CN102006997A - 纤维片材 - Google Patents

纤维片材 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102006997A
CN102006997A CN2009801136059A CN200980113605A CN102006997A CN 102006997 A CN102006997 A CN 102006997A CN 2009801136059 A CN2009801136059 A CN 2009801136059A CN 200980113605 A CN200980113605 A CN 200980113605A CN 102006997 A CN102006997 A CN 102006997A
Authority
CN
China
Prior art keywords
sheet material
fibre sheet
gauze
adhesive
bonded fabric
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
CN2009801136059A
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
宫原文夫
斎藤充范
山口南生子
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ohki Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Ohki Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ohki Co Ltd filed Critical Ohki Co Ltd
Priority to CN201310503172.6A priority Critical patent/CN103587154B/zh
Publication of CN102006997A publication Critical patent/CN102006997A/zh
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

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    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/08—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material
    • B01D39/083—Filter cloth, i.e. woven, knitted or interlaced material of organic material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B5/00—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts
    • B32B5/02—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • B32B5/06—Layered products characterised by the non- homogeneity or physical structure, i.e. comprising a fibrous, filamentary, particulate or foam layer; Layered products characterised by having a layer differing constitutionally or physically in different parts characterised by structural features of a fibrous or filamentary layer characterised by a fibrous or filamentary layer mechanically connected, e.g. by needling to another layer, e.g. of fibres, of paper
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    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/16—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres
    • B01D39/1607—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous
    • B01D39/1623—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin
    • B01D39/163—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of organic material, e.g. synthetic fibres the material being fibrous of synthetic origin sintered or bonded
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    • B65D77/00—Packages formed by enclosing articles or materials in preformed containers, e.g. boxes, cartons, sacks or bags
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
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    • D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
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    • D04H1/4374—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece using different kinds of webs, e.g. by layering webs
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Abstract

在纱布上层叠无纺织物而成的纤维片材，其中，纱布满足经纱纤度5～40旦，经纱密度40～100根/英寸，纬纱纤度5～40旦，纬纱密度20～100根/英寸；无纺织物由纤度在4.0旦以下的熔喷无纺织物、纺粘无纺织物或梳理成网无纺织物制成；纤维片材的单位面积重量为7.5～20g/m2。该纤维片材除了如纱布一样透明性、强度优异之外，还适合于粒径细微的内容物，且能以高生产率得到。

Description

纤维片材
技术领域
本发明涉及纤维片材，其适合作为红茶、绿茶等的茶包的过滤材料。
背景技术
以往，作为红茶、绿茶等的茶包等的过滤材料，使用将高熔点无纺织物层和低熔点无纺织物层层叠得到的无纺织物制过滤片材(专利文献1)、或者将尼龙纱平织得到的尼龙纱布(gauze)。无纺织物制过滤片材与尼龙纱布相比更为便宜，而得到广泛使用，但由于透明性差，存在使用者难以得知茶包内茶叶的性状的问题。
尼龙纱布的透明性优异，还具有原材料的高级感，因此适合于高品质的茶。但是，尼龙纱布的生产速度一般在1.5～2m宽度下为0.1m/分左右，与无纺织物制的片材在1～3m宽度下为100～300m/分左右相比，尼龙纱布的生产速度显著减慢，因此成本升高。
专利文献1：日本实用新案登录第2513153号公报
专利文献2：日本特开2000-128233号公报
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供新型的纤维片材，其如尼龙纱布一样透明性优异，具有高级感，同时如无纺织物制过滤片材一样可以实现高生产率。
本发明人发现，如果在纤维密度大幅降低至特定范围的纱布上层叠特定的无纺织物，则可以得到具有纱布的手感、同时与以往的无纺织物制过滤片材相比透明性和断裂强度更优异的纤维片材，且该纤维片材相对于以往的纱布可以实现显著的高生产率。
即，本发明提供纤维片材，其是在纱布上层叠无纺织物而成的纤维片材，其中，纱布满足经纱纤度5～40旦，经纱密度40～100根/英寸，纬纱纤度5～40旦，纬纱密度20～100根/英寸；无纺织物由纤度在4.0旦以下的熔喷无纺织物、纺粘无纺织物或梳理成网无纺织物(carded nonwoven fabric)制成；纤维片材的单位面积重量(目付)为7.5～20g/m2，另外，还提供由该纤维片材制成的茶包用过滤材料。
本发明的纤维片材具有由经纱和纬纱形成的纱布的手感所致的高级感。
另外，与无纺织物制过滤片材相比，具有更高的透明性。因此，如果利用用该纤维片材制作的茶包，则可以容易地观察茶包内茶叶的伸展。
另外，本发明的纤维片材与以往的无纺织物制过滤片材相比断裂强度更优异，而且与以往的尼龙纱布相比可以提高生产速度，且热密封特性和超声波密封特性也优异。因此，根据本发明的纤维片材，可以提高茶包的生产率。
具体实施方式
以下，对本发明进行详细说明。
本发明的纤维片材是在纱布上层叠无纺织物而成的片材。此处，作为纱布，在本发明的纤维片材中，从赋予作为茶包用过滤材料所必须的片材强度与理想的透明性的观点出发，使用满足经纱纤度5～40旦，经纱密度40～100根/英寸，纬纱纤度5～40旦，纬纱密度20～100根/英寸的纱布。
如果经纱或纬纱的纤度过细，则无法织造纱布，另外，也得不到用于制袋成茶包所必需的断裂强度。为了使纱布的断裂强度提高，可以提高经纱密度或纬纱密度，但如果提高它们的密度，则透明性或生产率降低。相反，如果经纱或纬纱的纤度过粗，则相对于相同的经纱密度或纬纱密度的片材，使用的纤维重量增加，与减少材料的期望相反。与此相对，在本发明中，通过使经纱和纬纱的纤度为5～40旦，优选为15～30旦，赋予本发明的纤维片材以透明性和用于制袋成茶包所必需的断裂强度。
