JP3794753B2 - Stoker furnace for burning incinerated materials such as garbage - Google Patents

Description

望ましくはごみ等の性状等により突起無し型及び突起付を使い分ける。
【００２８】
【表１】

【００２９】
給塵装置１７の下流側にストーカ６が設置されている。
ストーカ６は、前記フィードテーブル５終端側より燃焼後の被焼却物排出口１２Ａに至るストーカ入口側より出口端までのストーカの段数を一段に設定するとともに、該ストーカ据付角度を被焼却物の搬送方向に約１０°上向きになるように固定火格子段１６と移動火格子段１５を交互に配置する。
【００３０】
又火格子の傾斜角度を被焼却物の搬送方向に２０〜３０°上向きになるように配置し、結果として火格子７の背面傾斜角度が搬送方向に３０〜４０°程度上向きになるように配置されることでもよい。
本実施例のストーカ６はフィードテーブル上の往復動式フィーダにて火格子７上へごみ等を供給しそして火格子７上でごみ燃焼した後の残留灰分等はストーカ６後端から排出する。
・ストーカ６の据付角度は０°（水平）〜２０°（上向き）、好ましくは１０°に設定する。
・ストーカ６面に対する火格子傾斜角度は２０°〜４０°（上向き）、好ましくは２０°〜３０°に設定する。
【００３１】
望ましくは、水平面に対して火格子背面の傾斜角度（＝ストーカ６の据付角度＋火格子傾斜角度）が火格子７上部に堆積する焼却灰の安息角度である３０〜３５°よりも急勾配であり３０〜５０°、好ましくは３０〜５０°程度とする。

【００３２】

かかるストーカの構成を表２に示す。
【００３３】
【表２】

【００３４】
尚、ストーカ６は図１８に示すようにストーカ６上のごみ等の流れ方向に突起８の無い火格子列と突起８付の火格子列を長手方向に交互に並べて配置しストーカ６の一段の面全体を構成する。
【００３５】
移動火格子１５の駆動方法は油圧シリンダ、油圧モータ、電動シリンダ、電動リニアモータ等で代表される低速度（０〜１００ｍｍ／ｓｅｃ無段又は段階的可変速）、高出力条件の駆動機にて円滑な駆動ができる。
火格子１５の動作は手動、自動、遠隔操作やごみの燃焼制御等によりＯＮ／ＯＦＦ動作や無段可変速等の動作をする。
【００３６】
本実施例のストーカ６は一段で構成されているが駆動シリンダ等は１駆動系〜１５駆動系に分割してで構成され、望ましくは、火格子１５下部の風箱１０の１区分当りに独立した１駆動系を取付するのがよい。
風箱１０は燃焼用一次空気、排ガス再循環ガス、酸素富化空気、乾燥、熱分解・燃焼用等の単一（純粋）又は混合したガス及び蒸気、等を火格子７下部から炉内へ火格子７の側面・前面あるいは火格子７を貫通するスリット・穴又は細孔を通して供給するように構成されている。
【００３７】
風箱１０の分割数は搬送方向にそって１分割〜１５分割を行い、望ましくはストーカ６を一段状に構成した場合でも、複数の風箱１０を取付し、乾燥・熱分解・ガス化燃焼・後燃焼等、炉内でのごみ等の各々の処理過程に応じた空気等の配分をする。
尚、風箱１０の巾方向には一体型又は分割式のいずれでもよい。
【００３８】
尚、図１に示す風箱１０の構成は表３に示す。
【００３９】
【表３】

【００４０】
尚、前記火格子７群は、その下方に配置した風箱１０により被焼却物搬送方向に沿って前記表３に示すように、４つに分割し、該分割した移動火格子１５毎には連結棒９Ａを介して１本の油圧シリンダ９で駆動するように構成する。
【００４１】
従ってストーカ６６の運転要素は、夫々の風箱１０単位で１ヶの制御要素のみの操作で行ない、従って風箱１０が４つあるので、燃焼用一次空気量制御系列、燃焼用空気温度制御系列、移動火格子１５７の往復動作によるごみの撹拌制御系列が夫々４系列存在する事になる。
【００４２】
かかる実施例によれば不規則な変動を抑えた安定した定常燃焼を得ることができる。
例えばストーカ６上に形成される、ごみ層・灰層等の厚さは平均５０〜１，５００ｍｍt 程度である。ストーカ６上でのごみ・灰等の滞留時間は平均１０〜１５０分程度である。
ストーカ６上でのごみの乾燥・熱分解・ガス化燃焼・後燃焼の各工程での処理効率を最大限まで引き上げストーカ６をできるだけコンパクトにするためには、各工程でのごみの体積減少にあわせたごみ層厚さや灰層厚さの制御と発熱源の撹拌の促進が必要である。このために図１に示すようにストーカ６下部の風箱１０はごみの流れ方向に複数に分割し、各々の風箱１０に各々１つの独立した火格子１５、１６駆動系を取付するのがよい。
【００４３】
尚、本実施例に用いる処理対象品は、都市ごみ・産業廃棄物等で代表される廃棄物、ＲＤＦ（Refuse Derived Fuel)等の固形燃料等で代表されるリサイクル品、汚泥・汚水等で代表される前述の物質に混合して処理する物、等 成分…紙、プラスチック、木材、ゴム、等の原料、材料、半製品、製品、リサイクル品、廃棄物、等で、ＬＨＶ＝０〜１２，０００ｋｃａｌ／ｋｇ（低位発熱量）程度のものでも十分焼却可能である。
そして前記ごみ等のストーカ６上での処理方法は上記のごみ等を乾燥、可燃分の内の揮発分を熱分解した後ガス化燃焼し、可燃部の内の固定炭素分を固体燃焼した後に、残留灰分、等を排出する。
【００４４】
表４は火格子７傾斜角度が３０°上向き、火格子７背面傾斜角度が４０°の火格子７断面形状を示し、図２〜図７に対応するものである。
【００４５】
【表４】

