CN116293693B - Grate type incinerator and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Grate type incinerator and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN116293693B CN116293693B CN202310114551.XA CN202310114551A CN116293693B CN 116293693 B CN116293693 B CN 116293693B CN 202310114551 A CN202310114551 A CN 202310114551A CN 116293693 B CN116293693 B CN 116293693B
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- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 39
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 27
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 229910000599 Cr alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000788 chromium alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 abstract description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 23
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 17
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 17
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 12
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 7
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003111 delayed effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- -1 on one hand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
- F23G5/04—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment drying
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/08—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating
- F23G5/14—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor having supplementary heating including secondary combustion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/44—Details; Accessories
- F23G5/46—Recuperation of heat
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H13/00—Grates not covered by any of groups F23H1/00-F23H11/00
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
- F23H17/00—Details of grates
Abstract
The invention discloses a grate type incinerator, which comprises a grate type incinerator body positioned at one side of a garbage pool, wherein a waste heat boiler is arranged at one side of the incinerator body, and a grate formed by a plurality of fixed grate pieces and movable grate pieces is arranged at the bottom of the incinerator body; the movable fire grate on the fire grate is sequentially circulated along the garbage conveying direction into a forward pushing fire grate and a reverse pushing fire grate. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the grate type incinerator, which comprises the steps of welding a furnace body, a furnace beam and a support frame of the incinerator to form a primary frame; the fixed fire grate pieces are welded and fixedly connected to the furnace beam, the movable fire grate pieces are welded and fixedly connected to the connecting rods, the connecting rods are welded and fixedly connected with the piston rods of the oil cylinders, and the oil cylinders are welded and fixedly arranged on the outer side surfaces of the support frames; the movable fire grate and the fixed fire grate are welded together before being provided with a grooving process or an indentation and grooving process. The invention can decompose and disperse garbage, strengthen the tumbling and stirring of the garbage, and well ensure the burning rate of the garbage incineration.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a grate type incinerator and a preparation method thereof.
Background
The grate type garbage incinerator has the following advantages: most of solid garbage can be directly fed into a furnace for combustion without pretreatment; the appearance of the grate type incinerator is to realize more tumbling stirring of garbage in the incineration process, realize better incineration, the prior art has an improvement scheme of adopting forward pushing drying and reverse pushing combustion burnout modes in order to strengthen the effect, but garbage put into the incinerator cannot be uniformly dispersed on a grate, the garbage is difficult to disperse and decompose even through forward pushing grate pieces or reverse pushing grate pieces or even through the improved prior art scheme (namely forward pushing drying and reverse pushing combustion burnout), and the situation that garbage is not well combusted exists in agglomeration exists. No solution to this problem is found in the prior art, more still starting from a forward or reverse-push incinerator itself, as in the patent publication CN 107687645B: the utility model provides a movable grate support frame is arranged to movable reverse push type household garbage incineration grate structure, including movable stove range, fixed furnace range, the shielding plate, lower part fire grate flat board, the fire grate support, the shielding plate has been arranged in the incinerator front portion, lower part fire grate flat board has been arranged in the incinerator rear portion, the hydro-cylinder is arranged in the incinerator front portion, the fire grate actuating beam is connected with movable fire grate beam, the fire grate sets up on movable fire grate beam, movable fire grate support frame has been arranged under the movable fire grate beam, the slide is arranged on the movable fire grate support frame, install the piston rod in the hydro-cylinder, the piston rod is connected with the fire grate actuating beam, movable fire grate structure is arranged on the fire grate support, the shielding plate has been arranged in the incinerator front portion, lower part fire grate flat board has been arranged in the incinerator rear portion, the fire grate card is put on fixed fire grate beam. Although the strong tumbling and shearing actions of the garbage are realized and the combustion condition is improved, the tumbling stirring or shearing of the garbage in the prior art is still focused.
In addition, in the grate type incinerator, 5-10% of oxygen is needed for normal combustion of combustible gas generated by heating garbage, and the oxygen content in the air is about 21%, so that too much nitrogen oxide is generated by over combustion.
