CN114258750B - Method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil - Google Patents
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Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, which comprises the following steps: irrigation: adding crop straws into the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, adding irrigation water, submerging and air-drying; and (3) treating a microbial inoculum: after air drying, adding the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum and the enzyme liquid fertilizer to the soil with continuous cropping obstacles of the strawberries, and then planting the strawberries. The carbon-based composite microbial inoculum comprises an Aspergillus oryzae solid fermentation product, a Zygosaccharomyces rouxii liquid fermentation product, a Bacillus belgii liquid fermentation product and biomass carbon. The ferment liquid fertilizer is obtained by fermenting fruits and/or vegetables through a composite microbial inoculum of aspergillus oryzae and zygosaccharomyces rouxii. By adding crop straws, carbon-based composite microbial agents and enzyme liquid fertilizers into the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil and matching the crop straws, the carbon-based composite microbial agents and the enzyme liquid fertilizers, nutrients in the soil can be synergistically improved, the physicochemical property of the soil is improved, the disease propagation in the soil is controlled, the physical, chemical and biological properties of the strawberries are improved, and the continuous healthy growth of the strawberries is ensured.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of soil improvement, in particular to a method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil.
Background
Strawberry is a perennial evergreen herb, belongs to the genus strawberry of the family rosaceae, and is a fruit with extremely high nutritional and economic values. In recent years, the planting area and the yield of the Chinese strawberries are continuously increased, and according to statistics, the planting area of the Chinese strawberries reaches 13.37 ten thousand hectares, the total yield reaches 372.46 ten thousand tons, and the planting area and the yield are stably in the first place in the world. Due to a series of condition limitations of small per capita cultivated land area, no mobility of cultivation facilities and greenhouses, planting habits of farmers and the like, the strawberry continuous cropping phenomenon generally exists. A series of problems such as deterioration of soil physicochemical properties, reduction of soil nutrients, unbalance of microbial community structures, aggravation of plant diseases and insect pests and the like can be caused by long-term continuous strawberry cropping. Diseases caused by continuous cropping of strawberries mainly comprise strawberry anthracnose, gray mold, blight, powdery mildew, hollow core diseases which seriously threaten the strawberry industry in recent years and the like.
At present, in order to reduce adverse effects on soil caused by long-term continuous operation, a method of fumigating soil by using chemical agents of chloropicrin and dazomet and combining high-temperature greenhouse closing is widely applied. CN106342599A discloses a chemical disinfection method for pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping soil, which utilizes chloropicrin to fumigate the soil, can effectively kill pathogenic microorganism fungi, nematodes, soil insects and weeds in the pseudo-ginseng continuous cropping soil, can effectively improve the seedling emergence and survival rate of pseudo-ginseng seed strips in the continuous cropping soil, and can effectively enhance the growth vigor of pseudo-ginseng plants.
CN107836314A discloses a high-yield cultivation method for peanuts, which comprises: spreading lime nitrogen and dazomet, and ploughing; (2) coating a film and laying drip irrigation pipes at the same time; (3) drip irrigation; (4) drilling seeding holes to release toxic gas; (5) sowing; (6) drip irrigation and bacterium supplementation: drip irrigation is carried out in the four-leaf period of the peanuts, and the compound microbial inoculum is dripped along with water. The method improves soil disinfection effect, supplements beneficial microorganism, can realize irrigation according to requirement, effectively alleviates continuous cropping obstacle, and promotes growth and development of peanut.
CN109168398A discloses a method for improving continuous cropping soil of panax notoginseng, comprising: (1) installing a drip irrigation device; (2) fumigating and disinfecting the dazomet soil; (3) chlorine dioxide soil disinfection; and (4) adding a compound microbial fertilizer. By adopting the method, the emergence rate of pseudo-ginseng seed strips in continuous cropping soil can reach more than 95%, the seedling storage rate can reach more than 90%, and the disease incidence rate is reduced.
