CN101869030A - Domestication method adopted for enhancing salt resistance of festuca arundinacea - Google Patents
Domestication method adopted for enhancing salt resistance of festuca arundinacea Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a domestication method for enhancing the salt resistance of festuca arundinacea. The domestication method comprises the following domestication processes that: a domestic garbage compost substrate is flatly spread on a sample plot, then the compost becomes compact and flat by press, and the average thickness of the compost substrate is 20cm; the sowing mode is spring sowing, water in the compost substrate, which is used for domesticating the festuca arundinacea in each year, only depends on natural precipitation, and the seeds of the festuca arundinacea are harvested after 4 domestication years; a lawn nursery strip mode is as follows: the carrier of the lawn nursery strip of the festuca arundinacea is designed into double layers, i.e. a lower layer is newspaper and an upper layer is face tissues, and the seeds of the domesticated festuca arundinacea are bonded between an upper carrier and a lower carrier by an adhesive; the sowing quantity is 0.02g/cm2; after the seeds germinate, the seeds are transplanted onto a saline soil substrate with the salt content of 0.5 to 1 percent, the temperature is controlled at 20 to 26 DEG C, the relative humidity is 30 to 50 percent, and the normal growth of plants is guaranteed; and after the plants of the festuca arundinacea are cultured for 35d, lawn plants and the substrate are mown, and the salt resistance of the domesticated festuca arundinacea is measured after treatment.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to environmental protection technical field, relate to reasonable, the safe handling method of producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life.A kind of employing naturalized plant seed of saying so more specifically improves drought resistance of festuca arundinacea.
Background technology
The soil salinization has become one of global focus ecological problem, is subjected to extensive concern.In soil salinization control measures, with external source packing materials such as gypsum, organic polymer, discarded object flyash, sand and all kinds of fertilizer, can improve the salt soil structure, quicken salt discharge, reach promotion plant purpose to moisture and Nutrient Absorption and utilization under the salinization soil condition.Zhang Lingyun and Zhao Gengxing studies show that, administration of salt soil remediation material, soil salt content, unit weight, pH value all decrease, the porosity of soil increases, soil available N, P, K content and soil organic matter content improve, proof salt soil repair materials can improve the physicochemical property of beach salty soil, reaches the purpose of soil melioration.
Plant introduction domestication activity has promoted the development of human history, and will continue as enriching the multifarious effective way of plant variety.1997-1999, Shi Jianjun etc. choose 21 portions of gramineous forage grasss at Dari County, Golog state introducing and planting, filter out 15 kinds of suitable cultivation kinds.Liu Hongzhan etc. are material with resistance corn variety agricultural university 108, studied the germination seed of taming respectively with 20% and 70% seawater and germination period seedling some effects on physiological indexes in the 50% seawater stress process at later stages, the result shows in different developmental phases and takes the rational mode of taming can improve in the growing process adaptive capacity to seawater stress.In addition, the soil salinization is a worldwide problem, also is simultaneously to solve a difficult problem maximum in the land deterioration in the world.Yellow living woodss in 2004 have carried out the experiment of introducing a fine variety of anti-saline and alkaline greening seedling in the Cixi development zone, and determine that the soil salt content that it is suitable that it introduces a fine variety nursery stock is 0.45%.Guo Shanxi etc. carried out the research that yellow horn and strange willow are introduced a fine variety in the saline land in 2009.But carrying out Festuca Arundinacea domestication at present on the saline land introduces a fine variety and furthers investigate.
Summary of the invention
The tall fescue seed that this research is selected for use is cultivated on full composting substrate, through the seed that high infiltration condition is tamed down and the biological character performance is good for many years.By in salt content being the planting on the saline-alkali soil of 0.5-1%, come relatively with without the tall fescue seed of domestication in the difference aspect the salt-resistance shape, provide scientific basis for the seed selection of the anti-salt kind of Festuca Arundinacea.
