CN101939264B - 包括合成气生产和整体化工厂设施的生物质液化工艺的废水处理 - Google Patents
包括合成气生产和整体化工厂设施的生物质液化工艺的废水处理 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN101939264B CN101939264B CN2008801155093A CN200880115509A CN101939264B CN 101939264 B CN101939264 B CN 101939264B CN 2008801155093 A CN2008801155093 A CN 2008801155093A CN 200880115509 A CN200880115509 A CN 200880115509A CN 101939264 B CN101939264 B CN 101939264B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- water
- technology
- biomass
- gas
- fischer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 121
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 34
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 32
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 20
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 112
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 91
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 59
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000498 cooling water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 claims description 162
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 22
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000002551 biofuel Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- -1 phosphorus compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010828 animal waste Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052728 basic metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003818 basic metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000020169 heat generation Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004056 waste incineration Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 110
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 58
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 27
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 19
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 12
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 11
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 6
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000012620 biological material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002737 fuel gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 description 3
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Naphthalene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C21 UFWIBTONFRDIAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propane Chemical compound CCC ATUOYWHBWRKTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000124033 Salix Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920002522 Wood fibre Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000011089 carbon dioxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen chloride Substances Cl.Cl IXCSERBJSXMMFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910000041 hydrogen chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003915 liquefied petroleum gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005065 mining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003209 petroleum derivative Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007781 pre-processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 2
- WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N (2s)-2-[[2-benzyl-3-[hydroxy-[(1r)-2-phenyl-1-(phenylmethoxycarbonylamino)ethyl]phosphoryl]propanoyl]amino]-3-(1h-indol-3-yl)propanoic acid Chemical compound N([C@@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C(=O)O)C(=O)C(CP(O)(=O)[C@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)NC(=O)OCC=1C=CC=CC=1)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WWTBZEKOSBFBEM-SPWPXUSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000166124 Eucalyptus globulus Species 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 235000019738 Limestone Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000878006 Miscanthus sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001520808 Panicum virgatum Species 0.000 description 1
- 244000081757 Phalaris arundinacea Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 244000046101 Sophora japonica Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010586 Sophora japonica Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002154 agricultural waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010882 bottom ash Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005345 coagulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015271 coagulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940126208 compound 22 Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000009508 confectionery Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005314 correlation function Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007865 diluting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021323 fish oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003502 gasoline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003454 indenyl group Chemical class C1(C=CC2=CC=CC=C12)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000011221 initial treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002655 kraft paper Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006028 limestone Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002632 lipids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007726 management method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000037361 pathway Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 238000010248 power generation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001294 propane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009183 running Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010802 sludge Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002341 toxic gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010977 unit operation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000005418 vegetable material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N veratrole Chemical compound COC1=CC=CC=C1OC ABDKAPXRBAPSQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002918 waste heat Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/323—Catalytic reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds other than hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B13/00—Oxygen; Ozone; Oxides or hydroxides in general
- C01B13/02—Preparation of oxygen
- C01B13/0229—Purification or separation processes
- C01B13/0248—Physical processing only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/38—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents using catalysts
- C01B3/382—Multi-step processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
- C01B3/32—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air
- C01B3/34—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents
- C01B3/48—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by reaction of gaseous or liquid organic compounds with gasifying agents, e.g. water, carbon dioxide, air by reaction of hydrocarbons with gasifying agents followed by reaction of water vapour with carbon monoxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/52—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon
- C10G2/30—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen
- C10G2/32—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures of undefined composition from oxides of carbon from carbon monoxide with hydrogen with the use of catalysts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G3/00—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids
- C10G3/50—Production of liquid hydrocarbon mixtures from oxygen-containing organic materials, e.g. fatty oils, fatty acids in the presence of hydrogen, hydrogen donors or hydrogen generating compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G45/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds
- C10G45/58—Refining of hydrocarbon oils using hydrogen or hydrogen-generating compounds to change the structural skeleton of some of the hydrocarbon content without cracking the other hydrocarbons present, e.g. lowering pour point; Selective hydrocracking of normal paraffins
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/101—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids with water only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K3/00—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide
- C10K3/02—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment
- C10K3/04—Modifying the chemical composition of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide to produce an improved fuel, e.g. one of different calorific value, which may be free from carbon monoxide by catalytic treatment reducing the carbon monoxide content, e.g. water-gas shift [WGS]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L1/00—Liquid carbonaceous fuels
- C10L1/04—Liquid carbonaceous fuels essentially based on blends of hydrocarbons
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/06—Treatment of pulp gases; Recovery of the heat content of the gases; Treatment of gases arising from various sources in pulp and paper mills; Regeneration of gaseous SO2, e.g. arising from liquors containing sulfur compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0233—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being a steam reforming step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0205—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step
- C01B2203/0227—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step
- C01B2203/0244—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a reforming step containing a catalytic reforming step the reforming step being an autothermal reforming step, e.g. secondary reforming processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/02—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0283—Processes for making hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a CO-shift step, i.e. a water gas shift step
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0415—Purification by absorption in liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/042—Purification by adsorption on solids
- C01B2203/043—Regenerative adsorption process in two or more beds, one for adsorption, the other for regeneration
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/048—Composition of the impurity the impurity being an organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/049—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/12—Feeding the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1205—Composition of the feed
- C01B2203/1211—Organic compounds or organic mixtures used in the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/1217—Alcohols
- C01B2203/1223—Methanol
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0043—Impurity removed
- C01B2210/0046—Nitrogen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
- C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
- C02F2101/34—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/02—Non-contaminated water, e.g. for industrial water supply
- C02F2103/023—Water in cooling circuits
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/16—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from metallurgical processes, i.e. from the production, refining or treatment of metals, e.g. galvanic wastes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/26—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof
- C02F2103/28—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from the processing of plants or parts thereof from the paper or cellulose industry
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
- C02F2103/34—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32
- C02F2103/36—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds
- C02F2103/365—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated from industrial activities not provided for in groups C02F2103/12 - C02F2103/32 from the manufacture of organic compounds from petrochemical industry (e.g. refineries)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1003—Waste materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G2300/00—Aspects relating to hydrocarbon processing covered by groups C10G1/00 - C10G99/00
- C10G2300/10—Feedstock materials
- C10G2300/1011—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0913—Carbonaceous raw material
- C10J2300/0916—Biomass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/09—Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
- C10J2300/0953—Gasifying agents
- C10J2300/0959—Oxygen
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/164—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with conversion of synthesis gas
- C10J2300/1656—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals
- C10J2300/1659—Conversion of synthesis gas to chemicals to liquid hydrocarbons
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/1678—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with air separation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2300/00—Details of gasification processes
- C10J2300/16—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant
- C10J2300/169—Integration of gasification processes with another plant or parts within the plant with water treatments
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2200/00—Components of fuel compositions
- C10L2200/04—Organic compounds
- C10L2200/0461—Fractions defined by their origin
- C10L2200/0469—Renewables or materials of biological origin
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/42—Fischer-Tropsch steps
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
- C10L2290/00—Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
- C10L2290/54—Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/0007—Recovery of by-products, i.e. compounds other than those necessary for pulping, for multiple uses or not otherwise provided for
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/16—Combined cycle power plant [CCPP], or combined cycle gas turbine [CCGT]
