CN101942355A - Comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia seeds - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera, and belongs to the field of grain and oil processing and extraction of by-products. Using shelled tea seeds as raw material, first cook it to get oil, then add exogenous enzymes to enzymatically decompose the enzyme, and let it stand still, you can get the first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer and slag layer, and break the emulsified oil layer , the second-level free clear oil is desirable, and the two-level oil layers are combined and centrifuged to obtain tea seed oil; the water layer can be separated by alcohol precipitation to separate tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide; the residue layer can be further separated by leaching with water or monohydric alcohol. Tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide. The supernatant after water extraction or alcohol extraction is purified by macroporous adsorption resin chromatography column, the resin adsorbate is first eluted with alkali and then ethanol, and the ethanol eluate is collected to obtain high-purity tea saponin. The invention simultaneously prepares tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide, realizes the comprehensive extraction and utilization of tea seed or camellia oleifera resources, and has simple process, less required equipment and low cost.

Description

A comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera

technical field

The invention belongs to the fields of grain and oil processing and deep processing of agricultural by-products, and specifically relates to a comprehensive extraction method for re-extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds. the

Background technique

Tea seeds are the fruit of the tea tree, a by-product of tea production. Mature tea seeds are composed of 23% to 27% fruit shell, 23% to 27% seed shell and 43% to 47% seed kernel, of which the seed kernel contains about 35% fat, about 20% starch, about 11% protein, saponin About 12%, lignin about 11%, ash about 2%. For a long time, people have paid more attention to the planting and processing of tea and the development of tea products, but less attention has been paid to the development and utilization of tea seeds. Therefore, except for the tea tree breeding, most of the mature tea seeds fall off naturally and rot in the ground, resulting in a waste of resources. The area of tea gardens in my country is 1.2 million hectares, and tea seed resources are sufficient, with an annual output of about 450,000 tons of tea seed resources. If tea seeds are fully utilized, they can turn waste into treasure, increase the income of tea farmers, promote the adjustment of agricultural industrial structure, and maintain tea production. of sustainable development. the

Camellia oleifera is a plant of the genus Camellia in the family Theaceae, and is a unique oil crop in China. Camellia oleifera in my country is rich in resources, mainly distributed in Hunan, Jiangxi, Guangxi, Zhejiang, Fujian, Anhui, Guizhou and other provinces in the south. According to statistics, there are currently about 4 million hectares of Camellia oleifera forests in the country, with an annual output of more than 600,000 tons of Camellia oleifera seeds. The kernels of Camellia oleifera seeds mainly contain 25%-35% of Camellia oleifera seed oil, 10-16% of tea saponin, and 15-19% of crude protein. Camellia oleifera seeds after oil extraction also contain available tea saponin, tea polysaccharides and other substances, and camellia seed shells can be used to develop useful substances such as furfural, xylitol, and activated carbon. At present, camellia oleifera is mainly used to extract camellia oleifera seed oil, and less attention has been paid to the development of tea saponin and polysaccharide contained therein. the

Tea seed kernels or camellia oleifera kernels contain tea seed oil accounting for 18% to 32% of kernel weight. The physical and chemical properties of tea seed oil are very similar to those of camellia oleifera oil and olive oil. The unsaturated fatty acids in the molecule are mainly oleic acid and linoleic acid, and the content of oleic acid is between 40% and 57%. Its physiological activity and nutrition The value is similar to that of olive oil. It is a good nutritional and health-care oil for patients with hypertension, heart disease, atherosclerosis, and hyperlipidemia. Studies have found that tea seed oil also has anti-ultraviolet light, which has a significant effect on acne, chloasma and sunburn, promotes fair skin, prevents rough skin from aging, prevents water loss and nourishes sebocytes, and forms a natural protective film on the skin , Improve and nourish the skin and other functions. Tea seed oil does not contain erucic acid, behenic acid and other components that are difficult to digest and absorb, and is easy to be digested and absorbed by the human body; tea seed oil also does not contain linolenic acid, so it is not easy to oxidize and deteriorate, and the oil quality is stable, with storage and durability. Good performance at high temperature, so it is a good material for processing powdered oil, margarine, salad oil, and shortening. Refined tea seed oil has good thermal stability, is not easy to oxidize and deteriorate, is safe, non-toxic, and has no side effects. It can be used in high-grade cosmetics and medical oils like olive oil, almond oil and camellia oil, and can be used to prepare hair care products and skin care products Tea seed oil. Tea seed oil can also be used in the fields of woolen washing, mechanical lubrication and rust prevention, and medicine

