CN1019656B - 飞机窗户的防潮气密封 - Google Patents

飞机窗户的防潮气密封

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CN1019656B
CN1019656B CN89109163.7A CN89109163A CN1019656B CN 1019656 B CN1019656 B CN 1019656B CN 89109163 A CN89109163 A CN 89109163A CN 1019656 B CN1019656 B CN 1019656B
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CN1043913A (zh
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帕特里夏·伯奇菲尔德·沃尔特斯
大卫·卡尔·艾伦
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PPG Industries Inc
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Abstract

一种分了透明体包括在透明体周边周围的柔性环氧树脂防潮湿密封装置。透明体的边缘必需清洗干净并用硅烷进行表面处理。

Description

本发明涉及层状的透明体，更具体地说是属于飞机挡风玻璃为防止由于玻璃夹层吸收潮气而分层的一种密封装置。
飞机上的透明体一般是一个分层的组件，它包括安放在刚性透明层之间的多层材料层。刚性透明层可以是玻璃或任何其他众所熟知的代用材料，如聚碳酸酯，聚丙烯树脂、聚酯和刚性透明的聚氨基甲酸酯。将相邻的刚性片层粘接在一起形成一个层状组件的热塑性夹层统一体可以是一种诸如聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，硅树脂，或聚氨脂的材料。当这些材料被暴露在潮湿环境中一段时间时，发现这些夹层材料会丧失其粘附性质，并使在刚性片层之间的粘接物退化，结果造成强度降低，并可能使透明体各层分离。为了防止湿气从透明体的边缘渗透到夹层中，沿着透明物体的边缘或沿着夹层材料暴露在湿气中的透明物件的任何其他部位应采用潮湿密封装置。密封夹层材料，除了能防止湿气侵入以外，密封材料在低温下还必须是柔性的，因为飞机的透明体经常暴露在这种低温环境中，这样可不致使密封装置或透明体破裂或把边条从透明体的边缘搭拉下来。另外，根据使用情况，密封材料还必需能够在长期暴露在紫外线辐射的条件下保持其防潮密封性能，因为这种紫外线辐射会使密封胶材料退化。
美国斯蒂芬尼克（Stefanik）发明的No.4，046，951号专利介绍了一种分层的透明体，它具有一种复合的边缘密封装置，实质上是由一薄的有机氟合成物的隔板层和具有抗湿性的密封胶层构成， 密封胶层粘在透明体薄层和隔板层上。
美国沙夫尔（Shaffer）发明的No.4，121，014号专利介绍了一种透明体层压制件，它具有一个可塑的聚乙烯醇缩乙醛层，该层利用聚氨基甲酸酯或环氧树脂的粘附薄膜固定在聚碳酸酯层上。
美国奥尔桑（Olson）发明的No.4，204，374号专利介绍了一种抗冲击的挡风玻璃的边缘设计。在挡风玻璃周边周围外侧层板的表面上有斜槽用柔性的密封胶注入，如聚氨基甲酸酯，聚硫化物，硅树脂或类似的物质，用作防护抗脱层。
美国奥卡特（Orcutt）发明的No.4，277，294号专利与齐伯里多斯基（Zibritosky）发明的No.4，324，373号专利介绍了一种层状窗户板，在其边缘周围有一个硅树脂缓冲挡条，以阻止湿气渗入夹层材料中。
美国赫利克塞格（Herliczek）发明的No.4，284，677号专利介绍了一种窗用玻璃部件，它利用聚乙烯醇缩丁醛作为夹层材料，并在玻璃板边缘使用密封装置。
本发明提供了一种分层透明体用的抗潮湿边缘密封装置。该密封材料是柔性的环氧树脂，在具有聚氨脂夹层材料的透明体中特别有用。在本发明的一个特定的实施例中，环氧树脂是触变性的，二元的，轻质的，在室温下固化的环氧树脂密封胶。可以使用如硅烷涂料来处理边缘表面。
图1是体现本发明特征的一个层状组件边缘的横截面图。
图2是结合本发明特点的另一种层状组件边缘的横截面图。
本发明是结合其用于飞机透明体的边缘密封一起来说明的，但必需指明，本发明可从用于任何一种层状透明体中，只要对该透明体周 围边缘附近的抗潮湿密封有严格要求的就行。
图Ⅰ表示一个飞机窗户组件10的横截面图，它包括一个边缘密封装置，这正是本发明的主题。组件10可以是平面状的，稍微弯曲的或者成型成某一飞机座舱盖的明显弯曲形状的。在图1所示的特定实施例中，组件10是一个玻璃层压制件，但必要理解，它亦可以，例如是玻璃和塑料的层压制件，或是全塑料层压制件，或者包括任意一种其他刚性的透明材料，例如-但不仅限于此-聚碳酸酯或聚丙烯树脂。玻璃板12，14与16用夹层18与20粘接在一起，夹层一般包括一层或多层聚乙烯醇缩丁醛夹层材料。为了增加组件10的强度，在外侧玻璃板12与夹层18之间加入了一个类似于美国Seeger等人发明的No.3，931，113号专利刊载的聚氨脂材料的夹层22，该专利的介绍此处列在参考文献中。可以这样认为，虽然图Ⅰ表示沿着玻璃板12的单一的聚氨脂夹层22，然而聚氨脂层22可以处于组件10内的任何其他位置上，并且还可以使用附加的聚氨脂层以增加组件10的强度。
组件10作成框架形式，以便利用插入件24和盘形件26将其安装在飞机的配合孔洞中（没有示出），插入件和盘形件用结构上坚固，重量轻的材料，例如铝制成，并有一个螺栓（没有示出）孔28，用于将组件10固定在飞机上。用硅树脂或聚氯丁橡胶精心制成的预制成型的密封垫30固定在组件10的外侧边缘区上，它敷设在夹层22和插入件24上。硅树脂密封垫32固定在盘形件26上，以便当组件10安装在飞机上时，可实现加压密封。在玻璃板12和玻璃板14与16周边边缘38和40的周围分别有防潮湿密封装置34与36，以便阻止湿气进入分层组件而引起边缘脱层。
在飞机窗户上，硅树脂或聚硫化物材料通常用作边缘密封。但是，已经发现当这些材料用于分层透明体的边缘密封，特别是具有聚氨脂夹层的透明体时，这些材料具有某些缺陷。在聚硫化物密封材料中的硫转移至聚氨酯中，就会引起它离解和退化，这样，由于粘附特性下降，进而会导致边缘各层分离。而硅树脂不会受硫侵蚀，但它对湿气则太易渗透了。湿气从周围边缘侵入组件10内会造成脱层和/或在组件内加热电路和/或静电消散电路的短路，具体地说会沿着外侧玻璃板12的内表面42构成回路。
为了避免以上情况，本发明采用柔性环氧树脂材料作边缘密封34，它不会影响聚氨脂夹层222。在本发明的一个特定的实施例中，边缘密封材料是从俄亥俄州BFGoodrish公司，获得的一种柔性环氧密封胶，出售时的商品名称为Plastlock    425。这种材料是一种触变的，二元的，轻质的，室温下固化的环氧密封胶，它在-67°F（-55℃）的温度以下仍保持柔软性。这种形式的环氧树脂材料与用于某些精密铸件中的材料是一样的，这种材料用于使铸件成形并把它们粘结到翼板组件的前缘上，组成翼板的一个结构构件。柔性环氧树脂与热硫化硅树脂的对潮湿渗透性试验比较表明;柔性环氧树脂的潮湿渗透性要小80倍以上。
参看图1，玻璃板12的边缘38最好预先进行表面处理44，对其表面进行调质，以提高边缘密封胶的粘附力。表面处理的一种特定方式是采用从纽约产品研究和化学公司购得的一种硅烷溶液，它出售时的商品名称为R142。
继续参看图1，防潮气密封装置36是选用聚硫化物材料，它把盘形件26粘接在组件10的边缘40上。聚硫化物材料不会使组件 10性能变坏，因为它不接触聚氨脂夹层。在图1所示的特定组件结构中，聚硫化物材料在压力作用下被压入盘形件26与组件边缘40之间的空间，并就地硫化而成。
图2表示另一种飞机窗户组件46，它包括如本发明中所述的柔性环氧树脂防潮湿密封装置。组件46包括一个玻璃层48、聚碳酸酯层50和52及聚氨脂夹层54和56。周边的边缘58用螺钉64固定在一对刚性的外侧和内侧挡板60与62-最好是铝板-之间。粘合剂66-例如但不仅限于聚硫化物或聚乙烯醇缩丁醛-用于密封下侧挡板62和内侧聚碳酸酯层52。防潮密封68，如前所述，是采用柔性的环氧密封胶。表面处理70将组件46的边缘72进行清洁和修整，环氧树脂涂在边缘72上，并被修平。在经过表面处理76之后，将柔性环氧树脂条带74填入外侧玻璃板48的边缘与外侧挡板60之间的空间，以提供另一道防潮湿阻挡层。
本说明书中所描述的发明形式系代表一种示例性的，较优选的实施例，显然，只要不偏离本发明的精神，各种变化都是可以的。