The present invention is the tall fescue seed of growth domestication under hyperosmosis producing fertilizer from refuse in daily life matrix condition for many years, develop with the kind tall fescue seed with unacclimated, by the physiological ecological response characteristic of domestication Festuca Arundinacea under the research water stress, provide foundation for improving Festuca Arundinacea salt-resistance and application.For achieving the above object, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The domestication process of consumer garbage compost substrate tall fescue: consumer garbage compost matrix is tiled on the sample plot, and the consolidation that compost is become by suppression is smooth again, and the composting substrate average thickness is 20cm; Seeding method is for sowing in spring, and the water that the fertilizer ground substance Festuca Arundinacea is tamed each time only depends on natural rainfall, and Festuca Arundinacea is gathered in the crops its seed after 4 domestication years;
(2) planting of tall fescue turf is the plant strip for lawn mode: the tall fescue turf belt seeding carrier is designed to bilayer, and promptly lower floor is a newspaper, and the upper strata is a face tissue, and the tall fescue seed of taming is bonded in up and down between the carrier by adhesive; Seeding quantity is 0.02g/cm
2
(3) sprout cultivation: treat to be transplanted on the solonchak matrix that salt content is 0.5-1% behind the seed germination, 20～26 ℃ of control temperature, relative moisture is 30%～50%, illumination condition is 750-200lux, supply with the sufficient moisture of plant every day, to ensure the normal growth of plant; The Festuca Arundinacea plant cradles the neat matrix of lawn plant after cultivating 35d, and root is clean with distilled water flushing, blots plant surface moisture, places the 30min that completes under 105 ℃ of conditions of baking oven, dries to constant weight for 80 ℃, measures the salt-resistance of domestication back Festuca Arundinacea.
The present invention plays acclimation by plantation Festuca Arundinacea on height infiltration matrix; thereby the POD of plant resistance to environment stress and the main enzyme content of CAT are greatly improved; Festuca Arundinacea ground biomass after the process domestication simultaneously and underground biomass are all apparently higher than not taming Festuca Arundinacea; its chlorophyll content and protective enzyme activity also are higher than contrast, and the salt-resistance that the domestication Festuca Arundinacea is described is apparently higher than not taming Festuca Arundinacea.
Concrete experimental technique of the present invention:
1. method of production
1.1 experiment material
1.1 the domestication of sample plot overview and experimental design and Festuca Arundinacea
Consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin Xiao Dian composting plant, and basic physical and chemical is: pH 7.62, saturation moisture content 0.76ml/g, unit weight 0.85g/ml, full nitrogen 5.18%, available phosphorus 77.92mg/kg, organic 12.12%.Lawn plant is selected Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea L.) for use
Sample plot is located at the Bei Yuan of Tianjin Normal University, the geographical position be 39 ° 13 of north latitude ', 117 ° 2 of east longitude ', belong to warm temperate zone half moistening monsoon type weather.12.3 ℃ of average temperatures of the whole year, average precipitation 550～680mm.Experiment field soil belongs to the loamy texture meadow soil, fertile soil, and soil fertility is even.Testing ground area is 10 * 22m
2, behind the fully whole ground, be that the consumer garbage compost of 50t is tiled on the sample plot with gross weight, the consolidation that compost is become by suppression is smooth again, and the composting substrate average thickness is 20cm.Seeding method is for sowing in spring, and seed is sprouted under an amount of irrigation condition, begins to emerge after the week, and it is basicly stable to emerge to the 40d.
Index determining is observed emerging the date of each clean culture and mixed seeding lawn plant from planting; Emerge stable after, and regularly survey vertical plant height and biomass.Annual each processing of observation in early spring and control plot lawn plant begin the date of turning green, turn green back each sub-district lawn plant cover degree of results of regular determination, plant height and biomass.Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea L.) is gathered in the crops its seed in planting in 2004 after taming 4 years.
