CN102017167B - 具有波长转换体的光检测器 - Google Patents

具有波长转换体的光检测器 Download PDF

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CN102017167B
CN102017167B CN200980115256.4A CN200980115256A CN102017167B CN 102017167 B CN102017167 B CN 102017167B CN 200980115256 A CN200980115256 A CN 200980115256A CN 102017167 B CN102017167 B CN 102017167B
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C·马蒂尼
B·阿克曼
M·萨尔斯布里
H-H·贝希特尔
M·海德曼
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种包括光敏元件(101)和布置于光敏元件前面的波长转换体(103)的光检测器,该波长转换体被配置成将第一波长的光转换成第二波长的光并且将第二波长的光引向光敏元件。第二波长取决于光敏元件的光敏响应具有改进特性时所在的波长。优点在于可以提供在整个可见光谱内的稳定读取。

Description

具有波长转换体的光检测器
技术领域
本发明涉及光检测器。
背景技术
例如包括光电二极管或者光电阻器作为光敏元件的已知光检测器通常具有由相应依赖于波长的光响应确定的波长特有特性。具体而言,光检测器可以实施于发光二极管布置的通量反馈路径中用于感测发光器件发射的光。
通量反馈控制有望在将来实施于广泛的色控多发光二极管(LED)产品中。为了控制发射的光,需要例如在宽的频率和/或温度范围内具有稳定特性的光检测器。通量反馈信号可以用来监视温度和老化引起的LED通量减少。因此有必要具有如下光检测器,该光检测器具有相对于温度和老化而言稳定的光响应。然而光谱测量表明:多数硅光检测器具有在蓝色和红外线区段中与温度高度地相关的光响应,而在绿色和红色区段中分别获得可接受的温度响应。
图7示出了硅光电二极管由光电二极管在参考温度(这里为25℃)的光谱响应规范化的与温度相关的光谱光响应。在图7中,参考标号701描绘了在25℃与温度的相关性,参考标号703描绘了在40℃与温度的相关性,参考标号705描绘了在60℃与温度的相关性,参考标号707描绘了在80℃与温度的相关性,参考标号709描绘了在100℃与温度的相关性,而参考标号711描绘了在120℃与温度的相关性。
如图7中所示,温度引起的灵敏度变化在450nm具有最大减少量,该波长450nm大致地对应于在如下多LED系统中常用的品蓝LED发射器的典型发射波长,这些多LED系统使用品蓝LED或者依赖于品蓝LED作为抽运LED的荧光剂转换的白色LED。WO2007/007238A1公开了这样的概念用于转换LED中的光。
在经由通量反馈来进行色控制的多原色系统中,在室温的校准步骤将色串的输出通量与在校准期间同时测量的光响应信号关联。如果传感器的光响应与温度相关,则校准关系在感兴趣的温度、例如在80℃将不再成立,80℃在工作的灯中是预期的。在图7的例子中,针对蓝光的灵敏度与针对绿/红光的灵敏度之比随温度变化。因此,通量反馈系统将在较高温度具有与绿色和红色信号相比过低的蓝色信号,这将造成系统随温度的色点漂移。纠正这些误差需要测量传感器的温度并且使用与它特有的与温度相关的灵敏度特性有关的信息。
图6针对图7中考虑的光检测器示出了作为温度函数的绝对光谱灵敏度,该光检测器为硅光检测器。如图6中所示,传感器的灵敏度一般在蓝色区段中比在绿色和红色区段中更低。这对于如图5中所示实际系统而言是重要的,在这些系统中传感器连接到跨导放大器和分辨率有限的AD转换器。
图5示出了具有光电二极管501、反馈电阻器503、运算放大器505和AD转换器507的典型传感器-跨导-AD-转换器信号链。
AD转换器507输出针对某一个电压输入范围具有给定位分辨率的线性信号,并且选择反馈电阻器使得所得最大信号适合于某个范围内以获得该信号的最佳可能分辨率。由于传感器的灵敏度在蓝色区段中低得多,所以针对该信号将在红色串接通并且选择反馈电阻器以向AD转换器输出适当输入信号时实现最大信号。由于该信号对于蓝色串接通的情况将低得多,所以用于蓝色信号的分辨率将欠佳,并且这可能造成通量反馈系统中的色控不准确。可以在感测不同色通道之时引入可切换的反馈电阻器以针对每个色串将供给AD转换器的输入信号取为良好值,但是这明显增添系统复杂性和成本。又一问题在于难以预测特定光电二极管的表现。上述切换需要与光电二极管在操作温度将如何表现有关的精确知识。如果已知该表现,则可以容易校准光电二极管。
因此一种在可见光谱区段中有更均匀灵敏度的传感器将有助于所有色串的更可靠和简单的通量感测。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提高已知光检测器的效率。
这一目的由独立权利要求的特征实现。在从属权利要求中具体说明有利实施例。
本发明基于如下发现:当将波长转换体放置于光检测器如光电二极管或者光电阻器前面以便将第一波长的光转换成光检测器具有改进的光响应特性时所在的第二波长的光时可以增加光检测器的效率。
本发明涉及一种包括光敏元件和布置于光敏元件前面的波长转换体的光检测器,该波长转换体被配置成将第一波长的光转换成第二波长的光并且将第二波长的光引向光敏元件。例如,第一波长可以比第二波长更短。另外,第一波长可以布置于第一频带内,第二波长可以布置于第二频带内,其中第一和第二频带相对于彼此移位。
根据本发明的第一方面,第二波长取决于光敏元件的光响应具有改进特性时所在的波长,该改进特性具体为比光敏元件在第一波长的光响应有所提高的温度稳定性和/或增加的光响应值。
