CN101896079A - 植物成分的提取方法 - Google Patents
植物成分的提取方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN101896079A CN101896079A CN2008801198417A CN200880119841A CN101896079A CN 101896079 A CN101896079 A CN 101896079A CN 2008801198417 A CN2008801198417 A CN 2008801198417A CN 200880119841 A CN200880119841 A CN 200880119841A CN 101896079 A CN101896079 A CN 101896079A
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Abstract
本发明涉及植物成分的提取方法，该方法包括a)粉碎植物材料，b)在粉碎的植物材料中加入溶剂，c)历经5-300秒，将粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的混合物在95-150℃下进行超高温处理。
Description
本发明涉及在短时间内提取植物成分的方法。
目前提取植物成分的方法主要是根据并流原理或逆流原理进行的。例如，EP627490描述了从菊苣根中逆流提取菊糖(inulin)。
EP792646涉及用于皮肤的化妆品或药物组合物，其可以通过从洋茄(Solanum lycocarpum)提取物中逆流提取而获得。
在DE3603678中，进行了多阶段方法中的压榨和提取的组合。在第一阶段，应用适合的压榨机将未干燥的生物碱植物小片压榨，并且在二阶段方法中用水逆流提取产生的残渣。
目前并流和逆流提取方法需要相对长的周期，因此，本发明的目的是提供改善的、特别是节省时间的植物成分的提取方法。
存在其它不应用并流或逆流原理的植物成分的提取方法。通常，这些方法是费时的和/或应用相对高的温度，这导致更高的能量消耗：
EP-A 0787745公开了耶路撒冷洋蓟(Jerusalem artichoke)块茎(tuber)的提取，其中将粉碎的块茎转移至沸水中并且提取10-15分钟。
US2004176647公开了应用水热处理从残留的植物材料中提取酚类化合物的方法。该水热处理基于将粗制的残留植物材料放置在密闭的反应器中与热水接触，该处理包括下列步骤：a)将待处理的材料放置在密闭的反应器中与水接触；b)搅拌；c)加热至温度为180至240℃之间，并且在一定压力下以便水保持为液相；d)将混合物连续搅拌4至30分钟之间；和e)将反应器冷却至约40℃，取出混合物、过滤并且回收液体级分。
JP-A 2006199651描述了从特别的植物中提取成纤维细胞生长因子5抑制剂，其中将植物材料粉碎并且用50％乙醇在82℃下提取10分钟。
本发明涉及植物成分的提取方法，该方法包括
a)粉碎植物材料
b)在粉碎的植物材料中加入溶剂
c)历经5-300秒，将粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的混合物在95-150℃下进行超高温处理。
借助超高温处理的本发明的提取是有利的，因为这是一种在非常短时间内完成的方法。应用热交换装置的逆流方法中的提取需要至少30-40分钟，但是通常需要90分钟或更长。
本发明中的术语“超高温”指的是至少95℃的温度。在本发明的特别实施方案中，术语“超高温”还可以表示至少100℃或至少110℃的温度。
由于本发明方法的短提取时间，对于预期的植物成分，发生了更少的氧化和降解过程，因此产量增加并且避免了副产物。
另外，由于非常短的提取时间，发生更少的染色，所述的染色是由通常存在的植物酚类的氧化引起的，其相反影响最终产物并且必须除去。
超高温处理是在至少95℃的温度下进行的，因此植物成分从植物材料中转移至溶剂中，并且同时酶和微生物失活。在该实施方案中，本发明方法的优点是在植物原料粉碎后预期成分的提取以及酶和微生物的失活是在一步中进行的。迄今为止，超高温(UHT)处理仅用于微生物的失活，主要是在随后的处理阶段，而不是用于酶的失活以及从植物原料中提取植物成分。酶的失活通过变性来实现。早期处理阶段的变性是有利的，因为能降解预期植物成分的酶要无害化。