Because of high ash content and more incombustibles in the garbage of China, the damage forms of the grate segments of the grate type incinerator are mainly burning and wearing, and the damage forms comprise high-temperature corrosion (namely grain boundary corrosion); the targets currently pursued are: the cooling effect of the fire grate segments is good, and the corrosion and abrasion are less; the improvement direction is: the material is improved, or the fire grate is forced to be air-cooled or water-cooled. Patent publication No. CN 209857075U: the utility model provides a garbage incinerator air cooling turn fire grate segment, garbage incinerator air cooling turn fire grate segment includes the upper cover and supports the turn fire grate segment support of upper cover, wherein, the upper cover include the upper cover plate and set up in first gusset and the multiunit first fin of upper cover plate below, turn fire grate segment support include the baffle and set up in second gusset and multiunit second fin of baffle inboard. The upper cover plate, the first ribs, the baffle plate and the second ribs can be made of different materials, so that the wear resistance function of the air cooling turning fire grate can be guaranteed, the air cooling effect of the first ribs and the second ribs is enhanced, but the air cooling effect of the first ribs and the second ribs is made of different materials, on one hand, composite casting is needed, on the other hand, the processing is complex, and the heat expansion coefficients are different due to the fact that the materials are different, so that the service life is not long.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to overcome the defects in the prior art, and provides a grate type incinerator which can realize the extrusion of garbage in the left-right direction, better decompose and disperse the garbage and strengthen the incineration effect. The invention circularly arranges the forward pushing fire grate segments and the reverse pushing fire grate segments, enhances the tumbling and stirring of the garbage, realizes better drying and burning effects, and well ensures the burning rate of garbage burning.
In order to achieve the aim, the technical scheme of the invention is to design a grate type incinerator, which comprises a grate type incinerator body positioned at one side of a garbage pool, wherein a waste heat boiler is arranged at one side of the incinerator body, a grate consisting of a plurality of fixed grate pieces and movable grate pieces is arranged at the bottom of the incinerator body, and the grate gradually inclines downwards along the garbage pool towards the waste heat boiler;
the movable fire grate on the fire grate is sequentially circulated along the garbage conveying direction into a forward pushing fire grate and a reverse pushing fire grate. A feed inlet is arranged on one side of the furnace body close to the garbage pool and is used for a garbage crane to grab garbage in the garbage pool and then put the garbage into the grate type incinerator; in some schemes, a push rod for assisting intermittent feeding is arranged in the furnace body, so that the input garbage is gradually and uniformly placed in the incinerator, then reaches a drying section in a grate, then gradually conveys the garbage to a combustion section and a burnout section along with the movement of a movable grate sheet (conveying and burning at the same time), air supply is realized under the grate through an air supply pipe (which can be an air supply pipe connected with an oxygen source or an air source, and a gas eduction pipe connected with the upper part of a waste heat boiler is used for realizing secondary combustion of combustible gas generated by heating the garbage) so as to realize combustion or drying, the slag of incombustible matters at the tail end of the burnout section is discharged to a slag extractor from the downstream end of the burnout section, the slag extractor is connected with a belt conveyor, an ash pool is arranged at the tail end of the belt conveyor, and the ash pool is loaded onto a transport truck through a loader and then transported to a landfill site through the transport truck. The forward pushing fire grate segments and the reverse pushing fire grate segments are circularly arranged, so that the tumbling stirring of garbage is enhanced, better drying and burning effects are realized, and the burning rate of garbage burning is well ensured.
The further technical proposal is that the grate is sequentially provided with a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section along the conveying direction; each of the three sections of the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section is provided with a plurality of forward pushing fire grate segments and reverse pushing fire grate segments along the garbage conveying direction. Although the condition of the prior art of grate partition is still adopted, namely, a drying section, a combustion section and a burnout section are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction, each of the three sections is provided with a plurality of forward pushing grate segments and reverse pushing grate segments which are continuously and circularly arranged, so that the tumbling and stirring of garbage can be enhanced, the drying effect and the combustion effect are enhanced, and the burning rate of garbage burning is ensured.
