Adopt the method and apparatus of forwards flipover fire grate burning domestic garbage
Technical field the present invention relates to the incineration of refuse, especially relates to the incineration of carrying out the refuse of second-time burning in discrete combustion chamber, particularly relates to the method and apparatus that adopts forwards flipover fire grate burning domestic garbage.
Background technology prior art domestic waste incineration type is various, and wherein, the mechanical kiln grate furnace is strong because of the effect of poking fire, the rubbish wide accommodation and the rubbish of different calorific values is not needed advantages such as preliminary treatment, is used widely in the processing of house refuse and promotes.According to the movement characteristic of rubbish on fire grate, the existing machinery fire grate comprises forwards formula and inverse-push.The forwards formula is meant that the direction of fire grate segment promotion rubbish is identical with the direction that the waste incineration process moves, and inverse-push is meant that the direction of fire grate segment promotion rubbish is opposite with the direction that the waste incineration process moves.The shortcoming of existing machinery fire grate domestic waste incineration is:
1, existing forwards reciprocating fire grate
1) according to the three phases of incineration firing process, the fire grate respective design has drying, burns and burns three functional areas.Because dry, burn and time of burning three phases and needing has nothing in common with each other, rubbish difference of different nature is also very big, three requirements of having nothing in common with each other to the translational speed of rubbish in functional areas.But prior art forwards fire grate has only a cover drive unit and an a kind of speed in the reciprocating motion of same bed surface, is unfavorable for improving the burning disposal ability and reduces the hot burn decrement rate of lime-ash.
2) the forwards fire grate of the prior art mechanism that independently do not poke fire, for improving the disposal ability of incinerator, the processing mode of existing forwards fire grate is that the bed surface of forwards fire grate is divided into multistage, as shown in Figure 2, the certain drop of design between each section fire grate L, make rubbish broken in falling process, thereby promote burning of rubbish.But this mode makes the volume of burner hearth increase, and has reduced the thermic load of burner hearth, is unsuitable for the burning disposal of waste of low heating value.Because the design of drop increases the incinerator height, make the height that burns factory building that bigger increase be arranged simultaneously, construction investment increases.
2, existing forwards and backstepping reciprocating fire grate
Prior art forwards and backstepping reciprocating fire grate, drive fire grate and the fixed grate formation bed surface that is staggered, the fire grate segment that drives fire grate and fixed grate does not all have independently supporting construction, rubbish and back one-level fire grate segment deadweight all act on previous stage fire grate segment itself in the stove, fixed grate and the wearing and tearing that drive between the fire grate are big, fire grate segment specification requirement height, and maintenance is big, strengthen project construction and maintenance cost, especially be not suitable for the burning disposal of ash-rich rubbish.
The summary of the invention the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to avoid above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art part, and prior art is done further improvement, propose a kind of burn easy to control, the effect of poking fire is strong, adapt to component of refuse extensively and can reduce the method and apparatus of the employing forwards flipover fire grate burning domestic garbage of construction maintenance cost.Overall solution is to increase to be provided with on the basis of prior art slip fire grate and fixed grate to stir fire grate, with the slip fire grate, stir fire grate and fixed grate is combined into the standard fire grate unit in a certain order, some standard fire grate unit combination become forwards flipover fire grate, and form the siege of inclination from high to low, end to end; Slip fire grate in the standard fire grate unit and stir fire grate and drive by independent driving mechanisms respectively.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above employing comprises following method step:
A., the slip fire grate is set in the grate-type incinerator, stirs fire grate and fixed grate;
B. described each fire grate is formed standard stove row unit one according to the order of " slip fire grate, stir fire grate, fixed grate, slip fire grate, stir fire grate, fixed grate ", perhaps form standard stove row unit two according to the order of " slip fire grate, stir fire grate, fixed grate, slip fire grate, fixed grate, slip fire grate, fixed grate "; The stacked in regular turn setting of each fire grate in these two kinds of standard fire grate unit;
C. select at least three standard fire grate unit one or standard fire grate unit two, perhaps any combination of these two kinds of standard fire grate unit constitutes forwards flipover fire grate in regular turn, and each standard fire grate unit of forming forwards flipover fire grate is provided with in described grate-type incinerator from high to low, end to end to form the siege of inclination;
D. in described each standard fire grate unit one, two the slip fire grate and stir fire grate each drive by independent driving mechanisms; And the below of each standard fire grate unit all is provided with independently air compartment in the described forwards flipover fire grate, and each air compartment is blown separately by the blower fan of oneself;
E. rubbish enters forwards flipover fire grate garbage incinerator from feed hopper, be pushed on the forwards flipover fire grate siege by the feed fire grate, moisture content and rubbish character according to rubbish are adjusted slip fire grate and the movement rate and straight line or the angular displacement stroke that stir fire grate in each standard fire grate unit respectively, the drive mechanism slip fire grate horizontal movement of slip fire grate in the standard fire grate unit one or two, promote rubbish displacement forward, the driving mechanism that stirs fire grate then drives and stirs fire grate and rotate and make refuse breaking and loose, at the slip fire grate with stir the uniting under the driving of fire grate, rubbish is through super-dry, burn, be discharged into mucking machine up to burning the generation lime-ash, discharge out of the furnace by mucking machine again.
