Promote the probiotics of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus recycle
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of microbial preparation, relate in particular to a kind of probiotics that can promote the recycle of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus and preparation method thereof, also relate to the application of this microbial preparation in aquaculture.
Background technology
Current aquaculture high-density is put in a suitable place to breed, and high feeding rate causes the aquaculture water sh; Culture the organic excessively accumulation of bed mud, nitrogenous, phosphorus substance deposits in a large number, and objectionable impurities accumulates in a large number; Pathogenic micro-organism and parasite grow in a large number; Bring great hidden danger and threat for the health of culturing object, cause breeding environment badly to increasingly sharpen, disease frequently takes place.Wherein nitrogenous substances is mainly derived from feed and ight soil; Phosphorus containg substances is mainly derived from feed and fertilizer (like superphosphate of lime etc.), reaches as high as more than 90%.Correlative study is the result show, the bait of throwing in the feeding process, fertilizer account for 49.7%~54.5% and 47.5%~50.1% of the total input of nitrogen respectively, accounts for 30.0%~34.7% and 65.1%~69.9% of the total input of phosphorus.And the bed mud deposition is the principal mode of nitrogen in the pond culture system, phosphorus output; The ratio of its work output in general output accounted for more than 50%; It is thus clear that; Bed mud is that great majority add the nitrogen in the aquaculture pond, the final admittance person of phosphorus to, and the nitrogen of high loading, phosphorus also become the available valuable source of aquaculture in the bed mud.Bed mud also is a pollution sink, and high-pollution load must grow various pathogenic bacterias and parasite, becomes the sick pest bed of explosive fishes and shrimps.The reparation of the bed mud ecosystem and how to accelerate the circulation of bed mud available nitrogen, phosphorus and discharge become that healthy ecology is the most popular in culturing, one of the research topic of most critical.
The focus of correlative study at present all is that the mode that concentrates on chemistry discharges the deposition nitrogen phosphorus in the bed mud, yet the main drawback of chemical mode is the cost height, and the time length is short, and release efficiency is low, does not have actual application value basically.Through replenishing indigenous high-activity microorganism crowd, repair bed mud top layer micro-ecological environment, liberating nitrogen phosphorus to reach, improve the bed mud microenvironment, thereby the research that improves aquaculture water primary productivity, increase planktonic organism amount aspect does not appear in the newspapers.
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of substrate sludge nitrogen, phosphorus circulation and probiotics that discharges of promoting; Utilizing nitrogen with difficulty in the conversion bed mud is available nitrogen; Insoluble phosphorus is a titanium pigment; With the effective recycle (promptly transforming and release) that realizes the nitrogen phosphoric, create the good ecotope of aquatic animal to grow on the one hand, reach the purpose of aquatic products healthy aquaculture; Reduce the input of fertilizer on the other hand, reach full utilization of culture resources, reduce the production use cost.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
A kind of probiotics that promotes the recycle of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus is prepared by following method:
Adopt solid in situ mixed fermentation mode can promote the mikrobe of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus recycle, the ratio of used fermented substrate is: wheat bran 30-40 part, bacterium chaff 60-70 part, inorganic salt 0.5-2 part.Adopt wheat bran and these two kinds of fermented products of bacterium chaff to be because its cost is low; And obtain easily, and by the fermentation of carbon nitrogen source nutrition-allocated proportion after this mixed and the suitable target microorganism of matrix sedimentation, especially preferred proportioning is 30 parts in a wheat bran; 70 parts of bacterium chaffs, 1.5 parts in inorganic salt.
Wherein, said inorganic salt are sodium-chlor, calcium chloride etc.
Obtain promoting efficiently the microbial strains of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus efficiency recycle through screening, what promote that nitrogen discharges be Bacillus licheniformis, and promotion phosphorus round-robin is a bacillus megaterium.
Through Study on Fermentation, obtain promoting the high density mixed combined fermentation technology of mikrobe of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus recycle, its fermentation condition is that postvaccinal matrix is fermented controlled temperature 28-35 ℃ flexible sealing in the pore mesh bag.
