CN101920017B - 用于促进甘草次酸经皮渗透的组合物 - Google Patents
用于促进甘草次酸经皮渗透的组合物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用于促进甘草次酸经皮渗透的组合物,属于医药领域。其特征在于该组合物由甘草次酸、有机碱、脂肪酸酯和醇按如下组成,重量百分比计为甘草次酸0.5%~10%、有机碱0.5%~5%、脂肪酸酯35%~94%和醇5%~50%;其中有机碱为二乙胺、三乙胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的一种或两种以上的混合物,脂肪酸酯为C3~C18脂肪酸酯中的一种或两种以上混合物,醇为C2~C12脂肪醇中的一种或两种以上混合物。本发明显著提高甘草次酸经皮渗透速率,使甘草次酸小鼠皮肤渗透速率提高近240倍,该组合物可用于制备甘草次酸皮肤/经皮给药各种制剂。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于医药领域,具体涉及一种用于促进甘草次酸经皮渗透的组合物。
背景技术
甘草次酸是甘草的主要活性成分,口服经酶水解后,甘草酸变为活性糖苷配基甘草次酸发挥作用(Wang Z,Kurosaki Y,Nakayama T.Mechanism of gastrointestinal absorption of glycyrrhizinin rats[J].Biol Pharm Bull,1994,17(10):1399-1403),具有免疫调节、抗炎、抗病毒、抗肿瘤等药理作用,临床上还可以用于治疗慢性肝炎(Pompei R,Flore O,Antonietta M,et al.Glycyrrhizic acid inhibits virus growth and inactivates virus particles[J].Nature,1979,281(5733):689-690.Yi H,Nakashima I,Isobe K.Enhancement of nitric oxide production from activatedmacrophages by glycyrrhizin[J].Am J Chin Med,1996,24(3-4):271-278.Chung J G,Chang H L,Lin W C,et al.Inhibition of N-acetyltransferase activity and DNA-2-aminofluorene adducts byglycyrrhizic acid in human colon tumour cells[J].Food Chem Toxicol,2000,38(2-3):163-172.Raphael,T J,Kuttan G.Effect of naturally occurring triterpenoids glycyrrhizic acid,ursolic acid,oleanolic acid and nomilin on the immune system[J].Phytomedicine,2003,10(6-7):483-489.Cinatl J,Morgenstem B,Bauer G,et al.Glycyrrhizin,and active component of liquorice roots,andreplication of SARS-associated coronavirus[J].Lancet,2003,361(9374):2045-2046.Coon J T,Ernst E.Complementary and alternative therapies in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C:asystematic review[J].J Hepatol,2004,40(3):491-500)。由于口服给药甘草酸有严重的副作用,例如血压升高、胃肠道刺激和伪醛固酮症等,严重限制了甘草酸的临床使用(Wash L K,Bernard J D.Licorice-induced pseudoaldosteronism[J].Am J Hos Pharm,1975,32(1):73-74.Ploeger B A,Meulenbelt J,DeJongh J.Physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling ofGlycyrrhizic acid,a compound subject to presystemic metabolism and enterohepatic cycling[J].Toxicol Appl Pharmacol,2000,162(3):177-188)。经皮给药系统避免了肝脏的首过效应和胃肠的刺激,而且更安全更便捷,患者顺应性更好,对甘草酸是一种有吸引力的给药途径。甘草酸的分子量为822.92,尽管甘草酸经水解脱掉了两个葡萄糖醛酸成为甘草次酸,分子量变为470.69,但它的经皮渗透性仍然很差,研究结果表明,甘草次酸小鼠皮肤12小时累计渗透量仅为10μg/cm2(严新安等甘草次酸表观油水分配系数及其经皮渗透性的相关性研究第五届外用制剂国际年会论文集p157-1632009年上海),无法满足治疗剂量要求。通常药物的logP在2-3之间容易透过皮肤(丁平田,刘军田,郑俊民.用油/水分配系数预测药物的经皮渗透性[J].中国医药工业杂志,1998,29(4):186-190),而甘草次酸的油水分配系数logP=6.574。甘草次酸是弱酸性化合物,具有一个羧基。有文献报道相反的离子可以通过掩蔽其极性基团而改变弱酸性或弱碱性化合物的脂溶性增加透过(Fang L,Numajiri S,Kobayashi D.The use ofcomplexation with alkanolamines to facilitate skin permeation of mefenamic acid[J].Int J Pharm,2003,262(1-2):13-22.Wang M Y,Yang Y Y,Heng P W S.Skin permeation of physostigminefrom fatty acids-based formulations:evaluating the choice of solvent[J].Int J Pharm,2005,290(1-2):25-36)。因此本发明通过对弱酸性的甘草次酸配以有机碱在非水环境下形成离子对增加甘草次酸的经皮渗透性能。