Based on the above research, it can be seen that the soil fumigant can effectively kill pathogenic bacteria in soil, but also inhibit beneficial organisms in soil during fumigation and influence the chemical conversion process of non-biological substances. Therefore, finding an economical, environment-friendly and safe method for improving the soil with strawberry continuous cropping obstacles, eliminating the soil problem caused by strawberry continuous cropping and promoting the growth of strawberries is a problem to be solved at present.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil. The method for improving the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil can solve the soil problem caused by the strawberry continuous cropping, promote the growth of strawberries and ensure the sustainable production of strawberries.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:
in a first aspect, the invention provides a method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Irrigation: adding crop straws into the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, then adding irrigation water, submerging and air-drying;
(2) And (3) treating a microbial inoculum: after air drying, adding a carbon-based composite microbial inoculum and an enzyme liquid fertilizer to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in the step (1), and then planting strawberries;
the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum comprises a combination of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 solid fermentation product, zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 liquid fermentation product, bacillus belezii (Bacillus velezensis) K3 liquid fermentation product and biomass charcoal;
the ferment liquid fertilizer is obtained by fermenting fruits and/or vegetables through a composite microbial inoculum of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 and Saccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY 1.
According to the invention, the crop straw, the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum and the ferment liquid fertilizer are added into the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil and are matched for use, so that the nutrients in the soil can be synergistically improved, the physicochemical property of the soil can be improved, and the disease propagation in the soil can be controlled, thereby improving the physical, chemical and biological properties of the strawberries and ensuring the continuous and healthy growth of the strawberries.
The carbon-based composite microbial inoculum related by the invention is a product disclosed in patent CN 111518700A.
The invention relates to an enzyme liquid fertilizer which is a product disclosed in patent CN 109825442A.
The fermentation medium formula of the Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 solid fermentation product comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 2-8% of bran, 2-8% of rice hull powder, 25-35% of rice straw, 2-6% of soybean flour and 50-70% of water.
The 2-8% may be 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7%, 8%, or the like.
The 25-35% can be 25%, 26%, 27%, 28%, 29%, 30%, 31%, 32%, 33%, 34%, or 35%, etc.
The 2-6% can be 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, 5%, or 6%, etc.
The 50-70% can be 50%, 52%, 54%, 55%, 58%, 60%, 62%, 65%, 68%, or 70%, etc.
Other values within the above range can be selected, and are not further described herein.
Preferably, the fermentation initiation temperature of the Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 solid fermentation is 20-40 ℃.
The temperature of 20-40 deg.C can be 20 deg.C, 22 deg.C, 24 deg.C, 26 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 32 deg.C, 34 deg.C, 36 deg.C, 38 deg.C or 40 deg.C etc.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
The fermentation medium formula of the Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 liquid fermentation product comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 1-5% of yeast extract, 1-3% of peptone, 1-3% of glucose and 90-97% of water.
The 1-5% can be 1%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.5%, 3%, 3.5%, 4%, 4.5%, or 5%, etc.
The 1-3% can be 1%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.3%, 2.5%, 2.8%, or 3%, etc.
The 90-97% can be 90%, 91%, 92%, 93%, 94%, 95%, 96%, 97%, or the like.
Other values within the above range can be selected, and are not further described herein.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature of the Zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 liquid fermentation product is 25-40 ℃.
The temperature of 25-40 deg.C can be 25 deg.C, 26 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 32 deg.C, 34 deg.C, 36 deg.C, 38 deg.C or 40 deg.C etc.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
The fermentation medium formula of the Bacillus velezensis K3 liquid leavening comprises the following components in percentage by weight: peptone 1-3%, beef extract 0.5-2.5%, sodium chloride 0.5-2.5% and water 93-98%.
The 1-3% can be 1%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.3%, 2.5%, 2.8%, or 3%, etc.
The 0.5-2.5% can be 0.5%, 0.8%, 1%, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.2%, 2.4%, 2.5%, or the like.
The 93-98% can be 93%, 93.5%, 94%, 94.5%, 95%, 95.5%, 96%, 96.5%, 97%, 98%, or the like.
Other point values within the above range can be selected, and are not described in detail herein.
Preferably, the fermentation temperature of the liquid fermentation product of the Bacillus subtilis K3 is 25-40 ℃.
The temperature of 25-40 deg.C can be 25 deg.C, 26 deg.C, 28 deg.C, 30 deg.C, 32 deg.C, 34 deg.C, 36 deg.C, 38 deg.C or 40 deg.C etc.
Other values within the above range can be selected, and are not further described herein.
The Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC), the preservation number is CGMCC No.16264, the preservation date is 2018, 8 and 15 days, and the preservation address is No. 3 of Xilu No.1 North Chen of the Chaoyang district, beijing City.
