CN114931003B - Method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land - Google Patents
Method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land Download PDFInfo
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- CN114931003B CN114931003B CN202210530197.4A CN202210530197A CN114931003B CN 114931003 B CN114931003 B CN 114931003B CN 202210530197 A CN202210530197 A CN 202210530197A CN 114931003 B CN114931003 B CN 114931003B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and in particular relates to a method for returning straw biochar to a field to protect land, which comprises the following steps: modifying the straw charcoal powder with acid, and then adding an adhesive to prepare granular substances; crushing straw into straw powder, and adding probiotics liquid for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product; the granular material, the straw powder and the ferment are respectively applied to the soil to improve the soil fertility. The invention provides a method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the land, which not only solves the problem of soil hardening, but also supplements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic nutrient elements in the soil in a diversified manner, and finally improves the soil fertility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect land.
Background
Soil is an essential element for growing crops, most of plants used in the prior art, especially grain crops, are usually planted and produced in the soil, and the water planting method is mostly suitable for plants such as flowers, vegetables and the like. As crops are planted in the soil in successive years, nutrients in the soil are absorbed by the crops, so the fertility of the soil decreases year by year, serious people affect the yield of the crops, and therefore, how to improve the fertility of the soil becomes a hot spot for research.
In the prior art, the method for restoring and improving the soil fertility mainly comprises the following steps: applying inorganic fertilizer, applying organic fertilizer, returning straw to field and the like; the application of inorganic fertilizer refers to the application of nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer or nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer, etc., and the mode mainly improves nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium elements in soil, but the excessive use of inorganic fertilizer can cause the problem of soil hardening; the application of the organic fertilizer refers to the application of animal manure, compost, green manure and the like, and the mode mainly improves the organic content in soil, but the supplementation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium is insufficient, the use of an auxiliary inorganic fertilizer is still required, and the problem of soil hardening still exists; straw returning refers to that crop straw is crushed and then is put on the ground, after turning over and ploughing, the returning effect is achieved, the mode can promote the formation of soil aggregate structure, and increase the air permeability, water permeability and fertilizer retention capacity of soil, so that the soil fertility is improved, and although the problem of soil hardening can be solved, the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters is small; although the three methods can be to improve the soil fertility from different angles, the types of the increase of the nutrient elements in the soil are different,
in view of the above, there is a need to develop a method for comprehensively improving soil fertility, which is capable of overcoming the problem of soil hardening, supplementing various nutrient elements of soil, and finally improving soil fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the land, which not only overcomes the problem of soil hardening, but also supplements nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic nutrient elements in the soil in a diversified manner, and finally improves the soil fertility.
The invention aims to provide a method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect land, which comprises the following steps:
modifying the straw charcoal powder with acid, and then adding an adhesive to prepare granular substances;
crushing straw into straw powder, and adding probiotics liquid for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the probiotics is aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262;
the granular material, the straw powder and the ferment are respectively applied to the soil to improve the soil fertility.
Preferably, the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land is black land.
Preferably, the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land comprises the following steps of: the straw charcoal powder and the 5mol/L acid solution are mixed according to the mass ratio of 3-4:1, and are kept stand for 1-2 hours, the aperture and the structure of the charcoal are changed by utilizing acid, the adsorption capacity of the charcoal is improved, the fertilizer retaining effect of soil can be improved after the charcoal powder is applied to the soil, the straw charcoal powder after acid treatment and the adhesive are mixed to prepare granular substances, the granular substances have a slow release effect, the soil hardening condition can be physically improved, and the ventilation effect of the soil is improved.
Preferably, in the method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the acid solution is nitric acid solution.
Preferably, in the method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the adhesive is gelatin powder or Jili butyl powder; adding water into the adhesive for dissolving (heating for dissolving), and adding the straw biochar powder after acid treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw biochar powder after acid treatment is 1:1:0.5-0.8, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, pouring into a grinding tool, drying and cooling (ventilating and drying and natural cooling) to prepare granular substances, and the particle size of the granular substances is 0.5-1cm.
Preferably, in the method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the granular substances are put into dilute acid for 0.5-1h, then taken out and naturally dried for standby, and the step is to carry out acid modification on the granular substances, adjust the surface aperture of the granular substances, facilitate combination with soil particles and improve the release effect of nutrient elements. The dilute acid is nitric acid solution with the concentration of 0.1-0.5 mol/L.