The other technical proposal is that the fire grate is sequentially provided with a combined section and a burnout section along the conveying direction, and each combined section comprises a forward pushing fire grate segment and a reverse pushing fire grate segment. The forward pushing section and the reverse pushing section are arranged in a circulating way at intervals, so that forward pushing drying and reverse pushing combustion are sequentially and circularly arranged along the conveying direction, drying is performed while combustion is performed, and the effect of rolling and stirring is enhanced due to the sequential arrangement of forward pushing and reverse pushing, so that advanced combustion (compared with the prior art of drying before combustion) can be realized, and the forward-most combustion reverse pushing area can be set as a pre-combustion area after the forward-most combustion reverse pushing area is arranged, partial oxygen is firstly introduced (the generation of nitrogen oxides caused by excessive oxygen is avoided), and the pre-combustion is realized.
The further technical scheme is that the upper part of the waste heat boiler is provided with a gas eduction tube, the other end of the gas eduction tube is connected with the boiler body, the joint of the gas eduction tube and the boiler body is positioned at the combustion chamber of the boiler body, and the combustion chamber is positioned above the grate. Because the oxygen quantity is mainly concentrated in the reverse pushing combustion section to meet the combustion, the 300-400 ℃ air with 8-10% of oxygen content in the upper part of the waste heat boiler is led out and used as an oxygen source for secondary combustion of combustible gas generated by heating garbage in a combustion chamber.
The further technical proposal is that the fixed fire grate segments and the movable fire grate segments are all overlapped; the fixed fire grate segments are fixedly connected to the furnace beam which is fixedly connected to the supporting frame; the movable fire grate piece is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, is connected with the furnace beam in a sliding way, and is connected with a piston rod of the oil cylinder in a driving way;
the movable fire grate segment also comprises a transverse extrusion fire grate segment for extruding garbage or decomposing garbage, and the movement direction of the transverse extrusion fire grate segment is vertical to the movement direction of the forward pushing fire grate segment. The piston rod of the oil cylinder is fixedly connected with a driving beam of the movable fire grate sheet, the driving beam is in sliding connection with the furnace beam, and the movable fire grate sheet is fixedly connected with the driving beam. The horizontal extrusion fire grate segments perpendicular to the conveying direction of the garbage are arranged, extrusion of the garbage is realized while forward pushing or reverse pushing, extrusion and dispersion of agglomerated garbage are formed, decomposition of the garbage is realized, the garbage is ensured to be more uniformly dispersed on the fire grate, the combustion effect is enhanced, the hot burning rate of garbage burning is ensured, partial agglomeration of massive garbage on partial fire grate segments is avoided due to the fact that the garbage is more dispersed, the condition that the thickness of the garbage on partial fire grate segments is larger (and the thickness of the garbage layer is also related to burning rate) is avoided, and the burning rate of the fire grate segments can be delayed.
The further technical proposal is that the transverse extrusion fire grate segments are formed into a pair and are arranged at two sides of the garbage conveying direction; the head of the forward pushing fire grate piece points to one side of the furnace body close to the waste heat boiler; the head of the reverse pushing fire grate piece points to one side of the furnace body close to the garbage pool. The head of the reverse pushing fire grate piece points upwards, namely the side of the furnace body close to the garbage pool, so that the movement direction of the garbage can be forced to be opposite to the movement direction of the garbage under the action of gravity, and the strong rolling and shearing actions of the garbage are realized.
The further technical proposal is that the transverse extrusion fire grate segments are connected with a piston rod of a transverse oil cylinder in a driving way; the transverse oil cylinder and the oil cylinder for driving the movable fire grate segments share one oil pump. The transverse extrusion fire grate segments are in driving connection with a piston rod of the transverse oil cylinder, so that the transverse extrusion fire grate segments realize the effect of dispersing or decomposing large-block agglomerated garbage under the driving of the transverse oil cylinder; the oil cylinder which is arranged horizontally and the oil cylinder which drives the movable fire grate segments share one oil pump, so that the transverse extrusion fire grate segments can simultaneously act when the fire grate segments are pushed forward or pushed backward, and the overturning, stirring and pressurizing scattering of the garbage can be realized.