The present invention solve the technical problem a kind of grate-type incinerator of equipping forwards flipover fire grate of design, comprise dry section, combustion zone and burnt zone, described forwards flipover fire grate comprises slip fire grate and fixed grate, especially, also comprises and stirs fire grate; Described slip fire grate, stir fire grate and fixed grate and form standard stove row unit one, perhaps form standard stove row unit two according to the order of " slip fire grate, stir fire grate, fixed grate, slip fire grate, fixed grate, slip fire grate, fixed grate " according to the order of " slip fire grate, stir fire grate, fixed grate, slip fire grate, stir fire grate, fixed grate "; Described forwards flipover fire grate is by at least three standard fire grate unit one or standard fire grate unit two, perhaps these two kinds of standard fire grate unit one or any combination of two constitute in regular turn, the stacked in regular turn setting of fire grate in each standard fire grate unit, and each standard fire grate unit is supported in the described grate-type incinerator from high to low, end to end, forms the tilting siege of continuous bed surface; Slip fire grate in described each standard fire grate unit one or two interconnects by fixed support, and is supported on the roller; Stir fire grate and be supported in the described standard fire grate unit by driving shaft, fixed grate is fixedly supported in the described standard fire grate unit; Slip fire grate in described each standard fire grate unit drives the fixed support horizontal movement by slip fire grate driving mechanism, stirs fire grate and makes by driving shaft and stir fire grate and rotate by stirring the fire grate driving mechanism; The below of described each standard fire grate unit all is provided with independently air compartment, and being provided with independently in each air compartment, blower fan is the air compartment air-supply.
Described dry section, burnt zone respectively are provided with 1 standard fire grate unit, and the combustion zone is provided with 1~3 standard fire grate unit.
Slip fire grate driving mechanism in described each standard fire grate unit and to stir the fire grate driving mechanism independent mutually.
Slip fire grate horizontal motion stroke in described each standard fire grate unit is 0~260mm.
The fire grate that stirs in described each standard fire grate unit is 0 °~30 ° around the driving shaft anglec of rotation, and the movement in vertical direction stroke is 0~110mm.
The slip fire grate of described each standard fire grate unit junction and stir and be provided with unsteady wear plate between fire grate, slip fire grate and the fixed grate.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, the effect of poking fire is strong; The forwards fire grate is not provided with the mechanism that independently pokes fire compared to existing technology, rely on the effect that realizes poking fire of drop between each fire grate, forwards flipover fire grate of the present invention is provided with and stirs fire grate and realize poking fire, stirring fire grate is driven by independent driving mechanisms, can make and stir fire grate and produce and to stir motion,, make the rubbish of bed surface be able to broken and loose by stirring the action of stirring of fire grate, strengthen the gas permeability of rubbish, helped the dry and burning of rubbish.
2, incineration firing is easy to control, and it is wide to adapt to component of refuse; The slip fire grate of standard fire grate unit is independent separately with the driving mechanism that stirs fire grate in the forwards flipover fire grate of the present invention, this design makes the rubbish time that each section stops in siege extremely be convenient to control, when refuse thermal value changes, can regulate the movement velocity of slip fire grate driving mechanism or the needs that frequency adapts to burning, the independent driving mechanism that stirs fire grate also makes rubbish stirring in siege be convenient to control, it is same when refuse thermal value changes, also can regulate movement velocity or the frequency of stirring the fire grate driving mechanism, increase the stirring and the fragmentation of rubbish, to adapt to the needs of burning; Therefore, the fire grate of forwards flipover of the present invention is more favourable to the burning control of the big rubbish of complicated component or calorific value fluctuation, can adapt to the rubbish of high-moisture, high ash content, complicated component.