Preferably, in the method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect land, the structure of the grinding tool is as follows: including the bottom plate, be equipped with the one end of electric telescopic link on the bottom plate, the other end of telescopic link is equipped with the fly leaf, the fly leaf top is equipped with the model board, have a plurality of trompils on the model board, every trompil department all is equipped with flexible cup, the model board top is equipped with the fixed beam, be equipped with the mount on the fixed beam, the bottom plate the model board all sets up on the mount, be equipped with the vertical section of the scraper blade of slidable L shape on the fixed beam, the horizontal section of scraper blade with model board upper surface contact, be equipped with on the fixed beam and be used for controlling the gliding step motor of scraper blade.
Preferably, the method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect land comprises the following steps of: mixing the straw powder and the probiotic culture according to the mass ratio of 100:3-10, composting and fermenting for 3-7 days, and then sterilizing.
Preferably, the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land is characterized in that the sterilization mode is insolation for 3d.
Preferably, the method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land comprises the following steps:
firstly, applying the ferment into soil, ploughing the soil to a depth of more than 30cm, preferably 30-40cm, so that nutrient elements in the straw enter the soil surface, applying the granular matters onto the soil surface after 8-10 days, ploughing the soil to a depth of less than 20cm, preferably 15-20cm, performing soil water and fertilizer retaining operation, and increasing soil fertility, after 5-7 days, adding common straw powder onto the soil surface, ploughing the soil to a depth of more than 30cm, preferably 30-40cm, and mixing the nutrient matters at the depth of a ploughing layer so as to facilitate crop absorption and utilization, and after the soil fertility is improved, promoting propagation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil, degrading the straw powder by utilizing microorganisms in the soil, further improving the soil fertility, and improving the soil hardening condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. the granular matters containing the biochar have the main functions of increasing organic matters of soil, and after the biochar is modified, the granular matters have large particle size, and after the biochar is applied to the soil, the soil hardening condition can be improved, the soil hardening improving capacity of the biochar is improved, and the water and fertilizer retaining capacity of the soil is increased.
It should be noted that, because the particle size of the common straw biochar powder is small, the air permeability of the physical structure of the soil is difficult to improve, the hardening condition is only improved by supplementing organic matters, the organic matters in the straw biochar powder are not high, and a large amount of application is needed, so that the method of the invention improves the hardening of the soil from two physical and chemical layers, thereby preparing granular matters containing biochar with larger particle size, and achieving better improving effect, saving resources and protecting environment only by using a small amount of granular matters.
2. In the invention, the main functions of the straw powder are to increase the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in the soil and improve the problem of soil hardening; the biochar is used in combination with straw powder and fermented products of the straw powder, and the organic matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in soil are improved together by strong combination, so that the problem of soil hardening is solved.
3. According to the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land, provided by the invention, the nutrient substances are mixed on the depth of the cultivated layer, so that the crop can be absorbed and utilized conveniently, after the soil fertility is improved, the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is accelerated, the straw powder is degraded by utilizing the microorganisms in the soil, the soil fertility is further improved, and the soil hardening condition is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is an experimental result of adsorption performance of modified biochar;
fig. 2 is a front view of the abrasive article of example 4.
Fig. 3 is a right side view of the abrasive article of example 4.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical scheme of the present invention, the present invention will be further described with reference to specific embodiments and drawings.
In the description of the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all reagents are commercially available and methods are conventional in the art. The straw biological carbon powder is purchased from Henan Star environmental protection materials Co., ltd, the iodine value of the product is 500, the granularity is 150 meshes, the total carbon content is 0.81mg/kg, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents are 1.48mg/kg, 0.29mg/kg and 1.36mg/kg respectively. The test land was a black land, the pH of the soil was 6.4, the organic matter content of the soil at a depth of 60cm was 35.41g/kg, and the total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium contents were 1.22g/kg, 0.41g/kg and 0.36g/kg, respectively.
Each example and comparative example were tested using different cells, each cell being 20m long and 4m wide, each adjacent cell being 1.5m long and wide, and 3 tests being repeated for each example and comparative example.
Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) CGMCC No.19262 is purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (China Committee for culture Collection).
