CN114931003A - Method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land - Google Patents
Method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land Download PDFInfo
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- CN114931003A CN114931003A CN202210530197.4A CN202210530197A CN114931003A CN 114931003 A CN114931003 A CN 114931003A CN 202210530197 A CN202210530197 A CN 202210530197A CN 114931003 A CN114931003 A CN 114931003A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F11/00—Other organic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Soil Conditioners And Soil-Stabilizing Materials (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a method for returning straw biochar to fields to protect land, which comprises the following steps: modifying straw charcoal powder with acid, and adding an adhesive to prepare a granular substance; crushing straws into straw powder, adding probiotic liquid for fermentation to obtain a fermented product; the granular substance, the straw powder and the fermentation product are respectively applied to the soil to improve the soil fertility. The invention provides a method for protecting soil by returning straw biochar to the field, which not only solves the problem of soil hardening, but also replenishes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter nutrient elements in soil in a diversified manner, and finally improves soil fertility.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agriculture and forestry, and particularly relates to a method for returning straw biochar to fields to protect land.
Background
Soil is an essential element for growing crops, most of the plants used at present, particularly food crops, are usually required to be planted and produced in the soil, and the water culture method is mostly suitable for plants such as flowers, vegetables and the like. As crops are planted in soil in successive years, nutrients in the soil are absorbed by the crops, so that the fertility of the soil is reduced year by year, and the serious condition affects the yield of the crops, so how to improve the soil fertility becomes a hot point for research.
In the prior art, methods for recovering and improving soil fertility mainly comprise: applying inorganic fertilizer, applying organic fertilizer, returning straw to field and the like; the application of inorganic fertilizer refers to the application of nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer, potash fertilizer or nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer and the like, the mode is mainly used for improving nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium elements in soil, but the excessive use of the inorganic fertilizer can cause the soil hardening problem; the application of organic fertilizers refers to the application of animal wastes, composts, green manure and the like, the mode is mainly used for improving the organic content in soil, but the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are not sufficient to supplement, and the auxiliary inorganic fertilizers are still needed to be used, so that the problem of soil hardening still exists; the straw returning is that the crop straws are crushed and then put on the ground surface, and the effect of returning to the field is achieved after ploughing, the mode can promote the formation of a soil granular structure and increase the air-permeable, water-permeable and fertilizer-retaining capacity of the soil, so that the soil fertility is improved, and although the problem of soil hardening can be solved, the increase of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matters is little; although the three methods can improve the soil fertility from different angles, the types of the increase of the nutrient elements in the soil are different,
in view of the above, there is a need to develop a method for comprehensively improving soil fertility, which not only overcomes the problem of soil hardening, but also supplements soil nutrient elements in a diversified manner, and finally improves soil fertility.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides a method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the soil, which not only overcomes the problem of soil hardening, but also replenishes nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and organic matter nutrient elements in the soil in a diversified manner, and finally improves the soil fertility.
The invention aims to provide a method for returning straw biochar to the field to protect the land, which comprises the following steps:
modifying straw charcoal powder with acid, and adding an adhesive to prepare a granular substance;
crushing straws into straw powder, adding probiotic bacteria for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the probiotic bacteria is aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No. 19262;
the granular substance, the straw powder and the fermentation product are respectively applied to the soil to improve the soil fertility.
Preferably, the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land is a black land.
Preferably, in the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the method for modifying the straw biochar powder comprises the following steps: mixing the straw charcoal powder and 5mol/L acid solution according to a mass ratio of 3-4:1, standing for 1-2h, changing the aperture and structure of the charcoal by using acid to improve the adsorption capacity of the charcoal, applying the charcoal to soil to improve the fertilizer retention effect of the soil, mixing the straw charcoal powder subjected to acid treatment and an adhesive to prepare granular substances, wherein the granular substances have a slow release effect, and can also physically improve the soil hardening condition and increase the air permeability effect of the soil.
Preferably, in the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the acid solution is a nitric acid solution.