- Y02E20/18—Integrated gasification combined cycle [IGCC], e.g. combined with carbon capture and storage [CCS]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P30/00—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry
- Y02P30/20—Technologies relating to oil refining and petrochemical industry using bio-feedstock
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
Abstract
对来自生物质液化工艺的废水进行处理,所述工艺包括由生物质生产合成气以及通过费-托(Fisher-Tropsch)工艺将所述合成气转化成液体烃。所获得的废水采用与来自其他工业工艺的废水相同的方法纯化,所述其他工业工艺与生物质液化工艺整体化,例如是林业、发电和/或供热、垃圾焚化、或者金属精炼、石化炼油和/或油品精制工业中的工艺。所述生物质液化工艺和其他工业工艺可具有共同的给水工艺单元,共同的冷却水工艺单元,和共同的废水处理单元。废水处理工艺可包括生物纯化工艺,所述费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺可利用钴催化剂。本发明还描述了包括生物质液化设备和其他工业设施的整体化工厂,其中这两种设备都与共同的废水处理设施连接。
Description
发明领域
本发明涉及用于处理在与另一个工业工艺中生产的废水的共同废水处理工艺中的生物质液化工艺(biomass-to-liquid)所生产的废水的废水处理方法。本发明还涉及用于将生物质液化工艺与其他工艺整体化的方法,其他工艺优选是林业工业,例如用于生产纸浆和/或纸张的工艺,其中所述生物质液化工艺包括从生物质生产合成气的工艺以及将所述合成气转化成液体烃的费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺,其中该整体化包括在共同废水处理过程中对生物质液化工艺和其他工艺产生的废水进行纯化。而且,本发明涉及整体化的工厂,其中生物质液化设备的至少一部分水处理设施和其他工艺是共同的,使得该设备和/或工艺中产生废水的单元都与共同废水处理设施相连,所述其他工艺是例如林业工艺、发电和/或供热工艺、垃圾焚化工艺、或者金属精炼、石化炼油和/或油品精制中的工艺。
技术背景
化石燃料逐渐减少的储藏量和化石燃料应用相关的有害气体排放增加了生物材料利用的兴趣,特别是从不可食用的可再生资源制造能代替化石燃料的液体燃料。已知一些现有技术工艺从生物起始材料生产液体燃料。但是,材料和能量的有效利用对于生物质液化燃料工艺的经济性是非常重要的。
生物质液化(BTL)设施通常由以下主要单元组成:用于生物质预加工、气化、合成气纯化、费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)(FT)单元、蜡裂化异构化、产物分离、气体循环和氧生产的模块。
已经使用来自可再生和化石来源的合成气通过费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成生产液体燃料。US 2007/0225383揭示将生物质转化成合成气并提供费-托(Fisher-Tropsch)反应用于将该气体反应成燃料和化学品的方法。该发明通过在吸热气化反应中利用放热费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)反应的热量从而改善该反应的能量平衡。
众所周知生物质液化是放热(如费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)、气化)和吸热(如生物质干燥、产物分离、气体纯化)和热中和(如空气分离单元ASU)过程的组合。在生物质液化中,压力变动和抽吸中间体和工艺冷却剂消耗大量电能。但是整个生物质液化的能量清单包括电能是正的。
从现有技术已知不同类型的整体化工艺产生改进的效率,在一些情况下产生降低的设备成本。美国专利5624964描述蒸汽重整单元和联合发电设备的整体化,其中将来自发电设备燃气涡轮空气压缩机的一部分压缩空气引入蒸汽重整单元的燃烧器-再生器,将来自燃烧器-再生器的热烟道气体回输至联合燃气涡轮发电设备的燃烧器,与剩余的压缩空气混合。蒸汽重整是费-托(Fischer-Tropsh)工艺的一个整体化部分,按常规在加热炉外侧上加热的多管式固定床反应器中进行,例如通过燃烧甲烷和丙烷之类的燃料为该反应供热。在联合发电设备中,通过在中等压力燃烧燃料气体而产生热的压缩气体,然后使其膨胀和冷却以产生能量和水蒸气,从而发电。
US 2004/0055716揭示与纸浆和纸张生产组合的合成气生产,其中用黑液气化联合循环(Black Liquor Gasification Combined Cycle,BLGCC)代替回收锅炉进行化学回收,增大制浆厂的能量产率,合成气生产变得更加能量有效,生产的合成气更加适合甲醇生产。这些工艺的联合使得能够利用较低等级的能量源,例如可能的林业废木。US 6180684揭示从烃类气体制备合成燃料以及在燃气涡轮中生产机械能和电能的整体化设备,其中利用来自燃气涡轮的热废气预热起始材料,利用机械能或电能操作整体化设备中的机械,为其他目的输出更多的能量。
现有技术还描述生物精炼厂与制浆造纸厂的整体化,其中造纸厂利用来自费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)过程的工艺蒸汽和热水代替通过燃烧天然气制得的蒸汽和热水。利用费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)过程的尾气代替石灰窑中的天然气。而且,从生物精炼厂向造纸厂输出电能,可以通过在生物精炼厂中将黑液中的有机物加工成合成气并且通过制浆厂再利用回收的煮制化学品从而取消化学回收锅炉。将合成气净化并输送至气液转化设备(整体化的林业生物精炼(The integrated forest biorefinery):我们生物未来的途径(the pathway to our bio-future),E.J.Connor,国际化学大会(International chemical conference):效率和能量管理(efficiency and energymanagement),魁北克(Quebec City),加拿大(Canada),2007年5月29日-6月1日,第323-327页)。
而且,已经讨论将燃烧生物质的合成气工艺与制浆造纸厂整体化。坐落在制浆造纸厂地点的联合供热和发动机燃料设备(CHMF)得益于制浆造纸厂的现有生物质供应基础设施。合成气工艺向制浆造纸厂提供燃料气体,优选是排出气体,用于最终预热回收锅炉水蒸气,为石灰窑提供燃料,或者为燃气干纸机提供燃料。来自造纸厂的黑液可部分气化,这种情况中,与黑液衍生气体一起进入主要合成气加工管线的硫化氢在气体调节步骤被除去,吸收在白液中。来自合成气调节步骤的富含CO2的物流用作木质素去除工艺中的酸化剂(生物质转化(Biomass conversions);整体化的林业生物精炼构想(Integrated Forest Biorefinery Concepts),K.Saviharju和P.McKeough,纸浆和纸张大会(Pulp & Paper Conference),2007年6月5日-7日,第5-10页)。
而且现有技术中已经提出许多在发电厂中使用合成气、费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)尾气和/或甲醇作为调峰燃料的用途。WO 2007/061616描述许多用于共同生产电能和化学品的合成气组合物,其中各功能要求的合成气体积和/或组成随时间变化。WO 2007/076363揭示费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)烃生产设施与发电设施的整体化,其中通过降低费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)反应器的温度从而增加尾气数量,并且使用费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)尾气为燃气涡轮发电组提供燃料,从而满足峰值负荷能量要求,由此实现合成气生产单元和费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)单元中的稳定流速。US 4946477揭示对整体化的气化联合循环(IGCC)发电设备中的甲醇生产步骤的改进,其中从富含CO的合成气生产甲醇,并用于调峰。水煤气变换和甲醇合成反应在液相甲醇反应器中同时发生。
但是,虽然已经对能量和化学品回收建议将生物质液化设备或其一部分与其他设施整体化,但是仍然需要更有效的生物质液化过程。还需要进一步改进生物质液化工艺与其他工业工艺的整体化。
本发明涉及对至少两种设备和/或工艺进行广泛整体化时生物质液化设备和其他工业设施的共同废水处理的协同化,所述其他工业设施例如林业工艺、发电设备、焚烧设备、金属加工、石化设备或油品精制。优选的其他工业工艺是生产纸浆和/或纸张的工艺。
发明概述
本发明涉及用于处理与其他工业工艺产生的废水的共同废水处理过程中的生物质液化工艺所产生废水的废水处理方法。而且,本发明涉及整体化工厂,其中生物质液化设备的水处理设施的至少一部分与另一种工业设施是共同的,使得两种设备和/或设施中产生的所述废水都与共同废水处理设施相连,所述另一种工业设施是例如林业工厂、发电和/或供热设备、垃圾焚化工艺、或者金属精炼、石化炼油和/或油品精制工业。
本发明还涉及将生物质液化工艺与其他工艺整体化的方法,所述其他工艺优选是林业工艺,例如生产纸浆和/或纸张的工艺,其中所述生物质液化工艺包括从生物质生产合成气的工艺以及将所述合成气转化成液体烃的费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺,这种整体化包括在共同废水处理工艺中对生物质液化工艺和其他工艺生产的废水进行纯化。
整体化的生物质液化设备和其他工业设施的共同废水处理以及本发明废水处理方法的一个优点是,能够在废水处理工艺的生物纯化中利用受醇污染的水性流出物,该流出物是在费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺使用钴催化剂时产生的。用来自其他工业工艺的水性流出物稀释该受醇污染的流出物时,向所述生物纯化提供的受醇污染的流出物的量能有效稳定和/或改善所述纯化工艺。
附图简要描述
图1是表示生物质液化工艺的一个例子的示意流程图。
图2是表示本发明一种实施方式的示意流程图。
发明详述
本发明涉及用于处理与其他工业工艺所产生废水共同的废水处理过程中的生物质液化工艺所产生的废水的废水处理方法。
在提供的说明书和权利要求中,以下术语具有以下定义的含义。
“整体化工艺”表示联合了可分别进行的至少两种独立工业工艺的两种或更多种相关功能的工艺,因此有至少一个明显工艺步骤是这两种工艺所共同的。
整体化工厂或设施表示至少两个工业设施具有一个或多个共同的工业单元的工厂或设施。
术语“废水处理”或“污水处理”表示从废水除去污染物的过程。其包括物理、化学和生物过程以除去物理、化学和生物污染物。其目的是产生适合于再利用或排放到环境中的废液物流(或处理后流出物)和固体废物或淤泥。废水处理通常包括三个阶段,称为一次处理、二次处理和三次处理。首先,从废水物流分离固体。然后通过使用固有的水生微生物将溶解的生物物质逐渐转化成固体物质。最后,将生物固体中和,或者处置,或者再利用,可以采用化学或物理方式对处理后水进一步灭菌。
术语“合成气”或“合成气体”表示由含碳物质气化产生的含有变化量的一氧化碳和氢的气体混合物。生物材料的气化提供的氢与一氧化碳的比例约为2。该气体适合于通过费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成提供烃,尤其是加入一些额外的氢以后。除了一氧化碳和氢以外,未纯化的“粗合成气”还包含“杂质”,例如CO2(二氧化碳)、CH4(甲烷)、H2O(水)、N2(氮气)、H2S(硫化氢)、NH3(氨)、HCl(氯化氢)、焦油、和小颗粒如灰和烟炱。通常需要调节粗合成气,以获得适用于费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)型合成的纯化的合成气。粗合成气的调节表示例如纯化的合成气的氢与一氧化碳的摩尔比为2.5∶1至0.5∶1,优选为2.1∶1至1.8∶1,更优选约为2∶1。
“费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)”合成是一种催化的化学反应,其中将氢和一氧化碳转化成基本高斯(Gaussian)分布的各种长度(指定的(C1-C100+))的烃链。常用的催化剂基于铁和钴。术语“费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)条件”表示适合于进行费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)反应的反应条件。为了生产柴油燃料,所谓α值(0-1的值,甲烷的该值最低,固体蜡的该值最高)应当较高,优选接近0.89,这是中间馏分的最大α值。这些条件是众所周知的,可参见本领域文献。
术语“自热重整”表示通过联合部分氧化和蒸汽重整,从烃和甲醇之类的给料催化生产氢。
术语“水煤气变换”表示一种无机化学反应,其中水和一氧化碳反应以形成二氧化碳和氢(水裂解)。
术语“制浆和/或造纸厂”或“制浆和/或造纸工艺”或“制浆和/或造纸设施”表示从木材或非木原料生产纸浆和/或从纸浆生产纸张的工艺或生产设施。这些术语也表示独立的纸浆和纸张生产设施/厂。
作为用于FT工艺的原料,几乎所有种类的生物质都适合进行气化。需要时,首先将生物质干燥,使其湿含量降低至等于或小于35重量%,如10-20重量%。生物质通常选自植物、动物和/或鱼类来源的原始材料和废弃材料,例如城市废物、工业废物或副产物、农业废物或副产物(还包括家畜粪便)、木材加工业的废物或副产物、食品工业的废物或副产物、海洋植物(如海藻)及其组合。生物质材料优选选自不可食用的资源,例如不可食用的废物和不可食用的植物材料,包括油、脂肪和蜡。根据本发明的优选生物质材料包括木材加工业的废物和副产物,如残余物、城市废木材、木材废物、碎木、锯屑、稻草、木柴、木质材料、纸张、造纸或采伐过程的副产物、短期轮作庄稼等。来自FT工艺的生物质材料还可以包括植物油、动物脂肪、鱼油、天然蜡和脂肪酸。
适用于本发明FT工艺的原材料为各种不同形式,可进行合适的预处理工艺,以增大它们在本发明整体化工艺中的利用率。因此,可以对材料进行分选、清洁、洗涤、干燥、研磨、压紧、混合、预氢化等,以除去杂质和提供适合于生产用于FT反应的合成气的给料物流。
用于构建整体化的生物质液化工艺和工厂的设备通常包括已知部件或者可由已知部件改进的部件。整体化的生物质液化设施所需要的基本设备通常包括用于预加工生物质、气化、合成气纯化、费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)反应、蜡裂化-异构化、产物分离、气体分离和循环、以及氧生产的模块。
在生物质液化工艺中,工艺流出物在气化、气体纯化、费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺、产物升级段中形成。可以将这些流出物物流输送至新的共同的或现有的废水处理设备,该废水处理设备的位置靠近另一个工业工艺和/或设施,如制浆和/或造纸厂。
用水洗涤合成气时形成由气化产生的工艺流出物。进行水洗涤从而纯化合成气除去颗粒,残留的重焦油、轻焦油、铵、碱金属、氯化物和磷化合物、以及所有其他水溶性化合物。从气化器的洗涤器液体中分析的典型轻焦油化合物如表1中所示。洗涤器水的总有机碳(TOC)含量通常远低于1克/立方分米。在水洗涤中,将合成气冷却至大约50℃。合成气流出物的冷却导致过量水形成工艺流出物。对于生产大约110000吨/年(t/a)液体燃料的生物质液化工艺,气化产生的工艺流出物的量为10-40吨/小时。