根据一个实施例,光敏元件为光传感器、具体为光电阻器或者光电二极管,或者为光敏层、具体为硅层或者硫化镉层或者锗层或者砷化镓铟层或者硫化铅层。
根据一个实施例,波长转换体包括波长转换材料、具体为荧光剂材料或者无机荧光剂材料或者量子点阵或者纳米晶体,其关联优点在于可以精确地确定抽运波长。
根据一个实施例,第一波长与蓝光关联,第二波长与红光或者绿光或者琥珀光关联。
本发明还涉及一种用于光传感器的可附着波长转换体。该可附着波长转换体包括用于附着到光传感器的可附着元件,该可附着元件包括用于将第一波长的光转换成第二波长的光的波长转换体。
根据一个实施例,波长转换体包括波长转换材料、具体为无机荧光剂材料。
根据一个实施例,第一波长与蓝光关联,第二波长与红光或者绿光或者琥珀光关联。
本发明还涉及一种包括光敏元件以及可附着波长转换体的光检测器,其中光敏元件具体为光电二极管或者光电阻器。
本发明还涉及一种发光二极管布置、具体为LED灯,该布置包括用于发光的至少一个发光二极管和布置于发光二极管布置的通量反馈路径中的光检测器。第二波长取决于光敏元件的光响应具有改进特性时所在的波长,该改进特性具体为比光敏元件在第一波长的光响应有所提高的温度稳定性和/或增加的光响应值。
本发明还涉及一种包括光检测器的多色发光器件,该光敏元件感测以第二波长从波长转换体撞击的第一光分量和以第二波长直接撞击光敏元件而不穿过波长转换体的第二光分量。根据又一方面,多色发光器件可以包括多个光检测器,各光检测器具有与不同波长关联的波长转换体。
附图说明
将参照以下附图描述本发明的更多实施例:
图1示出了光检测器;
图2示出了传感器板,其中波长转换体附着于光检测器前面;
图3示出了在将蓝光转换成琥珀光的荧光剂Lumiramic材料上入射的蓝光所经历的波长移位;
图4a示出了如下系统的绝对光谱响应的与温度相关的曲线图,在该系统中波长转换体附着于光检测器前面;
图4b示出了如下系统以它在25℃的参考温度的响应为参照的与温度相关的相对光谱响应,在该系统中波长转换体附着于光检测器前面;
图5示出了光检测系统的框图;
图6示出了硅光电二极管的光谱灵敏度;以及
图7示出了硅光电二极管的相对光谱光响应与温度的相关性。
具体实施方式
图1示出了光检测器,该光检测器具有布置于光敏元件103前面的波长转换体101。波长转换体101可以包括荧光剂材料或者任何其它波长转换材料。光敏元件103可以是光电二极管或者光电阻器的光敏层。根据一个实施例,光敏元件103可以是光电二极管或者光电阻器。
波长转换体101例如在蓝光到达光敏元件103的敏感区之前或者在它到达光敏元件103之前将它转换成更高波长。例如,波长转换体可以包括用于光转换的随温度稳定的光转换荧光剂材料。优选地,将光转换到如下波长区段中,光敏元件103的光响应在该波长区段中比在蓝色区段中的光响应更稳定并且具有更高值。
根据一个实施例,不同荧光剂材料可以用于将来自例如蓝色区段的光转换成例如绿色和/或琥珀色区段中的更高波长。
优选地,波长转换体101用来覆盖如下传感器,这些传感器使得能够维持发射的光不变,其中在光检测器将接收的光变换成光检测器具有不同特性时所在的另一波长。例如,光转换材料可以吸收蓝光并且至少部分地以更高波长将转换的光重新发射到光检测器即光传感器的活跃区域中。因此,光检测器与波长的相关性变平。
另外,波长转换体101可以包括例如在100℃以下随温度很稳定的荧光剂材料。这带来传感器温度稳定性提高。
根据一个实施例,波长转换体101可以形成为可以附着于例如普通光检测器前面的单独元件。例如,这样的波长转换体可以包括密度与晶体材料的密度相比在百分之九十五以上的陶瓷荧光板,比如例如将蓝光转换到琥珀色区段中的Lumiramic板,例如图2中所示,该图示出了波长转换体可以被布置成形成在光电二极管上面布置的Lumiramic板。
图3示出了来自波长转换体的发射光谱,该波长转换体包括例如布置于蓝光源上面的荧光剂层,例如150μm厚度的琥珀色Lumiramic板。如图3中的箭头所示,将蓝光转换成琥珀色。
图4A和图4B示出了荧光剂-光电二极管系统的测量的所得光谱光敏度。图4A示出了如下系统的与温度相关的光谱光敏度,该系统包括布置于光电二极管上的琥珀色Lumiramic波长转换体,其中以开尔文为单位给出温度。图4B示出了所得光检测器布置在不同温度的变化,该布置包括光电二极管和布置于光电二极管上面的充当波长转换体的琥珀色Lumiramic板。曲线401示出了在25℃的变化,曲线403示出了在40℃的变化,曲线405示出了在60℃的变化,曲线407示出了在80℃的变化,曲线409示出了在100℃的变化,而曲线411示出了在120℃的变化。
当比较图4A和图4B中所示结果与图6和图7中所示曲线时证明光电二极管的性能显著提高。具体而言,在450nm的蓝色区段中的灵敏度已经提高,这在与未使用荧光剂波长转换体时蓝色与红色的灵敏度之比为PS(450nm)/PS(630nm)=0.17相比时获得PS(450nm)/PS(630nm)=0.53。
另外,与温度相关的灵敏度下降在可见光谱范围内接近均匀并且在从25℃加热至80℃时减少至最大值3%。在无例如包括荧光剂材料的波长转换元件时,光谱灵敏度针对相同光检测器和相同温度变化在450nm减少8%。
测量表明本发明的光电二极管器件在宽温度范围内稳定,这是通过例如用蓝光转换荧光剂材料例如Lumiramic覆盖光检测器而实现的。因此,将蓝色入射光转换成如下更长波长,硅传感器的灵敏度在该波长较高并且与温度的相关性较少。这获得针对所有温度或者波长的平坦光谱光响应。
光检测器在蓝色区段中的提高效率提供LED在这一区段中发射的光量的测量准确性增加。因此即使少量光也可以通过测量来高效地捕获。因而,本发明方式也可以用于控制多色LED的颜色,该多色LED包括与不同波长关联(例如与不同光谱如红色、绿色或者蓝色(RGB)关联)的不同LED的阵列。出于这样的目的,与某种光如红色关联的光检测器可以与将另一种光如绿色或者蓝色转换成某种光的波长转换体结合使用。另外,可以使用具有对应采用的波长转换体的多个光检测器。

