CN111955750A - Method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts - Google Patents
Method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/20—Reducing nutritive value; Dietetic products with reduced nutritive value
- A23L33/21—Addition of substantially indigestible substances, e.g. dietary fibres
- A23L33/22—Comminuted fibrous parts of plants, e.g. bagasse or pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
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- A23V2002/00—Food compositions, function of food ingredients or processes for food or foodstuffs
Abstract
A method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts belongs to the field of comprehensive utilization of fruit and vegetable processing byproducts. The method is characterized in that: the dietary fiber powder products with different contents and proportions are developed by taking fresh corn bracts as raw materials and adopting preparation technologies such as ultrasonic-assisted immobilized enzyme extraction, high-pressure micro-jet nano activation, concentration alcohol precipitation, spray drying and the like. The preparation method adopted by the invention is green and efficient, the extraction yield of the total dietary fibers in the fresh corn bracts reaches more than 80%, the yield of the water-soluble dietary fibers is more than 16%, the yield of the insoluble dietary fibers is more than 64%, and the conversion rate of the nano-scale dietary fibers reaches more than 15%.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts, belonging to the field of comprehensive utilization of fruit and vegetable processing byproducts.
Technical Field
The dietary fiber is not easy to be digested and absorbed by small intestine of human body, and the edible plant components, carbohydrates and analogues which can be partially or completely glycolyzed in large intestine have good defense function to diabetes, coronary heart disease, obesity and other diseases, and are classified as 'seventh major nutrient' by experts in world health organization. Dietary fiber can be classified into water-Soluble Dietary Fiber (SDF) and Insoluble Dietary Fiber (IDF) according to the solubility size. Soluble hemicellulose, pectin, glucan, mostly oligosaccharide, agar, carboxymethyl cellulose and the like belong to SDF, and can keep high viscosity in human intestinal tracts, adsorb harmful substances, promote intestinal tract peristalsis and discharge waste. IDF is generally present in plant cell wall, has strong water absorption and expansibility, and can absorb water and expand in stomach and intestine to make human body feel satiety, thereby having the effect of losing weight. In addition, IDF can promote gastrointestinal peristalsis and defecation. The high-quality dietary fiber has good oil absorption, water retention capacity, expansibility and absorbability to harmful substances, shows ideal processing characteristics and physiological activity, can be used as a raw material of health food, can be added into staple food such as steamed bread, noodles and the like as a food additive to improve the nutrition, taste and tissue structure of the staple food, and can be added into dairy products, plant beverages and sports beverages as a natural stabilizer, thereby improving the stability of the beverages, preventing the generation of precipitates and improving the nutrition and functionality of the beverages. The method for extracting the dietary fiber from the fruit and vegetable processing byproducts such as pericarp, kernel, pomace, seed, leaf, stem and the like has important research value and practical significance.
The traditional dietary fiber preparation methods comprise a crude extraction method, an acid extraction method, an alkali extraction method and the like, and have advantages and disadvantages respectively. In recent years, many scholars have sought a new green method for extracting dietary fiber from corn processing byproducts such as corncobs and husks. Zhanglong et al (preparation, properties and application of high activity corn dietary fiber [ J ]]Food science, 2000 (07): 22-24) using supercritical CO2The fluid extraction technology and the extrusion technology are used for processing the corn bran fiber to prepare the high-quality dietary fiber with excellent physicochemical property and higher physiological activity. The content of soluble dietary fiber of the treated corn bran is 14.8 percent, the expansibility is 18.2mL/g, the water holding capacity is 9.3g/g, and the combined water capacity is 6.3 g/g. Shilongwave and the like (Process research on preparation of water-soluble corn dietary fiber by xylanase method [ J)]Food science, 2007 (04): 121-125) performing enzymolysis on corn seed coats pretreated by lipase, amylase and protease by using xylanase to prepare water-soluble dietary fibers, wherein the optimal technological conditions for obtaining xylanase enzymolysis are as follows: the enzymolysis time is 40 minutes, the enzyme adding amount is 1.0mL/g, the enzymolysis temperature is 45 ℃, and the pH value is 4.8; the components of the soluble dietary fiber obtained by the enzyme method mainly comprise xylose, arabinose, galactose and glucose. Study on production of dietary fiber from corn bract [ J]Guangxi light industry, 2007 (09): 24-25) obtaining dietary fiber from the corn bracts by an enzymatic method and a chemical method. The process is simple and easy to implement, and the obtained dietary fiber is relatively complete, and the yield is 48.36%; the water holding capacity is 3.716 g/g; the swelling force was 1.72 mL/g. Chua brocade source and the like (microwave pretreatment-ultrasonic alkaline hydrolysis extraction process research of water-soluble dietary fiber in corncobs [ J)]Application chemical, 2017, 46 (03): 460-462) adopts microwave pretreatment and combines an alkaline hydrolysis method to effectively improve the ultrasonic extraction efficiency of the SDF in the corncobs. Liulina and the like (optimization of composite enzyme method modification process of corncob dietary fiber [ J)]Guangdong agricultural science, 2019, 46 (08): 138-145) establishes an enzymatic method for extracting the corncob dietary fiber, and optimizes the process for preparing the SDF by using the corncob IDF modified by the compound enzymatic method.