表1
毫克/立方分米 | |
苯 | 3 |
水溶性化合物 | 53 |
单环芳香烃 | 0 |
萘 | 5 |
茚和PAH化合物 | 22 |
总焦油 | 83 |
当费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成使用钴催化剂时,从费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺产生约20-25吨/小时的工艺流出物,主要是受醇污染的水。还从产物升级单元产生一些流出物。在费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺中使用铁基催化剂导致只从气体纯化单元和产物升级单元产生工艺流出物。对于铁基催化剂工艺,流出物的量明显减少。
生物质液化产生的水性工艺流出物的总量为几十吨/小时。制浆和/或造纸厂的废水处理设备的容量通常在几千吨/小时的范围。整体化的BTL构想在总废水流中导致的增加很小。获得更明显的协同作用,因为来自生物质液化工艺的工艺流出物尤其是醇使生物废水处理工艺变稳定。
生产造纸用纸浆的最常见的方法是化学或机械制浆。在化学制浆中,用热量和化学品处理碎木或木质纤维的非木材料,使材料纤维分离,并溶解纤维之间的木质素。在机械制浆中,将木材机械研磨成纤维。洗涤获得的木浆(化学或机械纸浆),经常还要漂白。如果制浆厂与造纸厂相连,则可将纸浆直接从洗涤/漂白输送至造纸机的原料准备。如果不能这样做,则将纸浆干燥并打包以供后用。对于没有自己的纸浆生产的造纸厂,还可以以打包形式提供纸浆。
在造纸厂中,原料准备包括几个阶段。在原料准备中,向原料中加入水和各种添加剂,生产能输送至造纸机的压头箱的纸浆悬浮液。在造纸机中,将原料输送通过金属网上的压头箱,通过吸干水分、压制和干燥形成纸幅。然后切割干燥的纸幅,并卷成最终产品。
在化学制浆厂中,用于煮制的化学品是在制浆厂的化学回收循环中回收的。在Kraft制浆工艺中,用过的煮制液体即黑液在任选回收其妥尔油部分之后燃烧。在回收锅炉中,包括硫化氢的有机物质分解。含有钠和硫的熔融物溶解,用于提供新的煮制液体。从以上可知,制浆厂包括生产水蒸气的回收锅炉。制浆厂还包括废热锅炉,也用于生产水蒸气。这些锅炉都产生烟道气,必须在其排放到环境之前进行清洁。对于这个目的可以使用洗涤器。
在例如木材处理、煮制(化学制浆)、研磨(机械制浆)、洗涤、过筛和漂白时形成制浆废水。烟道气洗涤器也产生废水。废水中包含用于消解(化学制浆)的化学品以及从木材中分离的有机材料,例如木质素、糖和半纤维素。由于存在这些污染物,所以废水具有较高的生物化学需氧量(BOD)、化学需氧量(COD),颜色也较深。可以通过化学凝结、沉降和过滤工艺处理制浆废水。可以通过超滤处理制浆厂中的漂白废水。使用原始纸浆的造纸厂产生的废水的受污染程度较小,可以在用凝结-沉降或溶解-气浮处理之后排出。随后,可以在过滤之后对处理后水进行再利用。
目前的造纸工艺从考虑减少耗水量角度设计。新鲜水只用于该工艺的最关键部分,例如造纸机喷淋器和化学稀释。将来自造纸机的过量水引向制浆工艺,并引向通过纤维回收的流出物处理。还有一部分水蒸发,尤其是在造纸机干燥器段中。
当所述其他工业工艺是制浆和/或造纸厂时,本发明的整体化工艺获得很大的益处。除了共同废水处理的很大协同作用之外,制浆和/或造纸厂的废物和/或副产物还能非常有效地用作BTL的原料。同时,BTL工艺的其他废物(除水以外)如硫化氢在制浆和/或造纸厂的常规硫再循环系统中有效处理。同样重要的是,来自气化单元和来自BTL工艺的费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)反应的水蒸气能用于发电和/或纸浆造纸厂的单元操作,例如干燥纤维状给料或干燥纸张。而且,来自普通离子交换工艺的纯化水可用于造纸和/或制浆厂中,以及用于BTL工艺中。来自BTL工艺的费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)的燃料气体(尾气和/或排出气体)也可用于制浆和/或造纸厂中发电。
在优选的整体化生物质液化工艺设备中,包括用于将生物质液化工艺反应器中产生的水输送至制浆和/或造纸厂的废水处理单元的装置。还包括将冷却水以及来自普通离子交换工艺的纯化给水输送至生物质液化工艺的装置。该设备还包括用于将制浆造纸厂产生的能量输送至生物质液化工艺的装置,以及用于将费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)反应器中产生的水蒸气和能量输送至例如所述制浆造纸厂的干燥工艺的装置。还提供用于将生物质(例如制浆和/或造纸厂的基于木材的废物)输送至合成气生产用于费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)反应器的装置,以及用于将仪表空气输送至生物质液化工艺的装置,以及将来自生物质液化工艺的富含H2S的气体和燃料气体输送至制浆和/或造纸厂的装置。
在用于冷却目的的这两个工艺中使用大量水,可以将这些水输送至用于未污染水的独立下水道。本发明涉及这种冷却水引入和排出的共同利用。还通过利用共同单元为这两个工艺提供纯化的工艺水从而提供益处。
油品精制是将原油加工并精制成更有用的石油产品的工业工艺,所述更有用的石油产品例如是汽油、柴油燃料、沥青基、燃料油、煤油、和液化石油气。油品精制的废水收集和处理系统单元可包括油水分离器,这是一种设计用于从油品精制的废水流出物中分离大量油和悬浮固体的装置,所述系统单元还包括溶解气浮(DAF)单元和一些类型的进一步处理,例如活化淤泥生物处理器,用于使水适合于再利用或处置。通过油品精制获得的一种产物是石化产物或石化给料,经常将它们输送至石化设备,采用各种方式进一步加工。石化产品可以是烯烃或其前体,或者是各种类型的芳香族石化产品。根据污染物通过各种方式处理来自石化设备的废水。一部分流出物通常在生物废水纯化设施中处理,这些设施也适用于处理BTL流出物。
焚化是一种废物处理技术,其包括燃烧有机材料和/或物质。将焚化和其他高温废物处理系统描述为“热处理”。废物材料的焚化将废物转化成焚化炉底灰、烟道气、微粒和热量,随后可以用它们来发电。有多种焚化炉设备设计,例如移动式炉栅、固定式炉栅、旋转窑和流化床。现代焚化炉包括污染减少设备,例如烟道气清洁设备。例如可通过用酸和/或碱性洗涤液体进行洗涤以及使用除去颗粒和其他杂质的装置对烟道气进行清洁。来自洗涤器的废水必须随后通过废水处理设备,该设备可以根据本发明与生物质液化设备整体化。
金属工业中使用各种处理废水的工艺,例如在钢铁或制铝工业和/或采矿业如煤矿中。尤其是来自各种洗涤器的废水可以采用与来自BTL工艺的废水相同的方式进行处理。如果在费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺中使用铁催化剂,则将BTL工艺与铁工业设施整体化时可以获得额外的协同效果,因为可以从铁生产设施获得新的催化剂。将BTL工艺与金属和/或采矿工业设施整体化的其他益处有,来自金属生产或例如煤矿的气体可用作BTL工艺的费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)单元的给料。
本发明涉及用于将生物质液化工艺与其他工业工艺整体化的方法,其中该整体化包括在共同废水处理工艺中对所述生物质液化工艺和其他工业工艺中产生的废水进行纯化。生物质液化工艺包括在气化和气体调节单元中从生物质生产合成气的工艺,以及用于将所述合成气转化成液体烃的费-托(Fisher Tropsch)工艺。通常所述其他工业工艺是发电和/或供热工艺,垃圾焚化工艺,金属精炼、石化炼油和/或油品精制工业中的工艺,或者林业工艺,最优选是用于生产纸浆和纸张的工艺。
本发明进一步涉及用于处理生物质液化工艺所形成的废水的废水处理工艺,其中在与其他工业工艺所生产废水共同的废水处理设施中对生物质液化工艺产生的废水进行纯化,所述其他工业工艺与生物质液化工艺整体化。生物质液化工艺包括用于从所述制浆和/或造纸工艺的基于木材的副产物生物质生产合成气的工艺,以及用于将所述合成气转化成液体烃的费-托(Fisher Tropsch)工艺。所述其他工业工艺通常是发电和/或供热工艺,垃圾焚化工艺,金属精炼、石化炼油和/或油品精制工业中的工艺,或者林业工艺,优选是用于生产纸浆和/或纸张的工艺,最优选是用于生产纸浆和纸张的工艺。
合适生物质来源的例子包括林业残余物、城市废木材、造纸业的副产物和废物、木材废物、碎木、锯屑、稻草、木柴、农业残余物、家畜粪便、来自商业和工业的废物等。短期轮作庄稼,如柳树、杨树、槐树、桉树,和木质纤维庄稼,如芦苇、草芦、芒草和柳枝稷,也是合适的生物质。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,共同废水处理工艺包括生物纯化工艺,所述费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺利用钴催化剂,其提供受醇污染的水性流出物,其中,用来自所述制浆和/或造纸工艺的水性流出物稀释所述受醇污染的流出物,用于所述生物纯化工艺。受醇污染的流出物通常包含0.25-5重量%的醇,优选向该生物纯化工艺提供的该流出物中的醇的量能有效地稳定和/或改善所述纯化工艺。
在本发明的另一种优选实施方式中,生物质液化工艺和其他工业工艺除了共同废水处理工艺之外还具有共同给水工艺单元和共同冷却水工艺单元,从而具有综合性整体化水处理系统。
合成气的生产可包括用水洗涤和/或骤冷合成气,从而除去污染物和/或冷却合成气,可以在本发明的共同废水处理工艺中纯化制得的污染水。污染水通常包含水不溶性和水溶性污染物,包括重焦油或轻焦油、铵、碱金属、氯化物、磷化合物、以及冷凝水蒸气。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,在共同离子交换工艺中分别提供生物质液化工艺和其他工业工艺要求的纯水。通常使用纯水为所述整体化工艺中的各工艺提供水蒸气。优选生物质液化工艺包括水煤气变换(WGS)反应,将来自共同离子交换工艺的化学纯水提供给WGS反应。可进一步将化学纯水提供给气化单元以及生物质液化工艺的自热重整器。
含有元素碳、烟炱和/或焦炭的固体残余物可以作为生物质液化工艺的气化副产物生产。通常将固体残余物或元素碳或其一部分用于纯化生物质液化工艺或其他工业工艺的受污染液体和/或气态流出物,优选用于制浆和/或造纸工艺。
通常通过纯化工艺增大固体残余物/元素碳的能量值,可将其与其他工业(优选是制浆和/或造纸工艺)的可燃性副产物混合,用于提高可燃性副产物的燃烧值。还可以使用固体残余物提供活性炭。可以将通过进一步加工固体残余物/元素碳获得的活性炭用于活性炭过滤器中。
在本发明的一种优选实施方式中,分别使用生物质液化工艺中提供的高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气作为其他工业工艺中的高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气,优选用于制浆和/或造纸工艺中。
通常对费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺生产的烃进行蜡裂化异构化,将制得的产物分离成气态排出气体和液体燃料产物。优选将气态排出气体或其一部分引导至其他工业工艺中用于燃烧和能量生产。
调节费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺的工艺参数可以获得不同量的产物,例如气态排出气体和液体燃料产物。如果例如其他工业工艺中的能量生产需要更多的排出气体,则可以调节费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺的工艺参数,从而形成更多的排出气体和更少的液体燃料产物。因此,可以通过调节所述费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺的参数来调节从费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺引向其他工业工艺和/或共同废水处理的产物量。如何调节费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺参见Steynberg A.和Dry M.的著作,费-托技术(Fischer-Tropsch Technology),Elsevier 2004,第601-680页。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,进行制浆和/或造纸工艺以生产纸浆和/或纸张,进行生物质液化工艺以生产柴油和/或石脑油沸点范围的生物燃料,任选进行该整体化工艺以提供多余的能量和/或化学品。
本发明还涉及包括生物质液化设备和其他工业设施的整体化工厂,其中生物质液化设备和其他设备具有共同的至少一部分的水处理设施,因此,所述设备和工厂中产生水性流出物的单元分别与共同废水处理设施相连。生物质液化设备包括气化和气体调节单元,该单元用于合成气生产,能够从生物质生产合成气,该生物质液化设备还包括费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元,该单元能够将所述合成气转化成液体烃。通常所述其他设施是发电设备,焚化设备,金属加工,石化设备,油品精制或林业厂,优选是制浆和/或造纸厂,最优选是制浆造纸厂。
在本发明的优选实施方式中,共同废水处理设施包括生物水纯化设施,该设施适合于纯化所述制浆和/或造纸厂的水性流出物。该费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)单元可进一步包括钴催化剂,提供适合于生物废水纯化的受醇污染的水。
在本发明的另一种优选实施方式中,生物质液化设备包括合成气纯化单元,即,具有洗涤器和/或骤冷单元的气化和气体调节单元,该单元提供适合于生物废水纯化的污染水。
整体化的生物质液化设备和其他工业设施(优选是制浆和/或造纸厂)可具有共同离子交换单元,用于提供纯水。通常该生物质液化设备包括水煤气变换(WGS)单元,该单元利用来自共同离子交换单元的水。
整体化工厂的生物质液化设备可进一步包括吸收单元,该单元包括在所述气化单元中生产的元素碳,通常该生物质液化设备包括用于生产高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气的装置以及其他工业设施,所述其他工业设施优选是制浆和/或造纸厂,该生物质液化设备还包括对所述高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气进行利用的装置。
给出以下实施例用于进一步说明本发明,并非意图限制其范围。根据以上说明,本领域技术人员能够以多种方式修改本发明,提供具有共同废水处理的两种或更多种工艺的整体化。所述整体化的至少两种工业设施可以以不同的程度进行整体化,其中整体化的工业单元的总数等于或大于1。
实施例1
图1显示生物质液化(BTL)工艺的示意流程图,该工艺位置紧靠制浆造纸厂并与其整体化。该生物质液化工艺包括将林业残余物1输送至给料预处理单元2,然后将给料输送至气化和气体调节单元3,用于生产合成气。气化和气体调节单元3包括气体洗涤和水煤气变换(WGS)单元。单元3与空气分离单元(ASU)4相连,单元4用于生产氧。在费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元6之前,在气体加工和清洁单元5中处理该气体。
在自热重整(ATR)单元7中从给料物流13生产氢,给料物流13包含来自该工艺的尾气14和排出气体15。在压力变动吸附(PSA)单元7或类似单元中分离出氢。还可使用来自该工艺其他部分的氢。