纱布的纱密度如果过低，则纱布的织眼错离，在由纤维片材制造茶包时变得容易产生漏粉。为了消除漏粉，认为可以在纱布上厚厚地层叠无纺织物，但如果厚厚地层叠无纺织物，则透明性降低。相反，如果纱密度增大，则织造纱布会耗费时间，生产成本上升。特别是由于纬纱密度和纱布的织造速度成反比，因此只要不产生织眼错离等问题，优选降低纬纱密度。与此相对，在本发明中，通过使经纱密度为40～100根/英寸，纬纱密度为20～100根/英寸，优选使经纱密度为40～70根/英寸，纬纱密度为30～60根/英寸，可以解决由纤维片材制造的茶包的漏粉，且与以往相比，可以大幅提高透明性和生产率。更具体地，可以使100～200mm宽度的纱布的生产速度比以往的纱布抽出片材(gauze extraction sheet)更快，为0.1～0.5m/分。
应予说明，从相对于由纤维片材制造茶包的制袋填充机的纤维片材的机械适应性的观点考虑，优选经纱密度和纬纱密度相等，但纬纱密度对于纱布的生产速度有大的影响，因此只要不损害对制袋填充机的机械适应性，可以使纬纱密度比经纱密度低。
作为纱布的织造用纱的构成纤维，可以使用一般的织物用的长纤维，但从不易变色，不产生无用的溶出物的观点、以及制袋成茶包时的热密封适应性优异的观点、容易以热使纤维彼此固定而使织造不发生错离的观点考虑，适宜的是聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯等聚酯，聚丙烯、聚乙烯等聚烯烃，聚乳酸或脂肪族聚酯系或者芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维等。
而且，从使用后的废弃处理的观点考虑，适宜的是生物分解性纤维，其中，在通常的使用状况下，从加工性、耐热性以及耐久性等优异、废弃处理后被微生物迅速地生物分解的特性考虑，更适宜的是芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维。例如，作为芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维，可以列举具有包含对苯二甲酸、磺酸金属盐、脂肪族二羧酸、乙二醇和二甘醇的重复单元，酸成分中对苯二甲酸为约50摩尔％～约90摩尔％，磺酸金属盐为约0.2摩尔％～约6摩尔％，以及脂肪族二羧酸为约4摩尔％～49.8摩尔％，乙二醇成分中，乙二醇为约50摩尔％～约99.9摩尔％，以及二甘醇为约0.1摩尔％～约50摩尔％的芳香族聚酯共聚物等，具体地，可列举能获自デユポン(株)得到的アペクサ(Apexa)(注册商标)等。
纱布的织造用纱可以使用单丝、将复数根长丝加捻得到的复丝、将复数根长丝不加捻而扎束得到的纤维束、由低熔点的芯部和高熔点的鞘部制成的芯鞘型复合纱等。通过使用芯鞘型复合纱，可以使纤维彼此牢固地固定，因此可以防止纤维片材置于制袋填充机时片材的弯曲。另外，通过将复数根长丝不加捻而扎束得到的纤维束用作纬纱，可以缩短织造所需的时间。
在使用芯鞘型复合纱时，优选使芯部和鞘部的熔点差为20℃以上。例如，将熔点为200～250℃的高熔点聚乳酸用于芯部，将熔点为160～180℃的低熔点聚乳酸用于鞘部，或者将熔点为250～270℃的聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯用于芯部，将熔点为180～220℃的低熔点聚酯用于鞘部，或者将熔点为160～170℃的聚丙烯用于芯部，将熔点为135～145℃的乙烯丙烯共聚物或熔点为120～140℃的聚乙烯用于鞘部，由此可以通过热使纤维彼此固定。应予说明，纤维彼此的固定除了通过在织造完成后吹送热风来进行之外，还可以利用作为无纺织物层叠熔喷无纺织物时的热风来进行。
另一方面，与纱布层叠的无纺织物为纤度在4.0旦以下的熔喷无纺织物、纺粘无纺织物或梳理成网无纺织物。其中，从确保透明性和防止漏粉的观点考虑，无纺织物的纤度优选为3.0旦以下，更优选为2.0旦以下。另外，从通过将无纺织物的构成纤维直接排出至纱布上而使无纺织物的形成和与纱布的层叠同时进行的观点考虑，无纺织物的形态优选为熔喷无纺织物、纺粘无纺织物。
另外，如果无纺织物的构成纤维的纤度比4.0旦更大，则对于将无纺织物与上述纱布层叠，若使无纺织物的厚度为可以确保纤维片材的透明性的厚度时，该纤维片材中难以防止漏粉，但通过使无纺织物的构成纤维的纤度为4.0旦以下，则可使得无纺织物形成为能够确保纤维片材的透明性的厚度，且可以防止纤维片材的漏粉。确保该纤维片材的透明性和防止漏粉之间的平衡通过使无纺织物的构成纤维的纤度为3.0旦以下而变得更加适宜，使之为2.0旦以下则变得进一步适宜。应予说明，对于无纺织物的构成纤维的纤度，没有特别下限，只要为0.1旦以上即容易得到。
在将纱布和无纺织物层叠得到的本发明的纤维片材的表面上，纱布的构成纤维只在其织眼部分存在，与此相对，无纺织物的构成纤维却在整个层叠面均匀地存在，因此，从得到均匀的密封强度方面出发，优选无纺织物具有纤维片材的热密封性。另外，通过热封对纤维片材进行制袋时，必须使片材重叠部分的外侧层为高熔点，使内侧层为低熔点。因此，优选无纺织物的构成纤维的熔点比纱布的构成纤维的熔点更低，两者的熔点差为40℃以上。