本发明的另一个优点是超高温处理是在95-150℃下进行的。其它提取植物成分的方法应用更高的温度，其消耗更多的能量。
最后，已经发现与常规逆流方法的情况相比，在本发明的方法中需要更少的用于调节提取混合物的pH的化学品。已经发现，在常规的逆流方法中，pH的波动更大并且经常需要通过加入化学品来使其平稳。这可能是由于释放的多酚类以及它们的氧化引起的。本发明方法中的提取混合物是pH比较稳定的。
对于本发明的目的，术语“植物材料”指的是植物的所有部分，其包括所需的植物成分。特别优选的是水果、花、种子、块茎、叶、茎、树皮、根或茎或者它们的混合物。
植物材料的粉碎可以应用本领域技术人员已知的所有装置来进行。例如破碎机、伐木机、(切割)粉碎机、切块机。粉碎应当在材料和机器的最低可能温度下进行，以避免氧化和降解，优选在＜10℃下进行。粉碎可以在数个阶段中进行，从粗到细。在完成粉碎后，颗粒大小必须存在，其允许处理UHT方法中粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的混合物。
适合的溶剂是所有那些已知的植物成分的提取溶剂。优选的溶剂是水，用于提取至少部分水溶性成分。对于后来的食物应用，水是安全的，可低成本获得并且不易燃。为了获得更好的提取产率，在水中加入非极性共溶剂是有利的。优选的共溶剂是醇类，例如乙醇、丙醇、异丙醇。如果待提取的物质用作食物，乙醇是最优选的。优选加入至多占总溶剂混合物的18体积％的共溶剂。
取决于体系(植物、待提取的成分)，还可能加入表面活性剂，以促进液相中植物成分的提取和植物成分的稳定。特别是在非极性成分(例如萜类)的情况下。适合的表明活性剂是阴离子型表面活性剂、非离子型表面活性剂或阳离子型表面活性剂。
阴离子型表面活性剂的实例是肥皂、烷基苯磺酸盐、链烷磺酸盐、烯烃磺酸盐、烷基醚磺酸盐、甘油醚磺酸盐、α-甲基酯磺酸盐、磺基脂肪酸、烷基硫酸盐、脂肪醇醚硫酸盐、甘油醚硫酸盐、脂肪酸醚硫酸盐、羟基混合醚硫酸盐、单甘油酯(醚)硫酸盐、脂肪酰胺(醚)硫酸盐、单-和二烷基磺基琥珀酸盐、单-和二烷基磺基琥珀酰胺酸酯、磺基甘油三酯、酰胺肥皂、醚羧酸及其盐、脂肪酸异硫代硫酸盐、脂肪酸肌氨酸盐、脂肪酸氨基乙磺酸盐、N-酰基氨基酸(例如酰基乳酸盐、酰基酒石酸盐、酰基谷氨酸盐和酰基天冬氨酸盐)、烷基寡糖硫酸盐、蛋白质脂肪酸浓缩物(特别是基于小麦的植物产品)和烷基(醚)磷酸盐。
非离子型表面活性剂的典型实例是脂肪醇聚乙二醇醚、烷基酚聚乙二醇醚、脂肪酸聚乙二醇醚、脂肪酰胺聚乙二醇醚、脂肪胺聚乙二醇醚、烷氧基化的甘油三酯、混合醚和混合形式、任选部分氧化的烷(烯)基寡糖和葡糖醛酸衍生物、脂肪酸N-烷基葡糖酰胺(glucamides)、蛋白水解产物、多元醇脂肪酸酯、糖酯、脱水山梨醇酯、聚山梨酸酯和胺氧化物。
阳离子型表面活性剂的典型实例是季胺化合物，例如二甲基双十八烷基氯化铵和季铵酯，特别是季铵化脂肪酸三烷醇胺酯盐。两性和两性离子型表面活性剂的典型实例是烷基甜菜碱、烷基酰氨基甜菜碱、氨基丙酸盐、氨基甘氨酸盐、咪唑啉鎓甜菜碱和磺基甜菜碱。
特别的表面活性剂是唯一已知的化合物。关于这些物质的结构和制备，参考有关的综述著作，例如J.Falbe(编辑)，“Surfactants in ConsumerProducts(消费品中的表面活性剂)”，Springer Verlag，Berlin，1987，第54-124页，或者J.Falbe(编辑)，“Katalysatoren，Tenside und
[Catalysts，surfactants and mineral oil additives(催化剂、表面活性剂和矿物油添加剂)]，Thieme Verlag，Stuttgart，1978，第123-217页。
取决于体系(植物的类型、成分的类型)和取决于所用的热交换装置，将植物材料与溶剂的比例设置为允许足够的流动通过该装置。
溶剂可以在粉碎过程中或之后加入或在超高温处理之前直接加入，无论本领域技术人员对预给定的体系做出什么决定。
在本方法的进一步的实施方案中，UHT处理期是5-200秒、优选5-150秒、更优选5-100秒、甚至更优选5-60秒、特别优选5-50秒或者10-50秒、仍然更优选5-30秒或者甚至10-30秒并且最优选5-25秒或者甚至10-25秒。