1.2 experimental technique and material
Used seed is that through the tall fescue seed of domestication in 4 years, in addition, the same kind tall fescue seed of soil cultivation normal growth is material (CK) in contrast under the high infiltration of the consumer garbage compost matrix.Cultivate required soil and be taken from garden mould in the school institute of Tianjin Normal University, its soil property is: pH 7.44, the content of organic matter 4.68%, full nitrogen 0.21%, available phosphorus 22.03mgkg
-1, saturation moisture content 0.58mlg
-1
The planting of tall fescue turf is the plant strip for lawn mode: the plant strip for lawn carrier design is for double-deck, and promptly lower floor is a newspaper, and the upper strata is a face tissue, and tall fescue seed is bonded in up and down between the carrier by adhesive; Wherein the adhesive of plant strip for lawn is prepared from for the glutinous rice flour that crushes is dissolved in boiling water.Seeding quantity is 0.02g/cm
2The Festuca Arundinacea of domestication is planted living band in culture dish, sprout cultivation in advance, treat to be transplanted on the solonchak matrix behind the seed germination.Solonchak matrix total amount is 100g, and wherein the salt content of solonchak is 0.5%.Festuca Arundinacea plant cultivation cycle on solonchak matrix of domestication is 35d.Experiment is three repetitions, is contrast to plant living band planting mode with the kind Festuca Arundinacea.Experiment is carried out at ambient temperature, and indoor temperature is 20 ℃-26 ℃.Relative moisture is 30%-50%, and illumination condition is 750-200lux.Supply with the sufficient moisture of plant every day, to ensure the normal growth of plant.
1.3 index determining method
1.3.1 the mensuration of biomass
The Festuca Arundinacea plant cradles the neat matrix of lawn plant after cultivating 35d, and root is clean with distilled water flushing, blot plant surface moisture with blotting paper, place the 30min that completes under 105 ℃ of conditions of baking oven, dry to constant weight for 80 ℃, measure the dry weight of its overground part and underground part.
1.3.2 the mensuration that plant height and root are long
Plant height is determined as each culture vessel and extracts the highest 3 strains mensuration, and getting its mean value is the Festuca Arundinacea plant height.Being determined as that root is long cradles the root of randomly drawing 20 strains in each basin of back, and it is long for the Festuca Arundinacea root to get its mean.
1.3.3 chlorophyllous mensuration
Chlorophyll content is measured with reference to the method for " plant physiology experiment guidance ".Chlorophyll content: get 0.2g fresh plant blade in mortar, add a small amount of quartz sand and calcium carbonate and a little 80% acetone, fully grind to form pasty state, 3～5min is left standstill in the dark place, filter then, surely be dissolved in the 25mL volumetric flask, under wavelength 633nm and 645nm, measure absorbance, calculate chlorophyll content.
1.3.4 protective enzyme Determination on content
Accurately take by weighing 0.2g sample leaf, (constant volume 10mL is in 10000rmin for PBS, pH7.8) ice bath milling and extracting with phosphate buffer
-14 ℃ of centrifugal 20min, supernatant are thick zyme extract.The POD activity adopts guaiacol method mensuration, causes the variation of light absorption value owing to the guaiacol oxidation at 25 ℃ of direct down mensuration wavelength 470nm places, and changing 0.01 with the per minute absorbance is enzyme unit alive.The SOD determination of activity: adopt nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT) photoreduction met hod, suppressing NBT photochemical reduction 50% with every gram plant fresh weight is enzyme unit alive.Ultraviolet spectrophotometry is adopted in the CAT determination of activity, directly measures wavelength 240nm place because H down at 25 ℃
2O
2Decompose and cause the fall off rate of light absorption value, changing 0.1 with per minute Δ A240 is a catalase activity unit.
1.3.5 data are handled: data analysis adopts Microsoft Excel 2003 and SPSS 13.0 to carry out the independent data T check analysis of two samples.