在产物升级单元8中从费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元6的产物气体获得石脑油9和柴油10馏分。从气化和气体调节单元3获得高压水蒸气(hp水蒸气)11,从费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元6获得中压水蒸气(mp水蒸气)12。分别从费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元6和产物升级单元8进一步除去费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)尾气14和排出气体15。分别从费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元6以及气化和气体调节单元3获得水性流出物16和17。
图2显示上述BTL生物柴油设施20的一个例子。在该实施例中,将来自共同木材供应设施18的约2.1太瓦小时/年或约1百万立方米/年的能量木材(主要是林业残余物)1输送至生物质液化工艺,该工艺与制浆造纸厂19整体化。该BTL工艺产生65000-88000吨/年的柴油和20000-27000吨/年的石脑油。该制浆造纸厂19产生约600000-700000吨/年的纸浆和/或纸张。
将冷却容量为30-60兆瓦的冷却水25从工厂废水系统23输送至气化和气体调节单元3,用于冷却产生的合成气,输送至费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元6并输送至BTL生物柴油设施20的空气分离单元4。进一步将来自制浆造纸厂19和BTL生物柴油设施20的共同离子交换工艺22的120-150吨/小时(35-40千克/秒)的纯化给水输送至BTL生物柴油设施20的WGS反应。WGS从一氧化碳和水生产氢。还利用纯化给水为例如以下工艺提供水蒸气:生物质气化、气体调节和/或尾气间接冷却工艺。
可以在制浆造纸厂19中直接使用从BTL生物柴油设施20的费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)工艺的间接冷却获得的中压纯水冷凝物(20千克/秒)28。同时在BTL生物柴油设施20中利用制浆造纸厂19产生的20-30兆瓦的电能26。
而且,在制浆造纸厂19中直接使用在BTL生物柴油设施20中获得的水蒸气,10-25千克/秒的高压水蒸气11和0-10千克/秒的中压水蒸气12。利用高压水蒸气11发电,利用中压水蒸气12干燥纸浆和/或纸幅。还可以在BTL生物柴油设施20中在气化、气体调节和/或WGS中至少部分地使用中压水蒸气12。
在费-托(Fischer-Trpsch)合成中使用钴催化剂,因此,在费-托(Fischer-Tropsch)合成单元6中产生受醇污染的水,即20-25吨/小时的流出物16。这种污染水不能在工艺中再循环,必须在特别的纯化工艺中对该流出物进行加工。但是,稀释之后,可以在废水处理工艺单元21的生物废水纯化工艺中对污染水进行处理。在生物废水纯化工艺中使用稀释的含醇流出物事实上稳定和改善了该纯化工艺。
在气化和气体调节单元3的洗涤器中以及在BTL生物柴油设施20的产物升级单元8中还产生25-30吨/小时的水性流出物即废水。在气化和气体调节单元3中用水洗涤合成气时,形成工艺流出物。在水洗涤中,合成气冷却至50℃。
还可以在制浆造纸厂19中有效处理BTL生物柴油设施20的除水以外的其他废物。在制浆和/或造纸厂19的常规硫再循环系统中处理3千克/秒的硫化氢27。
在所述工艺中,在制浆造纸厂19附近的废水处理工艺单元21的生物纯化工艺中纯化的水性流出物的总量通常为45-55吨/小时,其典型组成显示在下表2中。
表2
流出物 | 数量 | 特性 |
废水 | 20.6吨/小时 | 醇MEOH 0.26体积%ETOH 0.1体积%PROH 0.03体积%BUOH 0.02体积%C5OH <0.01体积%C6OH <0.01体积%C7+OH <0.01体积% |
同时,制浆造纸厂19从其不同工艺步骤产生约2000-5000吨/小时的污染水(流出物)29。因此,BTL生物柴油设施20和制浆造纸厂19产生污染水作为该工艺的不利副产物。根据本发明,在共同废水处理设施中合并和纯化废水物流。在本实施例中,在生物纯化工艺中处理废水,首先用来自制浆造纸厂的水稀释来自BTL生物柴油设施20的废水,然后将其输送至水纯化。
Claims (32)
1.一种废水处理方法,该方法用于处理生物质液化工艺产生的废水,其中该生物质液化工艺包括:
用于从生物质生产合成气的工艺,
利用钴催化剂,用于将所述合成气转化成液体烃的费-托工艺,
其特征在于,在与其他工业工艺所生产废水共同的废水处理工艺中,对所述生物质液化工艺产生的包含受醇污染的水性流出物的所述废水进行纯化,所述其它工业工艺与所述生物质液化工艺整体化。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述其他工业工艺是林业工艺,发电和/或供热工艺,垃圾焚化工艺,或金属精炼、石化炼油和/或油品精制工业中的工艺。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的方法,其特征在于,所述其他工业工艺是用于生产纸浆和/或纸张的工艺。
4.如权利要求1-所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生物质液化工艺和所述其他工业工艺具有共同给水工艺单元、共同冷却水工艺单元和共同废水处理单元。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生物质包括林业残余物,城市废木材,林业的副产物和废物,短期轮作庄稼,木柴,农业残余物,家畜粪便,来自商业和工业的废物。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生物质包括碎木。
7.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述共同废水处理工艺包括生物纯化工艺,其中用来自所述其他工业工艺的水性流出物稀释所述受醇污染的水性流出物,用于所述生物纯化工艺。
8.如权利要求7所述的方法,其特征在于,所述受醇污染的水性流出物包含0.25-5重量%的醇。
9.如权利要求7或8所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述流出物中的所述醇提供至所述生物纯化工艺,该提供量能有效稳定和/或改善所述纯化工艺。
10.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述合成气的生产包括用水洗涤和/或骤冷所述合成气,从而除去污染物和/或冷却所述合成气,其中在所述共同废水处理工艺中对制得的污染水进行纯化。
11.如权利要求10所述的方法,其特征在于,所述污染水包含水不溶性和水溶性污染物,包括重焦油或轻焦油、铵、碱金属、氯化物、磷化合物、以及冷凝的水蒸气。
12.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在共同离子交换工艺中分别提供所述生物质液化工艺和所述其他工业工艺中分别需要的纯水。
13.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,使用所述纯水为所述整体化工艺中的各工艺提供水蒸气。
14.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,所述生物质液化工艺包括水煤气变换(WGS)反应,其中从所述共同离子交换工艺为所述WGS反应提供化学纯水。
15.如权利要求12所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述纯水用于生物质液化工艺中的气化和/或气体调节单元。
16.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述生物质气化,含有元素碳的固体残余物作为所述气化的副产物产生。
17.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,所述含有元素碳的固体残余物包含烟炱和/或焦炭。
18.如权利要求16所述的方法,其特征在于,将所述固体残余物或所述元素碳或其一部分用于纯化所述生物质液化工艺或所述其他工业工艺的污染液体和/或气态流出物。
19.如权利要求18所述的方法,其特征在于,通过所述纯化工艺提高所述固体残余物/元素碳的能量值,将其与所述其他工业工艺的可燃性副产物混合,用于提高所述可燃性副产物的燃烧值。
20.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,在所述生物质液化工艺中提供高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气,在所述其他工业工艺中分别将所述水蒸气用作高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气。
21.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,将费-托工艺的制得产物分离成气态排出气体和液体燃料产物,将所述气态排出气体或其一部分引向所述其他工业工艺,用于燃烧和能量生产。
22.如权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于,所述其他工业工艺是制浆和/或造纸工艺,进行该工艺以生产纸浆和/或纸张,进行所述生物质液化工艺以生产柴油和/或石脑油沸点范围的生物燃料,任选进行所述整体化工艺以提供多余的能量和/或化学品。
23.一种包括生物质液化设备和其他工业设施的整体化工厂,其中所述生物质液化设备包括:
能从生物质生产合成气的气化和气体调节单元,和
能将所述合成气转化成液体烃的包含钴催化剂的费-托合成单元,
其特征在于,所述生物质液化设备和所述其他工业设施具有共同的至少一部分废水处理设施,因此至少有所述设备中生产包含受醇污染的水的水性流出物和所述其他设施中生产水性流出物的单元分别与共同废水处理设施相连。
24.如权利要求23所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,所述其他工业设施是林业工厂,发电设备,焚化设备,金属加工,石化设备,或油品精制。
25.如权利要求23或24所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,所述共同废水处理设施包括生物水纯化设施,该设施适合于纯化所述其他工业设施的水性流出物。
26.如权利要求23所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,来自所述费-托合成单元的所述受醇污染的水适合于生物废水纯化。
27.如权利要求23所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,所述生物质液化设备包括气化和气体调节单元,该单元具有洗涤器和/或骤冷单元,提供适合于生物废水纯化的污染水。
28.如权利要求23所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,所述生物质液化设备和所述其他工业设施具有共同离子交换单元,用于提供纯水。
29.如权利要求28所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,所述生物质液化设备包括水煤气变换(WGS)单元,利用来自所述共同离子交换单元的水。
30.如权利要求23所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,所述生物质液化设备包括吸收单元,该单元包括在所述气化单元中生产的元素碳。
31.如权利要求23所述的整体化工厂,其特征在于,所述生物质液化设备包括用于生产高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气的装置,所述其他工业设施是制浆和/或造纸厂以及/或者发电单元,其包括用于利用所述高压、中压和/或低压水蒸气的装置。
32.一种用于整体化生物质液化工艺和用于生产纸浆和/或纸张的工艺的方法,其中所述生物质液化工艺包括:
用于从生物质生产合成气的方法,和
利用钴催化剂,用于将所述合成气转化成液体烃的费-托工艺,
其特征在于,所述整体化包括在共同废水处理工艺中对所述生物质液化工艺产生的包含受醇污染的水性流出物的废水和所述制浆和/或造纸工艺中产生的废水进行纯化。
Applications Claiming Priority (5)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FI20075794A FI20075794L (fi) | 2007-11-09 | 2007-11-09 | Integroitu prosessi diesel-polttoaineen valmistamiseksi biologisesta materiaalista ja prosessiin liittyvät tuotteet, käyttötavat ja laitteisto |
FI20075794 | 2007-11-09 | ||
FI20085400 | 2008-04-30 | ||
FI20085400A FI20085400A0 (fi) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-04-30 | Menetelmä jäteveden integroidulle käsittelylle |
PCT/EP2008/059439 WO2009059819A1 (en) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-07-18 | Waste water treatment from a biomass-to-liquid process comprising synthesis gas production and integrated factory facility |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN101939264A CN101939264A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
CN101939264B true CN101939264B (zh) | 2012-11-28 |
Family
ID=39386023
Family Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2008801155093A Active CN101939264B (zh) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-07-18 | 包括合成气生产和整体化工厂设施的生物质液化工艺的废水处理 |
CN2008801239991A Pending CN101918305A (zh) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-10-29 | 利用甲醇生产氢气和燃料,生产氢气和燃料的方法及设备 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2008801239991A Pending CN101918305A (zh) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-10-29 | 利用甲醇生产氢气和燃料,生产氢气和燃料的方法及设备 |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (3) | US8591737B2 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2238084B1 (zh) |
CN (2) | CN101939264B (zh) |
BR (2) | BRPI0819176A2 (zh) |
CA (2) | CA2705064C (zh) |
FI (2) | FI20085400A0 (zh) |
RU (2) | RU2480425C2 (zh) |