Preferably, in the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the adhesive is gelatine powder or gilding powder; adding water into the adhesive for dissolving (heating for dissolving), then adding the straw charcoal powder after acid treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder after acid treatment is 1:1:0.5-0.8, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, pouring into a grinding tool, drying and cooling (ventilation drying and natural cooling) to prepare granular substances, and the particle size of the granular substances is 0.5-1 cm.
Preferably, the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land comprises the steps of putting the granular substances into dilute acid, taking out after 0.5-1h, and naturally airing for later use. The dilute acid is 0.1-0.5mol/L nitric acid solution.
Preferably, in the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the structure of the grinding tool is as follows: the improved multifunctional electric scraping machine comprises a base plate, be equipped with the one end of electronic telescopic link on the bottom plate, the other end of telescopic link is equipped with the fly leaf, the fly leaf top is equipped with the pattern plate, a plurality of trompils have on the pattern plate, and every trompil department all is equipped with flexible cup, the pattern plate top is equipped with the fixed beam, be equipped with the mount on the fixed beam, the bottom plate the pattern plate all sets up on the mount, be equipped with the vertical section of the scraper blade of slidable L shape on the fixed beam, the horizontal segment of scraper blade with surface contact on the pattern plate, be equipped with on the fixed beam and be used for control the gliding step motor of scraper blade.
Preferably, in the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land, the specific preparation method of the fermentation product is as follows: mixing the straw powder and the probiotic culture according to the mass ratio of 100:3-10, composting and fermenting for 3-7 days, and then sterilizing.
Preferably, the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land has a sterilization mode of insolation for 3 d.
Preferably, the method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land comprises the following steps:
the method comprises the steps of firstly applying the fermentation materials to soil, ploughing to a depth of more than 30cm, preferably 30-40cm, enabling nutrient elements in the straws to enter the soil surface, applying granular materials to the soil surface after 8-10 days, ploughing to a depth of less than 20cm, preferably 15-20cm, carrying out soil water and fertilizer retention operation, increasing soil fertility, adding common straw powder to the soil surface after 5-7 days, ploughing to a depth of more than 30cm, preferably 30-40cm, mixing nutrient substances in the depth of a plough layer so as to facilitate crop absorption and utilization, accelerating the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil after the soil fertility is improved, degrading the straw powder by using the microorganisms in the soil, further improving the soil fertility, and improving the soil hardening condition.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:
1. in the invention, the granular substance containing the biochar mainly has the function of increasing organic matters in soil, and after the biochar is modified, the granular substance has large grain size, so that the soil hardening condition can be improved after the granular substance is applied to the soil, the soil hardening improving capability of the biochar is improved, and the water and fertilizer retention capability of the soil is improved.
It should be noted that, because the particle size of the ordinary straw charcoal powder is small, the air permeability of the physical structure of the soil is difficult to improve, the hardening condition is only improved by the supplement of organic matters, but the organic matter content in the straw charcoal powder is not high, and a large amount of application is needed.
2. In the invention, the straw powder mainly has the functions of increasing the content of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in soil and improving the soil hardening; the biochar is combined with the straw powder and the fermentation product of the straw powder, and the strong combination is adopted, so that the organic matter content, the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content in the soil are jointly increased, and the soil hardening problem is solved.
3. According to the method for protecting the soil by returning the straw biochar to the field, provided by the invention, the nutrient substances are mixed in the depth of the plough layer so as to be convenient for crops to absorb and utilize, and after the soil fertility is improved, the propagation of beneficial microorganisms in the soil is accelerated, and the straw powder is degraded by the microorganisms in the soil, so that the soil fertility is further improved, and the soil hardening condition is improved.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows the experimental results of the adsorption performance of modified biochar;
figure 2 is a front view of the abrasive article of example 4.
Fig. 3 is a right side view of the abrasive article of example 4.
Detailed Description
In order that those skilled in the art will better understand the technical solutions of the present invention to be implemented, the present invention will be further described with reference to the following specific embodiments and accompanying drawings.