作为设置纱布的构成纤维和无纺织物的构成纤维之间的熔点差的方法，除了使用熔点不同的纤维原材料之外，还可以列举通过使纱布的构成纤维为拉伸纤维，使无纺织物的构成纤维为未拉伸纤维，从而利用纤维结晶性的差异来设置熔点差等。
无纺织物的构成纤维的种类使用作为上述纱布织造用纱的构成纤维所示例的纤维，但适宜的是使用与纱布具有亲和性的物质。
作为纱布的构成纤维和无纺织物的构成纤维的优选的组合，例如可以列举使纱布为聚苯二甲酸乙二醇酯，无纺织物为低熔点聚酯的方案、使纱布为聚丙烯，无纺织物为乙烯聚丙烯共聚物或聚乙烯的方案、使纱布为聚乳酸，无纺织物为聚乳酸或琥珀酸系生物分解树脂的方案、使纱布为芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维(拉伸)，无纺织物为芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维(未拉伸或半拉伸)的方案等。
无纺织物的单位面积重量，从防止由纤维片材制造的茶包的漏粉的观点考虑，优选为0.5g/m2以上，但从透明性的观点考虑，优选为5g/m2以下，从两个观点考虑，更优选为1～3g/m2。
另外，在纱布上层叠无纺织物得到的本发明的纤维片材的单位面积重量从生产率、防止漏粉和透明性的观点考虑，优选为7.5～20g/m2。
由此，在向由该纤维片材制造的茶包填充茶叶的粉末时，不发生漏粉，且可以辨认茶包内的茶叶的状态。
纱布和无纺织物的层叠方法，由于纱布的生产速度比无纺织物的生产速度更低，因此优选首先制造纱布，然后将纱布与无纺织物层叠。更具体地，在预先制造的纱布之上喷涂熔融的纤维状树脂，由此将纱布与无纺织物层叠，并直接进行固定。或者为了进一步提高纱布与无纺织物的粘着强度，在纱布和无纺织物层叠后实施压花加工或压光加工。在将纱布和无纺织物层叠后直接固定时，作为茶包进行制袋并填充茶叶等的内容物后，存在该内容物贴附在无纺织物表面纤维的绒毛上，损害茶包的美观的情况，但如果实施压光加工，则可以使无纺织物表面的纤维彼此粘着而抑制绒毛产生，因此从茶包的美观的观点考虑是优选的。
应予说明，压光加工中的处理温度根据无纺织物的构成纤维而适当设定。例如，在低熔点聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯的情况中，拉伸或纤维化在约300℃下进行，为了在纱布上使该纤维层叠后固定，在约140～200℃下进行压花加工或压光加工。
这样，本发明的纤维片材相对于以往的用作茶包用过滤片材的尼龙纱布，可以以2～10倍的生产速度制造。
本发明的纤维片材，满足基于JIS L1906一般长纤维无纺织物试验方法、拉伸强度和伸长率的测定方法的断裂强度为纵向30～300N/50mm，横向20～300N/50mm，优选纵向100～300N/50mm，横向50～300N/50mm；并且满足用下式：
Lt＝Lw-Lb
(式中，Lb：在纤维片材的背面侧放置黑板时的白色光的反射率(％)，Lw：在纤维片材的背面侧放置标准白色板时的白色光的反射率(％))
算出的透明度Lt为60％以上，优选70％以上；从而兼具作为茶包用过滤片材所必须的断裂强度和期望的透明性。因此，即使置于制袋填充机，或者将表面临时粘贴的标签剥离，也不会发生断裂，并且容易辨认茶包内的内容物。
另外，由于在表面均匀地具有孔径为50～300μm，优选孔径为100～200μm的孔，因此透水性良好而不发生茶叶的漏粉等，适宜作为茶叶等的提取用过滤材料。
实施例
实施例1
(1)纤维片材的制造
用以下方式制造在纱布上层叠无纺织物的纤维片材。
纱布
·纤维原材料：芯鞘结构
芯部  聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯50％
鞘部  间苯二甲酸共聚聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯50％
·纤维密度：1.38
·纤度：25旦
·经纱密度：50根/英寸，纬纱密度：50根/英寸
无纺织物
·纤维原材料：聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯
·种类：熔喷无纺织物
·纤度：0.8旦
·单位面积重量：2g/m2
(2)评价
得到的纤维片材的单位面积重量为13g/m2。另外，具有由经纱和纬纱所形成纱布的高级的手感。
其次，该纤维片材的(a)断裂强度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布如下所示进行测定。
(a)断裂强度
根据JIS L1906一般长纤维无纺织物试验方法、拉伸强度和伸长率的测定方法进行测定。其结果为，纵向80N/50mm，横向80N/50mm。
(b)透明度
对于在纤维片材的背面放置黑板的情况和放置标准白色板的情况，分别用Macbeth分光光度计(CE-3000，Sakata Inx制)测定反射率，通过下式求出透明度Lt。
Lt＝Lw-Lb
(式中，Lb：在纤维片材的背面侧放置黑板时的白色光的反射率(％)，Lw：在纤维片材的背面侧放置标准白色板时的白色光的反射率(％))
其结果为，透明度为82％。
(c)孔径分布
通过利用泡点法(JIS K3832)的细孔径分布测定器进行测定。其结果为，具有140～200μm的孔径分布。
实施例2
(1)纤维片材的制造
用以下方式制造在纱布上层叠无纺织物的纤维片材。