【００４６】
図２は移動火格子１５及び固定火格子１６のいずれもが、先端に３角形状の突起８を有したもので、その詳細形状は図３及び図１７に示す。
そして本実施例においては、移動火格子１５ストロークが３６０ｍｍ、火格子の高さ１３０ｍｍにした場合において、突起８形状は、突起８形成始端を火格子先端より９０ｍｍの位置に設定し、突起８高さを４０ｍｍ、突起８先端角度を５７°、前面傾斜角度を５２°、後面傾斜角度を５°に設定している。
図４は先端突起８形状の種類を示し、大型直角三角形状、台形型、断面半円状の丸型、面取り型の夫々の突起８形状が開示されている。
【００４７】
図５乃至図７は、図１に適用されるストーカ炉の先端突起８無し火格子列の一の側面図を示し、図５は火格子の先端角部をほぼ水平方向にカットしたもので、火格子の先端前端傾斜角度を５２°に、カット部の傾斜角度を８５°に夫々設定している。又カット高さは（１３０−７５）ｍｍに設定している。
図６は火格子の先端角部を僅かにＲ状に面取りしたもの、図７は大きな曲率でＲ状に形成したもので、火格子の先端前端傾斜角度を５２°に、又火格子前端高さを１３０ｍｍに設定している。
【００４８】
そして図３〜図４に示される先端突起８付き火格子と図５乃至図７に示される先端突起８無し火格子７とを適宜選択して左右方向に交互配列して図１８に示すストーカ炉の先端突起８無し及び先端突起８付を交互に配列した火格子７列のストーカ炉が形成できる。尚図中（Ａ）は平面図、（Ｂ）は側面図である。
【００４９】
表５は火格子傾斜角度が２０°上向き、火格子背面傾斜角度が３０°の火格子７断面形状を示し、図８〜図１５に対応するものである。
【００５０】
【表５】

