CN101979368B - 一种盐析萃取发酵液中有机酸的方法 - Google Patents
一种盐析萃取发酵液中有机酸的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/48—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C51/00—Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides
- C07C51/42—Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives
- C07C51/50—Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
Abstract
本发明属于生物工程技术领域,涉及一种盐析萃取发酵液中有机酸的方法。其特征是向有机酸发酵液中加入可溶性无机盐或有机盐(固体或其浓溶液)和萃取剂,搅拌混匀,室温静置分相。当盐析萃取形成两相时,上相为富含有机酸的溶剂相,下相为富含其他成分的盐相。如果发酵液不经预处理直接进行萃取操作,两相之间会形成一个富含菌体和蛋白的固相层;当形成三相时,上相为溶剂相,中相为富含有机酸相,下相为富含其他成分的盐相,从而达到萃取分离有机酸的目的。本发明解决了目前发酵法生产有机酸分离工艺中存在的产品难以分离、成本高等问题。该方法工艺简单,分离时间短,成本低,回收率高,是一种具有工业应用前景的有机酸分离方法。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物工程技术领域,涉及到微生物发酵液的分离技术,特别涉及一种盐析萃取发酵液中有机酸的方法。
背景技术
有机酸(甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、柠檬酸、苹果酸、延胡索酸、己二酸、长链二元酸等,其中长链二元酸为十碳以上有机酸)作为生产前景广阔的化工原料和中间体,在很多领域都有着广泛的应用。其中乙酸主要用于制造聚乙酸乙烯酯和纤维素乙酸酯(又称醋酸纤维),也可用于合成各种衍生物,如乙酸甲酯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丙酯、乙酸丁酯等,同时乙酸也是涂料和油漆工业的极好溶剂;乳酸可用作防腐剂、调味料及酸味剂,而以乳酸为单体的聚乳酸PLA可广泛应用于医药、塑料、化妆品及农业中;琥珀酸是一种重要的C4平台化合物,可以衍化生成1,4-丁二醇、四氢呋喃、γ-丁内酯等大宗化学品,琥珀酸也广泛用于医药、食品、农药、香料、橡胶、防护涂料、染料和照相材料等工业中。长链二元酸是重要的精细化工中间体,可以合成香料、特种尼龙、聚酰胺热熔胶等一系列高附加值的特殊化学品。
有机酸的合成方法主要为化学合成法和微生物发酵法。化学合成法效率低、成本高、环境污染严重且产品纯度低,而微生物发酵法则原料丰富、产量高、成本低,因此受到广泛关注。但从发酵液中分离有机酸相对较困难,在有机酸发酵液中,除了目标产物有机酸外,还含有菌体、蛋白质、残糖等多种成分。传统的有机酸提取方法主要有钙盐法、有机溶剂液-液萃取法、离子交换吸附法和电渗析法等。钙盐法也称石灰-硫酸法,是一种传统的从发酵液中提取有机酸的方法,但此法收率低、单元操作损失多,而且会产生大量的固体废弃物硫酸钙,造成严重的环境污染,在环境问题日益严重的今天,这种方法显然不符合环保的要求。有机溶剂液-液萃取法省略了钙盐法的中和与酸解等步骤,而且不会产生硫酸钙,节省了原料,也减少了环境污染。宇山浩等人(公开号CN101410526A)将pH4.8或以下的乳酸发酵液用选自甲苯、二甲苯、己基苯、甲醇、乙醇、丙醇、丁醇和溶剂油的至少一种进行提取分离得到乳酸。刘纯等人(公开号CN 1070394A)应用甲基异丁基酮等有机溶剂精制十二碳二元酸。但其萃取过程中用到了大量的毒性有机溶剂,残留溶剂的毒性会对产品质量产生不良影响,而且该法不适合高离子强度的发酵液体系,此外还有溶剂回收问题。孙志浩等人(公开号CN 101348429)采用阳离子树脂交换提取发酵液中琥珀酸,但琥珀酸发酵液中的大量杂质离子会导致树脂污染严重,交换容量迅速下降,而且树脂的频繁再生会产生大量废液,造成严重的环境污染,使其应用受到限制。唐婧等人(公开号CN 101525285)应用双极膜电渗析技术分离生物制氢发酵液中的乙酸。虽然环保,但对处理液的要求较高,需要除去发酵液中的菌体、蛋白质、大分子物质及高价离子。此外,姚中等人(公开号CN 1887843A)利用膜分离、活性炭脱色及结晶技术从厌氧发酵法制备的发酵液中分离提取琥珀酸,但膜的清洗加大了劳动强度,而且50℃脱色及65℃和-0.08~-0.1MPa下的减压蒸发浓缩,会导致大量的能耗,价格昂贵的活性炭也增加了提取成本,而且发酵液酸化时会产生大量硫酸盐,极可能造成硫酸盐超标及收率下降。吴吴等人(公开号CN101475464A)利用纳滤法从琥珀酸发酵液中分离提取琥珀酸,本方法通过两次超滤和纳滤后,减压蒸发浓缩,冷却结晶后得到琥珀酸,但纳滤膜需要周期性的清洗,会产生大量的废液,造成一定的环境问题。此外,目前所报道的从有机酸发酵液中分离提取有机酸的方法都存在一个共同问题,即发酵液都需要通过过滤或离心的方法除去菌体和蛋白之后再进行分离。