The further technical proposal is that an air supply pipe connected with the flue gas air preheater is arranged below the reverse pushing fire grate segment; the air supply pipe is communicated with a branch pipe leading to the forward pushing fire grate segment. The branch pipe is provided with an intermittently started on-off valve which is intermittently started so as to mainly concentrate the oxygen amount in the reverse pushing combustion section, and intermittently supply air in the forward pushing drying section, thereby avoiding too much oxygen amount in the drying section.
The invention also provides a technical scheme that the method for preparing the grate incinerator comprises the following process steps in sequence:
s1: welding a furnace body, a furnace beam and a support frame of the incinerator to form a primary frame;
s2: the fixed fire grate pieces are welded and fixedly connected to the furnace beam, the movable fire grate pieces are welded and fixedly connected to the connecting rods, the connecting rods are welded and fixedly connected with the piston rods of the oil cylinders, and the oil cylinders are welded and fixedly arranged on the outer side surfaces of the support frames;
s3: fixedly and hermetically connecting a gas eduction tube and an air supply tube on the furnace body;
in the step S2, a grooving working procedure or an indentation and grooving working procedure is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the movable fire grate piece and the fixed fire grate piece, which are far away from the garbage, before the movable fire grate piece and the fixed fire grate piece are welded;
the open groove is a round groove; the indentation process or grooving process is a process of alternately indentation or grooving the whole bottom surface of each movable grate segment or fixed grate segment. The curvature of the open circular groove is small, so that the surface area of the bottom surface of the fire grate segment is increased, the heat radiation ratio meter during forced air cooling is enhanced, and the air cooling effect is enhanced. The cooling effect of the fire grate segment is good, and the corrosion abrasion is less.
The further technical proposal is that the movable fire grate segments and the fixed fire grate segments are made of steel plates, and high chromium alloy wear-resistant layers are deposited on the steel plates;
the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer deposited on the movable grate plate is made of different materials from a deposited welding wire used for the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer deposited on the fixed grate plate;
the material of the surfacing welding wire used for surfacing the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer on the upper surface of the movable grate segment, which is close to the two end parts along the garbage conveying direction, is different from the material of the surface of the middle part of the movable grate segment. Q235 or Q245 is adopted for the steel plate; the hardness phases are distributed on the matrix of the fire grate segments by overlaying the steel plate so as to better cope with the problems that the fire grate segments of the fire grate type incinerator in China are mainly worn or burnt out and damaged at present; because the movable fire grate plate is more easy to wear, the build-up welding wire on the movable fire grate plate is more wear-resistant, and the chromium alloy content is higher. Because the parts, close to the two ends, of the upper surface of the movable fire grate segment frequently slide relative to the fixed fire grate segment, the middle surface of the movable fire grate segment is formed by overlaying welding wires with better wear resistance on the middle surface of the movable fire grate segment.
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that: although the condition of the prior art of grate partition is still adopted, namely, a drying section, a combustion section and a burnout section are sequentially arranged along the conveying direction, each of the three sections is provided with a plurality of forward pushing grate segments and reverse pushing grate segments which are continuously and circularly arranged, so that the tumbling and stirring of garbage can be enhanced, the drying effect and the combustion effect are enhanced, and the burning rate of garbage burning is ensured.
The forward pushing section and the reverse pushing section are arranged in a circulating way at intervals, so that forward pushing drying and reverse pushing combustion are sequentially and circularly arranged along the conveying direction, drying is performed while combustion is performed, and the effect of rolling and stirring is enhanced due to the sequential arrangement of forward pushing and reverse pushing, so that advanced combustion (compared with the prior art of drying before combustion) can be realized, and the forward-most combustion reverse pushing area can be set as a pre-combustion area after the forward-most combustion reverse pushing area is arranged, partial oxygen is firstly introduced (the generation of nitrogen oxides caused by excessive oxygen is avoided), and the pre-combustion is realized.