Tea seeds or Camellia oleifera contain 10% to 16% tea saponin, which is a natural pentacyclic triterpenoid with hydrophilic sugar and hydrophobic saponin. Natural non-ionic surfactants have surface active effects such as emulsification, dispersion, wetting, and foaming, as well as pharmacological functions such as impermeability, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic effects. Therefore, they are widely used in the fields of daily chemicals, medicine, and food. Because of its good water solubility, strong decontamination, and anti-inflammatory and anti-itch properties, tea saponin is often used to produce shampoo, hair care products, body wash, etc. the

In recent years, the activity of polysaccharides has gradually become a focus of attention. According to reports, tea seed polysaccharide has the effects of lowering blood sugar, blood fat, blood pressure, anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, anti-aging, and anti-tumor. The characteristics of tea seed polysaccharide can be utilized to develop it into valuable products such as pharmaceutical intermediates and health food. the

Tea seeds or Camellia oleifera seeds contain 18% to 31% starch. According to measurements, the proportion of amylose and amylopectin in the starch is appropriate, the gelatinization performance is good, and it is a translucent paste. The taste is similar to sweet potato starch, cool and sweet, It is an excellent raw material for the manufacture of edible starch and modified starch. the

Aqueous enzymatic oil extraction has attracted more and more attention from scientific research circles and industrial circles because of its low energy consumption, less pollution, and high oil quality. Patents CN200610096925.6, CN200610096926.0, and CN200410013841 use alkaline protease, amylase, and cellulase to extract corn germ, linseed, and peanuts by aqueous enzymatic extraction. Patents CN101096612A and CN101235399A have also studied the oil extraction of camellia oleifera seed kernels by water enzymatic method. After the camellia seed kernels are ground, cellulase, amylase or acid protease is used for enzymatic hydrolysis. How to realize the comprehensive utilization of the by-products after aqueous enzymatic oil extraction is still very little research at present. the

Aiming at the nutritional value of tea seed kernels and camellia oleifera kernels, at present, the common methods of extracting tea oil are pressing and leaching methods. Most of the tea seed meal and camellia seed meal after oil extraction are used as feed, and a small part is extracted as tea Saponin, the feed liquid after extracting saponin is often discarded and has not been further comprehensively utilized. Although there are a few literature reports on the extraction of polysaccharides from tea seed meal and camellia oleifera seed meal, they mainly focus on the activity research after extraction of polysaccharides, without considering the industrial production of tea seed polysaccharides. the

Contents of the invention

The purpose of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems in the prior art. the

The purpose of the present invention can be achieved through the following technical solutions. the

A comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds, the specific steps are as follows:

1) Extraction of tea seed oil: shell the air-dried tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds to obtain tea seed kernels or camellia oleifera kernels, pulverize, steam cook, then add buffer solution to the tea seed kernels, add exogenous enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis, After enzyme inactivation, filtration, and low-speed centrifugation, the first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer, and slag layer are obtained. The emulsified oil layer is demulsified, and the second-level free clear oil can be obtained. The two-stage oil layers are combined to obtain crude tea seed oil. The extraction rate reaches over 90%;

2) Extraction method of crude tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide: soak or extract the tea seed dregs in the slag layer obtained in step 1) twice in water, remove the slag by filtration, obtain the water layer, directly precipitate with ethanol, and recover the solvent from the precipitated supernatant , concentrated and dried to obtain tea saponin with a purity of 35-50%; the precipitate was dissolved in water and centrifuged to obtain two parts of polysaccharide, the supernatant and the precipitate, the two parts of polysaccharide were dried separately, and the supernatant part was obtained from tea seed polysaccharide. The purity is 45-60%, and the precipitated part is tea seed starch. the

3) Extraction method of high-purity tea saponin and by-product crude tea seed polysaccharide: pass the water layer obtained in step 1) and step 2) through a macroporous adsorption resin, concentrate the effluent, precipitate with 30-90% ethanol, dissolve the precipitate in water, and centrifuge , to obtain the supernatant and precipitate two parts of polysaccharides, the two parts of polysaccharides were dried separately, the supernatant part to get tea seed polysaccharides, the purity is 45-60%, the precipitation part is tea seed starch; Elute with gradually higher concentration of ethanol, collect the ethanol eluate, recover the solvent, concentrate and dry to obtain tea saponin with a purity of more than 80%. the