Preferably, probiotics of the present invention obtains utilizing storing through granulating process, uses the granule that is easier to bring into play effect conveniently and after using.Said granule comprises the composition of following components by weight percent:
Said probiotics 5-15 part, kaolin 40-80 part, potassium permanganate 5-10 part, iron trichloride 5-10 part, calcium superoxide 10-20 part.10 parts of preferred probioticses, 50 parts of kaolin, 10 parts in potassium permanganate, 10 parts of iron trichlorides, 20 parts of calcium superoxides.
The preparation method of said granule is: take by weighing behind each raw material and the said probiotics mixing granulation that ferments according to said ratio, be used to promote circulation of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus and bed mud organic matter degradation.Wherein said mixing granulation is to adopt prior art, with the extrusion bonded back cutting of moisture 18~20% matrix granulating.
The present invention also provides the application method of said microbial preparation in aquaculture, is that every mu of each throwing is executed microbial preparation 50 grams according to the invention, and use 30-40 the whole year, uses the 1.5-2.0 kilogram.
The present invention is directed to rich water and quality problem in the present aquaculture process; Introduce first and discharge substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus with the viewpoint of instead of part chemical fertilizer with minimizing fertilizer application frequency and quantity; Screening obtains promoting the probiotics of substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus circulation (release), realizes innoxious, the resource utilization of bed mud; Modern original position solid mixed fermentation technology is adopted in probiotics production of the present invention, and effectively viable bacteria content embodies very high creativeness and pioneering up to 1,000 hundred million/gram, and production cost is reduced greatly.Below be that microbial preparation of the present invention is prepared into behind the granule product comparison with prior art products:
Project |
Similar technology and product |
Technology of the present invention and product |
Formulation |
Pulvis |
Granule |
Main raw material(s) |
Industrial chemicals |
Farm crop tangerine bar and small amounts of inorganic salt |
The mode of production |
Chemosynthesis |
The solid culture crushed after being dried is added auxiliary material and is processed granule. |
Production cost |
High |
Low |
Product function |
Through dissolving bed mud deposition nitrogen, phosphorus, replenish water nutrition or control bed mud fermentation using bacteria, alleviate water quality deterioration. |
Through promoting substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus round-robin microbiological degradation to discharge substrate sludge nitrogen phosphorus nutrient.The prevention water quality deterioration from the source. |
Quality |
The Chemicals standard |
Effective viable bacteria content 10,000,000,000/gram; Stable, the gemma rate is more than 90% |
Use cost |
10-15 unit/mu |
4-6 unit/mu |
Effect |
Generally |
Good |
Use this complex microorganism preparations, can make the available nitrogen burst size account for the 20-30% of bed mud total nitrogen, the available phosphorus burst size accounts for bed mud total phosphorus 30-50%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the preparation flow figure of probiotics of the present invention.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is described further, it should be understood that these embodiment only are used for the purpose of illustration, never limit protection scope of the present invention.Those skilled in the art is understood, and in spirit that claim of the present invention limited and scope, can carry out many changes to it, revise, in addition equivalent, but all will fall in protection scope of the present invention.
The preparation of embodiment 1 probiotics
Wheat bran is skin remaining behind the wheat processing flour of directly buying; The bacterium chaff is pulverized and is got for cultivating matrix behind the edible mushrooms; Bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megaterium are purchased in Chinese industrial microbial strains preservation administrative center; The Bacillus licheniformis numbering: CICC 20227, and the bacillus megaterium numbering: CICC 20611.
Adopt the mode of solid in situ mixed fermentation:
The ratio of used fermented substrate is: 30 parts in wheat bran, 70 parts of bacterium chaffs, 1.5 parts in sodium-chlor; Earlier with fermented substrate and inorganic salt thorough mixing; 115 ℃ of following moist heat sterilizations 30 minutes; Bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megaterium are inoculated by every kilogram of matrix 10-20ml bacterium liquid in the cooling back, the girth 35cm that packs into behind the thorough mixing, and flexible the sealing in the pore mesh bag of long 40cm fermented; Controlled temperature 28-35 ℃, fermented 48 hours.
Embodiment 2
The material therefor source is with embodiment 1.The ratio of used fermented substrate is: 40 parts in wheat bran, 70 parts of bacterium chaffs, 2 parts in calcium chloride; Earlier with fermented substrate and inorganic salt thorough mixing; 115 ℃ of following moist heat sterilizations 30 minutes; Bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megaterium are inoculated by every kilogram of matrix 10-20ml bacterium liquid in the cooling back, the girth 35cm that packs into behind the thorough mixing, and flexible the sealing in the pore mesh bag of long 40cm fermented; Controlled temperature 28-35 ℃, fermented 48 hours.
Embodiment 3
The material therefor source is with embodiment 1.The ratio of used fermented substrate is: 40 parts in wheat bran, 60 parts of bacterium chaffs, 0.5 part in sodium-chlor; Earlier with fermented substrate and inorganic salt thorough mixing; 115 ℃ of following moist heat sterilizations 30 minutes; Bacillus licheniformis and bacillus megaterium are inoculated by every kilogram of matrix 10-20ml bacterium liquid in the cooling back, the girth 35cm that packs into behind the thorough mixing, and flexible the sealing in the pore mesh bag of long 40cm fermented; Controlled temperature 28-35 ℃, fermented 48 hours.
The preparation of embodiment 4 granules
With 50 parts of kaolin, 10 parts in potassium permanganate, 10 parts of the probioticses that ferments in 10 parts of the iron trichlorides, 20 parts of calcium superoxides and embodiment 1 are with the extrusion bonded back cutting of moisture 19% matrix granulating.
Embodiment 5
With 40 parts of kaolin, 5 parts in potassium permanganate, 5 parts of the probioticses that ferments in 5 parts of the iron trichlorides, 10 parts of calcium superoxides and embodiment 2 are with the extrusion bonded back cutting of moisture 18% matrix granulating.
Embodiment 6
With 80 parts of kaolin, 10 parts in potassium permanganate, 15 parts of the probioticses that ferments in 10 parts of the iron trichlorides, 20 parts of calcium superoxides and embodiment 3 are with the extrusion bonded back cutting of moisture 20% matrix granulating.
Experimental example 1
This is tested, and Jiangxia District Bao Fu township plant of many Foucaults skill farm carried out in the Wuhan City in 2006 and the 5-10 month in 2007.Choose the breed pool of 2 parallel rankings, average area is 10 mu, and bed mud thickness is 8.5cm, and the depth of water keeps 1.5m, and aquaculture model is that raise together with in the pond, and stocking model is as shown in table 1.The 5Kg feed of throwing something and feeding every mu of every day, every mu of every month sky drops into 3 kilograms of monoammonium phosphates, 6 kilograms in urea.
Table 1 test pond mu stocking model
Experiment is provided with control group and experimental group.Bring into use the granule of embodiment 4 behind the experimental group mensuration initial value, added 1 time in per 10 days, last till that experiment finishes not change water in the experimentation, only additional evaporation and percolating water keep depth of water 1.5m.Equal bait throwing in every day of experimental session control group and test group 2 times, daily ration, feeding quantity is undertaken by the feed specified volume, and fertilising is by 7 days 1 time, and usage quantity is with reference to the fertilizer specification sheets.Total nitrogen, total phosphorus (seeing shown in table 2, the table 3) in the main mensuration of the experiment aquaculture water bed mud, method is with reference to the WQM standard.
Table 2 bed mud total nitrogen index unit: g/kg
Table 3 bed mud total phosphorus index unit: g/kg
When experiment finished, control group bed mud total nitrogen, total phosphorous had reached 1.080g/kg and 0.484g/kg, and experimental group is starkly lower than control group, significant difference.In experimental group; The nitrogen rate of release can reach 0.0016g/kg/d, and the phosphorus rate of release can reach 0.0011g/kg/d, by annual time of application 4-6 month; Can make the available nitrogen burst size account for the 20-30% of bed mud total nitrogen, the available phosphorus burst size accounts for bed mud total phosphorus 30-50%.