The Zygosaccharomyces rouxii JY1 is preserved in the common microorganism center of the China Committee for culture Collection of microorganisms, the preservation number is CGMCC No.16260, the preservation date is 8-15 days in 2018, and the preservation address is No. 3 of the No.1 Hospital of West Lu of the sunward area in Beijing.
It is to be noted that Zygosaccharomyces rouxii is transliterated and may also be called Zygosaccharomyces rouxii.
The Bacillus velezensis K3 is preserved in the China general microbiological culture Collection center with the preservation number of CGMCC No.19256, the preservation date of 2019, 12 months and 30 days, and the preservation address of No. 3 Hospital No.1, west Lu, north Cheng, of the sunward area in Beijing.
The crop straws related by the invention comprise any one of rice straws, wheat straw straws or corn straws or a combination of at least two of the rice straws, the wheat straw straws or the corn straws, the combination of at least two of the rice straws and the wheat straw straws or the combination of the wheat straw straws and the corn straws and the like, and the mode of any combination of the rest of the straws can be selected, so that the details are not repeated.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the crop straw to the continuous cropping obstacle soil of the strawberry to be treated is (0.25-0.5) and is, for example, 0.25.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum to the continuous cropping obstacle soil of the strawberry to be treated is (0.15-0.4) 100, and can be, for example, 0.15.
Preferably, the ratio of the viable count of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1, zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 and Bacillus beijerincensis (Bacillus velezensis) K3 in the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum is 1 (1-2) to (1-2).
The above-mentioned (1-2) may be 1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5, 1.6, 1.7, 1.8, 1.9 or 2, etc., but is not limited to the enumerated values, and values not enumerated in the range are also applicable.
Preferably, the total viable count of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1, zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 and Bacillus belezii (Bacillus velezensis) K3 in the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum is 1 x 10 9 -3×10 10 For example, it may be 1 × 10 9 、2×10 9 、3×10 9 、5×10 9 、7×10 9 、9×10 9 、1×10 10 、2×10 10 Or 3X 10 10 And the like, but are not limited to the recited values, and values not recited within the ranges are equally applicable.
Preferably, the mass fraction of the biomass charcoal in the charcoal-based composite microbial inoculum is 60-80%, for example, 60%, 62%, 64%, 66%, 68%, 70%, 72%, 74%, 76%, 78%, or 80%, etc., but not limited to the recited values, and values not recited in the range are also applicable.
Preferably, the mass ratio of the ferment liquid fertilizer to the continuous cropping obstacle soil of the strawberry to be treated is (0.15-0.4) and is, for example, 0.15.
Preferably, the fermentation of the fruits and/or vegetables is carried out in the presence of a solvent and a carbon source.
Preferably, the carbon source is a sugar, preferably brown sugar and/or molasses.
Preferably, the amount of the carbon source is 6.5-7.0% by mass of the total fermentation material, for example, 6.5%, 6.6%, 6.7%, 6.8%, 6.9% or 7.0%, etc., but is not limited to the recited values, and values not recited in the range are also applicable.
Preferably, the solvent is water.
Preferably, the solvent is used in an amount of 65 to 70% by mass of the total fermentation material, for example, 65%, 65.5%, 66%, 66.5%, 67%, 67.5%, 68%, 68.5%, 69%, or 70% by mass, but not limited to the recited values, and values not recited in this range are also applicable.
The time period of the flooding according to the present invention is 20 to 35 days, and may be, for example, 20 days, 23 days, 24 days, 26 days, 28 days, 29 days, 30 days, 33 days, 34 days, or 35 days, but is not limited to the exemplified values, and values not exemplified in the range are also applicable.
The crop straw and the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum related by the invention are added at one time.
Preferably, the ferment liquid fertilizer is continuously added in the process of planting the strawberries.
Preferably, the addition frequency of the ferment liquid fertilizer is 1-3 weeks/time, and can be 1 week/time, 2 weeks/time or 3 weeks/time and the like.
The enzyme liquid fertilizer is added for multiple times to promote beneficial microorganisms to colonize at the strawberry rhizosphere and play a role in resisting diseases and promoting growth.