Because the oxygen quantity is mainly concentrated in the reverse pushing combustion section to meet the combustion, the 300-400 ℃ air with 8-10% of oxygen content in the upper part of the waste heat boiler is led out and used as an oxygen source for secondary combustion of combustible gas generated by heating garbage in a combustion chamber.
The horizontal extrusion fire grate segments perpendicular to the conveying direction of the garbage are arranged, extrusion of the garbage is realized while forward pushing or reverse pushing, extrusion and dispersion of agglomerated garbage are formed, decomposition of the garbage is realized, the garbage is ensured to be more uniformly dispersed on the fire grate, the combustion effect is enhanced, the hot burning rate of garbage burning is ensured, partial agglomeration of massive garbage on partial fire grate segments is avoided due to the fact that the garbage is more dispersed, the condition of larger garbage thickness on partial fire grate segments is avoided, and the burning rate of the fire grate segments can be delayed.
The head of the reverse pushing fire grate piece points upwards, namely the side of the furnace body close to the garbage pool, so that the movement direction of the garbage can be forced to be opposite to the movement direction of the garbage under the action of gravity, and the strong rolling and shearing actions of the garbage are realized.
The transverse extrusion fire grate segments are in driving connection with a piston rod of the transverse oil cylinder, so that the transverse extrusion fire grate segments realize the effect of dispersing or decomposing large-block agglomerated garbage under the driving of the transverse oil cylinder; the oil cylinder which is arranged horizontally and the oil cylinder which drives the movable fire grate segments share one oil pump, so that the transverse extrusion fire grate segments can simultaneously act when the fire grate segments are pushed forward or pushed backward, and the overturning, stirring and pressurizing scattering of the garbage can be realized.
The branch pipe is provided with an intermittently started on-off valve which is intermittently started so as to mainly concentrate the oxygen amount in the reverse pushing combustion section, and intermittently supply air in the forward pushing drying section, thereby avoiding too much oxygen amount in the drying section.
The surface area of the bottom surface of the fire grate is increased, the heat radiation ratio meter during forced air cooling is enhanced, and the air cooling effect is enhanced. The cooling effect of the fire grate segment is good, and the corrosion abrasion is less.
The hardness phases are distributed on the matrix of the fire grate segments by overlaying the steel plate so as to better cope with the problems that the fire grate segments of the fire grate type incinerator in China are mainly worn or burnt out and damaged at present; because the movable fire grate plate is more easy to wear, the build-up welding wire on the movable fire grate plate is more wear-resistant, and the chromium alloy content is higher. Because the parts, close to the two ends, of the upper surface of the movable fire grate segment frequently slide relative to the fixed fire grate segment, the middle surface of the movable fire grate segment is formed by overlaying welding wires with better wear resistance on the middle surface of the movable fire grate segment.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing an operation state of a first embodiment of a fire grate type incinerator according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of the portion of the grate type incinerator of FIG. 1;
fig. 3 is a schematic view showing a specific structure of the incinerator of fig. 1;
FIG. 4 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion of FIG. 3;
fig. 5 is a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of the present invention.
In the figure: 1. a garbage pool; 2. a furnace body; 3. a waste heat boiler; 4. fixing the fire grate segments; 5. a movable fire grate segment; 6. pushing the fire grate segments forward; 7. pushing the fire grate segment reversely; 8. a drying section; 9. a combustion section; 10. a burnout section; 11. a gas eduction tube; 12. a combustion chamber; 13. a furnace beam; 14. a support frame; 15. an oil cylinder; 16. transversely extruding fire grate segments; 17. a horizontal cylinder; 18. a flue gas air preheater; 19. an air supply pipe; 20. a branch pipe; 21. a slag extractor; 22. a belt conveyor; 23. an ash pond; 24. a loader; 25. a transport truck; 26. a driving rod; 27. a connecting rod; 28. a rack; 29. a gear; 30. bevel gears; 31. a pocket plate; 32. a side plate; 33. and extruding the rod.