In the description of the present invention, reagents used are commercially available and methods used are conventional in the art, unless otherwise specified. The straw charcoal powder is purchased from Henan Xinuo environmental protection materials Co., Ltd, the iodine value of the product is 500, the granularity is 150 meshes, the total carbon content is 0.81mg/kg, and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium are 1.48mg/kg, 0.29mg/kg and 1.36mg/kg respectively. The test land is a black land, the pH of the soil is 6.4, the organic matter content of the soil with the depth of 60cm is 35.41g/kg, and the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus and total potassium are 1.22g/kg, 0.41g/kg and 0.36g/kg respectively.
Each of examples and comparative examples was tested using different cells, each having a length of 20m and a width of 4m, and adjacent cells each having a length and a width spaced apart by 1.5m, and 3 tests were repeated for each of examples and comparative examples.
Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) CGMCC No.19262 was purchased from China general microbiological culture Collection center (CGMCC).
In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "central," "longitudinal," "lateral," "length," "width," "thickness," "upper," "lower," "front," "rear," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "top," "bottom," "inner," "outer," "clockwise," "counterclockwise," "axial," "radial," "circumferential," and the like are used in the orientations and positional relationships indicated in the drawings for convenience in describing the invention and to simplify the description, and are not intended to indicate or imply that the referenced device or element must have a particular orientation, be constructed and operated in a particular orientation, and are not to be considered limiting of the invention.
Example 1
A method for preparing granular substance containing biochar comprises the following steps of modifying straw biochar powder by acid, and then adding an adhesive to prepare the granular substance:
mixing the straw charcoal powder with 5mol/L nitric acid solution according to the mass ratio of 3:1, standing for 2h, mixing the straw charcoal powder after acid treatment, water and gelatin powder, pouring into a grinding tool, and preparing into granular substances after ventilation drying and natural cooling, wherein the granular substances are spherical granules with the grain diameter of 0.5 cm.
Wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.5, and the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (the mixture can be dissolved by heating), then the straw charcoal powder is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
Example 2
A method for preparing granular substance containing biochar comprises the following steps of modifying straw biochar powder by acid, and then adding an adhesive to prepare the granular substance:
mixing the straw charcoal powder with 5mol/L nitric acid solution according to the mass ratio of 4:1, standing for 1h, mixing the straw charcoal powder subjected to acid treatment, water and gelatin powder, pouring the mixture into a grinding tool, and carrying out ventilation drying and natural cooling to prepare granular substances, wherein the granular substances are spherical granules with the grain diameter of 0.8 cm.
Wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.8, the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (the mixture can be dissolved by heating), then the straw charcoal powder is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
Example 3
A method for preparing granular substance containing biochar comprises the following steps:
Wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.5, and the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (the mixture can be dissolved by heating), then the straw charcoal powder is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
And 2, putting the granular substances into a nitric acid solution of 0.5mol/L, taking out after 0.5h, and naturally airing for later use.
Comparative example 1
A method for preparing granular substance containing biochar,
mixing straw charcoal powder, water and gelatin powder, pouring into a grinding tool, and making into granular substance after ventilation drying and natural cooling, wherein the granular substance is spherical particles with the particle size of 0.5 cm.
Wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder is 1:1:0.5, the adhesive is added into the weighed water to be dissolved (the mixture can be dissolved by heating), then the straw charcoal powder is added, and the mixture is fully stirred and uniformly mixed.
Evaluation of adsorption effect of particulate matters prepared in examples 1 to 3 and comparative example 1 on urea, experimental method: mixing 2g of granular substances with 50mL of 1mol/L urea solution, shaking for different time (1h, 2h, 3h, 4h and 5h), filtering, measuring the total nitrogen content in the filtrate, and calculating the urea content according to the molecular weight of urea.
The formula for calculating the urea adsorption amount is as follows:
urea adsorption amount (initial urea mass-urea mass after adsorption)/amount of particulate matter
The result is shown in fig. 1, the adsorption capacity of urea is increased and then decreased with the increase of the adsorption time, and finally tends to be stable, the adsorption peak value is reached about 3h, and the results show that the adsorption performance of the modified biochar is improved by comparing the adsorption capacity of the examples 1-3 and the adsorption capacity of the comparative example 1, and the modified biochar has better water and fertilizer retention effects after being applied to soil.