在本发明的特别实施方案中，UHT处理在温度为100-150℃、更优选110℃-150℃下进行。在另一个实施方案中，UHT处理在温度为95-140℃、优选100-140℃并且最优选110-140℃下进行。在另一个实施方案中，UHT处理在温度为95-130℃、优选100-130℃并且最优选110-130℃下进行。每个温度范围可以与上面给定的每个时间周期组合。
在本发明的进一步的实施方案中，超高温处理通过热交换装置间接进行。在间接UHT方法中，热交换介质(例如水或蒸气)不与粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的提取混合物直接接触。热交换装置优选是板式热交换器或管式热交换器。但是，应用本领域技术人员已知的其它热交换装置也是可能的。在板式热交换器的情况中，用作分离表面的是板，并且在管式热交换器的情况中是管束。应用UHT处理的上述温度和时间周期。在间接UHT处理的情况中，UHT处理时间周期应当表示在最高的UHT处理温度下粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的混合物的停留时间。混合物在热交换装置中的总的停留时间通常更长，因为例如在管式热交换器的情况中，不能立即达到最高温度，或者分别在入口和出口处不再达到最高温度。
在本发明的特别实施方案中，当应用热交换装置时，超高温处理在逆流方法中进行。该实施方案是非常有利的，因为与本发明相比，已知的方法需要更长的时间周期，通常是90分钟或更长。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中，超高温处理可以在热交换装置的并流方法中进行。
在本发明的进一步的实施方案中，超高温处理通过直接蒸气引入来进行。在该方法中，蒸气是在压力下直接引入至粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的提取混合物中。同样，可以应用上述的UHT处理的温度和时间周期。直接蒸气引入方法中的UHT处理时间周期相应于蒸气引入时间周期。
在UHT处理后，粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的混合物可以在更低的温度下搅拌，以便继续提取和增加预期成分的产率。但是，该步骤完全是任选的并且对于本发明方法的成功并不是必须的。
提取完成后，可以将固体植物材料与液相分离。对于这一点，可以应用本领域技术人员已知的任何装置，例如倾板器、离心机、过滤装置、膜等。液相分离后，可以再次将溶剂加入至固体植物材料中并且进行UHT处理，正如上面描述的。但是，该步骤完全是任选的并且对于本发明方法的成功并不是必须的。
从液相中分离和纯化预期的植物成分可以通过常规方法进行，例如沉淀、膜分离、蒸发等。应用已知的方法还可以将产物与有色杂质分离，例如通过用活性炭、色谱法、沉淀、重结晶或它们的组合处理。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中，植物成分是菊糖，特别是长链菊糖。应用本发明方法可以从例如菊苣(菊苣)、大丽花(大丽花)、耶路撒冷洋蓟(菊芋)或菜蓟属植物，如洋蓟(洋蓟/刺菜蓟)和朝鲜蓟(刺菜蓟)中提取菊糖。菜蓟属植物在下文中被指定为“洋蓟(artichoke)”。菊糖优选是长链菊糖，其是从洋蓟根中提取的。洋蓟根中的长链菊糖具有大于40的重均聚合度DPw，其是应用GPC-RI测量的。将162g/mol用作计算中单体的分子量。结合本发明，术语“菊糖”应当理解为表示果聚糖(polyfructane)，其包含果糖分子的β-2-1-连接链。该链在其末端可以携带还原的α-D-葡萄糖单元。
用于提取菊糖的洋蓟根在粉碎前应当是不含任何粘附的杂质，例如通过应用高压清洁器用水彻底洗涤。洗涤可以在根的冷冻状态下进行，以便保证尽可能低的根原料的质量损失。如果需要，首先将根例如通过切割粗糙地预粉碎。对于进一步的粉碎，优选撕碎机或切割碎机，已经证实购自Hosokawa/Alpine的Rotoplex 28/40切割碎机特别有用。获得的产物是大部分纤维状小片形式的粉碎的根材料。在本发明的特别优选的实施方案中，在超高温处理前将洋蓟根粉碎成小片并且制成浓汤(pureed)。先行制浓汤提供了非常快速且高产量的提取，以及在UHT装置、特别是在管式热交换器中很好地处理根/溶剂混合物。制浓汤可以在常规装置中进行，已经证实购自Hosokawa的Rietz-Desintegrator RA-12特别有用。洋蓟根的制浓汤优选在温度＜10℃、优选＜5℃下并且加入水、非常特别优选在冰水中进行。低温处理的结果是，植物材料的氧化和降解过程被大部分或甚至完全避免。调节水的量，以便获得可流动的浓汤，该浓汤可以在UHT装置(特别是管式热交换器)中容易地处理。在一个实施方案中，水/根重量比的范围为3/1-7/1、优选4/1-6/1。
