CN101978153A - 例如中冷器的热交换器 - Google Patents

例如中冷器的热交换器 Download PDF

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CN101978153A
CN101978153A CN2009801087264A CN200980108726A CN101978153A CN 101978153 A CN101978153 A CN 101978153A CN 2009801087264 A CN2009801087264 A CN 2009801087264A CN 200980108726 A CN200980108726 A CN 200980108726A CN 101978153 A CN101978153 A CN 101978153A
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heat exchanger
closed channel
sidewall
cooling liquid
turbulator
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CN101978153B (zh
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A·诺伦
B-O·比耶松
L·阿马亚
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Titan X Holdings Ltd
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F13/00—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing
    • F28F13/06—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media
    • F28F13/12—Arrangements for modifying heat-transfer, e.g. increasing, decreasing by affecting the pattern of flow of the heat-exchange media by creating turbulence, e.g. by stirring, by increasing the force of circulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0008—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium
    • F28D7/0025—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for one medium being in heat conductive contact with the conduits for the other medium the conduits for one medium or the conduits for both media being flat tubes or arrays of tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/0041—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits for only one medium being tubes having parts touching each other or tubes assembled in panel form
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/1684—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/126—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element consisting of zig-zag shaped fins
    • F28F1/128—Fins with openings, e.g. louvered fins
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/025—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements
    • F28F3/027—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being corrugated, plate-like elements with openings, e.g. louvered corrugated fins; Assemblies of corrugated strips
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    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0082—Charged air coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F21/00—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials
    • F28F21/08—Constructions of heat-exchange apparatus characterised by the selection of particular materials of metal
    • F28F21/081—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys
    • F28F21/084—Heat exchange elements made from metals or metal alloys from aluminium or aluminium alloys
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2210/00—Heat exchange conduits
    • F28F2210/08—Assemblies of conduits having different features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2275/00—Fastening; Joining
    • F28F2275/04—Fastening; Joining by brazing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F3/00—Plate-like or laminated elements; Assemblies of plate-like or laminated elements
    • F28F3/02—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations
    • F28F3/04—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element
    • F28F3/042—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element
    • F28F3/044—Elements or assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with recesses, with corrugations the means being integral with the element in the form of local deformations of the element the deformations being pontual, e.g. dimples

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Abstract

本发明涉及一种热交换器，例如水冷式中冷器(WCCAC)，用于在冷却液的辅助下冷却进气。所述热交换器包括进气管和由金属波纹板制成的冷却液湍流器(10)，该冷却液湍流器置于所述进气管之间。所述湍流器(10)形成有冷却液通道(11、16)，并且所述湍流器之中设置有湍流部(15)。根据本发明，至少一个通道(16)具有至少一个连续成形的侧壁(19)，所述侧壁(19)在其整个长度上无孔隙，因此通过阻止冷却液向相邻通道(11)的横向流动来促进冷却液沿着所述通道(16)流动。