As an improved method for extracting the above-mentioned crude tea saponin and crude tea seed polysaccharide, the specific steps are as follows:

1) Extraction of crude tea saponin and crude tea seed polysaccharide: extract the tea seed meal in the slag layer obtained in step 1) with an organic solvent or an aqueous solution of an organic solvent, after extraction, filter, centrifuge, take the supernatant, concentrate, and dry to obtain tea soap The purity reached more than 60%; the precipitate was extracted with water, the water extract was precipitated with 30%-95% ethanol, the precipitate was dissolved in water, and centrifuged to obtain two parts of polysaccharide, the supernatant and the precipitate, and the two parts of polysaccharide were dried separately, and the The tea seed polysaccharide is obtained from the clear liquid part with a purity of 45-60%, and the tea seed starch is obtained from the precipitated part. the

2) extraction of high-purity tea saponin: step 1) the extract liquid extracted with an aqueous solution of an organic solvent or an organic solvent flows through a macroporous adsorption resin, and the resin adsorbate is first eluted with alkali and then with ethanol that gradually increases in volume concentration, Collect the ethanol eluate, recover the solvent, concentrate and dry to obtain tea saponin with a purity of over 85%. the

The tea seeds or camellia oleifera seed kernels are preferably crushed into powder, and crushed to 20-80 meshes. the

After the tea seeds or camellia seed kernels are pulverized, before adding exogenous enzymes for extraction, the cell structure is loose after steam cooking, and the cell walls are easily degraded by enzymes. Usually, the cooking time is preferably 20-80 minutes. the

The buffer solution system in the extraction of tea seed or camellia oleifera seed oil includes sodium citrate buffer solution system, phosphoric acid buffer solution system, etc., and its pH is 4-7. the

Described enzyme is one or two mixtures in pentosan complex enzyme, protease, amylase, cellulase and β-glucanase, wherein the pentosan complex enzyme (or cellulase) in the mixed enzyme or β-glucanase) and protease (or amylase) in a mass ratio of 1:1-3, and the added amount is 0%-1.0%. the

The enzymolysis time during the enzyme extraction is 2-8 hours, and the temperature is 40-95°C. Enzymatic hydrolysis conditions are determined according to the nature of the enzyme used. During the enzyme extraction, the temperature can be maintained by means of water bath heating, steam heating, etc. the

The enzyme extraction needs to undergo enzyme inactivation treatment, the enzyme inactivation temperature is 80-120°C, and the inactivation time is 5min-30min. the

The method of demulsification of the tea seed oil is standing, heating or centrifugation; when the demulsification method is standing, the standing time is 24h-48h; when heating and demulsifying, the heating temperature is 40-120 ℃; when centrifuging and demulsifying, the centrifuging speed is 3000r/min-15000r/min. the

In the method for extracting crude tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide, the extraction material-liquid ratio is 1:3-10, the temperature is 30°C-80°C, and the extraction time is 0.5h-5h. the

In the improved extraction method of crude tea saponin and crude tea seed polysaccharide,

The organic solvent is methanol, ethanol, n-butanol, etc. From the consideration of economy and safety, it is better to use ethanol and its aqueous solution, such as 50-98% ethanol aqueous solution. the

In the alcohol precipitation process, the solvent used is ethanol, and the alcohol precipitation concentration is 30%-95%. the

In the extraction of the high-purity tea saponin, the macroporous adsorption resins used are HZ801, HZ816, HZ841, AB-8, D101, H103, D3520, NKA, X-5, ADS-7, etc. the

In the extraction of the high-purity tea saponin, the resin adsorbate is eluted with 0.2% mass fraction of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, 20%, 40%, 70% volume fraction of ethanol, and collects 40 % and 70% volume fraction of ethanol eluent, high-purity tea saponin can be obtained. the

The recovery solvent can be recovered by vacuum concentration or distillation recovery. the

The method of concentration is a vacuum rotary thin film concentration method, a scraper concentration method or a thin film concentration method. the

The drying method of the tea seed polysaccharide is vacuum freeze drying, vacuum drying or air drying. the

The drying method of the tea saponin is spray drying, vacuum drying or vacuum microwave drying. the

