CN101983546B - Method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw - Google Patents
Method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN101983546B CN101983546B CN2010102739503A CN201010273950A CN101983546B CN 101983546 B CN101983546 B CN 101983546B CN 2010102739503 A CN2010102739503 A CN 2010102739503A CN 201010273950 A CN201010273950 A CN 201010273950A CN 101983546 B CN101983546 B CN 101983546B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw, comprising the following operating steps: 1, after vegetable is harvested, plowing soil; 2, spreading one layer of dry crop straws on plowed soil, wherein straw use level is characterized in that 80-150 kg of crop straws are spread on the soil with the area of 5m<2>; 3, covering soil near the periphery plough layer out of soil spread with the straws on the straws, and causing straws in the periphery to expose outwards; 4, igniting straws which expose outwards to burn the straws; and 5, cleaning soil from the position 15 cm below the straw until upper unburned straws expose, which is favorable for straws to continue burning, and carrying out circulation operation until all straws are burnt up. The method provided by the invention has obvious production increase effect on new and old vegetable plots and especially has obvious effect on improving old vegetable plots. Because the invention disinfects soil to cause degraded soil to restore health, the method in the invention also has obvious effect on improving non-vegetable soil continuous cropping soil.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to the soil and fertilizer technical field of agriculture aspect, be specifically related to a kind of soil continuous cropping obstacle improvement method.
Background technology
Obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping is meant that the phenomenon that the vegetable growth gesture of generation dies down, output reduces, quality descends has the characteristics such as specificity of cumulative bad, regionality and crop when cultivating of the same race or equal vegetables continuously with plot.Along with continuing of China's Vegetable Industry; Add that vegetables are to the requirement of natural causes such as temperature, illumination, moisture, soil type and the producer's planting habit, city's field distribution etc.; Making vegetables produce is limited in certain zone; The obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping phenomenon that occurs in all parts of the country is serious day by day, and the development of the industrialization of particularly producing along with facilities vegetable, specialization, scale has more aggravated the generation of obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping; Make the vegetable grower suffer enormous economic loss, seriously restricted the sustainable development of vegetables industry.In the research facilities obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping origin cause of formation, the frequency of occurrences of cause of disease cumulative bad disease, soil insect, physiological disturbance (nutritional deficiency), soil physico-chemical property deterioration, nematode and other factors is respectively 68.72%, 10.18%, 9.53%, 6.67%, 6.08%, 2.55% in the soil.Have than big-difference between not equal vegetables, equal middle different vegetable also has certain difference or variant slightly, and cause of disease cumulative bad disease is main continuous cropping obstacle type in the soil.The relevant disease of continuous cropping obstacle mainly contains 16 kinds of fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, root rot, soft rot etc., and relevant insect pest has 7 kinds of grub, mole cricket and black cutworms etc.The generation of continuous cropping obstacle relates to biology, abiotic many complicated factors such as crop, soil, environment; Add influencing each other of these factors; Make address this problem complicated more, any single measure or all be difficult to receive desirable effect through a few measure.The research that overcomes vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle problem should concentrate on two aspects at least, and the one, to the research of vegetable crop itself, the 2nd, to the research of the parties concerned such as soil nutrient, soil environment, edaphon.Produce at present and go up that the technology that overcomes continuous cropping obstacle commonly used has crop rotation, intercropping, selects anti-(anti-) continuous cropping kind for use, grafting, soilless culture, rational soil management (organic fertilizer; Pour water and flood the field, adjustment pH value is used the soil disinfection medicament; Disinfection with hot water, high temperature is boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire canopy), biological control etc.Obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping and harm thereof are very general; Except that long-term crop rotation; Be difficult to deal with problems fully through a kind of or a few measure, obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping often makes the vegetables underproduction even total crop failure significantly, makes the vegetable grower suffer enormous economic loss; And cause the agricultural chemicals excess to use contaminated environment in a large number because of continuous cropping obstacle makes the vegetables damage by disease and insect, make the human residential environment become abominable.Thereby the method for effectively preventing and treating obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping is preserved the ecological environment important meaning is all arranged improving vegetable grower's income.