近几年一些研究者在进行溶剂析出结晶研究时发现,在适当温度条件下,如果体系中无机盐、有机溶剂和水的浓度适当,这类体系中的盐可能不会析出结晶,而是出现液液分相现象。如果所用有机溶剂是亲水的低分子物质,如甲醇、乙醇、丙酮等,就可以形成一种新型的双水相萃取体系。与传统的高分子聚合物双水相体系相比,这种新型的双水相体系黏度低、分相快、不易乳化且成本低。尽管这方面研究在国内外刚刚起步,但已表现出良好的分离性能,如用新型双水相体系萃取发酵液中1,3-丙二醇和2,3-丁二醇(公开号CN101012151A;公开号CN 101531652A)。实际上,盐析效应既对亲水性有机溶剂的萃取有明显效果,对传统的有机萃取也有显著的改善效果,盐析与萃取结合形成新型的盐析萃取技术,而新型双水相萃取是盐析萃取的一种形式。到目前为止,盐析萃取体系分离提取发酵液中的有机酸尚未见文献报道。盐析萃取技术分配系数高、收率高、溶剂用量少、成本低、条件温和,对设备的腐蚀性弱,而且所用无机盐和有机盐可回收,进行多级盐析萃取或应用于发酵中。盐析萃取中所使用的溶剂沸点低,有利于后续的纯化步骤。最值得关注的是盐析萃取技术可以直接从发酵液中分离提取有机酸,免除了过滤去除菌体和蛋白这一步,简化了操作步骤,降低了成本,减少了损失。本发明利用盐析萃取技术萃取发酵液中的有机酸,为直接从发酵液中提取分离有机酸提供了一种新思路,使发酵法生产有机酸有更广阔的工业前景。
发明内容
本发明针对目前从有机酸发酵液中提取目标产物存在的效率低,成本高,菌体、蛋白质及葡萄糖等去除困难等问题,提出利用盐析萃取技术来提取分离发酵液中的有机酸的新方法。
本发明的技术方案:
发酵液可以是发酵模拟液,也可以是经过滤除去菌体和蛋白的清液或者是未经处理的发酵原液,发酵液中有机酸浓度为20~170g/L,pH值为2~10。向发酵液中添加一种或二种以上可溶性无机盐或有机盐(固体或浓溶液),以及单一或复合萃取剂,搅拌均匀后于室温下静置分相1~8h,其中盐质量百分数为15~35%,萃取剂的质量百分数为15~35%。当盐析萃取形成两相时,上相即为富含有机酸的溶剂相或萃取相,下相为富盐相或萃余相,菌体和蛋白在两相之间形成固相层;当形成三相时,上相为溶剂相,中相为富含有机酸相,下相为富含其他成分的盐相。
可溶性无机盐为氯化钠、硫酸铵、硫酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钠或磷酸二氢钾等。可溶性有机盐为醋酸钠、醋酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠蒙酸钾、草酸钠或草酸钾。萃取剂为甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、丙酮、乙二醇、乙醚、乙酸甲酯或乙酸乙酯。
本发明的效果和益处:
本发明解决了发酵法生产有机酸产物分离困难的问题,而且较传统的高聚物双水相体系相比,这种盐析萃取体系粘度低、分相快、成本低,非常利于工业化操作。此外,这种盐析萃取体系可以直接处理发酵液,在分离萃取的同时去除发酵液中的菌体、蛋白、多糖,解决了超滤除杂动力消耗较大、需要对膜进行清洗等问题。另外,目标产物有机酸分配于沸点较低的有机溶剂相中,非常有利于后续的分离提纯。
具体实施方式
以下结合技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施方式。
实施例1:甲酸的盐析萃取分离
配制浓度为20g/L的甲酸发酵模拟液。取4.7g模拟液,加入2.8g磷酸氢二钾和2.5g甲醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含甲酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。甲酸的分配系数为34.8,回收率为98.6%。
实施例2:乳酸的盐析萃取分离
将乳酸发酵液经中空纤维膜过滤,得澄清滤液,乳酸浓度为170g/L。取5.6g滤液,加入1.4g磷酸氢二钾和3g乙醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含乳酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。乳酸的分配系数为7.0,回收率为98.7%。
取浓度为170g/L的乳酸发酵液5.6g,加入1.4g磷酸氢二钾和3g乙醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置分相,上相为富含乳酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相,菌体和蛋白处于两相之间。乳酸的分配系数11.2,回收率为98.7%,蛋白和菌体的去除率分别为83.9%和100%。
配制浓度为170g/L的乳酸发酵模拟液。取4.7g模拟液,加入2.8g磷酸氢二钾和2.5g甲醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含乳酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。乳酸的分配系数为37.2,回收率为98.7%。
配制浓度为170g/L的乳酸发酵模拟液。取5.0g模拟液,加入2.5g磷酸钾和2.5g乙醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含乳酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。乳酸的分配系数为2.19,回收率为83.2%。