3, construction, maintenance cost have been reduced; For rubbish being carried out the broken firing efficiency that improves rubbish, prior art forwards fire grate bed surface is divided into multistage, has certain drop, this design to make the height of incinerator increase between each section fire grate, has increased civil engineering cost; And stirring fire grate and can rotate by driving mechanism rubbish is carried out fragmentation in the forwards flipover fire grate of the present invention do not need additionally to increase the height between the two-stage fire grate, can effectively reduce the incinerator height.Prior art slip fire grate and fixed grate do not have the independent support structure, the deadweight of rubbish and prime fire grate segment acts on the level fire grate segment of back in the stove, and between slip fire grate and the fixed grate because the friction, make that the fire grate wearing and tearing are bigger, higher to the fire grate segment specification requirement, strengthened the plant maintenance amount, in the technical solution of the present invention between slip fire grate and the fixed grate, slip fire grate and stir and be provided with unsteady wear plate between the fire grate, the pressure that the weight of fire grate self and rubbish produce does not act on other fire grates, reduced between fire grate because of fricative wearing and tearing, reduced maintenance.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the general structure cross-sectional schematic that the present invention adopts the incinerator of forwards flipover fire grate;
Fig. 2 is the general structure cross-sectional schematic of prior art forwards formula fire grate garbage incinerator;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the standard fire grate unit one of described incinerator of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of the standard fire grate unit two of described incinerator of the present invention;
Fig. 5-the 1st, the fire grate combining structure schematic diagram of the incinerator of forming by four standard fire grate unit one of the present invention;
Fig. 5-the 2nd, the fire grate combining structure schematic diagram of the incinerator of the present invention that is combined into by two standard fire grate unit one and two standard fire grate unit two;
Fig. 6 is that the slip fire grate drives schematic diagram in the standard fire grate unit of the present invention;
Fig. 6-the 1st, (0~45 ° of driving shaft corner drives oil cylinder stroke 0~260mm) to the driving mechanism schematic diagram of slip fire grate in the standard fire grate unit of the present invention;
Fig. 7 stirs fire grate to drive schematic diagram in the standard fire grate unit of the present invention;
Fig. 7-the 1st, (0~30 ° of driving shaft corner drives oil cylinder stroke 0~160mm) to stir the driving mechanism schematic diagram of fire grate in the standard fire grate unit of the present invention;
Fig. 8 is a fire grate supporting construction partial schematic diagram in the standard fire grate unit of the present invention;
Fig. 8-the 1st, the local enlarged diagram of the wear plate (A portion) that floats between two fire grate segments among Fig. 8.
The specific embodiment is described in further detail below in conjunction with the preferred embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing.
The method that the present invention adopts forwards flipover fire grate to burn away the refuse shown in standard fire grate unit one, two structure charts of the general structure of Fig. 1 and Fig. 3, Fig. 4, comprises the steps:
1, in grate-type incinerator 10, be provided with slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202 and fixed grate 203;
2, with slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202 and fixed grate 203 and form standard stove row unit 1 according to the order of " slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202, fixed grate 203, slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202, fixed grate 203 ", perhaps form standard stove row unit 2 209 according to the order of " slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202, fixed grate 203, slip fire grate 201, fixed grate 203, slip fire grate 201, fixed grate 203 "; The stacked in regular turn setting of each fire grate in these two kinds of standard fire grate unit;
3, select at least three standard fire grate unit 1 or standard fire grate unit 2 209, perhaps any combination of these two kinds of standard fire grate unit constitutes forwards flipover fire grate 20 in regular turn, and each standard fire grate unit of forming forwards flipover fire grate 20 is provided with in grate-type incinerator 10 from high to low, end to end to form the siege of inclination;
4, slip fire grate 201 and stir fire grate 202 each is driven by independent driving mechanisms in the standard fire grate unit one, two; And the below of each standard fire grate unit all is provided with independently air compartment 207 in the described forwards flipover fire grate 20, and each air compartment is blown separately by the blower fan of oneself;
5, rubbish enters grate-type incinerator 10 from feed hopper 40, be pushed on forwards flipover fire grate 20 sieges by feed fire grate 30, moisture content and rubbish character according to rubbish are adjusted slip fire grate 201 and the movement rate and straight line or the angular displacement stroke that stir fire grate 202 in each standard fire grate unit respectively, drive mechanism slip fire grate 201 horizontal movements of slip fire grate 201 in the standard fire grate unit 1 or 2 209, promote rubbish displacement forward, the driving mechanism that stirs fire grate 202 then drives and stirs fire grate 202 and rotate and make refuse breaking and loose, at slip fire grate 201 with stir the uniting under the driving of fire grate 202, rubbish is through super-dry, burn, be discharged into mucking machine 50 up to burning the generation lime-ash, discharge out of the furnace by mucking machine 50 again.
