer, and distinguishes applied nitrogen in period of seedling establishment and flowering stage.
Table 2N, P, K three factor optimal design fertilising scheme
(3) irrigate
Polygala root is comparatively suitable at full-bloom stage or whole florescence irrigation, is good with the full-bloom stage irrigation, and irrigate output and be significantly higher than period of seedling establishment and early flowering season this moment.
The polygala root full-bloom stage roughly appears at annual late July to late August with the whole florescence, and be the fastest period of the bright root weightening finish of polygala root this moment, and it is remarkable to the polygala root production-increasing function that strengthen water and fertilizer management this moment.
(4) extermination of disease and insect pest
It is several that the polygala root damage by disease and insect mainly contains root rot, aphid, beans blister beetle, and the method for preventing and treating is as follows:
A. root rot control
Root rot is a polygala root main disease in seedling stage, the wooden removing mildew seed dressing of available seed weight 10% before polygala root sowing, treat that polygala root is emerged after, spray with 800 times of dilutions of 50% Tuzet again.
B. control of aphids
Find aphid, can spray 400 times of dilution 2.25ml/m of 0.4% matrine to the acrial part of polygala root
2, every spray in 7～8 days once, spray altogether twice.
C. beans blister beetle
Find the beans blister beetle, available 2.5% chlorophos pulvis dusts 3g/m
2Or spray 1000 times of dilution 112.5g/m of 90% crystal chlorophos
2, can spray to the acrial part of polygala root.
Embodiment 3 medicinal materials are gathered and place of production preliminary working
The polygala root plantation was gathered in the past in June in spring after 2.5 years, took root, remove residual stem and earth, impurity, will treat that root is when the finger winding is continuous than the thick little solarization of polygala root, take out core, the residue phloem is " RADIX POLYGALAE ", and thinner root is beaten with wooden stick and split, remove core, claim " RADIX POLYGALAE " that the most tiny root does not remove core, claim by " polygala root rod ", to process the back polygala root and dry, be stored in dry ventilation.
The monitoring of embodiment 4 quality of medicinal materials
(1) polygala root medicinal material commercial specification
1, RADIX POLYGALAE
Look yellowish, light brown or lark, and hollow cylinder, neat, skin is thin, and goods is done, and does not have mould residual nothing soil end.The skin person of slightly not breaking, obstructed person is all defective, and moisture content is no more than 12%.
More than the 1 equal diameter 0.6cm, more than the length 1.8cm;
More than the 2 equal diameter 0.5cm, more than the length 1.8cm;
More than 3 equal diameters, 0.4～0.5cm, more than the length 1.8cm;
More than 4 equal diameters, 0.3～0.4cm, more than the length 1.8cm;
Below the 5 equal diameter 0.3cm, more than the length 1.8cm.
2, RADIX POLYGALAE
Look yellowish, pale brown look or lark, and body is soft, and skin is thin, mostly is the disconnected broken fleshy root skin that breaks, and no reed head does not have the branch stalk, and what bone was arranged must not surpass 5%, and moisture content is no more than 12%.
3, polygala root rod
Look yellowish is or yellow, is supporting root or the radicula of not taking out core,, moisture content is no more than 12%.
(2) assay
With reference to (polygala root) item of Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China version in 2005 down, be index components with the polygalic acid, adopt high effective liquid chromatography for measuring, polygalic acid content must not be less than 0.7%.
(3) finger-print
Adopt the high-efficient liquid phase color instrument to measure the polygala root finger-print, testing sample and Fig. 2 polygala root reference fingerprint similarity should be greater than 80%.
Embodiment 5 medicinal materials packing, transportation and storage
Dry the back polygala root and can use packed in cases, every case 5kg indicates the name of an article, specification, the place of production, lot number, packing date, production unit on every packing, and with up-to-standard sign.
To package polygala root and place aeration-drying place, temperature is below 30 ℃, relative moisture 70%～75%, commercial articles safety moisture 9%～13%.