Detailed Description
The following describes the embodiments of the present invention further with reference to the drawings and examples. The following examples are only for more clearly illustrating the technical aspects of the present invention, and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment one:
as shown in fig. 1 to 4 (for convenience of illustration, fig. 3 shows only one horizontal cylinder and a corresponding pair of horizontal extrusion fire grate segments), the invention is a fire grate type incinerator, comprising a fire grate type incinerator body 2 positioned at one side of a garbage pool 1, a waste heat boiler 3 is arranged at one side of the furnace body 2, a fire grate consisting of a plurality of fixed fire grate segments 4 and movable fire grate segments 5 is arranged at the bottom of the furnace body 2, and the fire grate gradually inclines downwards along the garbage pool 1 towards the direction of the waste heat boiler 3; the movable fire grate 5 on the fire grate is sequentially circulated along the garbage conveying direction into a forward pushing fire grate 6 and a reverse pushing fire grate 7. The grate is sequentially provided with a drying section 8, a combustion section 9 and a burnout section 10 along the conveying direction; each of the three sections, namely the drying section 8, the combustion section 9 and the burnout section 10, is provided with a plurality of forward pushing fire grate segments 6 and reverse pushing fire grate segments 7 along the garbage conveying direction. The upper part of the waste heat boiler 3 is provided with a gas eduction tube 11, the other end of the gas eduction tube 11 is connected with the furnace body 2, the joint of the gas eduction tube 11 and the furnace body 2 is positioned at a combustion chamber 12 of the furnace body 2, and the combustion chamber 12 is positioned above the grate. The fixed fire grate segments 4 and the movable fire grate segments 5 are all overlapped; the fixed fire grate segments 4 are fixedly connected to the furnace beams 13, and the furnace beams 13 are fixedly connected to the supporting frame 14; the movable fire grate segment 5 is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, the movable fire grate segment 5 is in sliding connection with the furnace beam 13, and the movable fire grate segment 5 is in driving connection with a piston rod of the oil cylinder 15; slag of incombustible matter at the end of the burnout section is discharged from the downstream end of the burnout section to a slag extractor 21, the slag extractor 21 is connected with a belt conveyor 22, the end of the belt conveyor is provided with an ash pond 23, and the ash pond 23 is loaded onto a transport truck 25 through a loader 24 and then transported to a landfill through the transport truck.
The movable fire grate segment 5 also comprises a transverse extrusion fire grate segment 16 for extruding garbage or decomposing garbage, and the movement direction of the transverse extrusion fire grate segment 16 is perpendicular to the movement direction of the forward pushing fire grate segment 6. The transverse extrusion fire grate segments 16 are formed into a pair and are arranged at two sides of the garbage conveying direction; the head of the forward pushing fire grate segment 6 points to one side of the furnace body 2 close to the waste heat boiler 3; the head of the reverse pushing fire grate segment 7 points to one side of the furnace body 2 close to the garbage pool 1. The transverse extrusion fire grate segment 16 is in driving connection with a piston rod of a transverse oil cylinder 17; the transverse oil cylinder 17 and the oil cylinder 15 driving the movable fire grate segment 5 share one oil pump. An air supply pipe 19 connected with a flue gas air preheater 18 is arranged below the reverse pushing fire grate segment 7; the air supply pipe 19 is communicated with a branch pipe 20 leading to the forward pushing fire grate segment 6.