Claims (15)

1、一种层状透明体，它具有一块刚性的基层和一块固定在所述刚性基层上的柔性层，其特征在于：在所述透明体的周围边缘的是柔性的环氧树脂密封胶。
2、根据权利要求1所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述基层是第一块基板，它还可以有另外的基板，这些基板固定在上述柔性层或上述第一块基板上。
3、根据权利要求2所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述基板从包括玻璃、聚碳酸酯和聚丙烯塑料一类材料中选择。
4、根据权利要求3所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述柔性层从包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，硅树脂和聚氨脂一类材料中选择。
5、根据权利要求4所述的透明体，其特征在于：它还可包括在上述密封胶和上述周围边缘之间的涂料层。
6、根据权利要求5所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述涂料是一种硅烷材料。
7、根据权利要求4所述的透明体，其特征在于：它还包括将上述透明体固定在飞行器开口处的装置。
8、根据权利要求7所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述固定装置包括固定在上述透明体边缘周围的刚性附件。
9、一种层状的透明体，它具有一块刚性基层和一块固定在上述刚性基层上的聚氨脂层，其特征在于：在所述透明体周围边缘是柔性的环氧树脂密封胶。
10、根据权利要求9所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述基层是第一块基板，它还可包括固定在上述聚氨脂板或上述第一块基板上的其他基板。
11、根据权利要求10所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述基板从包括玻璃，聚碳酸酯和聚丙烯塑料一类材料中选择。
12、根据权利要求11所述的透明体，其特征在于：它还包括在上述密封和上述周边边缘之间的涂料层。
13、根据权利要求12所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述涂料为硅烷材料。
14、根据权利要求11所述的透明体，其特征在于：它还可包括将上述透明体固定在飞行器开口处的装置。
15、根据权利要求14所述的透明体，其特征在于：上述固定装置包括固定在上述透明体周边周围的刚性附件。
CN89109163.7A 1988-12-30 1989-12-09 飞机窗户的防潮气密封 Expired CN1019656B (zh)

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US07/292,042 US4960631A (en) 1988-12-30 1988-12-30 Moisture seal for aircraft windows

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CN1043913A (zh) 1990-07-18
US4960631A (en) 1990-10-02
BR8906498A (pt) 1990-08-21
JPH02215880A (ja) 1990-08-28

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