Description

例如中冷器的热交换器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种热交换器，例如水冷式中冷器(WCCAC)，用于在冷却液的辅助下冷却进气，所述热交换器包括进气管和由金属波纹板(corrugated sheet)制成的冷却液湍流器，该冷却液湍流器置于所述进气管之间，所述湍流器形成有冷却液通道，并且所述湍流器之中设置有湍流部。
背景技术
从欧洲专利申请EP1707911A1中可知前序部分所述的热交换器。根据该篇专利申请中所示和描述的实施方式，冷却液湍流器由金属波纹板制成，波纹形成了与几乎垂直的侧壁以锐角相连的平的底壁和顶壁。从上方看，所述侧壁显示了具有交替的直侧壁部分的偏移图案(offset pattern)，所述直侧壁部分以数学上所说的非连续方式从左侧跳跃至右侧，再从右侧返回到左侧，因此形成具有断裂轮廓线的侧壁。在所述侧壁部分之间具有孔隙，冷却液可以通过这些孔隙从一个冷却液通道流到另一个冷却液通道，因此允许一种横向流动。由于冷却液不沿着湍流器的整个长度流动，所以该横向流动导致冷却液热交换的损耗。
在所述文件中描述但是没有显示的实施方式中，偏移的侧壁部分之间的孔隙封闭，因此形成封闭的通道。很显然，这防止了从一个封闭通道向另一个封闭通道的横向流动，因此，理论上改善了所述情况。可是，事实上，封闭通道的非连续侧壁的尖锐的断裂轮廓线导致高的摩擦，因此增加了对封闭通道中的冷却液的限制。因此，本实施方式与通道侧壁中具有孔隙的实施方式相比不具有任何现实的优点。
发明内容
与现有技术相比，本发明的目的是通过消除现有技术的缺点来改善根据前序部分的热交换器，特别是当压力下降时，并且还为冷却液和进气管内的空气之间最优化的热交换提供足够的湍流。
本发明的目的通过至少一个通道实现，该至少一个通道具有至少一个连续成形的侧壁，沿着所述侧壁的整个长度没有孔隙，因此通过阻止冷却液向相邻通道的横向流动来促进冷却液沿着所述通道流动。与现有技术方案相反，所述波纹湍流器的所有通道都具有侧壁，所述侧壁设计为用来产生湍流，根据本发明，至少一个通道侧壁设计为促进冷却液流动，该至少一个通道侧壁能够以显著的方式减少压力下降而不会危及热交换器的冷却效率。
根据本发明的一个实施方式，至少三个通道为封闭通道，所述封闭通道的两侧都具有这种连续侧壁，并且所述封闭通道沿着所述湍流器的横向规则间隔。很明显地，大量有孔隙的湍流促进通道之间设置的单独的封闭通道，对压力下降只有很小的效果，更多数量的封闭通道可以改善这种情况。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，至少每十个通道有一个封闭通道，所述封闭通道的两侧具有这种连续成形的侧壁。在大多数热交换器中都已证实，如果封闭通道的间距没有超过上述距离则具有最佳效果，也就是说，获得冷却效率和压力下降之间的良好折中。
根据本发明的另一实施方式，所有的通道都是封闭通道，所述封闭通道具有位于两侧的连续成形的无孔隙的侧壁，以及顶壁和底壁，该顶壁和底壁具有用于产生湍流的倒置的凹陷，该凹陷沿着所述封闭通道的整个长度以预定间隔设置并向所述封闭通道内突出。在本发明的此实施方式中，所述湍流器的所有通道都是封闭的且促进冷却液流动的通道，这导致压力下降很小但是冷却效率变差。这可以通过所述倒置的凹陷以一种非常简单的方式来改善，所述凹陷产生与现有技术的热交换器的有孔隙或无孔隙的侧壁相比流动阻力更小的湍流。
优选地，在本发明的后一实施方式中，所述封闭通道由于平缓曲折的侧壁而形成曲折的形状。这种选择的曲折的形状进一步提高了湍流，但是实际上并没有增加流动阻力。
此外，在后一实施方式的优选实施方式中，倒置的凹陷设置于在所述封闭通道的每个曲折转向处的顶壁和底壁上。这种设计的通道经证实在冷却效率和压力下降之间具有良好的折中。
根据一种优选实施方式，所有的通道都具有第一种无孔隙的连续成形的侧壁，和第二种具有用于产生湍流的孔隙的相对的侧壁。很明显地，这种方法能够限制冷却液流动而不会增加很多阻力，并且能够产生足够的湍流来实现高的热交换效率。
优选地，在热交换器的所述优选实施方式中，所述用于产生湍流的孔隙也在所述通道的顶壁和底壁上形成中断部。并且，这对热交换效率有利。
附图说明
下面结合示意图详细说明本发明。
在附图中：
图1是为了清楚起见而将部件拆除的热交换器的等轴视图；
图2是本发明第一实施方式的湍流器的等轴视图；
图3是图2中的湍流器的部分横截面视图；
图4是本发明第二实施方式的湍流器的等轴视图；
图5是图4中的湍流器的部分横截面视图；