In the prior art, Chinese invention patent (application No. 200910017871.3, publication No. 101822334A) discloses a preparation method of corn dietary fiber micropowder. The corn dietary fiber micro powder is extracted from corn peel residues serving as a raw material by methods such as alkaline leaching and acid pickling. Chinese invention patent (application No. 201110278807.8, publication No. 102356881A) discloses a preparation method of water-insoluble corn dietary fiber with high water-holding capacity, which adopts a multi-enzyme gradient enzymolysis method, namely a process of enzymolysis by neutral protease, high-temperature-resistant alpha amylase and saccharifying enzyme combined enzyme, and sequentially removes impurities such as starch, grease, protein and the like in corn bran to obtain pure water-insoluble corn fiber; then, the corn dietary fiber is subjected to enzymolysis modification by using cellulase, the water-holding capacity of the corn dietary fiber is increased, the water-insoluble corn dietary fiber with high water-holding capacity is obtained, and the water-holding capacity of the corn dietary fiber is improved by 157%. Chinese invention patent (application No. 201710664902.9, publication No. 107495392A) discloses a preparation method of corn dietary fiber, which adopts a mode of combining high-temperature cooking treatment, steam explosion treatment and ultrasonic treatment on raw materials in a pre-treatment stage to fully expose the content of the raw materials and combine impurity removal treatment to further reduce the non-dietary fiber components in the raw materials, and the pre-treated raw materials are beneficial to enhancing the enzymolysis effect of cellulase or the compound enzyme of the cellulase and hemicellulase, so that the enzymolysis is more sufficient, the purity of finished products is improved, and the palatability of the finished products can be effectively improved; the product is purified after enzymolysis, so that the purity is further improved, and the finished product has the advantage of high purity; the prepared corn dietary fiber also has the advantages of small fiber particle size, strong water holding capacity and strong expansion capacity.
The problems existing in the research process and the technical scheme are as follows: the preparation technology focuses on the research on single substances of the total dietary fiber, the soluble dietary fiber or the insoluble dietary fiber of the corn processing byproducts, namely, the extraction of the single substance is taken as a technical purpose and is independently implemented, and various active dietary fiber substances in the corn byproducts are not synchronously extracted and utilized, so that the problems of low raw material utilization rate, high processing cost, low product yield and the like are caused, the deep utilization of dietary fiber resources in the corn processing byproducts is limited, the added value is low, and the industrial chain is short. In addition, the method has the defects of repeated treatment, time consumption and the like. The invention takes the waste fresh corn bracts as raw materials, and prepares soluble, insoluble and nano-scale dietary fiber products with high activity continuously by a green extraction technology. The method has the advantages of high utilization rate of raw materials, continuous process, high efficiency, short time, high product yield, strong biological activity and wide application prospect.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem is as follows:
in order to overcome the defects of the prior art, the invention aims to provide a method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts, so that the problems of low utilization rate of raw materials of the corn bracts, high processing cost, low product yield and the like are solved, and the prepared nano dietary fiber has the advantages of small particle size, high water holding capacity and high expansion capacity.