WO (2) | WO2009059819A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (71)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FI20085400A0 (fi) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-04-30 | Upm Kymmene Oyj | Menetelmä jäteveden integroidulle käsittelylle |
US7999142B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-08-16 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US7982077B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with selective separation of converted oxygen |
US7982075B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with lower hydrogen consumption |
US8003834B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-08-23 | Uop Llc | Integrated process for oil extraction and production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US7915460B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-03-29 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with heat integration |
US7982078B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks with selective separation of converted oxygen |
US7999143B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-08-16 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks with reduced hydrogen consumption |
US7982076B2 (en) | 2007-09-20 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US8742183B2 (en) | 2007-12-21 | 2014-06-03 | Uop Llc | Production of aviation fuel from biorenewable feedstocks |
US8198492B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2012-06-12 | Uop Llc | Production of transportation fuel from renewable feedstocks |
US8039682B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2011-10-18 | Uop Llc | Production of aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks |
US8193399B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2012-06-05 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel and aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks |
US8058492B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2011-11-15 | Uop Llc | Controlling production of transportation fuels from renewable feedstocks |
US8193400B2 (en) | 2008-03-17 | 2012-06-05 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks |
US8329967B2 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2012-12-11 | Uop Llc | Production of blended fuel from renewable feedstocks |
US8329968B2 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2012-12-11 | Uop Llc | Production of blended gasoline aviation and diesel fuels from renewable feedstocks |
BRPI0911281A2 (pt) | 2008-04-06 | 2015-09-29 | Uop Llc | processo para produzir oridutis de hidrocarboneto a partir de carga de alimentação de óleo de pirólise total. |
US8324438B2 (en) | 2008-04-06 | 2012-12-04 | Uop Llc | Production of blended gasoline and blended aviation fuel from renewable feedstocks |
US8304592B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2012-11-06 | Uop Llc | Production of paraffinic fuel from renewable feedstocks |
US8766025B2 (en) | 2008-06-24 | 2014-07-01 | Uop Llc | Production of paraffinic fuel from renewable feedstocks |
AU2009270687B2 (en) * | 2008-07-17 | 2015-07-23 | Intercat Equipment, Inc. | Material delivery system to one or more units and methods of such delivery |
KR101646292B1 (ko) * | 2008-09-05 | 2016-08-05 | 인터캣 이큅먼트, 인코포레이티드 | 하나 이상의 유닛 내의 재료 재고를 조절하는 재료 회수 장치 및 방법 |
US7982079B2 (en) | 2008-09-11 | 2011-07-19 | Uop Llc | Integrated process for production of diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks and ethanol denaturizing |
US8921627B2 (en) | 2008-12-12 | 2014-12-30 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from biorenewable feedstocks using non-flashing quench liquid |
US8471079B2 (en) | 2008-12-16 | 2013-06-25 | Uop Llc | Production of fuel from co-processing multiple renewable feedstocks |
US8314274B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2012-11-20 | Uop Llc | Controlling cold flow properties of transportation fuels from renewable feedstocks |
US8283506B2 (en) | 2008-12-17 | 2012-10-09 | Uop Llc | Production of fuel from renewable feedstocks using a finishing reactor |
EP2376602B1 (en) | 2008-12-23 | 2018-04-11 | Johnson Matthey Process Technologies, Inc. | Method of withdrawing material from an fcc unit |
US10471384B2 (en) | 2009-04-22 | 2019-11-12 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | System and method for reducing halogen levels necessary for mercury control, increasing the service life and/or catalytic activity of an SCR catalyst and/or control of multiple emissions |
US8471081B2 (en) | 2009-12-28 | 2013-06-25 | Uop Llc | Production of diesel fuel from crude tall oil |
WO2012054812A2 (en) * | 2010-10-21 | 2012-04-26 | Packaging Corporation Of America | Method for biological treatment of hydrolyzate from pulp washing by balancing chemical oxygen demand |
FI20115038L (fi) * | 2011-01-14 | 2012-07-15 | Vapo Oy | Menetelmä btl-tehtaassa muodostuvien kaasujen sisältämän lämpöenergian hyödyntämiseksi |
FI127304B (fi) * | 2011-02-03 | 2018-03-15 | Stora Enso Oyj | Menetelmä puhdistetun metanolin valmistamiseksi sulfaattisellukeiton lauhteesta |
ES2641640T3 (es) | 2011-02-08 | 2017-11-10 | Neste Oyj | Método de lavado de gas en dos etapas |
FI123086B (fi) * | 2011-02-28 | 2012-10-31 | Aalto Korkeakoulusaeaetioe | Menetelmä kemikaalien talteenottamiseksi |
CA2828806C (en) * | 2011-03-17 | 2014-04-22 | Nexterra Systems Corp. | Direct-fired systems and methods |
US8900443B2 (en) | 2011-04-07 | 2014-12-02 | Uop Llc | Method for multi-staged hydroprocessing using quench liquid |
SE535947C2 (sv) * | 2011-04-26 | 2013-03-05 | Chemrec Ab | Förgasning av alkaliinnehållande energirika vattenhaltiga lösningar från massabruk |
ES2785988T3 (es) * | 2011-05-30 | 2020-10-08 | Neste Oyj | Procedimiento de producción de una composición de hidrocarburo |
WO2012175796A1 (en) * | 2011-06-23 | 2012-12-27 | Upm-Kymmene Corporation | Integrated biorefinery plant for the production of biofuel |
EP2540663B1 (en) | 2011-06-30 | 2019-07-31 | Neste Oyj | Method for adjusting hydrogen to carbon monoxide ratio in synthesis gas |
EP2561916A1 (en) * | 2011-08-24 | 2013-02-27 | Neste Oil Oyj | Method for naphthalene removal |
ES2666417T3 (es) | 2011-08-31 | 2018-05-04 | Neste Oyj | Método de lavado de gas en dos etapas aplicando precipitación de sulfuro y absorción alcalina |
US8546629B2 (en) * | 2011-09-23 | 2013-10-01 | Uop Llc | Methods for co-production of alkylbenzene and biofuel from natural oils |
US9163180B2 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2015-10-20 | IFP Energies Nouvelles | Process for the conversion of carbon-based material by a hybrid route combining direct liquefaction and indirect liquefaction in the presence of hydrogen resulting from non-fossil resources |
CN102703107B (zh) * | 2012-06-26 | 2015-04-01 | 武汉凯迪工程技术研究总院有限公司 | 一种由生物质生产的合成气制造液态烃产品的方法 |
US9533899B2 (en) | 2013-03-12 | 2017-01-03 | General Electric Company | Gasification waste water treatment using air separation unit oxygen |