【００５１】
図８は移動火格子１５及び固定火格子１６のいずれもが、先端に二山状の突起８を有したもので、本実施例においては、火格子の高さ１３０ｍｍにした場合において、突起８形状は、二山の突起８形成始端を火格子先端より１５０ｍｍの位置に設定し、突起８高さを４０ｍｍ、突起８先端角度を７５°、前面傾斜角度を４２°、６０°、後面傾斜角度を１５°に設定している。
図９は二山の突起８形成始端を火格子先端より１５６ｍｍの位置に設定し、突起８高さを４０ｍｍ、突起８先端角度を７４°、前面傾斜角度を４２°、後面傾斜角度を３２°に設定している。
【００５２】
図１０乃至図１２は先端突起８形状の種類を示し、図１０には大型台形型、小型台形型、面取り台形型の夫々の突起８形状が、又図１１には水平台形型、前傾台形型、前面丸型の夫々の突起８形状が、更に図１２には複数の台形を組合せた大型２山型、小型２山型、丸型２山の夫々の突起８形状が開示されている。
図１３乃至図１５は、ストーカ炉の先端突起８無し火格子列の一の側面図を示し、図１３は火格子の先端角部を僅かに前傾方向にカットしたもので、火格子７の先端前端傾斜角度を４２°に、カット部の傾斜角度を７５°に夫々設定している。又カット高さは（１３０−７５）ｍｍに設定している。
図１４は火格子７の先端角部を僅かにＲ状に面取りしたもの、図１５は大きな曲率でＲ状に形成したもので、火格子７の先端前端傾斜角度を４２°に、又火格子前端高さを１３０ｍｍに設定している。
【００５３】
図１９は、図１と異なる本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の全体組立図を示し、図１の実施例との違いを説明するに、往復動フィーダ３は上下二段構成とし、又ストーカ６は一段で構成されているが風箱１０は搬送方向に５つに区分して構成している。駆動シリンダ９は夫々の風箱１０毎に独立した駆動系として取付るのではなく、複数の風箱１０単位で夫々駆動系を設けている。
【００５４】
図２０はストーカ６を２段構成とした参考例であり、前記フィードテーブル５終端側より燃焼後の被焼却物排出口１２Ａに至るストーカ６を２段構成としつつ火格子７の背面傾斜角度を被焼却物の搬送方向に３０〜５０°上向きになるように配置してある。
尚、風箱１０は第１段側のストーカ６を２つに区分して２つの風箱１０を、又第２段側のストーカ６には１の風箱１０を夫々設けている。駆動シリンダ９は各段毎に独立した駆動系として取付ている。
【００５５】
【発明の効果】
以上記載のごとく本発明によれば火格子燃焼率（ごみ焼却量〜１０，０００ｔ／日・炉程度）を向上させるとともに、強力なごみ・灰の攪拌力により２５０ｋｇ／ｍ² ｈ以上を達成（高カロリーごみでは４００ｋｇ／ｍ² ｈ以上も可能）した。
又本発明によれば火格子背面傾斜角度と火格子先端突起８形状の工夫により従来の１．５〜２倍以上を達成することが出来る。
更に本発明によれば高カロリーごみ燃焼時においても適切なごみ層と灰層の確保により火格子の損傷がないとともに、炉内の均一燃焼によりクリンカー付着が無くなる。
【図面の簡単な説明】
【図１】 本発明の第１実施例に係るストーカ炉の全体組立図（長手断面図・火格子背面傾斜角度４０°）を示す。
【図２】 図１に適用されるストーカ炉の火格子駆動系の第１の組立図（長手断面図・火格子背面傾斜角度４０°）を示す。
【図３】 図２に適用されるストーカ炉の先端突起付火格子列の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度４０°）を示す。
【図４】 図２に適用されるストーカ炉の各種火格子先端突起形状の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度４０°）を示す。
【図５】 図１に適用されるストーカ炉の先端突起無し火格子列の一の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度４０°）を示す。
【図６】 図１に適用されるストーカ炉の先端突起無し火格子列（角型）の側面（火格子背面傾斜角度４０°）を示す。
【図７】 図１に適用されるストーカ炉の先端突起無し火格子列（丸型）の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度４０°）を示す。
【図８】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の先端突起付火格子列の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図９】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の先端突起付火格子列の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図１０】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の各種火格子先端突起形状の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図１１】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の各種火格子先端突起形状の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図１２】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の各種火格子先端突起形状の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図１３】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の先端突起無し火格子列の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図１４】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の先端突起無し火格子列（角型）の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図１５】 本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の先端突起無し火格子列（丸型）の側面図（火格子背面傾斜角度３０°）を示す。
【図１６】 図１に対応する本発明の実施例に係るストーカ炉の全体組立図（鳥瞰図）を示す。
【図１７】 図２に対応する先端突起付火格子の鳥瞰図である。
【図１８】 本発明の実施例に係るストーカ炉の先端突起無し及び先端突起付を交互に配列した火格子列の平面図（Ａ）と側面図（Ｂ）とを示す。
【図１９】 図１と異なる本発明の他の実施例に係るストーカ炉の全体組立図（長手断面図）を示す。
【図２０】 本発明の参考例に係るストーカ炉の先端突起無し及び先端突起付を交互に配列した火格子列の平面図（Ａ）と側面図（Ｂ）とを示す。
【図２１】 従来のストーカ炉の全体組立図（長手断面図・火格子背面傾斜角度２０°）を示す。
【図２２】 従来のストーカ炉の火格子駆動系の組立図（長手断面図・火格子背面傾斜角度２０°）を示す。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a stoker furnace for burning incinerated materials applied to incineration processing and thermal recycling of waste, solid fuel, sludge, etc., and in particular, has a grate inclined at a predetermined angle in the direction of transporting waste incinerated materials. The present invention relates to a stoker furnace for burning incinerated materials such as garbage.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Combustion equipment at the waste incineration facility includes a stoker type, fluidized bed type, rotary furnace type, etc., and is selected according to the quality of the waste, the size of the incinerator, and the like. Various types of stoker systems have been devised for the purpose of efficient incineration without sorting a large amount of waste.
For example, in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 57-127129, the stoker is constructed in a stepped manner so that the functions of drying, combustion, and post-combustion can be performed.
[0003]
The configuration of such a prior art will be described with reference to FIG. 21. Reference numeral 17 denotes a dust supply device, in which a feed table 5 is installed below the waste input hopper 1 and the input chute 2, and the reciprocating feeder 3 on the table is used. The garbage 11 is supplied to the grate 7.
The stoker 6 is installed on the downstream side of the dust supply device 17.
In the stalker 6, drying, combustion, and post-combustion stalkers 6 are arranged stepwise from the upstream side, and the drop between the stalkers 6 is set to 100 ± 300 mm, similarly to the height of the feed table 5.
[0004]
As shown in FIG. 22, each stalker has a staircase shape in which fixed grate stages 16 and moving grate stages 15 are alternately arranged, and each moving grate row per stage is connected to a single connecting rod 9A. It is driven by a hydraulic cylinder 9. Moreover, the wind box 10 of the combustion primary air 13 for each stage of the stoker is constituted by one for each stage. The operation element of the stalker 6 is operated by operating only one control element for each stage. One series of combustion primary air amount control, one series of combustion air temperature control, and one agitation control of dust by reciprocating movement of the moving grate 15 Equipped with a series.
The installation angle of the stoker 6 is set to 0 °, the inclination angle of the back of the grate with respect to the surface of the stalker 6 is set to about 20 ° (the inclination angle of the back of the grate with respect to the horizontal plane), and the stroke of the moving grate 15 is set to about 450 ± 50 mm. .
[0005]
In such a conventional stoker furnace, in the case of municipal waste combustion, the bulk specific gravity is 0.1 to 0.3 t / m.^Three When a certain amount of waste is supplied to the input hopper 1, the dust is consolidated in the chute 2 and has a bulk specific gravity of 0.4 t / m.^Three Compressed to the extent. Garbage pushed out onto the feed table 5 is cut out by the reciprocating feeder 3 by 100 to 300 mm per stroke and supplied onto the stoker 6.
The waste 11 supplied on the stalker 6 is stirred and mixed by the reciprocating motion of the grate 7, while the waste is dried and burned at the feed table step, and when the dust falls on the stalker step, the waste is crushed and reversed. . Drying / combustion by contact of garbage and primary combustion air (50-280 ° C.), drying / combustion of waste by radiant heat from flame (900-1200 ° C.), stirring of garbage when moving grate 15 moves forward It is dried and burned by crushing and reversing garbage.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
However, in the conventional one control system per stage, there is a time delay from changing the set value of each control system to maintain the optimal combustion condition when there is a sudden change in dust quality until returning to the optimal combustion state. there were. Especially when large lump or high-calorie waste is thrown in, the dust layer under the feed table or under the stoker step becomes thin, the surface of the grate is exposed to flame, and the grate due to spalling, thermal shock, etc. The surface may be thermally damaged. In addition, the drying and gasification of the dust in the thin part of the dust layer progresses and blow-through occurs. In this part, the air temporarily becomes excessive, and in other parts, the air is insufficient and the combustion is delayed, so the combustion per stage of the stoker In the case of an incinerator equipped with a boiler, fluctuations in the properties of the exhaust gas, a decrease in incineration ash, and an increase in the amount of boiler evaporation occurred.
[0007]
In order to avoid these effects, it is better that the time required for returning to the optimum combustion state after the fluctuation of the combustion field occurs is shorter, but in a conventional stoker furnace, the recovery due to the fluctuation of the combustion field is necessary. It takes about 10 minutes or more, and when the fluctuation is large, the recovery time may take 30 minutes or more.
[0008]
In addition, the average LHV of municipal waste discharged from cities due to the recent increase in the calories of waste has increased to about 2,000 kcal / kg, compared with 1,000 kcal / kg in the 1960s. Some of the highest planned waste quality exceeds 3,000 kcal / kg. Some RDFs that use waste as fuel have an LHV of 3,000 to 5,000 kcal / kg. When such flammable waste is burned in a stoker furnace, there is little water in the waste, Because of the fast drying, gasification and ignition of the flame, the propagation of the flame is fast, the volume reduction rate due to the combustion of the waste is fast, and the blow-through is likely to occur. In conventional stokers, the agitation power of garbage and ash is not sufficient, and blow-through occurs, resulting in fluctuations in combustion, the amount of exhaust gas, and the amount of harmful substances contained. For this reason, in high-calorie waste-compatible stokers, waste is immediately agitated and smoothed after it is put on the stoker from the feed table, the agitation frequency is increased during drying and combustion, and blow-off is prevented with strong agitation power. It is necessary to achieve stable combustion and prevent damage to the grate.
If the dust on the stoker can be completely burned within a certain moving distance even if the dust on the stoker is transported at the same speed as the flame propagation speed by improving the stirring power of the grate, the residence time of the dust on the stoker is short. Can be an efficient and compact incinerator.
[0009]
Furthermore, the guidelines for the prevention of dioxins generated by the Ministry of Health and Welfare in December 1990 set forth strict standards for all newly established continuous furnaces. In order to always operate the incinerator under ideal conditions that satisfy this regulation value, it is indispensable to maintain optimum combustion conditions.
In addition, when considering the compliance with strict slag elution standards such as the existing soil environment standards by volume reduction detoxification by complete melting of incinerated ash discharged from the stoker and reuse of molten slag for aggregates, etc. In order to always obtain stable slag properties, it is desirable that the properties of the incinerated ash used as a raw material are also stable. For this purpose, it is necessary to maintain optimum combustion conditions for waste on a stoker.
[0010]
Furthermore, in the case of an incinerator with a boiler, an increase in boiler efficiency associated with higher temperature and pressure of boiler steam is also required to improve the energy recovery rate from waste by thermal recycling. Due to the stability of the amount of exhaust gas and temperature, it is required to change the boiler evaporation amount from about ± 10% to ± 5%.
[0011]
Therefore, the annual waste incineration amount exceeds 300 ton / unit in the stoker furnace which is the main power of thermal recycling that uses more than 50 million tons of general waste annually by incineration to reduce the volume of waste by incineration. Large-scale furnaces can be constructed, and improving their performance is a social responsibility. Specifically, it is required to solve the following problems.
[0012]
1. Reducing costs by reducing the size of large furnaces by improving the agitation power of waste and ash on the stoker
2. Preventing grate damage when burning high-calorie waste
3. Prevention of clinker from adhering to the inner wall of high calorie waste
4). Reduction of harmful substances contained in exhaust gas at incinerator outlet
5). Extending grate life by preventing dust from getting into the grate
6). Linkage of incinerator and ash melting furnace system
7). Increase the temperature and pressure of boilers using residual heat from incinerators
The basis for achieving such an important mission is to improve the stirring power of the stoker, which is the basic aim of the present invention.
[0013]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
  The invention according to claim 1 is an incinerator combustion stoker furnace that performs dry combustion while supplying an incineration object such as garbage onto a stoker composed of a fixed grate and a moving grate from a feed table.