China is large agricultural country; Can produce more than 700,000,000 ton of stalk every year, in recent years, along with the variation of China's life in the countryside energy resource structure and the development of intensification production; Stalk progressively develops into a kind of useless burden thing from the traditional agricultural raw material, is excluded from outside the inner loop of agricultural production.The straw past is inferior fuel, is replaced by coal or electric power now; Past is treated as fertilizer, is replaced by chemical fertilizer now; Be used as the feed of farm cattle in the past, farm cattle are replaced by modern agriculture machinery now.Is the stalk that is deposited in the field toward where going? So; Straw on-site incineration situation is on the rise, and the smog of generation has become great society public hazards, although this harm has caused the great attention of national departments concerned; Central authorities and local governments at various levels repeat injunctions, and crop straw burning but remains incessant after repeated prohibition.Thereby straw utilization need seek the new breakthrough mouth, and createing high economic benefit and environmental benefit could be that the peasant accepts with society is common.
Summary of the invention
Often make the vegetables problem of the underproduction even total crop failure significantly in order to solve obstruction of vegetable continuous cropping, utilization of the present invention is excluded from the straw outside the agricultural production inner loop, and a kind of method of utilizing crops straw control vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle is provided.
Concrete operation method of the present invention is following:
A kind of method of crops straw control vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle of utilizing comprises following operating procedure:
1, after the vegetables results, plowed soils, the topsoil soils water content remains on below 17%; If soil moisture content surpasses 17%, utilize the fine sun to shine to soil moisture content and be lower than 17%;
2, the crops straw that place mat one deck is done on the soil of turning over, the stalk consumption is 4-5m
2Area soil shop 80-150kg crops straw;
3, will renovate on stalk near spreading the outer topsoil soils all around of stalk again, mulching soil thickness 20-50cm on the stalk, stalk is to exposing outside around making, and forming under the stalk has the 15cm soil layer, and the heap body structure of 20-50cm soil is arranged on the stalk;
4, light the stalk that exposes outside, make its burning, along with straw burning, the soil above the stalk constantly falls down the stalk that covers burning, makes straw burning slack-off;
5,15cm begins to clear up soil under the stalk; Around 15cm soil moves under the soil that falls down and the stalk that burnt; Unburned stalk exposes extremely; Make unburned stalk continue to keep under the stalk heap body structure that 20-50cm soil is arranged on the 15cm soil stalk being arranged, help stalk and burn away, cycling to stalk has all burnt and has ended like this.
Said crops straw is rice straw or wheat stalk or maize straw, and crops straw will dry.
In said 3 steps, again will near spread stalk outer around about dark 15cm, area 4-5m
2Topsoil soils renovate on stalk.
Through above operation; The stalk imperfect combustion produces high temperature and disease, worm, weed seed in the soil are killed in sootiness; Fertile water conservation can improved the soil and protect to the coke class material that imperfect combustions such as stalk generate; Stalk itself contains the full dose nutrient gives back soil balance soil nutrient, and stalk ash alkalescence can also be regulated soil pH, makes the vegetables soil of acidifying obtain improvement.Thereby vegetables soil handles through straw burning (fiery excrement), and a lot of continuous cropping obstacle factors of soil are eliminated or alleviate, and land capability is greatly improved, the healthy and strong growth of vegetables, and pesticide dosage reduces, and increasing both production and income is remarkable.Method provided by the invention all has remarkable effect of increasing production to the old and new vegetable plot, especially improves old vegetable plot more remarkable effect, and because of the present invention makes the soil restoration of degeneration healthy to disinfecting soil, thereby soil melioration also has remarkable result to the non-vegetable continuous cropping obstacle.
Embodiment
Through embodiment the present invention is done explanation further below.
Embodiment 1:
The fire excrement is improved old green house of vegetables soil effect (place: inn with a stable village, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province)
Supply examination booth planting vegetable 18 years, vegetable disease is serious.Planting vegetable: tomato, 2800 strain/mus.