A method for preparing a grate-type incinerator, comprising the following process steps carried out in sequence:
s1: welding the furnace body 2, the furnace beam 13 and the support frame 14 of the incinerator to form a primary frame;
s2: the fixed fire grate segments 4 are welded and fixedly connected to the furnace beams 13, the movable fire grate segments 5 are welded and fixedly connected to the connecting rods, the connecting rods are welded and fixedly connected with the piston rods of the oil cylinders 15, and the oil cylinders 15 are welded and fixedly arranged on the outer side surfaces of the supporting frames 14;
s3: fixedly and hermetically connecting the gas eduction tube 11 and the air supply tube 19 to the furnace body 2;
in the step S2, a grooving process or an indentation and grooving process is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the movable fire grate segment 5 and the fixed fire grate segment 4, which are far away from the garbage, before the movable fire grate segment 5 and the fixed fire grate segment 4 are welded;
the open groove is a round groove; the impressing process or grooving process is a process of impressing or grooving the whole bottom surface of each movable fire grate segment 5 or the fixed fire grate segment 4 at intervals. The movable fire grate segments 5 and the fixed fire grate segments 4 are made of steel plates, and high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layers are deposited on the steel plates in a overlaying manner; the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer deposited on the movable grate segment 5 is different from the material of a deposited welding wire used for the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer deposited on the fixed grate segment 4; the high chromium alloy wear-resistant layer deposited on the upper surface of the movable fire grate 5 near the two ends along the garbage conveying direction is made of a material different from the material deposited on the middle surface of the movable fire grate 5.
Embodiment two:
the difference with the first embodiment is that, as shown in fig. 5, the transverse extrusion fire grate segment is fixedly connected with the driving rod 26, and the driving rod is connected with the connecting rod 27 of the forward pushing fire grate segment or the reverse pushing fire grate segment (namely, the movable fire grate segment) through a transmission mechanism, so that the movable fire grate segment extrudes garbage while reciprocating sliding along the garbage conveying direction, the garbage is better decomposed or deconstructed, the garbage is better matched with the arrangement of the forward pushing fire grate segment, namely, the reverse pushing fire grate segment, the effect of overturning, stirring, extruding, decomposing and scattering the garbage is realized in the incinerator, the problems of too thick part of garbage layer on the fire grate segment, accelerating burning loss rate and the like are avoided, the garbage is better dispersed, part of garbage agglomeration is avoided, and the combustion effect is better.
The transmission mechanism comprises a rack 28 which is integrally or fixedly arranged on the connecting rod, a gear 29 meshed with the rack, a bevel gear 30 of a bevel gear set coaxially and fixedly connected with the wheel shaft of the gear, and the rotation axis of the wheel shaft of the other bevel gear of the bevel gear set (the wheel shaft is connected with the incinerator beam or the supporting frame through a connecting piece such as a connecting block, the wheel shaft is rotationally connected with the connecting piece; the wheel shaft of the bevel gear is fixedly provided with another gear meshed with the gear, and the rack is fixedly connected with the driving rod 26) and the sliding direction of the transverse extrusion fire grate piece are the same. (in order to ensure the stability of the movement of the driving rod and the connecting rod, grooves for sliding the driving rod or the connecting rod are arranged on the furnace body, which are not repeated in the prior art)
The transverse extrusion fire grate segments are fixedly provided with pocket plates 31 for preventing overflow from front to back in the garbage conveying direction during extrusion, each transverse extrusion fire grate segment is provided with two pocket plates, and the distance between the two pocket plates is matched with the width of one movable fire grate segment;
the transverse extrusion fire grate segment comprises a side plate 32 arranged at one side of the garbage conveying direction, a plurality of extrusion rods 33 are fixedly connected to the side plate (the shortest distance between the extrusion rods and the fire grate can be properly selected to ensure better extrusion and garbage dispersion), the lengths of the extrusion rods are different, and the sum of the lengths of a pair of extrusion rods which are oppositely arranged on the transverse extrusion fire grate segment and arranged in pairs is equivalent to the width of the movable fire grate segment. The two side surfaces of the pocket plate are fixedly connected with the side plates which are arranged oppositely on the transverse extrusion fire grate segments in pairs.
The foregoing is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and it should be noted that it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that several modifications and variations can be made without departing from the technical principle of the present invention, and these modifications and variations should also be regarded as the scope of the invention.