  The number of stalker stages from the stalker inlet side to the outlet end from the feed table end side to the incinerator discharge port after combustion is determined.In one rowIn addition to setting, the stoker installation angle from the end of the feed table to the incinerator discharge port after combustion is set to 10 ° to 20 ° so as to be directed upward in the conveyance direction of the incinerator, and the grate inclination angle is set thereon. ButGreater than the stoker installation angleArranged so that the angle is 20 ° to 30 °, and the back inclination angle of the grate provided on the stokerIncineration on top of grateA steep slope equal to or greater than the angle of repose of ash and in the direction of incinerationGreater than the grate inclination angleIt is characterized by being configured to face upward by 30 ° to 50 °.
  Thus, as described in detail later, the present invention reduces the back slope angle of the grate.Incineration on top of grateSince the steep slope is set to be equal to or greater than the angle of repose of ash, the burned ash near the stoker can be efficiently mixed with the unburned waste above.
  The reason why the upper limit of the back inclination angle of the grate is set to 50 ° is that if it is set to be equal to or greater than this angle, the stroke of the grate becomes short and a predetermined conveying force cannot be obtained.
[0014]
  And in the present invention, the number of stages of the stoker isIn one rowIt is set.
  As disclosed in FIG. 21, the prior art is formed in a three-step staircase to cope with an increase in size, but if it is formed in a staircase, a joint portion between the steps is provided separately. Although this is disadvantageous in terms of structure, according to the present invention, it is only necessary to add a row of stokers, and since there is no step in the height direction, a compact configuration is possible.
  In addition, in the conventional technology, when lump or high-calorie waste is added, the dust layer under the stoker step becomes thinner, and heat damage on the grate surface and drying / gasification of the dust in the thin part of the dust layer progresses. Blow-out occurs, and air is temporarily excessive in this part, and air is insufficient in other parts, so combustion is delayed, affecting the combustion of the stoker, and there are effects such as fluctuations in exhaust gas properties and deterioration of incineration ash. However, this is not the case with the present invention.
[0015]
  According to the present invention, in addition to the above effects, the number of stages of the stoker is particularly reduced.In one rowIn the case of setting, by setting the stoker installation angle upward by about 10 ° to 20 °, a sufficient convection time for the combusted material can be secured, and more complete combustion becomes possible.
[0016]
  The invention according to claim 2 specifies the stoker furnace for burning incinerated objects according to claim 1, and the grate group of the stoker is at the tip.Two mountains or a long mountain with a flat topThe movable grate with protrusions and the fixed grate without protrusions are alternately arranged in the left-right direction,The incineration object can be produced while causing a difference in thrust force depending on the presence or absence of protrusions.It is configured to be transportable.
  On the moving grateTwo peaks at the tip or a long peak with a flat topBy providing the protrusions, ash and garbage can be mixed efficiently by pushing up and returning the grate.
  In this case,A grate group in which the front inclination angle with respect to the vertical line of the stoker is set in the range of 42 ° to 60 ° is at the tip.A mountain or a mountain with a flat topThe movable grate with protrusions and the fixed grate without protrusions are alternately arranged in the left-right direction,Configured to be able to transport the incineration object while causing a difference in thrust force depending on the presence or absence of protrusions,Furthermore, the stroke of the moving grate should be 220 mm or more.
[0017]
The invention according to claim 5 further specifies the incinerator combustion stoker furnace according to claim 1, 2, or 3, and the grate group of the stoker has a grate (particularly a moving grate) provided with a protrusion at the tip. ) And a grate (particularly a moving grate) not provided with protrusions are arranged alternately in the left-right direction so that the incinerated object can be conveyed while causing a difference in push-up force depending on the presence or absence of the protrusion.
According to this invention, mixing and diffusion in the left-right direction occurs, and effective mixing can be achieved.
In addition, when the upper limit of the back inclination angle of the grate is set to 50 °, the stroke of the moving grate is shortened. (If the moving grate is stroked so as not to exceed the fixed grate tip, the angle is large. The projections cannot be made large, and the shape of the projections is a single mountain shape.
However, if the lower limit of the back inclination angle of the grate is set to 30 °, the stroke of the moving grate can be lengthened, so that the projection shape can be made large. It can be a long flat mountain.
At this time, since the shape of the surface of the combusted object is a shape obtained by projecting the shape of the stalker portion, it can be made smoother as the number of peaks increases.
The projection shape is more likely to be non-uniformly mixed as the surface unevenness increases, but such a problem can be solved by adopting the above-described configuration.
[0018]
  BookThe invention makes it possible to control the waste layer thickness and ash layer thickness in accordance with the volume reduction of waste in each process of drying, pyrolysis, gasification combustion, and post-combustion of waste on the stoker. The wind box below the grate group to be configured is divided into a plurality of dust flow directions, and an independent grate drive system is attached to each wind box, preferably, the front of the stoker vertical line A grate group with an inclination angle set in the range of 42 ° -60 ° is at the tip.A mountain or a mountain with a flat topA moving grate provided with protrusions and a fixed grate not provided with protrusions are alternately arranged in the left-right direction.
  This makes the stoker1 stageEven when configured in this manner, the functions of drying, combustion, and post-combustion can be performed.
[0020]
Next, the effect obtained by the powerful stirring force against dust and ash on the grate by the reciprocating grate of the stoker obtained in the present invention will be described in detail.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the strong stirring force for dust and ash on the grate by the reciprocating grate of the stoker according to the present invention is obtained by utilizing the slip angle and the repose angle of the ash by the weight of the garbage. To do.
The slip angle by the dead weight of trash and the angle of repose of ash are 30 to 35 °. The conventional stoker furnace is configured such that the installation angle of the stoker is 0 ° or downwards in a stepped manner, and therefore the inclination angle of the back surface of the grate relative to the stoker surface is about 20 °. In other words, the inclination angle of the rear surface of the grate (= stalker installation angle + grate inclination angle) is 20 ° or less with respect to the horizontal plane, and it is more inclined than the slip angle due to the dead weight of the garbage and the ash repose angle of 30 to 35 °. When the grate was reciprocated loosely, the dust and ash deposited on the grate moved only by the reciprocating movement of the grate.
[0021]
  In the present invention, the inclination angle of the back of the grate30-50 ° preferablyIt is characterized by a steep slope of about 40 °. That is, the inclination angle of the back of the grate (= stalker installation angle + grate inclination angle) is steeper than the repose angle of the incinerated ash deposited on the grate upper part with respect to the horizontal plane, and the dead weight of the garbage. The slope is steeper than 30 to 35 ° which is the sliding angle.
  When the moving grate is reciprocated under these conditions, the ash deposited on the grate is pushed up, the angle of repose is broken, diffuses to the front, back, left and right, and the dust in the upper layer of the ash is also diffused and mixed so that it is involved in the ash diffusion. To do. This stirring force is enhanced 1.5 to 2 times by attaching a protrusion to the tip of the grate.
[0022]
  MoveIf a protrusion is attached to the tip of the grate, dust and ash are pushed up more effectively on the back side of the fixed grate when moving forward, and return garbage and ash are pushed up on the front side of the fixed grate when moving backward. And mixing by drawing to the front side of the moving grate is more effectively performed.
  Furthermore, if the rows with protrusions and the rows without protrusions are arranged alternately in the horizontal direction, due to the difference in the push-up force due to the presence or absence of the protrusions, the dust and ash that are pushed up on the back side of the fixed grate during the advancement are the rows with the protrusions Diffusion in the left-right direction occurs toward the row that is not, and when moving backward, the dust and ash pushed up on the front side of the fixed grate diffuses in the left-right direction from the row with projections to the row that does not have protrusions. Dust and ash are diffused in the left-right direction from the row without projections to the row with protrusions by pulling in the front side.
[0023]
Therefore, according to the present invention, the back slope of the grate is greater than the repose angle of the ash, so that the ash avalanche phenomenon can be effectively performed, and the waste supplied from the feeder is moved up and down, front and rear, left and right by the reciprocating movement of the moving grate. While mixing and mixing three-dimensionally in the direction, it can be leveled to an appropriate dust layer thickness. While transporting waste from the upstream side of the stoker to the downstream side by the reciprocating motion of the moving grate, the waste is dried, pyrolyzed, gasified and post-combusted using the air supplied from the wind box under the stoker.
[0024]
  At this timeBookAs in the invention, the stoker installation angle is upward toward the direction of waste flow.10 ° -20 °By inclining, the residence time of the waste can be ensured for a long time, and stirring and mixing can be sufficiently performed. Residual distribution after waste burning on the stalker is discharged by the reciprocating motion of the moving grate from the rear end of the stalker.
[0025]
Further, according to the present invention, waste on the stoker promotes heat transport, mass transfer, phenomenon / reaction in the course of processing, thereby improving processing efficiency. That is, by promoting three-dimensional stirring and mixing and blowing in uniform air or the like penetrating the grate, complete combustion of the waste on the stoker can be achieved, and the furnace can be made compact.
In this case, in order to maximize the processing efficiency in each process of drying, pyrolysis, gasification combustion, and post-combustion of waste on the stoker, the volume of waste in each process is reduced in order to make the stoker as compact as possible. Therefore, it is necessary to control the thickness of the waste layer and the thickness of the ash layer and to promote stirring of the heat source. For this purpose, it is preferable to divide the wind box below the stoker into a plurality of dust flow directions, and attach one independent grate drive system to each wind box.
[0026]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the dimensions, materials, shapes, relative arrangements, and the like of the components described in this embodiment are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention unless otherwise specified, but are merely illustrative examples. Only.
The basic configuration of the embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 16. Reference numeral 17 denotes a dust supply device. A feed table 5 is installed below the dust input hopper 1 and the input chute 2. The reciprocating feeder 3 supplies the garbage 11 to the grate 7.
The structure of the dust supply device is as shown in Table 1.
[0027]
That is, the number of stages of the reciprocating feeder is 1 to 6, and the stroke of the reciprocating feeder is 0 to 2,000 mm (about 100 to 300 mm during normal operation). The driving method of the reciprocating feeder is a hydraulic cylinder and a hydraulic motor. Smooth drive is possible with a low-speed (0 to 100 mm / sec stepless or stepwise variable speed), high-output condition drive machine represented by an electric cylinder, an electric linear motor, or the like.

Desirably, the type without protrusions and the type with protrusions are properly used depending on the properties of dust and the like.
[0028]
[Table 1]

[0029]
The stoker 6 is installed on the downstream side of the dust supply device 17.
The stalker 6 sets the number of stalker stages from the stalker inlet side to the outlet end from the end side of the feed table 5 to the incinerated object discharge port 12A after combustion, and also sets the stoker installation angle to convey the incinerated object. The fixed grate stage 16 and the movable grate stage 15 are alternately arranged so as to be upward about 10 ° in the direction.
[0030]
In addition, the grate inclination angle is arranged to be upward by 20 to 30 ° in the conveying direction of the incineration object, and as a result, the rear inclination angle of the grate 7 is arranged to be upward by about 30 to 40 ° in the conveyance direction. It may be done.
The stoker 6 according to the present embodiment supplies dust and the like onto the grate 7 with a reciprocating feeder on the feed table, and the residual ash and the like after burning on the grate 7 is discharged from the rear end of the stoker 6.
The installation angle of the stoker 6 is set to 0 ° (horizontal) to 20 ° (upward), preferably 10 °.
The grate inclination angle with respect to the 6 surfaces of the stalker is set to 20 ° to 40 ° (upward), preferably 20 ° to 30 °.
[0031]
Desirably, the inclination angle of the rear surface of the grate (= installation angle of the stoker 6 + grating inclination angle) with respect to the horizontal plane is steeper than 30 to 35 ° which is the repose angle of the incinerated ash deposited on the upper portion of the grate 7. Yes, 30 to 50 °, preferably about 30 to 50 °.

[0032]

The structure of such a stoker is shown in Table 2.
[0033]
[Table 2]

[0034]
As shown in FIG. 18, the stoker 6 is arranged in such a manner that a grate row without projections 8 and a grate row with projections 8 are alternately arranged in the longitudinal direction in the flow direction of dust or the like on the stoker 6. Configure the entire surface.
[0035]
The moving grate 15 is driven by a low speed (0 to 100 mm / sec continuously variable or stepped variable speed), high output condition drive machine represented by a hydraulic cylinder, hydraulic motor, electric cylinder, electric linear motor, etc. Smooth drive is possible.
The operation of the grate 15 is performed manually / automatically / remotely / with garbage combustion control, etc., such as ON / OFF operation and continuously variable speed.
[0036]
Although the stoker 6 of this embodiment is composed of one stage, the drive cylinder and the like are divided into 1 drive system to 15 drive systems, and preferably independently for each section of the wind box 10 below the grate 15. It is preferable to attach one drive system.
The wind box 10 supplies primary air for combustion, exhaust gas recirculation gas, oxygen-enriched air, single (pure) or mixed gas and steam for drying, pyrolysis / combustion, etc. from the bottom of the grate 7 into the furnace. The grate 7 is configured to be supplied through the side surface / front surface of the grate 7 or through a slit / hole or pore penetrating the grate 7.
[0037]
The number of divisions of the air box 10 is 1 to 15 along the conveying direction. Preferably, even when the stoker 6 is configured in a single stage, a plurality of air boxes 10 are attached, and drying, pyrolysis, and gasification combustion are performed.・ Distribute air etc. according to each treatment process such as post combustion, etc. in the furnace.
In the width direction of the wind box 10, either an integral type or a divided type may be used.
[0038]
The structure of the wind box 10 shown in FIG.
[0039]
[Table 3]

[0040]
The grate 7 group is divided into four as shown in Table 3 along the direction of incinerated material conveyance by the wind box 10 disposed below, and for each divided moving grate 15. It is configured to be driven by one hydraulic cylinder 9 via a connecting rod 9A.
[0041]
Accordingly, the operating elements of the stoker 66 are operated by operating only one control element in each wind box 10 unit. Therefore, since there are four wind boxes 10, the combustion primary air amount control series, the combustion air temperature control series Thus, there are four series of garbage agitation control by the reciprocating motion of the moving grate 157, respectively.
[0042]
According to such an embodiment, it is possible to obtain stable steady combustion in which irregular fluctuations are suppressed.
For example, the thickness of the dust layer, ash layer, etc. formed on the stoker 6 is about 50 to 1,500 mmt on average. The residence time of garbage, ash, etc. on the stalker 6 is about 10 to 150 minutes on average.
In order to maximize the processing efficiency in each process of drying, pyrolysis, gasification combustion, and post-combustion of waste on the stoker 6, in order to make the stoker 6 as compact as possible, the volume of waste in each process is reduced. It is necessary to control the thickness of the combined dust layer and ash layer and to promote the stirring of the heat source. For this purpose, as shown in FIG. 1, the wind box 10 below the stalker 6 is divided into a plurality of garbage flow directions, and one independent grate 15 and 16 drive system is attached to each wind box 10. Good.
[0043]
The treated products used in this example are represented by waste represented by municipal waste and industrial waste, recycled products represented by solid fuel such as RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel), sludge, sewage, etc. Products mixed with the aforementioned substances to be processed, etc. Ingredients: raw materials such as paper, plastic, wood, rubber, materials, semi-finished products, products, recycled products, waste, etc., LHV = 0-12 Even a thing of about 000 kcal / kg (low heating value) can be incinerated sufficiently.
Then, the above-described method for treating the waste on the stoker 6 is to dry the above-mentioned waste, etc., pyrolyze the volatile matter in the combustible component, gasify and burn it, and solid-combust the fixed carbon component in the combustible portion. , Residual ash, etc. are discharged.
[0044]
Table 4 shows the cross-sectional shape of the grate 7 with a grate 7 inclination angle of 30 ° upward and a grate 7 backside inclination angle of 40 °, and corresponds to FIGS.
[0045]
[Table 4]

[0046]
In FIG. 2, both the moving grate 15 and the fixed grate 16 have triangular projections 8 at their tips, and their detailed shapes are shown in FIGS.
In this embodiment, when the moving grate 15 stroke is 360 mm and the grate height is 130 mm, the shape of the projection 8 is set such that the projection 8 formation start end is 90 mm from the grate tip, and the projection 8 height The height of the projection 8 is set to 57 °, the front surface inclination angle is set to 52 °, and the rear surface inclination angle is set to 5 °.
FIG. 4 shows types of the shape of the tip protrusion 8, and each of the protrusion 8 shapes of a large right triangle shape, a trapezoidal shape, a round shape with a semicircular cross section, and a chamfered shape is disclosed.
[0047]
5 to 7 show a side view of one of the grate rows without the tip projection 8 of the stoker furnace applied to FIG. 1, and FIG. 5 is a diagram in which the corner of the grate is cut in a substantially horizontal direction. The inclination angle of the front end of the grate is set to 52 °, and the inclination angle of the cut portion is set to 85 °. The cut height is set to (130-75) mm.
FIG. 6 shows a case where the tip corner of the grate is slightly chamfered in an R shape, and FIG. 7 shows a case where the grate is formed in an R shape with a large curvature. The thickness is set to 130 mm.
[0048]
Then, the grate with the tip protrusion 8 shown in FIGS. 3 to 4 and the grate 7 without the tip protrusion 8 shown in FIGS. 5 to 7 are appropriately selected and alternately arranged in the horizontal direction, and the stoker furnace shown in FIG. Thus, it is possible to form a stoker furnace with seven rows of grate in which no tip projections 8 and tip projections 8 are alternately arranged. In the figure, (A) is a plan view and (B) is a side view.
[0049]
Table 5 shows the cross-sectional shape of the grate 7 with a grate inclination angle of 20 ° upward and a grate backside inclination angle of 30 °, and corresponds to FIGS.
[0050]
[Table 5]

[0051]
FIG. 8 shows that both the movable grate 15 and the fixed grate 16 have a double projection 8 at the tip. In this embodiment, when the height of the grate is 130 mm, the projection 8 The shape is set such that the starting end of the two protrusions 8 is 150 mm from the tip of the grate, the height of the protrusion 8 is 40 mm, the protrusion 8 tip angle is 75 °, the front inclination angle is 42 °, 60 °, and the rear inclination angle. Is set to 15 °.
In FIG. 9, the starting end of the two protrusions 8 is set at a position 156 mm from the tip of the grate, the height of the protrusion 8 is 40 mm, the protrusion 8 tip angle is 74 °, the front inclination angle is 42 °, and the rear inclination angle is 32 °. Is set.
[0052]
10 to 12 show the types of the shape of the tip protrusion 8. FIG. 10 shows the protrusions 8 of a large trapezoidal shape, a small trapezoidal shape, and a chamfered trapezoidal shape. FIG. FIG. 12 discloses the shape of each of the projections 8 of the mold and the front round shape, and FIG. 12 shows the shape of each of the projections 8 of the large double mountain shape, the small double mountain shape, and the two round shapes.
13 to 15 show a side view of one of the grate trains without the tip projection 8 of the stoker furnace, and FIG. 13 is a diagram in which the tip corners of the grate are cut slightly in the forward tilt direction. The tip front end inclination angle is set to 42 °, and the inclination angle of the cut portion is set to 75 °. The cut height is set to (130-75) mm.
FIG. 14 shows a case where the tip corner of the grate 7 is slightly chamfered in an R shape, and FIG. 15 shows a case where the grate 7 is formed in an R shape with a large curvature. The front end height is set to 130 mm.
[0053]
FIG. 19 shows an overall assembly diagram of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention different from that in FIG. 1. To explain the difference from the embodiment in FIG. 1, the reciprocating feeder 3 has a two-stage configuration, The stoker 6 is composed of one stage, but the wind box 10 is divided into five in the transport direction. The drive cylinder 9 is not mounted as an independent drive system for each wind box 10, but a drive system is provided for each of the plurality of wind boxes 10.
[0054]
  In FIG. 20, the stoker 6 has a two-stage configuration.referenceThis is an example, and the stoker 6 from the end side of the feed table 5 to the incinerated object discharge port 12A after combustion is configured in two stages, and the back inclination angle of the grate 7 is upward by 30 to 50 ° in the conveying direction of the incinerated object It is arranged to become.
  The wind box 10 is divided into two first-stage stokers 6 to provide two wind boxes 10, and the second-stage stoker 6 is provided with one wind box 10. The drive cylinder 9 is attached as an independent drive system for each stage.
[0055]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, the grate burning rate (waste incineration amount to about 10,000 t / day / furnace) is improved and 250 kg / m is obtained due to strong dust / ash stirring force.² hAchieved above (400kg / m for high calorie waste)² h or more).
Further, according to the present invention, it is possible to achieve the conventional 1.5 to 2 times or more by devising the grate back inclination angle and the grate tip protrusion 8 shape.
Furthermore, according to the present invention,Re-Even when burning garbage, securing a proper dust layer and ash layer prevents damage to the grate and eliminates clinker adhesion due to uniform combustion in the furnace.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is an overall assembly diagram (longitudinal sectional view / grate back tilt angle 40 °) of a stoker furnace according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 2 shows a first assembly diagram (longitudinal sectional view / grating back inclination angle 40 °) of the grate drive system of the stoker furnace applied to FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a side view of a grate row with a tip protrusion of a stoker furnace applied to FIG. 2 (grate back side inclination angle 40 °).
FIG. 4 shows a side view of various grate tip protrusion shapes of the stoker furnace applied to FIG. 2 (grate back side inclination angle 40 °).
FIG. 5 shows a side view (grate back inclination angle 40 °) of one of the grate rows without a tip protrusion of the stoker furnace applied to FIG. 1;
6 shows a side surface (grate back inclination angle 40 °) of a grate row (square shape) without a tip protrusion of the stoker furnace applied to FIG. 1;
FIG. 7 shows a side view (grate back tilt angle 40 °) of a no-protrusion grate row (round shape) of a stoker furnace applied to FIG. 1;
FIG. 8 shows a side view of a grate row with tip protrusions of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention (grate backside tilt angle 30 °).
FIG. 9 is a side view of a grate train with tip protrusions of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention (grate back tilt angle 30 °).
FIG. 10 is a side view of various grate tip protrusion shapes of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention (grate back inclination angle 30 °).
FIG. 11 is a side view of various grate tip protrusion shapes of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention (grate back side inclination angle 30 °).
FIG. 12 is a side view of various grate tip protrusion shapes of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention (grate back inclination angle 30 °).
FIG. 13 is a side view of a grate row without a tip protrusion of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention (grate back tilt angle 30 °).
FIG. 14 shows a side view (grate back inclination angle 30 °) of a no-protrusion grate row (square shape) of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 15 shows a side view of a grate row (round shape) without a tip protrusion of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention (grate back inclination angle 30 °).
FIG. 16 shows an overall assembly view (bird's eye view) of a stoker furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention corresponding to FIG. 1;
FIG. 17 is a bird's eye view of a grate with a tip protrusion corresponding to FIG. 2;
FIG. 18 shows a plan view (A) and a side view (B) of a grate array in which no tip protrusions and with tip protrusions of a stalker furnace according to an embodiment of the present invention are alternately arranged.
FIG. 19 is an overall assembly view (longitudinal sectional view) of a stoker furnace according to another embodiment of the present invention different from FIG.
FIG. 20 shows the present invention.referenceThe top view (A) and side view (B) of the grate row | line | column which alternately arranged the tip no protrusion of the stalker furnace which concerns on an example, and a tip protrusion are arranged.
FIG. 21 is an overall assembly diagram of a conventional stoker furnace (longitudinal sectional view / grating back tilt angle 20 °).
FIG. 22 shows an assembly drawing (longitudinal sectional view / grating back inclination angle 20 °) of a grate driving system of a conventional stoker furnace.

Claims (3)

In a stoker furnace for burning incinerators that performs dry combustion while supplying incinerators such as garbage on a stalker consisting of a fixed grate and a moving grate from the feed table,
The number of stalker stages from the stalker inlet side to the outlet end from the feed table end side to the incinerated waste outlet after combustion is set to one stage, and from the feed table end side to the incinerated waste outlet after combustion. The stoker installation angle is set to 10 ° to 20 ° so as to face upward in the conveying direction of the incinerated object, and the grate inclination angle is further arranged to be 20 ° to 30 ° larger than the stoker installation angle. large becomes 30 ° from the grate inclination angle in the conveying direction of the angle of repose equal to or more steep in and be incinerated incineration ash rear inclination angle deposited grate top grate provided on the stoker A stoker furnace for burning incinerated materials such as waste, which is configured to face upward by 50 °. The stoker's grate group consists of a moving grate provided with protrusions with two peaks or a long peak with a flat top and a fixed grate without protrusions alternately arranged in the left-right direction, and the thrust force due to the presence or absence of protrusions The stoker furnace for burning an incinerated object according to claim 1, wherein the incinerated object can be conveyed while causing the difference. A grate group in which a front inclination angle with respect to the vertical line of the stoker is set in a range of 42 ° to 60 ° is a moving grate provided with a mountain-like projection having two peaks or a long peak with a flat top at the tip. 3. The incineration object combustion according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the fixed grate having no protrusions is arranged alternately in the left-right direction so that the incineration object can be conveyed while causing a difference in push-up force depending on the presence or absence of the protrusions. Stalker furnace.

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