The technical scheme is as follows:
the invention adopts the following technical scheme to realize the purpose of the invention:
a method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting fresh corn bracts, cleaning, draining surface water, drying at 60 ℃ for 4-6 hours, coarsely crushing, drying at 40 ℃ until the water content of the fresh corn bracts is lower than 5%, finely crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fresh corn bract powder;
(2) adding distilled water into the fresh corn bract powder obtained in the step (1) according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 20-1: 30, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding 2% by mass of papain, incubating at 45 ℃ for 1.0 hour, heating in a boiling water bath to inactivate enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 10000 r/min for 10 minutes to obtain a precipitate;
(3) adding distilled water into the centrifugal precipitate obtained in the step (2) according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 15-1: 25, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding immobilized cellulase with the mass percentage of 4-5%, performing ultrasonic enzymolysis for 0.5-1.0 h, and filtering the reaction mixture to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
(4) concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step (3), adding 4 times of 95% ethanol, standing overnight in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, centrifuging for 10 minutes at 5000 r/min, taking supernate, concentrating by rotary evaporation, drying in vacuum, and pulverizing to obtain fresh corn bract soluble dietary fiber powder;
(5) vacuum drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at 50-55 ℃, and crushing to obtain fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder;
(6) adding distilled water into the fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder obtained in the step (5) according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 20-1: 30, stirring at 8000 rpm for 5-10 minutes at high speed, homogenizing by 13000-18000psi high-pressure microjet, separating out a fresh corn bract nano dietary fiber solution, and performing spray drying to obtain the nano dietary fiber powder.
The immobilized cellulase in the step (3) is magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4And (3) immobilizing the cellulase.
The ultrasonic conditions in the step (3) are as follows: the ultrasonic power is 280-.
The particle size of the fresh corn bract nanometer dietary fiber in the step (6) is less than 400 nm.
Has the advantages that:
1. magnetic nanoparticles of Fe under the influence of ultrasonic radiation3O4The activity of the immobilized cellulase is over-activated, and the reaction rate of the immobilized enzyme is improved. Ultrasonic assisted treatment of enzymatic reactions under specific conditions can provide an effective mass transfer mechanism for the reaction of enzyme macromolecules with substrates. The rapid collapse of cavitation bubbles under the action of ultrasound generates considerable shear forces in the liquid medium, which provide a mechanical agitation effect that significantly increases mass transfer to the substrate surface by disturbing the boundary layer. This reduction in mass transfer limitations and hyperactivity of enzyme activity are major factors in the enhanced release of dietary fiber in the corn bract matrix. The optimized ultrasound parameters can be used to increase the release rate of dietary fiber from corn bracts without affecting the structural integrity and biological activity of the dietary fiber extract.
2. According to the method for simultaneously preparing the water-soluble dietary fiber, the insoluble dietary fiber and the nano dietary fiber from the corn bracts, on one hand, the problem of low utilization rate of raw materials of the corn bracts is solved, on the other hand, different types of dietary fiber products are developed, the functions of relaxing bowel, regulating blood fat, reducing cholesterol, regulating blood sugar, improving intestinal microecological environment, controlling weight and the like and nutritional health requirements can be met, and the prepared nano dietary fiber has the advantages of small particle size, strong water holding capacity and strong expansion capacity, can be used as a water holding agent, an expanding agent and dietary fiber nutrients and added into products such as bread, fruit juice beverages and the like, and can balance the nutritional effect of the products. The preparation method adopted by the invention is green and efficient, the product yield is high, the extraction yield of the total dietary fiber in the fresh corn bracts reaches more than 80%, the yield of the water-soluble dietary fiber reaches more than 16%, the yield of the insoluble dietary fiber reaches more than 64%, and the conversion rate of the nano-scale dietary fiber reaches more than 15%.
Drawings
FIG. 1 shows a process flow for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts
Detailed Description
The invention is further illustrated, but not limited, by the following examples.