Preferably, the ferment liquid fertilizer needs to be diluted by 30 to 35 times before being added, for example, 30 times, 31 times, 32 times, 33 times, 34 times or 35 times, but the ferment liquid fertilizer is not limited to the recited values, and the values not recited in the range are also applicable.
The ferment liquid fertilizer needs to be diluted before being added, so that the phenomenon of seedling burning caused by overhigh concentration is prevented.
As a preferred technical scheme, the invention provides a method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Irrigation: adding crop straws into the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, then adding irrigation water, submerging for 20-35 days, and air-drying;
the mass ratio of the crop straws to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil to be treated is (0.25-0.5): 100;
(2) Treating a microbial inoculum: after air drying for 1-2 days, adding a carbon-based composite microbial inoculum and a 30-35-time diluted enzyme liquid fertilizer to the continuous cropping obstacle soil of the strawberries in the step (1), and then planting the strawberries, adding the 30-35-time diluted enzyme liquid fertilizer to the continuous cropping obstacle soil of the strawberries every 1-3 weeks in the process of planting the strawberries, and continuously planting the strawberries for 40-50 days, thus obtaining the strawberries;
the mass ratio of the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil to be treated is (0.15-0.4): 100;
the mass ratio of the ferment liquid fertilizer to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil to be treated is (0.15-0.4): 100;
the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum comprises a combination of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 solid leavening, zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 liquid leavening, bacillus belezii (Bacillus velezensis) K3 liquid leavening and biomass charcoal;
the ferment liquid fertilizer is obtained by fermenting fruits and/or vegetables in the presence of a solvent and a carbon source by using a composite microbial inoculum of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 and Saccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY 1.
The 40 to 50 days may be 40 days, 42 days, 44 days, 45 days, 47 days, 48 days, 49 days or 50 days, etc., but are not limited to the enumerated values, and values not enumerated within the range are also applicable.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
according to the method for improving the soil with the strawberry continuous cropping obstacles, provided by the invention, the crop straws, the carbon-based composite microbial agent and the enzyme liquid fertilizer are added into the soil and are matched for use, so that the nutrients in the soil are synergistically improved, the physicochemical property of the soil is improved, and the disease propagation in the soil is controlled, so that the physical, chemical and biological properties of the strawberries are improved, and the continuous healthy growth of the strawberries is ensured.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention is further explained by the following embodiments.
The preparation sources of the corresponding materials and raw materials of the following preparation examples, comparative examples and test examples are as follows:
wherein the plough layer soil is taken from a long-term strawberry continuous cropping greenhouse at a village and row test station of the academy of agricultural sciences in Shanghai city; the rice straw is provided by Shanghai farm crops; the carbon-based composite microbial agents in the embodiments 1-3 are respectively products obtained in the patent CN111518700A and the embodiments 1-3; the ferment liquid fertilizer is the product obtained in patent CN109825442A example 1.
Example 1
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cropping, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55X 72X 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: taking 0.03kg of rice straw, cutting into pieces, adding the rice straw into soil, adding water to submerge the rice straw, covering a film, treating the rice straw for 28 days, ventilating and drying the rice straw, adding 0.005kg of enzyme liquid fertilizer diluted by 32 times after 1 day, adding 0.015kg of carbon-based composite microbial inoculum, and planting 3 strawberries. Then, the 32-fold diluted ferment liquid fertilizer is added separately every 2 weeks, and the dosage of each time is 0.005kg. After 40 days of planting, the plant height, leaf number and chlorophyll content of the strawberries were calculated.