Example 4
An abrasive article for making the particulate material of examples 1-3, the abrasive article having the following construction: the device comprises a bottom plate 1, wherein the bottom of an electric telescopic rod 2 is arranged on the bottom plate 1, a movable plate 3 is arranged at the top of the telescopic rod 2, a model plate 4 is arranged above the movable plate 3, a plurality of openings are formed in the model plate 4, a flexible cup 5 is arranged at each opening, the diameter of each flexible cup 5 is 0.5-1cm, the edge of each flexible cup 5 is in seamless connection with the edge of each opening, when no material is added, the flexible cup 5 naturally droops, a fixed beam 6 is arranged above the model plate 4, a fixed frame 7 is arranged on the side wall of each fixed beam 6, the bottom plate 1 and the model plate 4 are both arranged on the fixed frame 7, in the embodiment, the fixed frame 7 is positioned behind the bottom plate 1, the model plate 4, the fixed beams 6 and the scraper blades 8, a vertical section of an L-shaped scraper blade 8 capable of sliding is arranged on each fixed beam 6, a horizontal section of the scraper blade 8 is in contact with the upper surface of the model plate 4, and the side surface of the scraper blade 8 is used for pushing prepared granular materials, the fixed beam 6 is provided with a stepping motor for controlling the scraper 8 to slide.
In a natural state, the flexible cup 5 naturally sags, the telescopic rod 2 contracts, at least 1cm of distance is reserved between the bottom of the flexible cup 5 and the movable plate 3, the scraper 8 is positioned on one side of the model plate 4, the uniformly mixed materials are poured into the flexible cup 5, after the materials are ventilated, dried, naturally cooled and condensed, the telescopic rod 2 is opened to drive the movable plate 3 to ascend until the bottom of the flexible cup 5 is completely jacked up, so that the particles are exposed out of the model plate 4, and then the stepping motor is started to drive the scraper 8 to scrape the particles on the model plate 4.
Example 5
A method for returning straw biochar to a field to protect the land comprises the following steps:
the probiotics is Aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262, and can degrade cellulose substances in the straws, further promote the decomposition of nitrogen elements and the like in the straws and improve the absorption of the soil to the nitrogen elements and the like.
The probiotic culture is prepared by activating Aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262 with wort culture medium, and performing amplification culture with liquid wort culture medium under the conditions of 30 + -2 deg.C for 60 hr. In addition, in actual use, the rice flour mash may be used as a medium for the scale-up culture, and the liquid wort medium is used in the experiment of the present invention.
Soil nutrient status before and after soil improvement with surface depth of 160 cm
| Before improvement | After improvement | |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 1.22 | 1.79 |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.41 | 0.66 |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | 0.36 | 0.47 |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 35.41 | 40.13 |
Example 6
A method for returning straw biochar to a field to protect the land comprises the following steps:
the probiotics is Aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262, and can degrade cellulose substances in the straws, further promote the decomposition of nitrogen elements and the like in the straws and improve the absorption of the soil to the nitrogen elements and the like.
The probiotic culture is prepared by activating Aspergillus oryzae CGMCC No.19262 with wort culture medium, and performing amplification culture with liquid wort culture medium under the conditions of 30 + -2 deg.C for 60 hr.
Nutrient status before and after soil improvement with surface depth of 260 cm
| Before improvement | After improvement | |
| Total nitrogen (g/kg) | 1.22 | 2.11 |
| Total phosphorus (g/kg) | 0.41 | 0.75 |
| Total potassium (g/kg) | 0.36 | 0.59 |
| Organic matter (g/kg) | 35.41 | 44.08 |
It should be noted that, the connection relation of the components not specifically mentioned in the present invention is the default of the prior art, and the connection relation of the structures is not described in detail since it does not relate to the invention point and is a common application of the prior art.