The beneficial effects of the present invention are: tea seed or camellia oleifera seed is used as raw material, and tea oil, tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide can be obtained at the same time by adopting a comprehensive extraction process, and high-purity tea saponin can also be obtained further, and the required The extraction equipment is simple and the cost is low, the comprehensive utilization and development of the tea seed or camellia oleifera resource is realized, and it is suitable for industrial production. the

Description of drawings

Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of the process flow of the present invention. the

Detailed ways

The technical characteristics of the present invention will be further elaborated below in conjunction with specific embodiments. the

As shown in Figure 1, the comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, and tea seed polysaccharides from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds uses shelled tea seeds as raw materials, first steams them to produce oil, and then adds exogenous enzymes After enzymatic hydrolysis, enzymatic deactivation and standing still, the first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer and slag layer can be obtained. The emulsified oil layer is demulsified, and the second-level free clear oil can be obtained. The two-stage oil layers are combined and centrifuged to obtain tea seed oil; Tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharides can be separated from the water layer through alcohol precipitation; tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharides can be further separated from the residue layer by water or monohydric alcohol leaching. The supernatant after water extraction or alcohol extraction is purified by macroporous adsorption resin chromatography column. The resin adsorbate is first eluted with alkali and then ethanol with gradually increasing volume concentration, and the ethanol eluate is collected to obtain high-purity tea. Saponin. the

Example 1

Select high-quality Camellia oleifera seeds for shelling and peeling, crush them to 60-80 meshes, treat them with atmospheric pressure steam for 20 minutes, and make a citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution with pH=5.5 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:6, at 55°C Add 0.5% of 1:1 cellulase and Neutrase 1.5MG neutral protease under the condition of 1, enzymatic hydrolysis for 6 hours, and keep stirring. Inactivate the enzyme in a water bath at 90°C for 10 min. Centrifuge at 3500r/min to obtain the first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer and slag layer, heat the emulsified oil layer in a water bath at 70°C for 20 minutes to break the emulsion, take the second-level free clear oil, and combine the two oil layers to obtain crude tea seed oil. The slag layer can be subjected to secondary water extraction, the extraction solid-liquid ratio is 1:4, the extraction temperature is 70°C, and the extraction time is 1.0h. After filtering to remove the slag, the water layer is obtained, and the water layers of the two water extractions are combined. Precipitate with 75% ethanol, recover the solvent from the precipitated supernatant, concentrate, and vacuum-dry to obtain tea saponin with a purity of 58.02%, a yield of 27.3%, and a brown color; the precipitate is dissolved in water and centrifuged to obtain the supernatant The two parts of polysaccharides, the liquid and the precipitate, were vacuum-dried respectively, and the tea seed polysaccharide was obtained from the supernatant, with a purity of 44.92% and a yield of 38.36%, and the color was off-white, and the precipitate was tea seed starch. the

Example 2

Select high-quality Camellia oleifera seeds for shelling and peeling, crush them to a size greater than 80 mesh, and treat them with atmospheric pressure steam for 20 minutes, then prepare a citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution with a solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:5 at a temperature of 55°C. Add 0.5% Neutrase 1.5MG neutral protease under the condition, enzymatic hydrolysis for 6h, and keep stirring. Inactivate the enzyme in a water bath at 90°C for 10 minutes. Centrifuge at 3500r/min. After centrifugation, the system is divided into: first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer and slag layer. The emulsified oil layer is centrifuged to break the emulsion, and the second-level free clear oil can be taken. The two-stage oil layers are combined to obtain Crude tea seed oil with a yield of 25.8%; the water layer was precipitated with 75% ethanol, and the obtained precipitate was dissolved in water and dried to obtain tea seed polysaccharides with a purity of 25.55% and a yield of 19.0%, and the color was off-white. The alcohol-precipitated supernatant was rotatably concentrated and vacuum-dried to obtain tea saponin with a purity of 50.22%, a yield of 8.51%, and a light brown color. The slag layer of tea seed meal was extracted with 90% ethanol, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:6, and the temperature was 70°C. After extraction for 1.5 hours, it was filtered and centrifuged. The supernatant was concentrated by rotary evaporation and dried to obtain tea saponin with a purity of 58.02%, a yield of 19.3%, and a brown color. The precipitate was extracted with water, the ratio of solid to liquid was 1:10, and the temperature was 70°C. After extraction for 4 hours, it was filtered at 500 mesh, centrifuged at 3500 r/min, and the supernatant was precipitated with 75% ethanol. The obtained precipitate is dissolved in water and then dried to obtain tea seed polysaccharide with a purity of 44.92%, a yield of 22.36%, and a white color. the