SI24343A (sl) * | 2013-04-03 | 2014-10-30 | Univerza V Ljubljani | Procedura za odstranjevanje cianida iz onesnaĹľenih vod in produkcija bioplina iz cianida |
CN105358231A (zh) * | 2013-08-08 | 2016-02-24 | 巴布科克和威尔科克斯能量产生集团公司 | 降低汞控制所需的卤素含量的系统和方法 |
CA2926589C (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2022-08-02 | Invico Metanol Ab | Process for removal of sulphur from raw methanol |
CN105084506B (zh) * | 2014-05-14 | 2017-10-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 湿式氧化降低废水中cod的方法 |
CN105084505B (zh) * | 2014-05-14 | 2017-10-27 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 多相湿式氧化处理工业废水的方法 |
CN104150578B (zh) * | 2014-07-10 | 2016-01-13 | 唐国民 | 臭氧催化氧化水处理装置 |
JP6404024B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-30 | 2018-10-10 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 化学品製造装置及び化学品製造方法 |
WO2016036698A1 (en) * | 2014-09-01 | 2016-03-10 | Rachid Taha | Hydrotreatment catalyst regeneration |
CN104449846A (zh) * | 2014-12-09 | 2015-03-25 | 贵州开阳化工有限公司 | 煤粉的制备及输送方法及装置 |
RU2605714C1 (ru) * | 2015-06-26 | 2016-12-27 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Воронежский государственный университет инженерных технологий" (ФГБОУ ВО "ВГУИТ"). | Способ получения загрузки биофильтра с иммобилизационными свойствами |
WO2017180880A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Northwestern University | Efficient catalytic greenhouse gas-free hydrogen and aldehyde formation from alcohols |
US10260005B2 (en) | 2016-08-05 | 2019-04-16 | Greyrock Technology LLC | Catalysts, related methods and reaction products |
DE202016006700U1 (de) * | 2016-11-01 | 2017-04-26 | Kolja Kuse | Carbonfaser |
RU2658404C1 (ru) * | 2016-12-23 | 2018-06-21 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Федеральный научный агроинженерный центр ВИМ (ФГБНУ ФНАЦ ВИМ) | Способ очистки сточных вод от растворенных органических загрязнений |
SE1850706A1 (en) * | 2018-06-11 | 2019-12-12 | Valmet Oy | A method and a system for obtaining methanol from foul condensate of a pulping process |
SE542659C2 (en) * | 2018-07-10 | 2020-06-23 | Stora Enso Oyj | Method for desulfurization of methanol |
EP3863962B1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2023-10-04 | UPM-Kymmene Corporation | Process for the production of hydrogen |
WO2020074095A1 (en) * | 2018-10-12 | 2020-04-16 | Upm-Kymmene Corporation | Process for the production of hydrogen |
CN110357366B (zh) * | 2019-08-13 | 2022-02-11 | 南京工业大学 | 一种费托合成废水生化处理方法 |
CN110486989B (zh) * | 2019-08-27 | 2021-02-02 | 安徽省智慧产业研究院股份有限公司 | 一种生物质气化炉冷电联产系统 |
KR102425227B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-22 | 2022-07-26 | 한국화학연구원 | 바이오오일 부산물로부터 합성가스를 제조하는 방법 및 제조장치 |
CN112480971B (zh) * | 2020-10-28 | 2022-10-11 | 中石化宁波工程有限公司 | 一种掺烧高浓度有机废液的粉煤气化工艺的控制方法 |
CN115385300A (zh) * | 2022-07-04 | 2022-11-25 | 西北农林科技大学 | 一种自农林废弃物生产氨的工艺 |
Family Cites Families (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5344184B2 (zh) | 1974-10-16 | 1978-11-27 | ||
FI52710C (fi) * | 1976-04-22 | 1977-11-10 | Kemi Oy | Menetelmä sulfaattiprosessin lauhteista erotetun metanolin puhdistamis eksi. |
US4188260A (en) * | 1977-05-05 | 1980-02-12 | Erco Envirotech Ltd. | Low effluent pulp mill, bleach plant operation |
US4222855A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1980-09-16 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Production of high viscosity index lubricating oil stock |
US4229282A (en) * | 1979-04-27 | 1980-10-21 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Catalytic dewaxing of hydrocarbon oils |
US4247388A (en) * | 1979-06-27 | 1981-01-27 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Hydrodewaxing catalyst performance |
US4592762A (en) * | 1981-10-22 | 1986-06-03 | Institute Of Gas Technology | Process for gasification of cellulosic biomass |
US4648956A (en) | 1984-12-31 | 1987-03-10 | North American Philips Corporation | Electrode configurations for an electrophoretic display device |
US4906671A (en) * | 1985-08-29 | 1990-03-06 | Mobil Oil Corporation | Fischer-tropsch process |
GB8702199D0 (en) | 1987-01-31 | 1987-03-04 | Man Oil Ltd | Liquefaction of cellulose |
US4968325A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1990-11-06 | Centre Quebecois De Valorisation De La Biomasse | Fluidized bed gasifier |
US4992325A (en) * | 1987-12-15 | 1991-02-12 | The Dexter Corporation | Inorganic whisker containing impact enhanced prepregs and formulations formulations |
US4992605A (en) * | 1988-02-16 | 1991-02-12 | Craig Wayne K | Production of hydrocarbons with a relatively high cetane rating |
FR2631949B1 (fr) * | 1988-05-27 | 1990-09-14 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de production d'hydrogene de haute purete par reformage catalytique du methanol |
US5450892A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1995-09-19 | Alliedsignal Inc. | Alkaline scrubber for condensate stripper off-gases |
DK171701B1 (da) * | 1993-07-06 | 1997-04-01 | Topsoe Haldor As | Fremgangsmåde til genvinding af brugt syrekatalysator fra alkylering af carbonhydrider |
RU2101273C1 (ru) * | 1994-04-27 | 1998-01-10 | Коваленко Владимир Васильевич | Способ выделения метанола из смесей с углеводородами с4 или с5 |
CA2149685C (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1999-09-14 | Jacques Monnier | Conversion of depitched tall oil to diesel fuel additive |
SE503351C2 (sv) * | 1994-09-06 | 1996-05-28 | Ahlstroem Oy | Förfarande för rening av sekundära kondensat vid indunstning av avlutar |
US5833837A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-11-10 | Chevron U.S.A. Inc. | Process for dewaxing heavy and light fractions of lube base oil with zeolite and sapo containing catalysts |
US6090312A (en) * | 1996-01-31 | 2000-07-18 | Ziaka; Zoe D. | Reactor-membrane permeator process for hydrocarbon reforming and water gas-shift reactions |
FI100248B (fi) | 1996-02-05 | 1997-10-31 | Fortum Oil Oy | Keskitisleen valmistus |
US5718810A (en) * | 1996-03-19 | 1998-02-17 | The Dow Chemical Company | Methanol recovery using extractive distillation |
US20020007595A1 (en) * | 1997-06-24 | 2002-01-24 | Uli Maier-Roeltgen | Method for reforming hydrocarbons autothermally |
BR0013342B1 (pt) * | 1999-08-17 | 2011-05-03 | reator quìmico, processo para conduzir uma reação quìmica catalìtica em um reator com pelo menos um reagente em fase gasosa. | |
US6533945B2 (en) | 2000-04-28 | 2003-03-18 | Texaco Inc. | Fischer-Tropsch wastewater utilization |
US20020045010A1 (en) | 2000-06-14 | 2002-04-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Coating compositions for modifying hard surfaces |
DE10049377C2 (de) | 2000-10-05 | 2002-10-31 | Evk Dr Oberlaender Gmbh & Co K | Katalytische Erzeugung von Dieselöl und Benzinen aus kohlenwasserstoffhaltigen Abfällen und Ölen |
RU2189968C1 (ru) * | 2001-01-23 | 2002-09-27 | Открытое акционерное общество "Акрон" | Способ получения метанола |
CN1151955C (zh) | 2001-03-07 | 2004-06-02 | 中国科学院山西煤炭化学研究所 | 一种甲醇裂解制氢的方法 |
JP4259777B2 (ja) | 2001-07-31 | 2009-04-30 | 井上 斉 | バイオマスのガス化方法 |
US6656387B2 (en) * | 2001-09-10 | 2003-12-02 | Texaco Inc. | Ammonia injection for minimizing waste water treatment |