It should be noted that, when the present invention relates to a numerical range, it should be understood that two endpoints of each numerical range and any value between the two endpoints can be selected, and since the steps and methods adopted are the same as those in the embodiment, in order to prevent redundancy, the present invention describes a preferred embodiment. While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been described, additional variations and modifications in those embodiments may occur to those skilled in the art once they learn of the basic inventive concepts. Therefore, it is intended that the appended claims be interpreted as including the preferred embodiment and all changes and modifications that fall within the scope of the invention.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications may be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Thus, if such modifications and variations of the present invention fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention and their equivalents, the present invention is also intended to include such modifications and variations.
Claims (10)
1. A method for returning straw biochar to field to protect land is characterized by comprising the following steps:
modifying straw charcoal powder with acid, and adding an adhesive to prepare a granular substance;
crushing straws into straw powder, adding probiotic bacteria for fermentation to obtain a fermentation product, wherein the probiotic bacteria is Aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus oryzae) CGMCC No. 19262;
and respectively applying the granular substances, the straw powder and the fermentation product to the soil.
2. The method for returning straw biochar to field for protecting land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the land is black land.
3. The method for returning the straw biochar to the field to protect the land as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized in that the modification method of the straw biochar powder is as follows: mixing the straw charcoal powder with 5mol/L acid solution according to the mass ratio of 3-4:1, standing for 1-2h, and mixing the straw charcoal powder subjected to acid treatment and an adhesive to prepare a granular substance.
4. The method for returning the straw biochar to the field for protecting the land as claimed in claim 3, wherein the acid solution is a nitric acid solution.
5. The method for returning the straw biochar to the field for protecting the land as claimed in claim 4, wherein the adhesive is gelatin powder or gilliding powder; adding water into the adhesive for dissolving, then adding the straw charcoal powder after acid treatment, wherein the mass ratio of the adhesive to the water to the straw charcoal powder after acid treatment is 1:1:0.5-0.8, fully stirring and uniformly mixing, pouring into a grinding tool, drying and cooling to prepare granular substances.
6. The method for protecting the soil by returning the straw biochar to the field as claimed in claim 4, wherein the granular substances are put into dilute acid, taken out after 0.5-1h and naturally dried for later use.
7. The method for returning the straw biochar to the field for protecting the land as claimed in claim 5 or 6, wherein the grinding tool structure is as follows: including bottom plate (1), be equipped with the one end of electronic telescopic link (2) on bottom plate (1), the other end of telescopic link (2) is equipped with fly leaf (3), fly leaf (3) top is equipped with model board (4), a plurality of trompils have on model board (4), and every trompil department all is equipped with flexible cup (5), model board (4) top is equipped with fixed beam (6), be equipped with mount (7) on fixed beam (6), bottom plate (1) model board (4) all set up on mount (7), be equipped with the vertical section of slidable L shape's scraper blade (8) on fixed beam (6), the horizontal segment of scraper blade (8) with surface contact on model board (4), be equipped with on fixed beam (6) and be used for control the gliding step motor of scraper blade (8).
8. The method for returning the straw biochar to the field for protecting the land as claimed in claim 1, wherein the specific preparation method of the fermentation product is as follows: mixing the straw powder and the probiotic culture according to the mass ratio of 100:3-10, composting and fermenting for 3-7 days, and then sterilizing.
9. The method for protecting the land by returning the straw biochar to the field as claimed in claim 8, wherein the sterilization mode is insolation for 3 days.
10. The method for returning the straw biochar to the field for protecting the land as claimed in claim 1, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the fermented materials are applied to the surface of soil, ploughed to a depth of more than 30cm, after 8-10 days, the granular materials are applied to the surface of the soil, ploughed to a depth of less than 20cm, and after 5-7 days, the straw powder is added to the surface of the soil, and ploughed to a depth of more than 30 cm.
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| CN116082091A (en) * | 2023-01-06 | 2023-05-09 | 东北农业大学 | Fertilizing measure under mode of returning rice straws in cold regions |
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