在本发明的特别实施方案中，当菊糖是植物成分时，超高温处理是以逆流方法在热交换装置中进行的。
UHT处理后，可以将洋蓟根和水的混合物在更低的温度下搅拌，以便继续提取并且增加菊糖产量。在110-150℃下历经10-50秒进行UHT处理是有利的。然后，后提取可以在50-100℃下历经至多15分钟并且搅拌进行。但是，后提取完全是任选的并且对于本发明方法的成功并不是必须的。
应用本发明方法可以获得的进一步优选的植物成分是：
a)类黄酮和双类黄酮，例如花色素、2-次苯甲基苯并呋喃酮、儿茶素、查耳酮、脱氧花色素、黄烷醇、黄烷酮、黄酮、异黄酮、黄酮醇、二氢黄酮醇、白花色素(leukoanthocyanidins)、穗花杉双黄酮(amentoflavones)、原花色素，
b)类姜黄素，例如姜黄素I[双(阿魏酰基)甲烷]、去甲氧基姜黄素[阿魏酰基-(4-香豆酰基)甲烷]和二去甲氧基姜黄素[双(4-香豆酰基)甲烷]，
c)肉桂叶油和肉桂皮油的组分，例如丁子香酚、芳樟醇、肉桂醛、黄樟素、乙酸丁子香酚酯、乙酸肉桂酯和苯甲酸苄酯，
d)萜，例如蒎烯、月桂烯、樟脑、萜品烯、萜品醇、苧烯、水芹烯、乙酸芳樟酯、丙酸芳樟酯、石竹烯、香芹酮、桉树脑、香叶醇或法呢醇。
进一步优选的植物成分选自多酚、鞣酸、木酚素、花色素、原花色素、水飞蓟素、水飞蓟宾(silybin)、水飞蓟亭(silychristin)、水飞蓟宁(silydianin)、紫杉叶素、茴香脑、洋蓟酸和
烯。
本领域技术人员意识到，从这些植物中可以获得的上述成分无需在本文中明确列出这些植物。以实例的方式，可以提及的是姜黄根、姜、樟属(樟科)、大茴香、小茴香、红豆杉属(例如欧洲红豆杉)和长春花属(例如白长春花)。
本发明通过下面实施例说明，但是不能理解为其是对整个发明概念的任何限制。
实施例1：
在管式热交换器中用UHT提取洋蓟根
所用的原料是173kg“Concerto”变种的洋蓟根，其是在2007年9月采集的，产地荷兰。根的菊糖含量占总质量(包括水)的17.40％。
a)根的粉碎和制浓汤
将根应用购自Hosokawa/Alpine去除装置的筛的切割碎机28/40粉碎。然后，在根碎片中加入水(水/根的质量比＝5/1)，并且将混合物应用购自Hosokawa的Rietz-Desintegrator RA-12(所用筛的目数大小：1mm)制成浓汤。
b)UHT处理
根浓汤的间接UHT处理在购自HRS Spiratube的管式热交换器中进行。该处理是在120℃下、在300L/小时的体积气流下历经27秒进行。
UHT处理后，应用购自Westfalia的SDA 230倾板器将固体从液体中分离。获得480kg的水性菊糖提取物，其包含13.5kg重均聚合度为47的菊糖(GPC RI)。
实施例2：
用直接蒸气引入(DSI)提取洋蓟根
所用的原料是114kg“Concerto”变种的洋蓟根，其是在2007年9月采集的，产地荷兰。根的菊糖含量占总质量(包括水)的17.43％。
a)根的粉碎和制浓汤
将根应用购自Hosokawa/Alpine去除装置的筛的切割碎机28/40粉碎。然后，在根碎片中加入水(水/根的质量比＝4/1)，并且将混合物应用购自Hosokawa的Rietz-Desintegrator RA-12(所用的筛的目数大小：1mm)制成浓汤。
b)UHT处理
根浓汤中水/根质量比是4/1。由于蒸气的引入稀释了根浓汤，最终获得5/1的水/根比例。历经23秒并且体积气流为250-300L/小时，将温度为120℃的蒸气引入至浓汤中。然后通过细胞计数测定样品中微生物的数量。在UHT处理前，106至107菌落形成单位(cfu/g)的数值得以确定，UHT处理后数值为＜100cfu/g，由此证明微生物失活。
UHT处理后，将0.5％重量的硫酸镁和1.0％重量的氢氧化钙加入至糊中，以便沉淀出有色组分。然后应用购自Westfalia的SDA 230倾板器将固体从液体中分离。获得325L的水性菊糖提取物，其包含7.0kg重均聚合度为44的菊糖(GPC RI)。
Claims (16)
1.植物成分的提取方法，该方法包括
a)粉碎植物材料
b)在粉碎的植物材料中加入溶剂
c)历经5-300秒，将粉碎的植物材料和溶剂的混合物在95-150℃下进行超高温处理。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中超高温处理在温度为100-150℃下进行。
3.上述权利要求中任意一项的方法，其中超高温处理历经5-200秒进行。
4.上述权利要求中任意一项的方法，其中超高温处理通过热交换装置间接进行。
5.权利要求4的方法，其中超高温处理在逆流方法中进行。
6.权利要求4或5的方法，其中热交换装置是管式热交换器。
7.权利要求1-3中任意一项的方法，其中超高温处理通过直接蒸气引入进行。
8.上述权利要求中任意一项的方法，其中溶剂是水。
9.上述权利要求中任意一项的方法，其中植物成分是菊糖。
10.权利要求9的方法，其中植物材料是菜蓟属的根。
11.权利要求10的方法，其中将根粉碎成小片并且在超高温处理前制成浓汤。
12.权利要求11的方法，其中将根在温度低于10℃下并且加入水制成浓汤。
13.权利要求1-8中任意一项的方法，其中植物成分选自多酚、木酚素、花色素、原花色素、类黄酮、双类黄酮、鞣酸、水飞蓟素、水飞蓟宾、水飞蓟亭、水飞蓟宁、紫杉叶素、类姜黄素和/或肉桂油。
14.权利要求1-8中任意一项的方法，其中植物成分选自萜、茴香脑、烯、丁子香酚或乙酸丁子香酚酯，并且将表面活性剂加入至溶剂中。
15.权利要求1-8中任意一项或权利要求14的方法，其中溶剂是水并且将共溶剂加入至水中。
16.权利要求15的方法，其中共溶剂是乙醇。
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| US61/007,937 | 2007-12-17 | ||
| PCT/EP2008/011100 WO2009077207A2 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2008-12-16 | Extraction process for plant ingredients |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102559384A (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-07-11 | 广西圣保堂药业有限公司 | 一种提取肉桂油的方法 |
| CN105188355A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-23 | 马斯公司 | 可食用宠物咀嚼物及其制造方法 |
| CN110408324A (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-05 | 吉林省五行泰和药业有限公司 | 一种落叶松木粉中松脂、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、二氢槲皮素的预处理蒸汽提取方法 |
| CN116261570A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-06-13 | 贝利优-欧拉弗蒂股份公司 | 获得含菊粉组合物的方法 |
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| JP5587201B2 (ja) | 2007-12-17 | 2014-09-10 | バイエル・クロップサイエンス・アーゲー | 植物成分の抽出方法 |
| ITUB20150477A1 (it) | 2015-02-05 | 2016-08-05 | Novamont Spa | Processo per l’ottenimento di inulina a partire da radici di piante di cardo. |
| CN108138167B (zh) | 2015-09-25 | 2022-05-17 | 味之素株式会社 | 芳樟醇的制造方法 |
| CN108138168B (zh) | 2015-09-25 | 2022-04-05 | 味之素株式会社 | 芳樟醇组合物及其制造方法 |
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| CA1324022C (en) * | 1987-08-07 | 1993-11-09 | Hiroshi Yamazaki | Process for preparing flour from jerusalem artichoke tubers |
| DE4316425C2 (de) | 1993-05-17 | 1998-05-20 | Suedzucker Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von langkettigem Inulin, das so hergestellte Inulin sowie dessen Verwendung |
| US5968365A (en) | 1996-02-05 | 1999-10-19 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Preparation of inulin products |
| FR2745182B1 (fr) | 1996-02-22 | 1998-06-19 | Sederma Sa | Compositions cosmetiques ou dermopharmaceutiques contenant un extrait de solanum lycocarpum |
| US6399142B1 (en) * | 1998-08-27 | 2002-06-04 | Barnard Stewart Silver | Liquid food products |
| CN1422547A (zh) * | 2001-12-06 | 2003-06-11 | 大连绿山科技有限公司 | 菊粉的加工方法 |
| ES2199069B1 (es) | 2002-07-17 | 2005-02-01 | Centro De Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales Y Tecnologicas, (C.I.E.M.A.T) | Procedimiento para la extraccion de compuestos fenolicos a partir de un material vegetal residual mediante un tratamiento hidrotermico. |
| CN1285615C (zh) * | 2004-12-02 | 2006-11-22 | 西北农林科技大学 | 一种菊粉的提取工艺 |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102559384A (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2012-07-11 | 广西圣保堂药业有限公司 | 一种提取肉桂油的方法 |
| CN102559384B (zh) * | 2011-12-09 | 2014-09-24 | 广西圣保堂药业有限公司 | 一种提取肉桂油的方法 |
| CN105188355A (zh) * | 2013-03-15 | 2015-12-23 | 马斯公司 | 可食用宠物咀嚼物及其制造方法 |
| CN110408324A (zh) * | 2019-08-21 | 2019-11-05 | 吉林省五行泰和药业有限公司 | 一种落叶松木粉中松脂、阿拉伯半乳聚糖、二氢槲皮素的预处理蒸汽提取方法 |
| CN116261570A (zh) * | 2020-07-16 | 2023-06-13 | 贝利优-欧拉弗蒂股份公司 | 获得含菊粉组合物的方法 |
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| CA2709319A1 (en) | 2009-06-25 |
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