Example 3

After shelling and peeling selected high-quality tea seeds, crush them to 60-80 meshes, treat them with atmospheric pressure steam for 25 minutes, and make a citric acid-sodium citrate buffer solution with pH=4 at a solid-liquid ratio of 1:5, at 55°C Add 0.5% BAN medium-temperature amylase under certain conditions, and perform enzymatic hydrolysis for 6 hours with constant stirring. Inactivate the enzyme in a water bath at 90°C for 10 min. Centrifuge at 3500r/min to obtain the first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer and slag layer, heat the emulsified oil layer in a water bath at 70°C for 20 minutes to break the emulsion, take the second-level free clear oil, and combine the two oil layers to obtain crude tea seed oil. The extraction rate is 25.3%; the slag layer can be subjected to secondary water extraction, the extraction solid-liquid ratio is 1:4, the extraction temperature is 70°C, and the extraction time is 1.0h. After filtering to remove the slag, the water layer is obtained, and the water layers of the two water extractions are combined. The water extract flows through HZ801 macroporous adsorption resin, and the effluent is concentrated under reduced pressure at 60°C to a solid content of 15%, slowly adding 1 volume of industrial alcohol, fully stirred, and placed in a refrigerator at 4°C for alcohol precipitation, 500 mesh Filtrate the mixture to obtain tea polysaccharide precipitates. The tea polysaccharide precipitates naturally volatilized ethanol and then freeze-dried to obtain crude tea polysaccharides. The yield of polysaccharides was 46.09%, and the mass fraction was 39.43%. 20%, 40%, and 70% ethanol were eluted, and different eluents were collected and freeze-dried. The 70% ethanol eluate was freeze-dried to obtain white crystal tea saponin with a purity of 80.5% and a yield of 7.90%. the

Claims (21)