Duration of storage should be made regular check on, and gently removes and puts down gently, reduces broken.High-temperature high humidity season can seal and fill nitrogen and fall the oxygen maintenance, finds the moisture absorption or slightly damages by worms, timely airing or turn over buttress to ventilate, and when serious, available aluminum phosphate smoked kill.
Means of transport or container should have excellent air permeability, keeping dry, and moisture preventive measure should be arranged, and shorten haulage time as much as possible, should not load in mixture by material poisonous with other, harmful and easy taint of odour simultaneously.
Though above the present invention is described in detail with a general description of the specific embodiments, on basis of the present invention, can make some modifications or improvements it, this will be apparent to those skilled in the art.Therefore, these modifications or improvements all belong to the scope of protection of present invention without departing from theon the basis of the spirit of the present invention.
Claims (3)
1. the cultivation method of polygala root is characterized in that, may further comprise the steps:
1) choosing ground and whole ground: select draining good, well-rotted farmyard manure 25000～30000kg/hm is not executed in ponding, the sand loam plantation that faces south
2Make base manure, deep ploughing 25～30cm is thin with ground leveling rake before broadcasting;
2) sowing: summer sowing was carried out in mid or late June, autumn sowing in 7 months, the last ten-days period or early August carry out, and press line-spacing 20～30cm sowing, broadcasts earthing 1.0～1.5cm afterwards, seeding quantity 45～60kg/hm
2
3) fertilising: nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer respectively are 110～125kg/hm
2, 113～129kg/hm
2, 128～140kg/hm
2Wherein, phosphate fertilizer and potash fertilizer all apply before turning green, and nitrogenous fertilizer applies at twice, execute 2/3 before turning green, and full-bloom stage imposes 1/3;
4) irrigate: carry out at polygala root full-bloom stage or whole florescence.
2. method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, also comprises the extermination of disease and insect pest.
3. method according to claim 1 and 2 is characterized in that, described damage by disease and insect comprises root rot, aphid or beans blister beetle.
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| CN2010105234040A CN102047807B (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | Cultivation method for milkwort |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010105234040A CN102047807B (en) | 2010-10-20 | 2010-10-20 | Cultivation method for milkwort |
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| CN102047807B CN102047807B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105493852A (en) * | 2015-12-19 | 2016-04-20 | 界首市众鑫科技服务有限公司 | Polygala tenuifolia planting method |
| CN105794473A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-27 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Scutellaria baicalensis cultivation method |
| CN111108880A (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2020-05-08 | 山西农业大学 | Formula of polygala tenuifolia dressing fertilizer and application method thereof |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101194598A (en) * | 2007-12-30 | 2008-06-11 | 九江学院 | Method for producing polygalacic acid with milkwort feather shaped root system culture |
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Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101194598A (en) * | 2007-12-30 | 2008-06-11 | 九江学院 | Method for producing polygalacic acid with milkwort feather shaped root system culture |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| 《农业技术与装备》 20081130 李晓霞 远志的无公害栽培技术 第30-31页 1-3 , 第155期 2 * |
| 《农业技术与装备》 20100831 张英泽 新绛县旱垣地远志高产栽培技术研究 第35-36页 1-3 , 第196期 2 * |
| 《安徽农业科学》 20081231 魏志华等 中药远志GAP标准操作规程 第7471-7472页 全文 第36卷, 第17期 2 * |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105493852A (en) * | 2015-12-19 | 2016-04-20 | 界首市众鑫科技服务有限公司 | Polygala tenuifolia planting method |
| CN105794473A (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2016-07-27 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Scutellaria baicalensis cultivation method |
| CN105794473B (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2020-01-24 | 山西省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Cultivation method of scutellaria baicalensis |
| CN111108880A (en) * | 2020-02-14 | 2020-05-08 | 山西农业大学 | Formula of polygala tenuifolia dressing fertilizer and application method thereof |
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| CN102047807B (en) | 2012-04-18 |
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