配制浓度为170g/L的乳酸发酵模拟液。取5.0g模拟液,加入2.5g硫酸铵和2.5g甲醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含乳酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。乳酸的分配系数为2.06,回收率为77.6%。
实施例3:乙酸的盐析萃取分离
将乙酸发酵液经中空纤维膜过滤,得澄清滤液,乙酸浓度为40g/L。取5.6g滤液,加入1.4g磷酸氢二钾和3g乙醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含乙酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。乙酸的分配系数为5.4,回收率为98.8%。
取浓度为40g/L的乙酸发酵液5.6g,加入1.4g磷酸氢二钾和3g乙醇,乙酸的分配系数6.9,回收率为98.8%,蛋白和菌体的去除率分别为81.9%和100%。
配制浓度为40g/L的乙酸发酵模拟液。取4.9g模拟液,加入2.6g磷酸氢二钾和2.5g甲醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含乙酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。乙酸的分配系数为30.6,回收率为98.6%。
实施例4:琥珀酸的盐析萃取分离
将琥珀酸发酵液经中空纤维膜过滤,得澄清滤液,琥珀酸浓度为45g/L,向6.5g的澄清发酵液中加入1.5g磷酸氢二钾和2g乙醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含琥珀酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。琥珀酸的分配系数为6.4,回收率为92.3%。
取浓度为45g/L的琥珀酸发酵液5.6g,加入1.5g磷酸氢二钾和2g乙醇,琥珀酸的分配系数8.2,回收率为98.7%,蛋白和菌体的去除率分别为85.9%和100%。
实施例5:十二碳二元酸的萃取分离
将十二碳二元酸发酵液经中空纤维膜过滤,得澄清滤液,十二碳二元酸浓度为57g/L。向5.5g的澄清发酵液中加入2.0g磷酸氢二钾和2.5g乙醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成两相,上相为富含十二碳二元酸的醇相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。十二碳二元酸的分配系数为37.5,回收率为98.7%。
取浓度为57g/L的十二碳二元酸发酵液5.5g,加入2.0g磷酸氢二钾和2.5g乙醇,十二碳二元酸的回收率为98.7%,蛋白和菌体的去除率分别为82.9%和100%。
配制浓度为57g/L的十二碳二元酸发酵模拟液。取5.5g模拟液,加入2.0g磷酸氢二钾和2.5g正丁醇,搅拌均匀,室温静置,形成三相,上相为醇相,中相为富含十二碳二元酸相,下相为富含其它成分的盐相。十二碳二元酸的回收率为88.6%。
Claims (1)
1.一种盐析萃取发酵液中有机酸的方法,其特征是:
发酵液是发酵模拟液、经过滤除去菌体和蛋白的清液或者是未经处理的发酵原液,发酵液中有机酸浓度为20~170g/L,pH值为2~10;向发酵液中添加一种或二种以上可溶性无机盐或有机盐,以及单一或复合萃取剂,搅拌均匀后于室温下静置分相1~8h,其中盐质量百分数为15~35%,萃取剂的质量百分数为15~35%;当盐析萃取形成两相时,上相即为富含有机酸的溶剂相或萃取相,下相为富盐相或萃余相,菌体和蛋白在两相之间形成固相层;当形成三相时,上相为溶剂相,中相为富含有机酸相,下相为富含其他成分的盐相;
所述的有机酸是甲酸、乙酸、乳酸、琥珀酸、十二碳二元酸;可溶性无机盐为硫酸铵、硫酸钠、碳酸钠、碳酸钾、磷酸钠、磷酸钾、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸氢二钾、磷酸二氢钠或磷酸二氢钾;可溶性有机盐为醋酸钠、醋酸钾、柠檬酸钠、柠蒙酸钾、草酸钠或草酸钾;
萃取剂为亲水性有机溶剂,甲醇、乙醇、正丙醇、异丙醇、丙酮。
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CN112876431B (zh) * | 2021-01-18 | 2024-01-19 | 深圳大学 | 微藻岩藻黄素和岩藻黄醇以及二十碳五烯酸的提取方法 |
CN115028530A (zh) * | 2021-03-03 | 2022-09-09 | 上海凯赛生物技术股份有限公司 | 一种长链二元酸的提取工艺及长链二元酸产品 |
CN113336639B (zh) * | 2021-06-11 | 2023-12-19 | 万华化学(四川)有限公司 | 一种双水相萃取提纯乳酸的方法 |
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US4705984A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1987-11-10 | U.S. Philips Corporation | Electrical lamp with a screw base formed by identical halves |
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