In the description of the present invention, it should be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "lateral", "length", "width", "thickness", "upper", "lower", "front", "rear", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", "bottom", "inner", "outer", "clockwise", "counterclockwise", "axial", "radial", "circumferential", etc. indicate orientations or positional relationships based on the orientations or positional relationships shown in the drawings are merely for convenience in describing the present invention and simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element being referred to must have a specific orientation, be configured and operated in a specific orientation, and therefore should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
Example 1
A preparation method of granular matters containing biochar comprises the steps of modifying straw biochar powder with acid, then adding adhesive to prepare granular matters, and specifically comprising the following steps:
mixing straw charcoal powder with 5mol/L nitric acid solution according to a mass ratio of 3:1, standing for 2h, mixing the straw charcoal powder subjected to acid treatment, water and gelatin powder, pouring into a grinding tool, and carrying out ventilation drying and natural cooling to obtain granular matters, wherein the granular matters have spherical particles with the particle size of 0.5 cm.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.5, and the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (can be heated to be dissolved), and then the straw charcoal powder is added into the mixture to be fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
Example 2
A preparation method of granular matters containing biochar comprises the steps of modifying straw biochar powder with acid, then adding adhesive to prepare granular matters, and specifically comprising the following steps:
mixing straw charcoal powder with 5mol/L nitric acid solution according to a mass ratio of 4:1, standing for 1h, mixing the straw charcoal powder subjected to acid treatment, water and gelatin powder, pouring into a grinding tool, and carrying out ventilation drying and natural cooling to obtain granular matters, wherein the granular matters have spherical particles with the particle size of 0.8 cm.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.8, and the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (can be heated to be dissolved), and then the straw charcoal powder is added into the mixture to be fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
Example 3
A preparation method of granular matters containing biochar comprises the steps of modifying straw biochar powder with acid, then adding adhesive to prepare granular matters, and specifically comprising the following steps:
Wherein, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.5, and the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (can be heated to be dissolved), and then the straw charcoal powder is added into the mixture to be fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
And 2, placing the granular substances into a nitric acid solution with the concentration of 0.5mol/L, taking out after 0.5h, and naturally airing for later use.
Comparative example 1
A preparation method of granular matters containing biochar,
mixing straw charcoal powder, water and gelatin powder, pouring into a grinding tool, ventilating, drying and naturally cooling to obtain granular substances, wherein the granular substances have spherical particles with the particle size of 0.5 cm.
Wherein, the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.5, and the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (can be heated to be dissolved), and then the straw charcoal powder is added into the mixture to be fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
Evaluation of adsorption effect of particulate matters prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 on urea, experimental method: 2g of the granular material was mixed with 50mL of a 1mol/L urea solution, shaken for different times (1 h, 2h, 3h, 4h, 5 h), filtered, the total nitrogen content in the filtrate was measured, and then the urea content was calculated from the molecular weight of urea.
The calculation formula of the urea adsorption amount is as follows:
urea adsorption quantity = (initial urea mass-urea mass after adsorption)/particulate matter usage
As a result, referring to fig. 1, as the adsorption time is prolonged, the urea adsorption amount shows a trend of increasing and then decreasing, and finally tends to be stable, and reaches an adsorption peak value about 3 hours, and the result shows that the adsorption performance of the modified biochar is improved through the adsorption amount of comparative examples 1-3 and comparative example 1, and the modified biochar has better water and fertilizer retention effect after being applied to soil.
Example 4
An abrasive article for making the particulate material of examples 1-3, the abrasive article having the structure: including bottom plate 1, be equipped with the bottom of electric telescopic link 2 on the bottom plate 1, the top of telescopic link 2 is equipped with fly leaf 3, the fly leaf 3 top is equipped with template 4, have a plurality of trompils on the template 4, every trompil department all is equipped with flexible cup 5, the diameter of flexible cup 5 is 0.5-1cm, the edge of flexible cup 5 and the marginal seamless connection of trompil, and when not adding the material, flexible cup 5 is drooping naturally, template 4 top is equipped with fixed beam 6, the lateral wall of fixed beam 6 is equipped with mount 7, bottom plate 1, template 4 all set up on mount 7, in this embodiment, mount 7 is located bottom plate 1, template 4, fixed beam 6, the rear of scraper blade 8, be equipped with the vertical section of slidable L shape scraper blade 8 on the fixed beam 6, the horizontal section of scraper blade 8 is contacted with template 4 upper surface, the side of scraper blade 8 is used for pushing the particulate matter that prepares, be equipped with on the fixed beam 6 and be used for controlling scraper blade 8 gliding step motor.
Under the natural state, the flexible cup 5 naturally sags, the telescopic rod 2 contracts, at least 1cm of distance is reserved between the bottom of the flexible cup 5 and the movable plate 3, the scraping plate 8 is positioned on one side of the model plate 4, uniformly mixed materials are poured into the flexible cup 5, after the materials are ventilated, dried, naturally cooled and condensed, the telescopic rod 2 is started to drive the movable plate 3 to rise until the bottom of the flexible cup 5 is fully jacked up, so that particles are exposed out of the model plate 4, and then the stepping motor is started to drive the scraping plate 8 to scrape the particles on the model plate 4.
Example 5
A method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land comprises the following steps:
the probiotics are aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262, and can degrade cellulose substances in the straw, so that the decomposition of nitrogen elements and the like in the straw is promoted, and the absorption of soil to the nitrogen elements and the like is improved.