1. The comprehensive extraction method of extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera, is characterized in that, its steps are as follows: 1) Extraction of tea seed oil: shell the air-dried tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds to obtain tea seed kernels or camellia oleifera kernels, pulverize them, steam cook them, then add buffer solution to the tea seed kernels, add exogenous enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis, After enzyme inactivation, filtration, and low-speed centrifugation, the first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer, and slag layer are obtained. The emulsified oil layer is demulsified, and the second-level free clear oil can be obtained. The two-stage oil layers are combined to obtain crude tea seed oil. The extraction rate reaches more than 90%; 2) Extraction method of crude tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide: soak or extract the tea seed dregs in the slag layer obtained in step 1) twice in water, remove the slag by filtration, obtain the water layer, directly precipitate with ethanol, and recover the solvent from the precipitated supernatant , concentrated and dried to obtain tea saponin with a purity of 35-50%; the precipitate was dissolved in water and centrifuged to obtain two parts of polysaccharide, the supernatant and the precipitate, the two parts of polysaccharide were dried separately, and the supernatant part was obtained from tea seed polysaccharide. The purity is 45-60%, and the precipitated part is tea seed starch; 3) Extraction method of high-purity tea saponin and by-product crude tea seed polysaccharide: pass the water layer obtained in step 1) and step 2) through a macroporous adsorption resin, concentrate the effluent, precipitate with 30-90% ethanol, dissolve the precipitate in water, and centrifuge , to obtain the supernatant and precipitate two parts of polysaccharides, the two parts of polysaccharides were dried separately, the supernatant part to get tea seed polysaccharides, the purity is 45-60%, the precipitation part is tea seed starch; Elute with gradually higher concentration of ethanol, collect the ethanol eluate, recover the solvent, concentrate and dry to obtain tea saponin with a purity of more than 80%. 2. A comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera, characterized in that the steps are as follows: 1) Extraction of tea seed oil: shell the air-dried tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds to obtain tea seed kernels or camellia oleifera kernels, pulverize them, steam cook them, then add buffer solution to the tea seed kernels, add exogenous enzymes for enzymatic hydrolysis, After enzyme inactivation, filtration, and low-speed centrifugation, the first-level clear oil layer, emulsified oil layer, water layer, and slag layer are obtained. The emulsified oil layer is demulsified, and the second-level free clear oil can be obtained. The two-stage oil layers are combined to obtain crude tea seed oil. The extraction rate reaches more than 90%; 2) Extraction of crude tea saponin and crude tea seed polysaccharide: extract the tea seed meal in the slag layer obtained in step 1) with an organic solvent or an aqueous solution of an organic solvent, after extraction, filter, centrifuge, take the supernatant, concentrate, and dry to obtain tea soap The purity is above 60%; the precipitate is extracted with water, the water extract is precipitated with 30%-95% ethanol, the precipitate is dissolved in water, and centrifuged to obtain two parts of polysaccharide, the supernatant and the precipitate. The two parts of polysaccharide are dried separately, and the The tea seed polysaccharide is obtained from the clear liquid part with a purity of 45-60%, and the tea seed starch is obtained from the precipitated part. 3) Extraction of high-purity tea saponin: step 2) the extract liquid extracted with an organic solvent or an aqueous solution of an organic solvent flows through a macroporous adsorption resin, and the resin adsorbate is first eluted with alkali and then ethanol with a gradually increasing volume concentration, and collected The ethanol eluate is recovered from the solvent, concentrated and dried to obtain tea saponin with a purity of more than 85%. 3. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea polysaccharides from tea seeds or camellia oleifera according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: described tea seeds or camellia oleifera kernels are pulverized to 20-80 mesh. 4. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, and tea polysaccharides from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: after the pulverized tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds , before adding exogenous enzymes for extraction, the cell structure is loose after steam cooking, and the cell wall is easily degraded by enzymes. The cooking time is 20-80min. 5. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea polysaccharides from tea seeds or camellia oleifera according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: in the extraction of tea seeds or camellia oleifera oil The buffer solution system is: sodium citrate buffer solution system, phosphate buffer solution system, the pH of which is 4-7. 6. according to claim 1 or 2, extract the comprehensive extraction method of tea seed oil, tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera seed, it is characterized in that: described enzyme is pentosan compound enzyme, One or a combination of protease, amylase, cellulase and beta-glucanase. 7. the comprehensive extraction method of extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera according to claim 6, is characterized in that: pentosan complex enzyme, cellulase in mixed enzyme Or the mass ratio of β-glucanase to protease or amylase is 1:1-3, and the added amount is 0%-1.0%. 8. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the enzymolysis time is 2-8h, The temperature is 40-95°C. 9. according to claim 1 and 2 described from tea seed or camellia seed, extract the comprehensive extraction method of tea seed oil, tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide, it is characterized in that: described enzyme-removing process, enzyme-removing temperature is 80-120°C, the enzyme inactivation time is 5min-30min. 10. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the demulsification method of the tea seed oil For standing, heating or centrifugation. 11. the comprehensive extraction method of extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera according to claim 10, it is characterized in that: when described demulsification mode is static demulsification, its The standing time is 24h-48h; for heating and demulsification, the heating temperature is 40-120°C; for centrifugal separation and demulsification, the centrifugal speed is 3000r/min-15000r/min. 12. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: the extraction of the crude tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide The extraction material-liquid ratio in the method is 1:3-10, the temperature is 30°C-80°C, and the extraction time is 0.5h-5h. 13. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera according to claim 2, characterized in that: the organic solvent is methanol, ethanol or n-butanol . 14. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera according to claim 13, characterized in that: the organic solvent is 50-98% ethanol aqueous solution . 15. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the alcohol precipitation process, the solvent used is ethanol, The concentration of alcohol precipitation is 30%-95%. 16. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: the macroporous adsorption resins are HZ801, HZ816, HZ841 , AB-8, D101, H103, D3520, NKA, X-5 or ADS-7. 17. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seed or camellia oleifera according to claim 2, characterized in that: in the extraction of the high-purity tea saponin, The resin adsorbate was eluted with 0.2% mass fraction of sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide solution, 20%, 40%, 70% volume fraction of ethanol, and collected 40% and 70% volume fraction of ethanol eluate, Get high-purity tea saponin. 18. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharides from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: the recovery solvent can be vacuum concentration or distillation Recycling method recycling. 19. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, and tea seed polysaccharides from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: the method of concentration is vacuum rotary thin film concentration method, Scraper concentration method or thin film concentration method. 20. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin, and tea seed polysaccharides from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: the drying method of the tea seed polysaccharides is vacuum freeze-drying , Vacuum drying or air drying. 21. The comprehensive extraction method for extracting tea seed oil, tea saponin and tea seed polysaccharide from tea seeds or camellia oleifera seeds according to claim 2, characterized in that: the drying method of the tea saponin is spray drying, Vacuum drying or vacuum microwave drying.