US6924399B2 (en) * | 2001-12-28 | 2005-08-02 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Method of manufacturing dimethyl ether |
NL1023692C2 (nl) * | 2002-06-18 | 2004-02-18 | Sasol Tech Pty Ltd | Werkwijze voor het zuiveren van Fischer-Tropsch-afkomstig water. |
US7232935B2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2007-06-19 | Fortum Oyj | Process for producing a hydrocarbon component of biological origin |
US7279018B2 (en) * | 2002-09-06 | 2007-10-09 | Fortum Oyj | Fuel composition for a diesel engine |
DE60336444D1 (de) * | 2002-09-26 | 2011-05-05 | Haldor Topsoe As | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegas |
US20040102315A1 (en) * | 2002-11-27 | 2004-05-27 | Bailie Jillian Elaine | Reforming catalyst |
DE10346892B4 (de) * | 2002-12-23 | 2007-03-01 | Bernd Rüdiger Kipper | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Aufbereitung von organische Bestandteile enthaltenden festen und flüssigen Abfallgemischen |
WO2005018034A1 (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-02-24 | Hydrogenics Corporation | Method and system for distributing hydrogen |
WO2006006479A1 (ja) * | 2004-07-12 | 2006-01-19 | Sumitomo Seika Chemicals Co., Ltd. | 水素製造システムおよび改質装置 |
CA2610876A1 (en) | 2005-06-09 | 2006-12-14 | Lignosol Gmbh & Co. Kg | Method for the production of fuels from biogenous raw materials as well as an installation for carrying out said method and catalyst compositions suitable for said method |
US7754931B2 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2010-07-13 | Her Majesty The Queen In Right Of Canada As Represented By The Minister Of Natural Resources | Production of high-cetane diesel fuel from low-quality biomass-derived feedstocks |
US20070209966A1 (en) * | 2006-03-07 | 2007-09-13 | Syntroleum Corporation | Catalytic distillation process for hydroprocessing Fischer-Tropsch liquids |
MY150300A (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2013-12-31 | Wisconsin Alumni Res Found | Method for producing bio-fuel that integrates heat from carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions to drive biomass gasification reactions |
FI20085400A0 (fi) | 2007-11-09 | 2008-04-30 | Upm Kymmene Oyj | Menetelmä jäteveden integroidulle käsittelylle |
-
2008
- 2008-04-30 FI FI20085400A patent/FI20085400A0/fi unknown
- 2008-07-04 FI FI20085697A patent/FI20085697A0/fi unknown
- 2008-07-18 US US12/742,229 patent/US8591737B2/en active Active
- 2008-07-18 CA CA2705064A patent/CA2705064C/en active Active
- 2008-07-18 WO PCT/EP2008/059439 patent/WO2009059819A1/en active Application Filing
- 2008-07-18 BR BRPI0819176 patent/BRPI0819176A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-07-18 EP EP08775215.0A patent/EP2238084B1/en active Active
- 2008-07-18 CN CN2008801155093A patent/CN101939264B/zh active Active
- 2008-07-18 RU RU2010119341/04A patent/RU2480425C2/ru active
- 2008-10-29 BR BRPI0819109A patent/BRPI0819109A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2008-10-29 US US12/742,213 patent/US20100317905A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2008-10-29 CN CN2008801239991A patent/CN101918305A/zh active Pending
- 2008-10-29 CA CA2704999A patent/CA2704999C/en active Active
- 2008-10-29 EP EP08847584.3A patent/EP2229339B2/en active Active
- 2008-10-29 WO PCT/EP2008/064675 patent/WO2009059920A2/en active Application Filing
- 2008-10-29 RU RU2010119343/05A patent/RU2489348C2/ru active
-
2015
- 2015-12-09 US US14/963,991 patent/US10407304B2/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
Keri Cantrell et al.Role of Thermochemical Conversion in Livestock Waste-to-Energy Treatments:Obstacles and Opportunities.《Ind.Eng.Chem.Res》.2007,第46卷(第26期), * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FI20085400A0 (fi) | 2008-04-30 |
CN101939264A (zh) | 2011-01-05 |
BRPI0819176A2 (pt) | 2015-05-05 |
RU2010119341A (ru) | 2011-12-20 |
BRPI0819109A2 (pt) | 2019-09-24 |
EP2229339B2 (en) | 2021-09-01 |
EP2229339A2 (en) | 2010-09-22 |
US20100317905A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
CA2705064A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
US20100317749A1 (en) | 2010-12-16 |
CA2705064C (en) | 2016-09-06 |
FI20085697A0 (fi) | 2008-07-04 |
US20160083252A1 (en) | 2016-03-24 |
EP2238084B1 (en) | 2014-12-24 |
CA2704999A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
EP2229339B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 |
US10407304B2 (en) | 2019-09-10 |
WO2009059920A2 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
WO2009059819A1 (en) | 2009-05-14 |
CA2704999C (en) | 2015-12-29 |
CN101918305A (zh) | 2010-12-15 |
WO2009059920A3 (en) | 2009-11-05 |
RU2480425C2 (ru) | 2013-04-27 |
US8591737B2 (en) | 2013-11-26 |
EP2238084A1 (en) | 2010-10-13 |
RU2489348C2 (ru) | 2013-08-10 |
RU2010119343A (ru) | 2011-12-20 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN101939264B (zh) | 包括合成气生产和整体化工厂设施的生物质液化工艺的废水处理 | |
Gopal et al. | Paper industry wastes and energy generation from wastes | |
EP3161110B1 (en) | Energy efficient gasification based multi generation apparatus employing advanced process schemes | |
KR101424941B1 (ko) | 탄소질 공급원료의 히드로메탄화 | |
AU2010201534B2 (en) | Method and apparatus for substitute natural gas generation | |
CA2429131C (en) | A process for production of synthesis gas in combination with the maintenance of the energy balance for a pulp mill | |
JP2021119251A (ja) | 再生可能な有機原料に由来する高い生物起源含量を有する燃料及び燃料添加剤 | |
Ekbom et al. | Technical and commercial feasibility study of black liquor gasification with methanol/DME production as motor fuels for automotive uses-BLGMF | |
US20080098654A1 (en) | Synthetic fuel production methods and apparatuses | |
EP2350233B1 (en) | Method and apparatus for producing liquid biofuel from solid biomass | |
US20080103220A1 (en) | Synthetic fuel production using coal and nuclear energy | |
KR20130080471A (ko) | 탄소질 공급원료의 히드로메탄화 | |
US20100132633A1 (en) | Biomass gasification reactor | |
WO2018115593A1 (en) | Hydrothermal conversion of biomass | |
US20230110311A1 (en) | Feedstock Processing Systems And Methods For Producing Fischer-Tropsch Liquids And Transportation Fuels | |
US11525097B2 (en) | Feedstock processing systems and methods for producing fischer-tropsch liquids and transportation fuels | |
CN115516066A (zh) | 方法和设备 | |
WO2000035588B1 (en) | Method and production plant for the manufacture of fibrous material | |
Sonsale et al. | Renewable & alternative energy sources for strategic energy management in recycled paper & pulp industry | |
CN107557075A (zh) | 生物质间接液化制合成油工艺及其系统 | |
Pinatti et al. | Biomass refinery as a renewable complement to the petroleum refinery | |
Ponsa et al. | Recovering energy from sludge | |
Pandey et al. | Syngas production via biomass gasification | |
Zwart et al. | Bio‐based Fischer–Tropsch Diesel Production Technologies | |
Clark et al. | Novel Design of an Integrated Pulp mill Biorefinery for the production of Biofuels for Transportation |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant |