CN101898907B - Compound microbial preparation and application thereof in microbial degradation of crop straw - Google Patents
Compound microbial preparation and application thereof in microbial degradation of crop straw Download PDFInfo
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- CN101898907B CN101898907B CN201010146397.7A CN201010146397A CN101898907B CN 101898907 B CN101898907 B CN 101898907B CN 201010146397 A CN201010146397 A CN 201010146397A CN 101898907 B CN101898907 B CN 101898907B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a compound microbial preparation and an application thereof. The compound microbial preparation of the invention is prepared from cellulose decomposition bacteria and surfactants, wherein the cellulose decomposition bacteria belong to trichoderma. The compound microbial preparation is added into fresh straw to increase the degradation efficiency of the straw by degrading cellulose, lignin and hemicellulose in the straw, thereby shortening the degradation time of the straw, returning the straw into the field and restoring the degraded soil.
Description
The method field
The present invention relates to a kind of complex microorganism preparations, be specifically related to a kind of complex micro organism fungicide of being formed by cellulose-decomposing bacterium and surfactant, also relate to the application of this complex microorganism preparations in the microbial degradation of crop material.
Background method
Strengthen energy resources saving and ecological environmental protection, strengthen the capability of sustainable development, be related to the vital interests of the people and Chinese nation's survival and development.Along with countries in the world to the attention of the variation of global climate and the appearance of energy crisis, various countries unite discusses the dirty needs that reduce discharging of joint, stalk all has big prospect at aspects such as energy, fertilizerization, feedizations under this background.
Stalk is a kind of biomass energy resource, is the fourth-largest energy that is only second to coal, oil and natural gas in the world today, is unique reproducible energy.But China's stalk resource 45%～47% is as rural area fuel, and 15% burns with the form of burning the grass on waste land, and has only seldom a part to cross abdomen field or direct returning to farmland.Straw directly burns not only contaminated environment, and causes the wasting of resources.
Utilizing the microbial fermentation degrading straw is the good approach of fertilizerization, but straw directly returning to field, there are a lot of particular problems, low as the straw utilization rate, not perishable, influence following batch of sowing, easily emersion soil face wafts is etc. everywhere, also has report to show the easier mashed root of crop and the disease of causing of straw directly returning to field.It is to go back the field after crop material is piled rotten retting that stalk is gone back the field technology indirectly, comprises that the stalk heap is rotten, high temperature nuclear reactor is rotten, stalk becomes thoroughly decomposed, and forms such as corruption are piled in agent; Stalk is made base-material and is produced edible mushroom, again with the waste residue fertile also field in field and natural pond etc. also.
These technology exist various particular problems and deficiency equally, and for example technology is immature, and efficient is not high, and bacterial classification is ungood etc.Therefore, in order to repair the soil of degeneration, develop a circular economy, realize sustainable development, must a kind of efficient good microbial bacterial agent of development.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the problems of the prior art, the objective of the invention is to develop a kind of compound microbial bacterial agent, improve the degradation efficiency of stalk, promote straw-returning, to scheme to repair the soil of degenerating.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of compound microorganism formulation, is formulated by 1: 2～2: 1 volume ratio by cellulose-decomposing bacterium and surfactant.
Wherein, described cellulose-decomposing bacterium belongs to wood mould (Trichoderma sp.) and belongs to filamentous fungi, this bacterial strain on March 11st, 2010 in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's preservation, deposit number is CGMCC No.3662, prepare by the following method: stalk is rotted to approaching with soil or compost dipping, after with alcohol the stalk that approach to rot being carried out surface sterilizing, be cut into the long small fragment of 1～3cm, the straw small fragment changes in the flat board that 25mL 95% ethanol is housed with sterilization metal tweezers with partly becoming thoroughly decomposed, taking-up changes new sterilization plate inboard over to after soaking 90s, treat that surperficial alcohol dries that (5～10min) backs change PDA solid medium (potato glucose agar medium over to the metal tweezers of sterilizing, finished product 32-34g, agar powder 8-10g) in the plate, seal plate with plastic sheeting, plate is inverted cultivation 5～10d after putting cultivation 8d, at growth fungus colony edge picking fritter bacterium colony, change in the PDA solid medium plate and cultivate, if find growth assorted bacterium is arranged, the picking colony edge changes in the new plate that the PDA solid medium is housed and continues purifying, obtains cellulose-decomposing bacterium.
Wherein said PDA solid medium is: potato glucose agar medium, finished product 32-34g, agar powder 8-10g.
Described surfactant can adopt synthetic surfactant or biosurfactant.Described synthetic surfactant comprises softex kw, dodecyl sodium sulfate, PEG6000, neopelex, tween etc.Described biosurfactant refers to that as glycolipid, saccharose lipid, lipopeptid or neutral quasi-grease derivative etc., for example pseudomonas aeruginosa produces the glycolipid that contains rhamnose by the self-faced active material of microorganism, plant or animal generation.The effect that described surfactant plays is the utilizability that has improved stalk.
In the preferred embodiment of the invention, used biosurfactant is the amphiprotic substance with certain surface activity by microorganisms, be the compost of soil sample below the various stalks heap of long-term accumulation and cattle farm, under the low temperature condition of culture (5～10 ℃), through bacterium enrichment culture, blood plate line primary dcreening operation, the blue gel flat band method is sieved again and the pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) that obtains produces, and belongs to sophorolipid.Described pseudomonas aeruginosa strains on March 11st, 2010 in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's preservation, deposit number is CGMCC No.3661.
The preparation method of complex microorganism preparations of the present invention is to form by the proper proportion mixed preparing separating the cellulose-decomposing bacterium and the surfactant that obtain by described method.Described ratio is the volume ratio preparation by 1: 2～2: 1.
The present invention also provides the application of described complex microorganism preparations as straw degradative, is that complex micro organism fungicide is executed equably on the fresh straw surface, and the consumption of complex microorganism preparations is 4～5% of fresh straw weight.This complex microorganism preparations has increased the degradation efficiency of stalk, shortens the straw degradative time, thereby promotes stalk to go back the field fast, is beneficial to repair the soil of degeneration.
Complex microorganism preparations and in the microbial degradation of crop material be applied as stalk fast also the field a kind of pattern is provided, improved the transformation efficiency that agricultural wastes are produced fertilizer, be beneficial to the reparation of degenerated soil, increased soil fertility.Through experimental test, complex microorganism preparations of the present invention imposes on the bright stalk, do not compare with the stalk contrast with adding complex microorganism preparations, soil moisture content exceeds 15～20%, and soil bacteria quantity exceeds 2～3 times, the quantity of soil phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria improves 40～44%, the soil nitrification number of bacteria improves 3～4 times, and crop root length improves 25～30%, and stem of plant minister degree improves 30～34%, crop weight improves 32～37%, and seedling stage, ground biomass improved 45～55%.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 identifies figure for the infrared spectrum of the biosurfactant that the Psychrotrophs bacterial strain produces.
Cellulose-decomposing bacterium of the present invention belongs to wood mould (Trichoderma sp.) and belongs to filamentous fungi, this bacterial strain on March 11st, 2010 in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's preservation, deposit number is CGMCC No.3662.Described pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacterial strain on March 11st, 2010 in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's preservation, deposit number is CGMCC No.3661
The specific embodiment
Be described in further detail the present invention below.
The invention provides a kind of compound microorganism formulation, is formulated by 1: 2～2: 1 volume ratio by cellulose-decomposing bacterium and surfactant.
Wherein, described cellulose-decomposing bacterium belongs to the trichoderma filamentous fungi, this bacterial strain on March 11st, 2010 in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's preservation, deposit number is CGMCC No.3662, prepare by the following method: stalk is rotted to approaching with soil or compost dipping, after with alcohol the stalk that approach to rot being carried out surface sterilizing, be cut into the long small fragment of 1～3cm, the straw small fragment changes in the flat board that 25mL 95% ethanol is housed with sterilization metal tweezers with partly becoming thoroughly decomposed, taking-up changes new sterilization plate inboard over to after soaking 90s, treat that surperficial alcohol dries that (5～10min) backs change PDA solid medium (potato glucose agar medium over to the metal tweezers of sterilizing, finished product 32-34g, agar powder 8-10g) in the plate, seal plate with plastic sheeting, plate is inverted cultivation 5～10d after putting cultivation 8d, at growth fungus colony edge picking fritter bacterium colony, change in the PDA solid medium plate and cultivate, if find growth assorted bacterium is arranged, the picking colony edge changes in the new plate that the PDA solid medium is housed and continues purifying, obtains cellulose-decomposing bacterium.
Described surfactant can adopt synthetic surfactant or biosurfactant.Described synthetic surfactant comprises softex kw, dodecyl sodium sulfate, PEG6000, neopelex, tween etc.Described biosurfactant refers to the self-faced active material by microorganism, plant or animal generation.The effect that described surfactant plays is the utilizability that has improved stalk.
The invention provides a kind of biosurfactant, be the compost of soil sample below the various stalks heap of long-term accumulation and cattle farm, under the low temperature condition of culture (5～10 ℃), sieve again through bacterium enrichment culture, blood plate line primary dcreening operation, blue gel flat band method, filter out and have that surface-active bacterial strain produces, belong to sophorolipid.
The screening of bacterial strain
1. bacterium enrichment culture
Get the various concentration (10 of 5ml respectively
-2, 10
-3, 10
-4, 10
-5, 10
-6, 10
-7, 10
-8, 10
-9G/ml) soil supension is inoculated in the bacterium enriched medium, and 1～2d is cultivated in 24 ℃ of concussions, and rotating speed 200r/min obtains pregnant solution.
Described bacterium enriched medium (XF) is: vegetable oil 4g, (NH
4)
2SO
410g, KCl 1.1g, FeSO
47H
2O 2.5 * 10
-5G, KH
2PO
43.4g, K
2HPO
43H
2O 5g, MgSO
40.5g, EDTA1g, yeast extract 0.5g is settled to 1L with distilled water, and the pH value is 7.0.
2. blood plate culture medium primary dcreening operation
Above-mentioned pregnant solution is cultivated in the line of blood plate culture medium, selected the bigger bacterial strain of generation haemolysis circle and carry out separation and purification, single bacterium colony of separation and purification is connected on the slant medium, cultivates 1～2d for 30 ℃.
Described blood plate culture medium (g/L) is: sheep blood 8～10%, and beef extract 0.3%, peptone 1%, dusty yeast 0.01%, NaCl 0.5%, agar powder 1.7%, pH 6～7,115 ℃ of sterilization 15min.
Described slant medium: glucose 16g, peptone 4g, yeast extract 0.2g, agar 20g is settled to 1L with distilled water, and the pH value is 6.5.
3. the blue gel culture medium sieves again
Get the various concentration (10 of 5ml respectively
-2,10
-3, 10
-4, 10
-5, 10
-6, 10
-7, 10
-8, 10
-9G/ml) soil supension is inoculated in aforementioned enriched medium (XF), and 1～2d, rotating speed 200r/min are cultivated in 24 ℃ of concussions.The blue gel plating medium is coated in the pregnant solution dilution, the bacterial strain that produces blue circle around the choosing colony carries out separation and purification, single bacterium colony of separation and purification is connected on the aforementioned slant medium, cultivate 1～2d for 30 ℃, the bacterial classification that the inclined-plane is cultivated is inoculated in and shakes in bottle nutrient solution, 30 ℃ of shaken cultivation 2～3d after transferring and cultivate 16h in seed culture medium, rotating speed 200r/min, thus described pseudomonas aeruginosa obtained.
Described blue gel plating medium (g/L) is: beef extract 1, glucose 20, peptone 5, yeast extract 0.2, agar 18, cetyl trimethyl bromination 0.2, methylene blue 0.005.
Described seed culture medium is: peptone 10g, beef extract 3g, NaCl 5g, be settled to 1L with distilled water, the pH value is 7.2.
4. the mensuration of oil extraction
Above-mentioned isolated single strain is carried out liquid fermentation and culture, and (fermentation medium is glucose 20g/L, yeast extract 1g/L, NH
4NO
32.5g/L, KH
2PO
41g/L, Na
2HPO
41g/L, MgSO
47H
2O 0.02g/L, inorganic salt solution 3mL/L, hexadecane 2mL/L, pH7.0, wherein inorganic salt solution is zinc sulfate 0.029g/L, calcium chloride 0.024g/L, copper sulphate 0.025g/L, magnesium sulfate 0.017g/L), with its zymotic fluid respectively under normal temperature (25 ℃) and low temperature environment (0～10 ℃) do oil extraction mensuration.The distilled water that namely in a glass dish (D=9cm), adds 60mL, the n-dodecane that adds 8mL then, after treating that n-dodecane is uniformly distributed on the water surface, the zymotic fluid that adds 1mL on its surface, if produce the oil extraction circle, then prove to have biosurfactant in the zymotic fluid, otherwise, inanimate object surfactant in this zymotic fluid then proved.The oil extraction circle is more big, illustrates that oil extraction is more good.The bacterial strain of choosing oil extraction good (being that its zymotic fluid oil extraction diameter is greater than 3cm) keeps, and proceeds next step the capillary determination test of zymotic fluid.
5. the capillary mensuration of zymotic fluid
The bacterial strain that oil extraction is good was cultivated in aforementioned fermentation medium 4～5 days, surface tension to its zymotic fluid is measured, measure its surface tension value with FD-NST-I Measurement of liquid surface tension coefficient instrument, the bacterial strain that the zymotic fluid surface tension value is lower than 40mN/m is preserved, and does the bacterium Physiology and biochemistry and identifies.
Observe and the evaluation of bacterium Physiology and biochemistry through colonial morphology, identify from nine indexs respectively: colonial morphology is observed, the Gram test, the oxidation/fermentation type, methyl red (MR) test, gelatin liquefaction test, the starch hydrolysis experiment, indoles (indole), citrate utilization test (macroprocedure), the test catalase test, final definite bacterial strain that filters out belongs to pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pseudomonas aeruginosa), this bacterial strain on March 11st, 2010 in China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms's preservation, deposit number is CGMCC No.3661, also be Psychrotrophs simultaneously, its zymotic fluid (0～10 ℃) under low temperature environment still has lower surface tension (all less than 35mN/m).
The result shows, by measuring its zymotic fluid surface tension value, and be optimized back medium component and condition of culture, medium component is: sucrose 30-31g/L, yeast extract 1-1.1g/L, NH
4NO
31-1.1g/L, Na
2HPO
41-1.1g/L, atoleine 5-6ml, inorganic salt solution volume by volume concentration (v/v) is 3-3.2%, inoculum concentration is that 5～7%, pH controls 6.8～7.2,35～37 ℃ of temperature, incubation time is 1-4d.
Separation and Extraction
From the fermentation culture of above-mentioned pseudomonas aeruginosa, just can separation and Extraction make sophorolipid through some suitable methods, these methods are often to be used in the method for extracting metabolin, for example can utilize sophorolipid and impurity to extract in the difference of aspects such as solubility, ions binding power, absorption affinity and molecular weight.For example with 35～37 ℃ of zymotic fluids of cultivating 24h, centrifugal, collect flocculent deposit, obtain crude product, suspend again with carrene again, filter, extracting, centrifugal, collecting precipitation is the surfactant behind the purifying.
The biosurfactant that the Psychrotrophs bacterial strain is produced carries out infrared spectrum evaluation (as shown in Figure 1), and qualification result is that the metabolite of Psychrotrophs bacterial strain is sophorolipid.
This biosurfactant can directly be used aforementioned zymotic fluid, perhaps zymotic fluid is used after separation and purification.
The invention will be further described below in conjunction with embodiment, it should be understood that these embodiment only are used for the purpose of illustration, never limit protection scope of the present invention.
Stalk is rotted to approaching with soil or compost dipping, after with alcohol the stalk that approach to rot being carried out surface sterilizing, be cut into the long small fragment of 1～3cm, the straw small fragment changes in the flat board that 25mL 95% ethanol is housed with sterilization metal tweezers with partly becoming thoroughly decomposed, taking-up changes new sterilization plate inboard over to after soaking 90s, treat that surperficial alcohol dries that (5～10min) backs change PDA solid medium (potato glucose agar medium over to the metal tweezers of sterilizing, finished product 32-34g, agar powder 8-10g) in the plate, seal plate with plastic sheeting, plate is inverted cultivation 5～10d after putting cultivation 8d, at growth fungus colony edge picking fritter bacterium colony, change in the PDA solid medium plate and cultivate, if find that growth has assorted bacterium, picking colony edge to change in the new plate that the PDA solid medium is housed and continues purifying, obtain cellulose-decomposing bacterium.
Nonionic surface active agent PEG6000 and cellulose-decomposing bacterium are made into complex micro organism fungicide in 1: 1 ratio, complex micro organism fungicide is imposed on the bright stalk, the consumption of complex microorganism preparations is 4% of fresh straw weight.The bright stalk that will be mixed with complex micro organism fungicide when gather in the crops autumn imposes in the ground, is contrast not execute microbial inoculum and stalk.Crop on the 1 year spring kind carries out farm work routinely.
Through experimental test, complex microorganism preparations of the present invention imposes on the bright stalk, do not compare with the stalk contrast with adding complex microorganism preparations, soil moisture content exceeds 15%, and soil bacteria quantity exceeds 2 times, the quantity of soil phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria improves 40%, the soil nitrification number of bacteria improves 3 times, and crop root length improves 25%, and stem of plant minister degree improves 30%, crop weight improves 32%, and seedling stage, ground biomass improved 45%.
Embodiment 2
Method according to embodiment 1 obtains cellulose-decomposing bacterium.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is produced the glycolipid and the cellulose-decomposing bacterium that contain rhamnose be made into complex micro organism fungicide in 2: 1 ratios, complex micro organism fungicide is imposed on the bright stalk, the consumption of complex microorganism preparations is 4.5% of fresh straw weight.The bright stalk that will be mixed with complex micro organism fungicide when gather in the crops autumn imposes in the ground, is contrast not execute microbial inoculum and stalk.Crop on the 1 year spring kind carries out farm work routinely.
Through experimental test, complex microorganism preparations of the present invention imposes on the bright stalk, do not compare with the stalk contrast with adding complex microorganism preparations, soil moisture content exceeds 18%, and soil bacteria quantity exceeds 2.5 times, the quantity of soil phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria improves 42%, the soil nitrification number of bacteria improves 3.5 times, and crop root length improves 27%, and stem of plant minister degree improves 32%, crop weight improves 34%, and seedling stage, ground biomass improved 50%.
Embodiment 3
Method according to embodiment 1 obtains cellulose-decomposing bacterium.
To carry out fermented and cultured according to the pseudomonas aeruginosa (deposit number is CGMCC No.3661) that preceding method filters out, medium component is: sucrose 30-31g/L, yeast extract 1-1.1g/L, NH
4NO
31-1.1g/L, Na
2HPO
41-1.1g/L, atoleine 5-6ml, inorganic salt solution volume by volume concentration (v/v) is 3-3.2%, and inoculum concentration is 5-7%, and pH controls at 6.8-7.2,35～37 ℃ of temperature, incubation time is 1-4d, obtains described biosurfactant zymotic fluid.
Above-mentioned biosurfactant zymotic fluid and cellulose-decomposing bacterium are made into complex micro organism fungicide by 1: 2 volume ratio, complex micro organism fungicide is imposed on the bright stalk, the consumption of complex microorganism preparations is 5% of fresh straw weight.The bright stalk that will be mixed with complex micro organism fungicide when gather in the crops autumn imposes in the ground, is contrast not execute microbial inoculum and stalk.Crop on the 1 year spring kind carries out farm work routinely.
Through experimental test, complex microorganism preparations of the present invention imposes on the bright stalk, do not compare with the stalk contrast with adding complex microorganism preparations, soil moisture content exceeds 20%, and soil bacteria quantity exceeds 3 times, the quantity of soil phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria improves 44%, the soil nitrification number of bacteria improves 4 times, and crop root length improves 30%, and stem of plant minister degree improves 34%, crop weight improves 37%, and seedling stage, ground biomass improved 55%.
Claims (5)
1. a complex microorganism preparations is formulated by the volume ratio of 1:2～2:1 by cellulose-decomposing bacterium and surfactant, and described cellulose-decomposing bacterium belongs to the trichoderma filamentous fungi, and its culture presevation is numbered CGMCC No.3662;
Described surfactant is synthetic surfactant or biosurfactant;
Wherein, described synthetic surfactant comprises softex kw, dodecyl sodium sulfate, PEG6000, neopelex, tween;
Wherein, described biosurfactant refers to comprise glycolipid, lipopeptid or neutral quasi-grease derivative by the self-faced active material of microorganism, plant or animal generation.
2. complex microorganism preparations as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described glycolipid is the glycolipid that contains rhamnose that pseudomonas aeruginosa produces.
3. a method for preparing claim 1 or 2 described complex microorganism preparations is with formulated by the volume ratio of 1:2～2:1 by described cellulose-decomposing bacterium and surfactant.
4. the application of a complex microorganism preparations as claimed in claim 1 is characterized in that described complex micro organism fungicide is executed equably on the fresh straw surface.
5. application according to claim 4, the consumption that it is characterized in that described complex microorganism preparations is 4～5% of fresh straw weight.
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| CN102580996B (en) * | 2012-01-16 | 2013-09-11 | 扬州工业职业技术学院 | Method for preparing soil composite biological repairing agent by using maize straws and application of repairing agent in soil property improvement |
| CN103230917B (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2015-04-29 | 东北林业大学 | Forest floor combustible biodegradation agent and use thereof |
| CN104876701A (en) * | 2015-05-14 | 2015-09-02 | 广西大学 | Method for treating agricultural waste generated by mandarin orange cultivation through microbiological method |
| CN106244479A (en) * | 2016-03-02 | 2016-12-21 | 西安华诺环保股份有限公司 | A kind of composite bacteria agent capable for deep-seated oil contaminated soil biological restoration technique |
| CN106588417A (en) * | 2016-12-20 | 2017-04-26 | 罗永志 | Special organic fertilizer for hawthorn trees, and preparation method thereof |
| CN107502578A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2017-12-22 | 林伟 | A kind of decomposed preparation and its purposes in rice straw also Tanaka |
| CN108271776B (en) * | 2017-12-25 | 2021-06-11 | 武汉科诺生物科技股份有限公司 | Use of bacillus lipopeptide metabolite as microbial agent aid |
| CN108264377A (en) * | 2018-03-12 | 2018-07-10 | 江苏新亿源环保科技有限公司 | A kind of special preparation method for promoting rotten agent of Composting |
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| CN1657613A (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2005-08-24 | 湖南大学 | Method for raising green trichoderma cellulase active by biological surfae active agent |
| CN101538604A (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2009-09-23 | 上海交通大学 | Online production method of rhamnolipid biosurfactant in cellulose hydrolyzation |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1657613A (en) * | 2005-01-31 | 2005-08-24 | 湖南大学 | Method for raising green trichoderma cellulase active by biological surfae active agent |
| CN101538604A (en) * | 2009-04-09 | 2009-09-23 | 上海交通大学 | Online production method of rhamnolipid biosurfactant in cellulose hydrolyzation |
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| 刘保平等.一种降解秸秆的丝状真菌的分离和定性方法.《农业环境科学学报》.2009,第28卷(第3期),559-563. * |
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