The probiotic culture is obtained by activating Aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262 with wort culture medium, and performing enlarged culture with liquid wort culture medium, wherein the conditions of activation and enlarged culture are 30+ -2deg.C for 60 hr. In practical use, the rice flour saccharifying liquid can be used as a culture medium for expansion culture, and the liquid wort culture medium is adopted in the experiment of the invention.
TABLE 1 nutrient status before and after soil improvement at 60cm depth
| Improvement front | After improvement | |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 1.22 | 1.79 |
| Whole phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.41 | 0.66 |
| Whole potassium (g/kg) | 0.36 | 0.47 |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 35.41 | 40.13 |
Example 6
A method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land comprises the following steps:
the probiotics are aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262, and can degrade cellulose substances in the straw, so that the decomposition of nitrogen elements and the like in the straw is promoted, and the absorption of soil to the nitrogen elements and the like is improved.
The probiotic culture is obtained by activating Aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262 with wort culture medium, and performing enlarged culture with liquid wort culture medium, wherein the conditions of activation and enlarged culture are 30+ -2deg.C for 60 hr.
TABLE 2 nutrient status before and after soil improvement at 60cm depth
| Improvement front | After improvement | |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 1.22 | 2.11 |
| Whole phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.41 | 0.75 |
| Whole potassium (g/kg) | 0.36 | 0.59 |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 35.41 | 44.08 |
It should be noted that, the connection relationships of the components not specifically mentioned in the present invention are all default to the prior art, and the connection relationships of the structures are not described in detail because they do not relate to the invention points and are common applications of the prior art.
It should be noted that, when numerical ranges are referred to in the present invention, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any numerical value between the two endpoints are optional, and because the adopted step method is the same as the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. It is therefore intended that the following claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiments and all such alterations and modifications as fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention also include such modifications and alterations insofar as they come within the scope of the appended claims or the equivalents thereof.
Claims (7)
1. The method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the land is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
modifying the straw charcoal powder with acid, and then adding an adhesive to prepare granular substances;
crushing straw into straw powder, adding probiotics liquid for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the probiotics is aspergillus oryzae @, and the probiotics liquid is a mixture of the fermentation product and the fermentation productAspergillus oryzae）CGMCC No.19262；
Respectively applying the granular matters, the straw powder and the ferment to soil;
the adhesive is gelatin powder or Jili butyl powder; adding water into the adhesive for dissolution, adding acid-treated straw charcoal powder, wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the acid-treated straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.5-0.8, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, pouring into a grinding tool, drying and cooling to prepare granular substances;
placing the granular substances into dilute acid for 0.5-1h, taking out, and naturally airing for later use;
the grinding tool has the following structure: including bottom plate (1), be equipped with the one end of motorized telescopic link (2) on bottom plate (1), the other end of telescopic link (2) is equipped with fly leaf (3), fly leaf (3) top is equipped with model board (4), have a plurality of trompils on model board (4), every trompil department all is equipped with flexible cup (5), model board (4) top is equipped with fixed beam (6), be equipped with mount (7) on fixed beam (6), bottom plate (1) model board (4) all set up on mount (7), be equipped with the vertical section of slidable L shape scraper blade (8) on fixed beam (6), the horizontal segment of scraper blade (8) with model board (4) upper surface contact, be equipped with on fixed beam (6) and be used for controlling the gliding step motor of scraper blade (8).
2. The method for returning straw biochar to the field for protecting land according to claim 1, wherein said land is a black land.
3. The method for returning straw biochar to field for protecting land according to claim 1, wherein the modification method of straw biochar powder is as follows: mixing straw biological carbon powder with 5mol/L acid solution according to the mass ratio of 3-4:1, standing for 1-2h, and mixing the straw biological carbon powder after acid treatment with an adhesive to prepare a granular substance.
4. The method for returning straw biochar to the field for protecting land according to claim 3, wherein said acid solution is a nitric acid solution.
5. The method for returning straw biochar to field for protecting land according to claim 1, wherein the specific preparation method of the ferment is as follows: mixing the straw powder and the probiotic culture according to the mass ratio of 100:3-10, composting and fermenting for 3-7 days, and then sterilizing.
6. The method for returning straw biochar to the field for protecting land according to claim 5, wherein the sterilization mode is insolation for 3d.
7. The method for returning straw biochar to field for protecting land according to claim 1, comprising the steps of:
firstly, applying the ferment to the soil surface, ploughing for more than 30cm in depth, applying the granular matters to the soil surface after 8-10 days, ploughing for less than 20cm, and adding straw powder to the soil surface after 5-7 days, and ploughing for more than 30cm in depth.
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