Example 2
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cultivation, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55 multiplied by 72 multiplied by 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: taking 0.018kg of rice straw, shearing, adding the crushed rice straw into soil, adding water to submerge the rice straw, covering a film, treating the rice straw for 30 days, ventilating and drying the rice straw, adding 0.005kg of enzyme liquid fertilizer diluted by 30 times and 0.012kg of carbon-based composite microbial inoculum after 2 days, and planting 3 strawberries. Then, 30 times of diluted ferment liquid fertilizer is added separately every 1 week, and the dosage of each time is 0.0025kg. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Example 3
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cropping, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55X 72X 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: taking 0.03kg of rice straws, shearing the rice straws into pieces, adding the rice straws into soil, adding water to submerge the rice straws, covering a film, treating the rice straws for 35 days, ventilating and drying the rice straws, adding 0.004kg of enzyme liquid fertilizer diluted by 35 times and 0.018kg of carbon-based composite microbial inoculum after 1 day, and planting 3 strawberries. Then, the 35-fold diluted ferment liquid fertilizer is added separately every 2 weeks, and the dosage of each time is 0.004kg. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Comparative example 1
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cultivation, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55 multiplied by 72 multiplied by 28cm. The method for improving and treating the continuous cropping obstacle soil of the raspberries in each pot comprises the following steps: adding water to submerge, covering a film, treating for 20 days, ventilating and drying, adding 0.005kg of enzyme liquid fertilizer diluted by 30 times and 0.015kg of carbon-based composite microbial inoculum after 1 day, and planting 3 strawberries. Then, 30 times diluted ferment liquid fertilizer is added separately every 2 weeks, and the dosage of each time is 0.005kg. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Comparative example 2
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cropping, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55X 72X 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: taking 0.03kg of rice straw, cutting, adding into soil, adding water to submerge, covering with a film, treating for 20 days, ventilating and drying, adding 0.015kg of carbon-based composite microbial inoculum after 1 day, and planting 3 strawberries. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Comparative example 3
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cultivation, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55 multiplied by 72 multiplied by 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: taking 0.03kg of rice straws, shearing the rice straws into pieces, adding the rice straws into soil, adding water to submerge the rice straws, covering the rice straws with a film, treating the rice straws for 20 days, ventilating and drying the rice straws in the air, adding 0.005kg of enzyme liquid fertilizer diluted by 30 times after 1 day, and planting 3 strawberries. Then, the 30-fold diluted ferment liquid fertilizer is added separately every 2 weeks, and the dosage of each time is 0.005kg. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Comparative example 4
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cultivation, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55 multiplied by 72 multiplied by 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: 0.03kg of rice straw is taken, cut into pieces, added into soil, added with water to submerge, covered with a film, treated for 20 days, ventilated and dried, and after 1 day, 3 strawberries are planted. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Comparative example 5
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cropping, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55X 72X 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: adding water to submerge, covering a film, treating for 20 days, ventilating and drying, adding 0.015kg of carbon-based composite microbial inoculum after 1 day, and planting 3 strawberries. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Comparative example 6
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cultivation, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55 multiplied by 72 multiplied by 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: adding water to submerge, covering a film, treating for 20 days, ventilating and airing, adding 0.005kg of enzyme liquid fertilizer diluted by 30 times after 1 day, and planting 3 strawberries. Then, the 30-fold diluted ferment liquid fertilizer is added separately every 2 weeks, and the dosage of each time is 0.005kg. After 40 days of planting, the plant height, leaf number and chlorophyll content of the strawberries were calculated.
Comparative example 7
Taking 36kg of plough layer soil from a greenhouse for long-term continuous strawberry cultivation, and putting the soil into 6 pots on average, wherein the size of each pot is 55 multiplied by 72 multiplied by 28cm. The improvement treatment method of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in each basin comprises the following steps: adding water, submerging, covering with film, treating for 20 days, ventilating and drying, and planting 3 strawberries after 1 day. And (4) calculating the plant height, the leaf number and the chlorophyll content of the strawberry 40 days after the strawberry is planted.
Comparative example 8
In this comparative example, 36kg of plough layer soil was taken from a greenhouse for continuous cropping of long-term strawberries and placed in 6 pots on average, the pots having a size of 55 × 72 × 28cm, the strawberries were planted directly without any treatment of the plough layer soil, and after 40 days, the plant height, leaf number and chlorophyll content of the strawberries were calculated.
Test example 1
This test example examined the plant height, chlorophyll content, and leaf number of the strawberries planted in examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 8. The detection method comprises the following steps:
measuring the plant height of the strawberries by using a ruler from the root-stem combination (the average value of the plant heights of the planted strawberries is taken as a result); measuring the chlorophyll content of the third and fourth leaves by using a chlorophyll meter from the central leaves of the strawberries (the result is the average value of the chlorophyll content of the two leaves of the planted strawberries); and the total number of leaves per strawberry was recorded (results were averaged for the total number of leaves of the planted strawberries).