纱布
·纤维原材料：聚乳酸单丝
·纤维密度：1.24
·纤度：25旦
·经纱密度：50根/英寸，纬纱密度：45根/英寸
无纺织物
·纤维原材料：聚乳酸
·种类：熔喷无纺织物
·纤度：0.6旦
·单位面积重量：2g/m2
(2)评价
得到的纤维片材的单位面积重量为12g/m2。另外，具有由经纱和纬纱所形成纱布的高级的手感。
与实施例1相同地，对该纤维片材的(a)断裂强度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布进行测定时，得到以下结果。
(a)断裂强度纵向65N/50mm，横向60N/50mm
(b)透明度85％
(c)孔径分布180～220μm
实施例3
(1)纤维片材的制造
用以下方式制造在纱布上层叠无纺织物的纤维片材。
纱布
·纤维原材料：芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维(拉伸纤维)(デユポン(株)制アペクサ)
·纤维比重：1.38
·纤度：30旦
·经纱密度：45根/英寸，纬纱密度：45根/英寸
无纺织物
·纤维原材料：芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维(未拉伸纤维)(デユポン(株)制アペクサ)
·种类：纺粘无纺织物
·纤度：3.0旦
·单位面积重量：3g/m2
(2)评价
得到的纤维片材的单位面积重量为15g/m2。另外，具有由经纱和纬纱所形成纱布的高级的手感。
与实施例1相同地，对该纤维片材的(a)断裂强度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布进行测定时，得到以下结果。
(a)断裂强度纵向70N/50mm，横向70N/50mm
(b)透明度79％
(c)孔径分布160～250μm
比较例1
与实施例1相同地，测定由聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯制成的纺粘无纺织物(单位面积重量12g/m2，纤度2旦)的(a)断裂强度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布，得到以下结果。
(a)断裂强度纵向30N/50mm，横向13N/50mm
(b)透明度57％
(c)孔径分布100～450μm
比较例2
与实施例1相同地，测定由聚丙烯、聚乙烯芯鞘复合纤维制成的干式热粘合无纺织物(单位面积重量12g/m2，纤度2旦)的(a)断裂强度、(b)透明度、(c)孔径分布，得到以下结果。
(a)断裂强度纵向50N/15mm，横向18N/15mm
(b)透明度52％
(c)孔径分布250～600μm
由以上的实施例1、2、3和比较例1、2可知，根据将纱布与无纺织物层叠的本发明的纤维片材，在与只由无纺织物制成的片材具有相同的单位面积重量时，与只由无纺织物制成的片材相比，可以提高断裂强度和透明度，且孔径也均匀。
产业实用性
本发明的纤维片材具有用于置于制袋填充机的充分的强度，可以用于公知的低速乃至高速的任意的热密封型制袋填充机或超声波型制袋填充机，由此，可以制造矩形、锥形、其它各种形状的袋。另外，由于孔细，因此可以将粉末茶叶封入由该纤维片材制造的茶包。而且，由于透明性高故可以看到茶包内部。因此，本发明的纤维片材作为绿茶、红茶等的茶包用过滤材料特别有用。另外，本发明的纤维片材作为汤汁、咖啡、入浴剂等的密封材料也有用。

Claims (7)

1.纤维片材，其是在纱布上层叠无纺织物而成的纤维片材，其中，
纱布满足经纱纤度5～40旦，经纱密度40～100根/英寸，纬纱纤度5～40旦，纬纱密度20～100根/英寸；
无纺织物由纤度在4.0旦以下的熔喷无纺织物、纺粘无纺织物或梳理成网无纺织物制成；
纤维片材的单位面积重量为7.5～20g/m2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的纤维片材，其中无纺织物的单位面积重量为5g/m2以下，纤维片材的单位面积重量为7.5～20g/m2。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的纤维片材，其中无纺织物的构成纤维的熔点比纱布的构成纤维的熔点更低。
4.根据权利要求1～3任一项所述的纤维片材，其中以下式
Lt＝Lw-Lb
(式中，Lb：在纤维片材的背面侧放置黑板情况时的白色光的反射率(％)，Lw：在纤维片材的背面侧放置标准白色板情况时的白色光的反射率(％))
算出的透明度Lt为60％以上。
5.根据权利要求1～4任一项所述的纤维片材，其中纱布由聚乳酸或者脂肪族或芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维制成，无纺织物由聚乳酸、琥珀酸系生物分解性纤维或者芳香族聚酯系生物分解性纤维制成。
6.根据权利要求1～5任一项所述的纤维片材，其中纱布由芯部和鞘部分别由乳酸形成的芯鞘型复合纱制成，芯部的聚乳酸的熔点相对于鞘部的熔点聚乳酸的熔点高20℃以上。
7.茶包用过滤材料，其包括根据权利要求1～6任一项所述的纤维片材。
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