图6是本发明的第三且优选的实施方式的等轴视图；和
图7是图6中湍流器的部分横截面视图。
具体实施方式
图1的热交换器1为通过冷却液(主要包括水)冷却内燃机(未图示)进气的所谓的水冷式中冷器(Water Cooled Charge Air Cooler)。冷却液通过所述发动机的泵循环，并通过散热器将积累的热量消散，该冷却液还能为所述发动机散热。
进气通过两个相对的整流罩2、3引导而进入或者离开热交换器1，在热交换器1内部，进气流过空气管4。空气管4设计为扁平的，并贯穿所述热交换器1平行延伸，空气管4分为四组，每组各五个空气管4。在每组中，空气管4的扁平侧彼此相对或者空气管4的扁平侧与热交换器1的外壳壁相对。多个冷却液湍流器5与空气管4的扁平侧交叉并焊接到所述扁平侧上。这些冷却液湍流器5优选地由铝金属片制成。如四个箭头6、7所指示的，冷却液湍流器限定了一条从冷却液入口8至冷却液出口9的穿过热交换器的总的曲折的流动路径。冷却液湍流器通过形成波纹图案来实现上述流动路径，波峰和波谷相对于空气管4横向延伸，该冷却液湍流器的设计将在下面详细介绍。
在图2和图3中，显示了根据本发明的热交换器1的第一实施方式的湍流器10的一部分。湍流器10由铝金属片制成，该铝金属片冲压为包括两种通道的波纹图案。
第一种通道用11来表示，该通道具有平的顶壁和底壁12、13，和垂直侧壁14。侧壁14中具有用于产生湍流的孔隙15，该用于产生湍流的孔隙15以已知方式偏移冲压/切割(offset stamping/cutting)来产生，并形成不连续的侧壁形状。孔隙15允许冷却液在通道11之间横向流动，如果所有穿过湍流器10的通道都是这一种类的通道，那么还会导致图1中箭头6所示的冷却液流动模式。这种流动模式导致对效率不利的横向流动。
为了弥补这一点，在第一种有孔隙的通道11之间设置第二种通道，用16来表示。通道16也具有平的顶壁和底壁17、18，和垂直侧壁19。可是，这些侧壁19平直且没有孔隙地连续形成。通过这种方式，通道16阻碍冷却液横向流动到相邻的通道11，并将穿过热交换器1的冷却液流动限制得更窄，如图1箭头7所示的更加直线型的流动路径。
很明显，第二种封闭通道16传递热量并不像第一种开放通道11一样有效率。因此，优选地，封闭通道16的设置数量少于开放通道11。为了热交换器1能够较窄，多个开放通道11中设置一个封闭通道16就完全足够。可是，较宽的热交换器1需要比上述情况更多的封闭通道16，从而使穿过热交换器的冷却液流动更直。因此，在较宽的热交换器中推荐使用多个封闭通道16，每个封闭通道16都由多个开放通道围绕，优选地，多个封闭通道16之间间隔均匀，例如至少每十个开放通道中有一个封闭通道16。
在图4和图5中，显示了根据本发明的热交换器1的第二实施方式的湍流器20的一部分。湍流器20也由冲压成波纹图案的铝金属片制成，但是只有一种通道。
这些通道用21来表示，具有平的顶壁和底壁22、23，和垂直侧壁24。侧壁24相互平行，并具有形状曲折的轮廓，尽管侧壁24上没有任何孔隙，当冷却液通过时仍然能导致某种程度的湍流。湍流还通过倒置的凹陷25进一步增强，所述倒置的凹陷25通过对铝金属片的冲压，沿着通道21的整个长度以特定间距向通道21的内部突出。优选地如图所示，间距的设置使得在通道21的每个曲折转向处都形成一个倒置的凹陷25。
很明显地，具有只有波状封闭通道21的湍流器20的第二实施方式的热交换器1比第一实施方式的热交换器1产生更低的流动阻力，因为第二实施方式的热交换器1对冷却液横向流动的阻碍更大。可是，在没有由倒置的凹陷25产生的额外的湍流，仅依靠无孔隙连续的曲折形状侧壁24产生的湍流的情况下，需要增大热交换器1的尺寸从而实现相类似的冷却效果。
在图6和图7中，显示了根据本发明的热交换器1的第三实施方式的湍流器30的部分。湍流器30也由冲压成波纹图案的铝金属片制成，与第二实施方式类似，该湍流器30只包括一种通道。
这些通道用31表示，包括垂直侧壁32、33，以及顶壁和底壁34、35。侧壁32、33相互平行，但是为两个不同的种类。因此，第一种侧壁32类似于本发明第一实施方式中的封闭侧壁19，而第二种侧壁33类似于本发明第一实施方式中的有孔隙的侧壁14。这使得通道31既能够通过第一种没有孔隙的平滑侧壁32促进冷却液流动，又能通过第二种带有孔隙36的侧壁33促进热交换。
优选地，在第三实施方式中，所述孔隙36还在通道31的顶壁和底壁34、35上形成中断部。这在需要产生通过冲压形成的产品时特别有利并与之前两个通道侧壁都形成空隙的方案不同。
很明显地，以上描述的实施方式可以以不同的方式在本发明的范围内组合。