A kind of method of crops straw control vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle of utilizing comprises following five operating procedures:
1, after the vegetables results, plowed soils; The topsoil soils water content remains on below 17% (if soil moisture content surpasses 17%, utilize the fine sun to shine to soil moisture content and be lower than 17%);
2, the maize straw that place mat one deck is done on the soil of turning over, the stalk consumption is 5m
2Area soil shop 150kg crops straw;
3, again will be near spreading the outer area 5m all around of maize straw
2, dark 15cm topsoil soils renovate on maize straw, mulching soil thickness 20-50cm on the maize straw, maize straw is to exposing outside around making, forming under the stalk has the 15cm soil layer, and the heap body structure of 20-50cm soil is arranged on the stalk;
4, light the maize straw that exposes outside, make its burning, along with the maize straw burning, the soil above the maize straw constantly falls down the maize straw that covers burning, makes the maize straw burning slack-off;
5,15cm begins to clear up soil under the stalk; Around 15cm soil moves under soil that is about to fall down and the stalk that burnt; Unburned stalk exposes extremely; Making unburned stalk continue to keep to have under the stalk has the heap of 20-50cm soil body structure on 15cm soil, the stalk, help maize straw and burn away, and cycling to stalk has all burnt and ended like this.
, booth handles soil 50m before planting tomato according to method provided by the invention
2By table 1 can know with the dilution plate counting method record the control soil bacterium, fungi content is respectively 19.3 (10
5CFUg
-1), 13.0 (10
5CFUg
-1), fiery excrement is handled soil bacteria, fungi content is respectively 1.3 (10
5CFUg
-1), 1.6 (10
5CFUg
-1), fiery excrement reaches 87.7% and 93.3% respectively to the sterilizing rate of soil fungi and bacterium.Handle soil through fiery excrement and do not separate the biography pathogenic bacteria of being unearthed basically, and the soil that is untreated has detected soil-borne pathogens such as wilt, pine root fungus, ralstonia solanacearum respectively.
Handle tomato seedling robust growth behind the plastic shed soil kind tomato with fiery excrement, can calculate the excrement that fires by table 2 data and handle tomato plant height, degree of development, stem rough segmentation and do not compare according to increasing by 11.6%, 6.2%, 22.7%; Early yield and gross output increase by 208.9%, 123.5% respectively.Mu increases economic benefit and reaches 5168 yuan, increases income the approach that provides new for the vegetable grower.
Table 1: fiery excrement is to the influence of vegetables eldest child canopy soil bacteria, fungi
| Handle | Contrast | The fire excrement |
| Bacterium (10 5CFU·g -1) | 19.3 | 1.3 |
| Fungi (10 5CFU·g -1) | 13.0 | 1.6 |
Annotate CFU/g bacterium colony mean (individual) * extension rate that value=same dilution factor repeats several times * 10/ soil gram number (g)
The fiery excrement of table 2 is to the influence of vegetables eldest child's canopy tomato growth and output
Embodiment 2:
The fire excrement is improved new vegetable field soil effect (place: inn with a stable village, Mengcheng County, Anhui Province)
Little shed, 1 year plantation tomato, tomato density, 2800 strain/mus.
The method of utilizing crops straw control vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle is with embodiment 1, and stalk is a wheat stalk, and it is 10m that the 150kg stalk is handled land area
2
, little shed handles soil 50m before planting tomato according to method provided by the invention
2By table 3 can know with the dilution plate counting method record the control soil bacterium, fungi content is respectively 9.7 (10
5CFUg
-1), 3.3 (10
5CFUg
-1), fiery excrement is handled soil bacteria, fungi content is respectively 0.7 (10
5CFUg
-1), 0.4 (10
5CFUg
-1), the sterilizing rate that new canopy stalk fire excrement is handled fungi reaches 87.9%, and the sterilizing rate of bacterium is reached 92.8%.Because of being new vegetable plot, fiery excrement does not all detect soil-borne pathogens such as wilt, pine root fungus, ralstonia solanacearum with contrast.
The same with eldest child's canopy, handle tomato seedling robust growth behind the plastic shed soil kind tomato with stalk, can calculate the excrement that fires by table 4 data and handle tomato plant height, degree of development, stem rough segmentation and do not compare according to increasing by 15.4%, 11.1%, 27.8%; Early yield and gross output increase by 79.9%, 36.2% respectively.Mu increases 2129 yuan of economic benefits.