2. development results analysis
2.1 the consumer garbage compost matrix context analyzer of domestication Festuca Arundinacea
Though garbage compost is rich in organic and the needed nutritive element of various plants (table 1), and it contains gravel composition and a certain amount of salinity of larger proportion, chronic administration can cause soil sandization and salination.Li Yanxia etc. studies show that the garbage compost salt content is higher, and the matrix salt content is one of factor that influences seeding ratio, thus when they during as container nursery matrix, consumption is unsuitable too high, should consider the drip washing desalination prior to seeding.People such as Lu Wenlong studies show that contains very high salinity in the garbage compost, about total salt content 11.6g/Kg.In this experiment, the Festuca Arundinacea domestication is to carry out on a full composting substrate, meets the salt environment of a high infiltration.
Table 1 consumer garbage compost basic physical and chemical
Biomass is the comprehensive embodiment of plant to the salt stress reaction, promptly to the comprehensive adaptation of salt stress, also is the direct indicator of plant salt endurance.The ground biomass of domestication Festuca Arundinacea and underground biomass are all compared according to wanting high: the ground biomass comparison of domestication Festuca Arundinacea is according to improving 10.04%; The underground biomass comparison of domestication Festuca Arundinacea is according to improving 0.9% (see figure 1).
2.2 different substrates is tamed down Festuca Arundinacea plant height and the long influence of root
Salt stress also is embodied in the upgrowth situation of plant to the influence of plant, and can weigh with multiple index, and the length of halophytes seedling can be used as one of index of weighing salt resistance of plants.In addition, root system is the major organs of plant absorbing nutrient and moisture.The plant height of the Festuca Arundinacea of domestication is compared all with non-domestication Festuca Arundinacea with root length and is increased, and shows identical trend.Wherein, the long comparison of the root of domestication Festuca Arundinacea is according to high by 36.84%; The plant height comparison of domestication Festuca Arundinacea is according to high 9.42% (see figure 2).Illustrate that the domestication Testuca arundinacea can absorb moisture and nutrient better.
2.3 different substrates is tamed the influence to the chlorophyll content of Festuca Arundinacea down
Chlorophyll content and photosynthesis are closely related, are to weigh the important indicator of environment-stress to the plant influence.The size of plant photosynthesis ability is determining the height of substance accumulation ability, is also determining the speed of plant growing to a certain extent.Under the different substrates, the chlorophyll a of domestication Festuca Arundinacea, total chlorophyll content are all compared according to wanting high.The total chlorophyll content comparison of domestication Festuca Arundinacea is according to high by 0.39%.
Table 2 domestication is to the influence (mgg of Festuca Arundinacea chlorophyll content
-1FW)
2.4 domestication is to the influence of the protective enzyme content of Festuca Arundinacea under the different micelle matrix
POD, SOD and CAT are the main enzymes of protective enzyme system, the resistance of plant and closely related to adaptation and its protective enzyme content of environment.Poor environment can produce a large amount of free radicals by inducing plant, and it has injury effect to plant membrane system and protein, but the protective enzyme system in the organism can remove the free radical of generation.The SOD of domestication Festuca Arundinacea and the activity of CAT are compared respectively according to high 16.34% and 46.96%, illustrate that the salt-resistance of domestication Festuca Arundinacea increases.
3. development conclusion
Growth and development of plant be unable to do without environmental condition (comprising weather, soil, biology), any one plant variety all is in certain ecological geographic coverage, by natural selection and artificial selection, form the variety type that adapts with this area's ecotope and production requirement.The biomass of the Festuca Arundinacea of taming, the content of chlorophyllous content and protective enzyme all will be compared compared with the control according to high, and the long comparison of root of wherein taming Festuca Arundinacea is according to high by 36.84%, and the specific activity of domestication Festuca Arundinacea CAT contrasts high by 46.96%.The Festuca Arundinacea that domestication is described is more suitable for growing on saline-alkali soil than the Festuca Arundinacea without domestication.
Description of drawings:
Fig. 1-1; Fig. 1-2 domestication is to the influence of Festuca Arundinacea biomass;
Fig. 2-1; Fig. 2-2 is the influence of domestication to Festuca Arundinacea plant height and root length;
Fig. 3-1; Fig. 3-2; Fig. 3-3 is the influence of domestication to Festuca Arundinacea protective enzyme activity.