Example 1
Collecting 6 kg of fresh corn bracts, cleaning, draining surface water, drying at 60 ℃ for 6 hours, coarsely crushing, drying at 40 ℃ until the water content of the fresh corn bracts is lower than 5%, finely crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 1.35 kg of fresh corn bracts powder. Adding 50 g of corn bract powder into 1000mL of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding 2% by mass of papain (enzyme activity 2000U/mg), incubating at 45 ℃ for 1.0 hour, heating in boiling water bath for 10 minutes to inactivate enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 10000 r/min for 10 minutes, adding 800mL of distilled water into the precipitate, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, and adding 5% by mass of magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4Carrying out ultrasonic enzymolysis on immobilized cellulase for 0.8 hour under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 280W and enzymolysis temperature of 50 ℃, filtering a reaction mixture to obtain filtrate and filter residue, wherein 4 times of 95% ethanol by volume is added into the filtrate, standing overnight in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, centrifuging at 5000 r/min, taking supernatant, and carrying out vacuum rotary evaporation concentration and vacuum drying to obtain 8.1 g of soluble dietary fiber powder of the fresh corn bract; vacuum drying the filter residue at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain 32.4 g of fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder; further adding distilled water into fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 20, stirring at 8000 rpm for 10 min, homogenizing with 13000psi high pressure microjet for 2 times, separating fresh corn bract nanometer dietary fiber with particle size of 300-400nm, and separatingThe nanometer dietary fiber powder is obtained by spray drying, and the conversion rate of the nanometer dietary fiber powder can reach 15.2 percent.
Example 2
Collecting 5 kg of fresh corn bracts, cleaning, draining surface water, drying at 60 ℃ for 6 hours, coarsely crushing, drying at 40 ℃ until the water content of the fresh corn bracts is lower than 5%, finely crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 1.25 kg of fresh corn bracts powder. Adding 50 g of corn bract powder into 1000mL of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding 2% by mass of papain (enzyme activity 2000U/mg), incubating at 45 ℃ for 1.0 hour, heating in boiling water bath for 10 minutes to inactivate enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 10000 r/min for 10 minutes, adding 800mL of distilled water into the precipitate, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, and adding 5% by mass of magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4Carrying out ultrasonic enzymolysis on immobilized cellulase for 0.5 hour under the conditions of ultrasonic power of 350W and enzymolysis temperature of 40 ℃, filtering a reaction mixture to obtain filtrate and filter residue, wherein 4 times of 95% ethanol by volume is added into the filtrate, standing overnight in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, centrifuging at 5000 r/min, taking supernate, concentrating by vacuum rotary evaporation, drying in vacuum at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain 8.6 g of soluble dietary fiber powder of fresh corn bracts; vacuum drying the filter residue at 55 ℃, and crushing to obtain 33.8 g of fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder; further adding distilled water into the fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 20, stirring at a high speed of 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, homogenizing for 2 times by 13000psi high-pressure microjet, separating out fresh corn bract nano dietary fibers with the particle size of less than 400nm, and performing spray drying to obtain nano dietary fiber powder, wherein the conversion rate of the nano dietary fiber powder can reach 14.7%.
Example 3
Collecting 6 kg of fresh corn bracts, cleaning, draining surface water, drying at 60 ℃ for 5 hours, coarsely crushing, drying at 40 ℃ until the water content of the fresh corn bracts is lower than 5%, finely crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 1.40 kg of fresh corn bracts powder. Adding 60 g of corn bract powder into 1500mL of distilled water, adjusting pH value to 5.0, adding 2% by mass of papain (enzyme activity 2)000U/mg), incubating at 45 ℃ for 1.0 hour, heating in boiling water bath for 10 minutes to inactivate enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 10000 rpm/min for 10 minutes, adding 1200mL of distilled water into the precipitate, adjusting pH to 5.0, and adding 4% by mass of magnetic nanoparticles Fe3O4Performing ultrasonic enzymolysis on immobilized cellulase for 0.6 hour under the conditions of the ultrasonic power of 300W and the enzymolysis temperature of 45 ℃, filtering a reaction mixture to obtain filtrate and filter residue, wherein the filtrate is concentrated, 4 times of 95 percent ethanol in volume is added, the mixture is kept still overnight in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, supernatant is taken after 5000 r/min centrifugation, and 10.4 g of fresh corn bract soluble dietary fiber powder is prepared by vacuum rotary evaporation concentration, vacuum drying at 50 ℃ and crushing; vacuum drying the filter residue at 50 ℃, and crushing to obtain 38.8 g of fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder; further adding distilled water into the fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 15, stirring at a high speed of 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, homogenizing for 1 time by 15000psi high-pressure microjet, separating out fresh corn bract nano dietary fibers with the particle size of less than 300nm, and performing spray drying to obtain nano dietary fiber powder, wherein the conversion rate of the nano dietary fiber powder can reach 13.8%.