Table 3: fiery excrement is to the influence of the little shed soil bacteria in new vegetable plot, fungi
| Handle | Contrast | The fire excrement |
| Bacterium (10 5CFU·g -1) | 9.7 | 0.7 |
| Fungi (10 5CFU·g -1) | 3.3 | 0.4 |
Annotate CFU/g bacterium colony mean (individual) * extension rate that value=same dilution factor repeats several times * 10/ soil gram number (g)
The fiery excrement of table 4 is to the influence of little shed tomato growth in new vegetable plot and output
Claims (2)
1. method of utilizing crops straw control vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle is characterized in that comprising following operating procedure:
1.1, after the vegetables results, plowed soils, the topsoil soils water content remains on below 17%; If soil moisture content surpasses 17%, utilize the fine sun to shine to soil moisture content and be lower than 17%;
1.2, place mat one deck is done on the soil of turning over crops straw, the stalk consumption is 4-5m
2Area soil shop 80-150kg crops straw;
1.3, will renovate on stalk near spreading the topsoil soils of stalk around outer again, mulching soil thickness 20-50cm on the stalk, stalk is to exposing outside around making, forming under the stalk has the 15cm soil layer, and the heap body structure of 20-50cm soil is arranged on the stalk;
1.4, light the stalk that exposes outside, make its burning, along with straw burning, the soil above the stalk constantly falls down the stalk that covers burning, makes straw burning slack-off;
1.5,15cm begins to clear up soil under the stalk; Around 15cm soil moves under the soil that falls down and the stalk that burnt; Unburned stalk exposes extremely, makes unburned stalk continue to keep under the stalk 15cm soil being arranged, and the heap body structure of 20-50cm soil is arranged on the stalk; Help stalk and burn away, cycling to stalk has all burnt and has ended like this.
2. a kind of method of utilizing crops straw control vegetables soil continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: said crops straw is rice straw or wheat stalk or maize straw, and crops straw will dry.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102739503A CN101983546B (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | Method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN2010102739503A CN101983546B (en) | 2010-09-02 | 2010-09-02 | Method for preventing and curing vegetable soil continuous cropping obstacle by crop straw |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN101983546A CN101983546A (en) | 2011-03-09 |
| CN101983546B true CN101983546B (en) | 2012-01-04 |
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|---|---|---|---|
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102792801A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-11-28 | 王光敏 | Method of returning straw and sod smoldered soil to field |
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| CN103959952B (en) * | 2014-05-07 | 2016-01-06 | 河海大学 | A kind of method of fast preventing soil in protected field continuous cropping obstacle |
| CN104904485B (en) * | 2015-06-23 | 2017-12-12 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of method that yield of vegetables and economic benefit are improved using fiery excrement |
| CN105660538B (en) * | 2016-01-04 | 2018-02-09 | 沈阳大学 | A kind of method for overcoming vegetable crop continuous cropping obstacle in facility |
| CN106332568B (en) * | 2016-08-23 | 2018-08-24 | 文山苗乡三七科技有限公司 | A kind of notoginseng soil flame-treating process |
| CN108496720A (en) * | 2018-03-14 | 2018-09-07 | 和县明信水产养殖专业合作社 | A kind of late inbred rice loach synthesis breeding method |
| CN109287180B (en) * | 2018-10-15 | 2021-04-23 | 昆明理工大学 | Method for in-situ carbonization and field returning of agricultural and forestry solid wastes and improvement of continuous cropping obstacles |
| CN112703850B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-09-28 | 杭州市农业科学研究院 | Method for improving continuous cropping soil of hot peppers |
| CN114258750B (en) * | 2021-12-21 | 2023-03-14 | 上海市农业科学院 | Method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1544393A (en) * | 2003-11-25 | 2004-11-10 | 李治文 | Organic fertilizer production method using agricultural straw |
| US20050223638A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-10-13 | Moren Douglas L | Hot water apparatus and method for sustainable agriculture |
| CN1597642A (en) * | 2004-07-27 | 2005-03-23 | 南京农业大学 | Fertilizer capable of eliminating crop continuous cropping obstruct and its production method |
| CN100356827C (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2007-12-26 | 吉林大学 | Three-year shifting mechanizaxion cultivation method of northeast ridge culture intertilled crop water reservoir moisture retension |
| CN101186833A (en) * | 2007-11-29 | 2008-05-28 | 南京林业大学 | Method for simultaneously preparing charcoal, gas and liquid products from crop straw and application thereof |
-
2010
- 2010-09-02 CN CN2010102739503A patent/CN101983546B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102792801A (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2012-11-28 | 王光敏 | Method of returning straw and sod smoldered soil to field |
| CN102792801B (en) * | 2012-08-27 | 2015-11-25 | 王光敏 | Stalk, turf are boiled in a covered pot over a slow fire soil and are returned field method |
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| CN101983546A (en) | 2011-03-09 |
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