Embodiment
In order to explain enforcement of the present invention more fully, provide following preparation method's embodiment.These embodiments only are to explain rather than limit the scope of the invention.
Embodiment 1
(1) early-stage preparations:
Consumer garbage compost is from Tianjin Xiao Dian composting plant, and basic physical and chemical is: pH 7.62, saturation moisture content 0.76ml/g, unit weight 0.85g/ml, full nitrogen 5.18%, available phosphorus 77.92mg/kg, organic 12.12%.Lawn plant is selected Festuca Arundinacea (Festuca arundinacea L.) for use.
Testing ground area is 10 * 22m
2, behind the fully whole ground, be that the consumer garbage compost of 50t is tiled on the sample plot with gross weight, the consolidation that compost is become by suppression is smooth again, and the composting substrate average thickness is 20cm.Seeding method is for sowing in spring, and seed is sprouted under an amount of irrigation condition, begins to emerge after the week, and it is basicly stable to emerge to the 40d.
Index determining is observed emerging the date of each clean culture and mixed seeding lawn plant from planting; Emerge stable after, and regularly survey vertical plant height and biomass.Annual each processing of observation in early spring and control plot lawn plant begin the date of turning green, turn green back each sub-district lawn plant cover degree of results of regular determination, plant height and biomass.Festuca Arundinacea is gathered in the crops its seed in planting in 2004 after taming 4 years.
(2) experimental technique
The planting of tall fescue turf is the plant strip for lawn mode: belt seeding carrier is designed to bilayer, and promptly lower floor is a newspaper, and the upper strata is a face tissue, and the tall fescue seed of domestication is bonded in up and down between the carrier by adhesive; Seeding quantity is 0.02g/cm
2
The Festuca Arundinacea of domestication is planted living band sprout cultivation in advance, treat to be transplanted on the solonchak matrix behind the seed germination, solonchak matrix total amount is 100g, and wherein the salt content of solonchak is 0.5%; Festuca Arundinacea plant cultivation cycle on solonchak matrix of domestication is 35d; The control temperature is 26 ℃, and relative moisture is 50%, and illumination condition is 1800ux, supplies with the sufficient moisture of plant every day, to ensure the normal growth of plant; The Festuca Arundinacea plant cradles the neat matrix of lawn plant after cultivating 35d, and root is clean with distilled water flushing, blot plant surface moisture with blotting paper, place the 30min that completes under 105 ℃ of conditions of baking oven, dry to constant weight for 80 ℃, measure the salt-resistance of domestication back Festuca Arundinacea.
Early-stage preparations are with embodiment 1.
The planting of tall fescue turf is the plant strip for lawn mode: belt seeding carrier is designed to bilayer, and promptly lower floor is a newspaper, and the upper strata is a face tissue, and the tall fescue seed of domestication is bonded in up and down between the carrier by adhesive; Seeding quantity is 0.02g/cm
2The Festuca Arundinacea of domestication is planted living band sprout cultivation in advance, treat to be transplanted on the solonchak matrix behind the seed germination, solonchak matrix total amount is 100g, and wherein the salt content of solonchak is 0.8%; Festuca Arundinacea plant cultivation cycle on solonchak matrix of domestication is 35d; The control temperature is 25 ℃, and relative moisture is 45%, and illumination condition is 200lux, supplies with the sufficient moisture of plant every day, to ensure the normal growth of plant; The Festuca Arundinacea plant cradles the neat matrix of lawn plant after cultivating 35d, and root is clean with distilled water flushing, blot plant surface moisture with blotting paper, place the 30min that completes under 105 ℃ of conditions of baking oven, dry to constant weight for 80 ℃, measure the salt-resistance of domestication back Festuca Arundinacea.
Embodiment 3
Early-stage preparations are with embodiment 1.