甘草次酸的化学结构式
发明内容
本发明提供一种甘草次酸经皮传递的组合物,该组合物采用非水溶剂系统和有机碱,可以提高甘草次酸的溶解度并降低其脂溶性,使其更容易通过角质层并快速向活性皮肤分配,进而增大累积透过量。
甘草次酸溶解在脂肪酸酯(如肉豆蔻酸异丙酯,IPM)中可以提高甘草次酸的经皮渗透,由于甘草次酸在与皮肤具有良好相容性的脂肪酸酯中的溶解度比较低,考虑在脂肪酸酯中加入一定比例的醇(如乙醇、丁醇、辛醇和十二醇等)增加甘草次酸的溶解度,因此有机溶剂组合选用了脂肪酸酯与醇的组合。采用这种溶剂组合确实进一步提高了甘草次酸的经皮渗透性,与对照组(生理盐水)相比,不同配比组合的体外小鼠经皮渗透试验,24小时累积透过量平均增加了30倍左右,这表明了提高甘草次酸在组合溶剂中的溶解度可使透过量有所增加。然而,加入醇溶剂并没有使P值(皮肤渗透系数)产生明显变化,显示了不同种类的醇的加入对角质层影响较小,无法有效改变甘草次酸在皮肤中的渗透性。
一般认为,logP=2-3的药物比较容易渗透进入皮肤。角质层主要由角质细胞组成,细胞间隙含有甾醇、脂肪酸、各种脂质等成分,整体为疏水性,而活性表皮为水性组织,密度和导电性仅比纯水略大,分子在其中的扩散性良好。
本发明以通常采用体外透24h累积透过量对组合物组方进行优化,提高药物的经皮渗透速率。测定方法:采用的体外透皮吸收装置为横式扩散池,有效扩散面积为0.627cm2,所使用皮肤为去毛小鼠皮肤,实验过程中将贴片贴于皮肤的角质层一侧,真皮层一侧则朝向接受池,接收池体积为5.0ml,透过过程中进行持续磁力搅拌,搅拌速度为600~800rpm,使用外周循环水浴维持接收池的温度为37℃。
甘草次酸的logP值为6.574,表明甘草次酸脂溶性过大,即使其易于通过角质层,也难于分配进入活性皮肤。因此在有机溶剂组合中加入有机碱,使甘草次酸与有机碱在有机溶剂中形成离子对,甘草次酸的溶解度没有明显变化,然而,当甘草次酸形成的离子对进入活性表皮的水性环境中后迅速解离并扩散。与未加有机碱的对照组相比,甘草次酸24小时经皮累积透过量提高了10~15倍。采用有机碱、脂肪酸酯和醇组合系统可以显著提升甘草次酸经皮渗透性,使甘草次酸小鼠皮肤渗透速率提高近240倍。
本发明的技术方案如下:
该组合物包括甘草次酸、有机碱、脂肪酸酯和醇;其重量百分比为甘草次酸0.5%~10%、有机碱0.5%~10%、脂肪酸酯35%~94%、醇5%~50%。
所述的有机碱为二乙胺、三乙胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的一种或两种以上的混合物;
所述的脂肪酸酯为C3~C18脂肪酸酯中的一种或两种以上混合物;
所述的醇为C2~C12脂肪醇中的一种或两种以上混合物。
该组合物也可以由甘草次酸、有机碱、脂肪酸酯和醇按如下重量百分比组成:
甘草次酸5%,有机碱2%,脂肪酸酯53%,醇40%。
本发明的有益效果是针对甘草次酸在皮肤(角质层)中溶解度低和经皮渗透性差的问题,采用有机碱和有机溶剂组合用于甘草次酸的经皮渗透促进,该组合物可明显改善甘草次酸在皮肤中的溶解性,显著提高甘草次酸经皮渗透速率,使甘草次酸小鼠皮肤渗透速率提高近240倍,该组合物可用于制备甘草次酸皮肤/经皮给药各种制剂。
具体实施实施方式
下列为结合技术方案详细叙述本发明的具体实施例。
对照例
在脂肪酸酯系统中甘草次酸的溶解度比较低,因此设定甘草次酸浓度为0.1%。
甘草次酸 0.1%
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 99.9%
本发明提供的甘草次酸经皮传递组合物的处方优选为:
a)甘草次酸 0.5%
三乙醇胺 0.5%
乙醇 5%
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 94%
b)甘草次酸 0.5%
二乙醇胺 0.5%
丁醇 10%
庚酸乙酯 89%
c)甘草次酸 5%
三乙醇胺 2%
辛醇 40%
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 53%
d)甘草次酸 1%
三乙醇胺 1%
月桂醇 15%
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 83%
e)甘草次酸 10%
二乙胺 5%
乙醇 50%
棕榈酸异丙酯 35%
f)甘草次酸 0.8%
三乙胺 4%
丁醇 10%
丙酸乙酯 85.2%
g)甘草次酸 3%
二乙胺 1%
乙醇 10%
辛醇 20%
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 66%
h)甘草次酸 1%
三乙胺 0.5%
乙醇 10%
肉豆蔻酸异丙酯 60.5%
单油酸甘油酯 28%
以上实施例的24小时体外经小鼠皮肤的累计透过量结果见下表。
Claims (2)
1.一种用于促进甘草次酸经皮渗透的组合物,其特征在于该组合物由甘草次酸、有机碱、脂肪酸酯和醇组成,按照重量百分比如下:
甘草次酸0.5%~10%;
有机碱0.5%~5%;
脂肪酸酯35%~94%;
醇5%~50%;
所述的有机碱为二乙胺、三乙胺、二乙醇胺和三乙醇胺中的一种或两种以上的混合物;
所述的脂肪酸酯为C3~C18脂肪酸酯中的一种或两种以上混合物;
所述的醇为C2~C12脂肪醇中的一种或两种以上混合物。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种用于促进甘草次酸经皮渗透的组合物,其特征还在于,该组合物由甘草次酸、有机碱、脂肪酸酯和醇按如下重量百分比组成:
甘草次酸5%,有机碱2%,脂肪酸酯53%,醇40%。
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