Claims (5)
1. The grate type incinerator is characterized by comprising a grate type incinerator body positioned at one side of a garbage pool, wherein a waste heat boiler is arranged at one side of the incinerator body, a grate consisting of a plurality of fixed grate pieces and movable grate pieces is arranged at the bottom of the incinerator body, and the grate gradually inclines downwards along the garbage pool towards the waste heat boiler;
the movable fire grate pieces on the fire grate are sequentially circulated along the garbage conveying direction into forward pushing fire grate pieces and reverse pushing fire grate pieces;
the grate is sequentially provided with a drying section, a burning section and a burnout section along the conveying direction; each of the three sections of the drying section, the combustion section and the burnout section is provided with a plurality of forward pushing fire grate segments and reverse pushing fire grate segments along the garbage conveying direction;
the fixed fire grate segments and the movable fire grate segments are all overlapped; the fixed fire grate segments are fixedly connected to the furnace beam which is fixedly connected to the supporting frame; the movable fire grate piece is fixedly connected with the connecting rod, is connected with the furnace beam in a sliding way, and is connected with a piston rod of the oil cylinder in a driving way;
the movable fire grate segment also comprises a transverse extrusion fire grate segment for extruding garbage or decomposing garbage, and the movement direction of the transverse extrusion fire grate segment is vertical to the movement direction of the forward pushing fire grate segment;
the transverse extrusion fire grate segments are formed in pairs and are arranged at two sides of the garbage conveying direction; the head of the forward pushing fire grate piece points to one side of the furnace body close to the waste heat boiler; the head of the reverse pushing fire grate piece points to one side of the furnace body close to the garbage pool.
2. The grate type incinerator according to claim 1, wherein a gas outlet pipe is arranged at the upper part of the waste heat boiler, the other end of the gas outlet pipe is connected with the incinerator body, the connection part of the gas outlet pipe and the incinerator body is located at a combustion chamber of the incinerator body, and the combustion chamber is located above the grate.
3. The fire grate type incinerator according to claim 1, wherein the transverse extrusion fire grate segments are in driving connection with a piston rod of a transverse oil cylinder; the transverse oil cylinder and the oil cylinder for driving the movable fire grate segments share one oil pump.
4. A method for preparing the grate type incinerator according to claim 2, which comprises the following process steps carried out in sequence:
s1: welding a furnace body, a furnace beam and a support frame of the incinerator to form a primary frame;
s2: the fixed fire grate pieces are welded and fixedly connected to the furnace beam, the movable fire grate pieces are welded and fixedly connected to the connecting rods, the connecting rods are welded and fixedly connected with the piston rods of the oil cylinders, and the oil cylinders are welded and fixedly arranged on the outer side surfaces of the support frames;
s3: fixedly and hermetically connecting a gas eduction tube and an air supply tube on the furnace body;
in the step S2, a grooving working procedure or an indentation and grooving working procedure is arranged on the bottom surfaces of the movable fire grate piece and the fixed fire grate piece, which are far away from the garbage, before the movable fire grate piece and the fixed fire grate piece are welded;
the open groove is a round groove; the indentation process or grooving process is a process of alternately indentation or grooving the whole bottom surface of each movable grate segment or fixed grate segment.
5. The method for preparing a fire grate type incinerator according to claim 3, wherein the movable fire grate segments and the fixed fire grate segments are made of steel plates, and a high chromium alloy wear-resistant layer is deposited on the steel plates;
the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer deposited on the movable grate plate is made of different materials from a deposited welding wire used for the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer deposited on the fixed grate plate;
the material of the surfacing welding wire used for surfacing the high-chromium alloy wear-resistant layer on the upper surface of the movable grate segment, which is close to the two end parts along the garbage conveying direction, is different from the material of the surface of the middle part of the movable grate segment.
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| CN202310114551.XA CN116293693B (en) | 2023-02-15 | 2023-02-15 | Grate type incinerator and preparation method thereof |
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| CN116293693A (en) | 2023-06-23 |
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