The planting of tall fescue turf is the plant strip for lawn mode: belt seeding carrier is designed to bilayer, and promptly lower floor is a newspaper, and the upper strata is a face tissue, and the tall fescue seed of domestication is bonded in up and down between the carrier by adhesive; Seeding quantity is 0.02g/cm
2The Festuca Arundinacea of domestication is planted living band sprout cultivation in advance, treat to be transplanted on the solonchak matrix behind the seed germination, solonchak matrix total amount is 100g, and wherein the salt content of solonchak is 1%; Festuca Arundinacea plant cultivation cycle on solonchak matrix of domestication is 35d; The control temperature is 20 ℃, and relative moisture is 35%, and illumination condition is 800ux, supplies with the sufficient moisture of plant every day, to ensure the normal growth of plant; The Festuca Arundinacea plant cradles the neat matrix of lawn plant after cultivating 35d, and root is clean with distilled water flushing, blot plant surface moisture with blotting paper, place the 30min that completes under 105 ℃ of conditions of baking oven, dry to constant weight for 80 ℃, measure the salt-resistance of domestication back Festuca Arundinacea.
Embodiment 4
Early-stage preparations are with embodiment 1.
Consumer garbage compost matrix is tiled on the sample plot, and the consolidation that compost is become by suppression is smooth again, and the composting substrate average thickness is 20cm; Seeding method is for sowing in spring, and the water that the fertilizer ground substance Festuca Arundinacea is tamed each time only depends on natural rainfall, and Festuca Arundinacea is gathered in the crops its seed after 4 domestication years.Plant method for planting:
(1) planting of tall fescue turf is the plant strip for lawn mode: the tall fescue turf belt seeding carrier is designed to bilayer, and promptly lower floor is a newspaper, and the upper strata is a face tissue, and the tall fescue seed of taming is bonded in up and down between the carrier by adhesive; Seeding quantity is 0.02g/cm
2
(2) sprout cultivation: treat to be transplanted on the solonchak matrix that salt content is 0.5-1% behind the seed germination, 20～26 ℃ of control temperature, relative moisture is 30%～50%, illumination condition is 750-200lux, supply with the sufficient moisture of plant every day, to ensure the normal growth of plant; The Festuca Arundinacea plant cradles the neat matrix of lawn plant after cultivating 35d, and root is clean with distilled water flushing, blots plant surface moisture, places the 30min that completes under 105 ℃ of conditions of baking oven, dries to constant weight for 80 ℃, measures the salt-resistance of domestication back Festuca Arundinacea.Wherein adhesive is prepared from for the glutinous rice flour that crushes is dissolved in boiling water.
Claims (2)
1. method that adopts the naturalized plant seed to improve the Festuca Arundinacea salt-resistance is characterized in that:
(1) the domestication process of consumer garbage compost substrate tall fescue: consumer garbage compost matrix is tiled on the sample plot, and the consolidation that compost is become by suppression is smooth again, and the composting substrate average thickness is 20cm; Seeding method is for sowing in spring, and the water that the fertilizer ground substance Festuca Arundinacea is tamed each time only depends on natural rainfall, and Festuca Arundinacea is gathered in the crops its seed after 4 domestication years;
(2) planting of tall fescue turf is the plant strip for lawn mode: the tall fescue turf belt seeding carrier is designed to bilayer, and promptly lower floor is a newspaper, and the upper strata is a face tissue, and the tall fescue seed of taming is bonded in up and down between the carrier by adhesive; Seeding quantity is 0.02g/cm
2
(3) sprout cultivation: treat to be transplanted on the solonchak matrix that salt content is 0.5-1% behind the seed germination, 20～26 ℃ of control temperature, relative moisture is 30%～50%, illumination condition is 750-200lux, supply with the sufficient moisture of plant every day, to ensure the normal growth of plant; The Festuca Arundinacea plant cradles the neat matrix of lawn plant after cultivating 35d, and root is clean with distilled water flushing, blots plant surface moisture, places the 30min that completes under 105 ℃ of conditions of baking oven, dries to constant weight for 80 ℃, measures the salt-resistance of domestication back Festuca Arundinacea.
2. the described method of claim 1, wherein the adhesive of plant strip for lawn is prepared from for the glutinous rice flour that crushes is dissolved in boiling water.
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