Claims (9)

1.一种光检测器,包括:
光敏元件(101);以及
波长转换体(103),布置于所述光敏元件(101)前面,具体地直接施加到所述光敏元件(101),所述波长转换体(103)被配置成将第一波长的光转换成第二波长的光并且将所述第二波长的光引向所述光敏元件(101),
所述第二波长取决于所述光敏元件(101)的光响应具有改进特性时所在的波长,所述改进特性具体为比所述光敏元件(101)在所述第一波长的光响应有所提高的温度稳定性或者增加的光响应值,其中所述光敏元件感测以所述第二波长从所述波长转换体撞击的第一光分量和以所述第二波长直接撞击所述光敏元件而不穿过所述波长转换体的第二光分量。
2.根据权利要求1所述的光检测器,所述光敏元件(101)为光传感器、具体为光电阻器或者光电二极管,或者为光敏层、具体为硅层或者硫化镉层或者锗层或者砷化镓铟层或者硫化铅层。
3.根据任一前述权利要求所述的光检测器,所述波长转换体(103)包括波长转换材料、具体为无机荧光剂材料或者量子点阵或者纳米晶体。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的光检测器,所述第一波长与蓝光关联,所述第二波长与红光或者绿光或者琥珀光关联。
5.一种用于附着到光传感器的可附着波长转换体,所述可附着波长转换体包括:
可附着元件,用于附着到所述光传感器,所述可附着元件包括用于将第一波长的光转换成第二波长的光的波长转换体,所述波长转换体具体包括无机荧光剂或者量子点阵或者纳米晶体,所述第二波长取决于光敏元件的光响应具有改进特性时所在的波长,所述改进特性具体为比所述光敏元件在所述第一波长的光响应有所提高的温度稳定性或者增加的光响应值,其中所述光敏元件感测以所述第二波长从所述波长转换体撞击的第一光分量和以所述第二波长直接撞击所述光敏元件而不穿过所述波长转换体的第二光分量。
6.根据权利要求5所述的可附着波长转换体,所述第一波长与蓝光关联,所述第二波长与红光或者绿光或者琥珀光关联。
7.一种光检测器,包括:
光敏元件,具体为光电二极管或者光电阻器;以及
根据权利要求5至6所述的可附着波长转换体。
8.一种发光二极管布置,包括用于发光的至少一个发光二极管以及布置于所述发光二极管布置的通量反馈路径中的根据权利要求1至4和7中的任一权利要求所述的光检测器。
9.一种多色发光器件,包括根据权利要求1至4和7中的任一权利要求所述的光检测器,各光检测器具有与不同波长关联的波长转换体。
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