Forwards flipover fire grate 20 of the present invention is arranged in the grate-type incinerator 10, comprises dry section, combustion zone and burnt zone.Forwards flipover fire grate 20 comprises slip fire grate 201, stirs fire grate 202 and fixed grate 203; Slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202 and fixed grate 203 and form standard stove row unit 1, perhaps form standard stove row unit 2 209 according to the order of " slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202, fixed grate 203, slip fire grate 201, fixed grate 203, slip fire grate 201, fixed grate 203 " according to the order of " slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202, fixed grate 203, slip fire grate 201, stir fire grate 202, fixed grate 203 "; Standard fire grate unit 1 and 2 209 structure are seen Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.Forwards flipover fire grate 20 is by at least three standard fire grate unit 1 or standard fire grate unit 2 209, perhaps any combination of these two kinds of standard fire grate unit constitutes in regular turn, the stacked in regular turn setting of fire grate in each standard fire grate unit 1 or 2 209, and each standard fire grate unit 1 or 2 209 is supported in the grate-type incinerator 10 in incinerator from high to low, end to end, forms the tilting siege of continuous bed surface; Fig. 5-1 and Fig. 5-2 shows the forwards flipover fire grate of being made up of standard fire grate unit 1 or 2 209 20.
Five standard fire grate unit 1 of forwards flipover fire grate 20 preferred employings of grate-type incinerator of the present invention shown in Figure 1 are formed; Standard fire grate unit 1 is supported in the grate-type incinerator 10 in the grate-type incinerator from high to low, end to end, forms continuous bed surface and gets the tilting siege.Wherein dry section, burnt zone respectively are provided with 1 standard fire grate unit 1, and the combustion zone is provided with 3 standard fire grate unit 1.The type of drive of fire grate is referring to Fig. 6, and 2 the slip fire grates 201 in the standard fire grate unit 1 pass through fixed support 2011 fixed connections, and are supported on the roller; Be linked with crank 2013 and 2013 ' respectively on fixed support 2011 and the slip fire grate driving shaft 2012, this two crank connects by crank connecting link 2014; The driving mechanism of slip fire grate adopts oil cylinder, in conjunction with Fig. 6-1, the crank 2013 that the slip fire grate drives on oil cylinder 2015 and the slip fire grate driving shaft 2012 connects, drive 2013 actions of slip fire grate driving shaft, driving toggle is 2011 horizontal movements of fixed support, during action, these driving shaft 2013 angle ranges are 0~45 °, and the horizontal movement stroke range that drives slip fire grate 201 is 0~260mm.Stir fire grate 202 and be supported in the standard fire grate unit 1 by driving shaft 2021, drive and stir fire grate 202 and rotate by stirring fire grate driving shaft 2021, structure as shown in Figure 7; The driving mechanism that stirs fire grate 202 is referring to Fig. 7-1, stir fire grate driving shaft 2021 and be linked with crank 2022, stir the fire grate driving mechanism and adopt oil cylinder, stir fire grate and drive oil cylinder 2023 and crank 2022 connections, drive dump grate 202 and rotate, make and stir fire grate 202 and produce and stir motion up and down, the angle range of dump grate driving shaft 2021 is 0~30 °, the stroke that dump grate drives oil cylinder 2023 is 0~160mm, and dump grate movement in vertical direction stroke is 0~110mm; By stirring the action of stirring of fire grate 202, the rubbish in the siege is able to broken and loose.203 of fixed grates are fixedly supported in the standard fire grate unit, because fixed grate 203 maintains static in the standard fire grate unit, its structure can be referring to the standard fire grate cellular construction schematic diagram of Fig. 3 and Fig. 4; In the forwards flipover fire grate garbage incinerator of the present invention, the below of standard fire grate unit 1 all is provided with independently air compartment 207, and being provided with independently in each air compartment, blower fan is air compartment 207 air-supplies.
Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the structure of preferred embodiment of the present invention standard fire grate unit 1 and standard fire grate unit 2 209 respectively, fire grate unit all is to adopt the form of independent sealing, the below is provided with air compartment 207, each air compartment 207 all adopts the blower fan (not shown) to blow separately, and blower fan preferably adopts the blower fan of frequency control.
As shown in Figure 8, in order to reduce the frictional dissipation between each fire grate segment in the standard fire grate unit, further reduce maintenance work, the slip fire grate 201 of each standard fire grate unit 1 or 2 209 junctions and stir between fire grate 202, slip fire grate 201 and the fixed grate 203 and also be provided with unsteady wear plate 204.Fig. 8-1 is depicted as the local enlarged diagram of the wear plate (A portion) that floats between two fire grate segments among Fig. 8.