Example 4
Collecting 4 kg of fresh corn bracts, cleaning, draining surface water, drying at 60 ℃ for 4 hours, coarsely crushing, drying at 40 ℃ until the water content of the fresh corn bracts is lower than 5%, finely crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain 1.12 kg of fresh corn bracts powder. Adding 80 g of corn bract powder into 1200mL of distilled water, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding 2% by mass of papain (enzyme activity 2000U/mg), incubating at 45 ℃ for 1.0 hour, heating in boiling water bath for 10 minutes to inactivate enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 10000 r/min for 10 minutes, adding 1000mL of distilled water into the precipitate, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, and adding 5% by mass of magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4Performing ultrasonic enzymolysis for 0.8 hr at 50 deg.C under 350W ultrasonic power, filtering the reaction mixture to obtain filtrate and residue, concentrating the filtrate, adding 4 times volume of 95% ethanol, standing overnight in 4 deg.C refrigerator, centrifuging at 5000 r/min, collecting supernatant, and concentrating by vacuum rotary evaporationShrinking, drying in vacuum at 50 ℃ and crushing to obtain 14.5 g of fresh corn bract soluble dietary fiber powder; vacuum drying the filter residue at 55 ℃, and crushing to obtain 54.9 g of fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder; further adding distilled water into the fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 20, stirring at a high speed of 8000 rpm for 10 minutes, homogenizing for 1 time by 18000psi high-pressure microjet, separating out fresh corn bract nano dietary fibers with the particle size of less than 400nm, and performing spray drying to obtain nano dietary fiber powder, wherein the conversion rate of the nano dietary fiber powder can reach 15.7%.
Claims (4)
1. The method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting fresh corn bracts, cleaning, draining surface water, drying at 60 ℃ for 4-6 hours, coarsely crushing, drying at 40 ℃ until the water content of the fresh corn bracts is lower than 5%, finely crushing, and sieving with a 60-mesh sieve to obtain fresh corn bract powder;
(2) adding distilled water into the fresh corn bract powder obtained in the step (1) according to the feed-liquid ratio of 1: 20-1: 30, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding 2% by mass of papain, incubating at 45 ℃ for 1.0 hour, heating in a boiling water bath to inactivate enzyme, cooling to room temperature, centrifuging at 10000 r/min for 10 minutes to obtain a precipitate;
(3) adding distilled water into the centrifugal precipitate obtained in the step (2) according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 15-1: 25, adjusting the pH value to 5.0, adding immobilized cellulase with the mass percentage of 4-5% for carrying out ultrasonic enzymolysis for 0.5-1.0 h, and filtering the reaction mixture to obtain filtrate and filter residue;
(4) concentrating the filtrate obtained in the step (3), adding 4 times of 95% ethanol, standing overnight in a refrigerator at 4 ℃, centrifuging for 10 minutes at 5000 r/min, taking supernate, concentrating by rotary evaporation, drying in vacuum, and pulverizing to obtain fresh corn bract soluble dietary fiber powder;
(5) vacuum drying the filter residue obtained in the step (3) at 50-55 ℃, and crushing to obtain fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder;
(6) adding distilled water into the fresh corn bract insoluble dietary fiber powder obtained in the step (5) according to the material-liquid ratio of 1: 20-1: 30, stirring at 8000 rpm for 5-10 minutes at high speed, homogenizing by 13000-18000psi high-pressure microjet, separating out a fresh corn bract nano dietary fiber solution, and performing spray drying to obtain the nano dietary fiber powder.
2. The method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the immobilized cellulase of step (3) is magnetic nanoparticle Fe3O4And (3) immobilizing the cellulase.
3. The method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ultrasonic conditions of step (3) are: the ultrasonic power is 280-.
4. The method for simultaneously preparing water-soluble dietary fiber, insoluble dietary fiber and nano dietary fiber from corn bracts as claimed in claim 1, wherein the particle size of the freshly eaten corn bract nano dietary fiber in step (6) is less than 400 nm.
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| CN115918917A (en) * | 2022-09-08 | 2023-04-07 | 黑龙江龙凤玉米开发有限公司 | Production method of corn germ meal dietary fiber |
| CN116158536A (en) * | 2021-11-24 | 2023-05-26 | 承德康尔润食品有限公司 | Preparation method and application of compound plant-derived water-soluble dietary fiber |
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