Claims (8)

1.一种热交换器(1)，例如水冷式中冷器，用于在冷却液的辅助下冷却进气，所述热交换器(1)包括进气管(4)和由金属波纹板制成的冷却液湍流器(5；10；20；30)，该冷却液湍流器(5；10；20；30)置于所述进气管(4)之间，所述冷却液湍流器(5；10；20；30)形成有冷却液通道(11、16；21；31)，并且所述冷却液湍流器(5；10；20；30)中设置有湍流部(15；25；36)，
其特征在于，至少一个通道(11、16；21；31)具有至少一个连续成形的侧壁(19；24；32)，该侧壁(19；24；32)在其整个长度上没有孔隙，因此通过阻止冷却液向相邻通道(11；21；31)的横向流动来促进冷却液沿着所述通道(16；21；31)流动。
2.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器(1)，其中，至少三个通道为封闭通道(16)，该封闭通道(16)的两侧具有这种连续成形的侧壁(19)，并且所述封闭通道(16)沿着所述冷却液湍流器(10)的横向规则间隔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器(1)，其中，所述冷却液湍流器(10)的至少每十个通道有一个封闭通道(16)，该封闭通道(16)的两侧都具有这种连续成形的侧壁(19)。
4.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器(1)，其中，所有通道都为封闭通道(21)，该封闭通道(21)具有位于两侧的连续成形的无孔隙的侧壁(24)，以及顶壁和底壁(22、23)，所述顶壁和底壁(22、23)具有用于产生湍流的倒置的凹陷(25)，该凹陷(25)沿着所述封闭通道(21)的整个长度以预定间隔分布并向所述封闭通道(21)内突出。
5.根据权利要求4所述的热交换器(1)，其中，所述封闭通道(21)由于平缓曲折的所述侧壁(24)而形成为曲折的形状。
6.根据权利要求5所述的热交换器(1)，其中，在所述封闭通道(21)的每个曲折转向处，所述顶壁和底壁(22、23)上设置有倒置的凹陷(25)。
7.根据权利要求1所述的热交换器(1)，其中，所有的所述通道(31)都具有第一种无孔隙的连续成形的侧壁(32)，和第二种具有用于产生湍流的孔隙(36)的相对的侧壁(33)。
8.根据权利要求7所述的热交换器(1)，其中，所述用于产生湍流的孔隙(36)也在所述通道(31)的顶壁和底壁(34、35)上形成中断部。
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