The results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
From the data in the table, compared with comparative examples 1-8, by adopting the method for improving the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil provided by the invention, the crop straw, the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum and the enzyme liquid fertilizer are added into the soil and are used in a matching manner, so that the nutrients in the soil are synergistically improved, the physicochemical properties of the soil are improved, the disease propagation in the soil is controlled, and the obtained strawberries have the advantages that the plant height, the chlorophyll content and the leaf number of the strawberries are obviously improved.
In conclusion, the method for improving the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil provided by the invention has the advantages that the crop straws, the carbon-based compound microbial inoculum and the enzyme liquid fertilizer are added into the soil and are matched for use, so that the nutrients in the soil are synergistically improved, the physicochemical property of the soil is improved, and the disease spread in the soil is controlled, so that the physical, chemical and biological properties of the strawberries are improved, and the continuous and healthy growth of the strawberries is ensured.
The above-mentioned embodiments, objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention are further described in detail, it should be understood that the above-mentioned embodiments are only examples of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting the present invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (11)
1. The method for improving the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
(1) Irrigation: adding crop straws into the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, then adding irrigation water, submerging and air-drying;
(2) And (3) treating a microbial inoculum: after air drying, adding a carbon-based composite microbial inoculum and an enzyme liquid fertilizer to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in the step (1), and then planting strawberries;
the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum comprises a combination of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 solid leavening, zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 liquid leavening, bacillus belezii (Bacillus velezensis) K3 liquid leavening and biomass charcoal;
the ferment liquid fertilizer is obtained by fermenting fruits and/or vegetables by using a composite microbial inoculum of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 and Saccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY 1;
the fermentation of the fruits and/or vegetables is carried out in the presence of a solvent and a carbon source;
the mass ratio of the ferment liquid fertilizer to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil to be treated is (0.15-0.4): 100.
2. The method for improving soil with strawberry continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the crop straw comprises any one of rice straw, wheat straw or corn straw or a combination of at least two of the foregoing.
3. The method for improving the soil with the strawberry continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the crop straw to the soil with the strawberry continuous cropping obstacles to be treated is (0.25-0.5): 100.
4. The method for improving the soil of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle according to claim 1, wherein the mass ratio of the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum to the soil of the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle to be treated is (0.15-0.4): 100.
5. The method for improving soil with strawberry continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the ratio of the viable count of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1, saccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 and Bacillus belezensis (Bacillus velezensis) K3 in the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum is 1 (1-2) to (1-2).
6. The method for improving the soil with the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass fraction of the biomass charcoal in the charcoal-based composite microbial inoculum is 60-80%.
7. The method for improving soil with strawberry continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the submerging time is 20-35 days.
8. The method for improving soil with strawberry continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 1, wherein the enzyme liquid fertilizer is continuously added in the process of planting strawberries.
9. The method for improving soil suffering from strawberry continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 8, wherein the frequency of adding the enzyme liquid fertilizer is 1-3 weeks/time.
10. The method for improving soil suffering from strawberry continuous cropping obstacles according to claim 8, wherein the enzyme liquid fertilizer needs to be diluted by 30-35 times before being added.
11. The method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil according to any one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the method for improving strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil comprises the following steps:
(1) Irrigation: adding crop straws into the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil, then adding irrigation water, submerging for 20-35 days, and air-drying;
the mass ratio of the crop straws to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil to be treated is (0.25-0.5): 100;
(2) And (3) treating a microbial inoculum: after air drying, adding a carbon-based composite microbial inoculum and 30-35 times diluted enzyme liquid fertilizer to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil in the step (1), namely planting the strawberries, adding 30-35 times diluted enzyme liquid fertilizer to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil every 1-3 weeks in the strawberry planting process, and continuously planting for 40-50 days, thus obtaining the strawberries;
the mass ratio of the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil to be treated is (0.15-0.4): 100;
the mass ratio of the ferment liquid fertilizer to the strawberry continuous cropping obstacle soil to be treated is (0.15-0.4) to 100;
the carbon-based composite microbial inoculum comprises a combination of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 solid leavening, zygosaccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY1 liquid leavening, bacillus belezii (Bacillus velezensis) K3 liquid leavening and biomass charcoal;
the ferment liquid fertilizer is obtained by fermenting fruits and/or vegetables in the presence of a solvent and a carbon source by using a composite microbial inoculum of Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) S1 and Saccharomyces rouxii (Zygosaccharomyces rouxii) JY 1.
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