CN101861821B - Rice seedling culture method - Google Patents
Rice seedling culture method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101861821B CN101861821B CN2010101876838A CN201010187683A CN101861821B CN 101861821 B CN101861821 B CN 101861821B CN 2010101876838 A CN2010101876838 A CN 2010101876838A CN 201010187683 A CN201010187683 A CN 201010187683A CN 101861821 B CN101861821 B CN 101861821B
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Abstract
The present invention provides a rice seedling culture method. The rice seedling culture is realized by the steps: 1. paying plastic films through a seedling bed; 2. paving a seedling culture substrate; 3. spraying fertilizer liquid; 4. pre-treating before seeding rice; 5. seeding; 6. covering films; 7. managing the seedling bed; and 8. controlling inset pests at the seedling stage. By adopting the rice seedling culture method to culture rice seedlings, the invention has the advantages of quick seedling emergence, robust seedling bodies, insect pest resistance, developed root system, easy formation of seedling pieces, favorability for mechanical transplantation and quick seedling regrowing and is suitable to be used for rice seedling culture.
Description
Technical field
What the present invention proposed is agriculture field plant cultivation method, specifically paddy seedling culture method.
Background technology
Before the present invention proposed, paddy rice was adopted the soil seeding and seedling raising.Comparatively strict owing to grow seedlings to fertility, gas permeability and the requirement of sick insect pest situation condition of soil, so common soil adds the strong sprout that chemical fertilizer is difficult to bring out no damage by disease and insect, and its root system is flourishing not to the utmost, and the slow seedling in the back of planting is slow, growth rate is slow, directly influences output and the quality of paddy rice.
Normal soil grows seedlings in addition that the shortcoming of a maximum is, during the Cheng Miaohou lifting, the seedling sheet is not easy continuously, the seedling that looses occurs, and not only lifting is loaded down with trivial details, and occurs the seedling sheet easily and be scattered, and more is not easy to machine rice transplantation and plants seedling.
Summary of the invention
In order to overcome the normal soil existing problem of growing seedlings, the present invention proposes the method for seedling cultivation of rice.This method cooperates the bed of growing seedlings that forms by expanded perlite matrix and special fertilizer for seedling culture of paddy rice, solves the technical problem of seedling cultivation of rice.
The scheme that technical solution problem of the present invention is adopted is:
The seedbed is set on the soil according to a conventional method, and the soil in the smooth seedbed, carry out the furrow stalk.
1, plastic foil is laid in the seedbed
Layer of plastic film tiles on the seedbed.
2, shop seedling medium
Seedling medium adopts the expanded perlite granule of particle diameter at 0.2-2mm, and thickness is between 0.5-1.5cm.
3, drench solution
According to 1: 100 dilution proportion special fertilizer for seedling culture of paddy rice of mass ratio, evenly drench in the seedbed, per 50 square metres of seedbeds evenly irrigate the seedbed with clear water then with fertile 500 grams of growing seedlings, reach water content be saturated to do not flow out till.
4, paddy rice kind presowing treatment
4.1, seed selection, with the floating seed selection of sodium-chloride water solution of mass ratio 10%.
4.2, bask seeds, the rice paddy seed that salt solution is selected with flushing with clean water after, bask seeds in the sun, make its moisture content reach consistent.
4.3, germination test, in constant incubator, carry out germination test.Determine seeding quantity.
4.4, seed pelleting, rice paddy seed floods after 1 hour in seed coating medicine solution and carries out seed pelleting.
The preparation of seed coating medicine: it is in 5% the acetum that 1 kilogram of chitin through alkaline treatment is joined 10 kilograms mass percent, make seed coating medicine solution, the penta sodium pentachlorophenate bactericide that in 1 kilogram of solution, adds 0.1 kilogram, the trichlorfon pesticide solution that adds 0.1 kilogram is again made 1.2 kilograms living beings seed pelleting agent solution.
4.5, seed soaking, will in clear water, soak seed through the rice paddy seed of seed coating medicine processing.
The control of seed soaking water temperature: water temperature is soaked seed at 10-30 ℃.
4.6, vernalization, under 30-32 ℃ temperature condition, carry out vernalization, make seed grow gemma, when 70% seed exposes gemma, be cooled to 25-30 ℃, through 12-14 hour, when bud root length arrives 0.2cm, to be put into the bud 1 day of drying in the air under the natural temperature condition through the seed of vernalization, through the rice paddy seed of the bud that drying in the air as sowing with kind.
5, sowing
Seeds treated evenly is sprinkling upon above the matrix in seedbed, the mixture with matrix and fine sand covers seed then.
5.1, the determining of seeding quantity, be example with the paddy rice of 11 leaf kinds, thousand kernel weight 26 grams, bud ratio be more than 95% every square metre with 0.6 kilogram of dried seed rice.
5.2, the determining of sowing time, the stable sowing during by 6 ℃ of daily mean temperature.
5.3, seeding quantity, the 11 leaf kinds that rice shoot 3.5-4 leaf is transplanted are broadcast 0.8 kilogram of bud kind for every square metre.
5.4, broadcast even sowing, every square centimeter is no more than 4 bud paddy.
5.5, lid kind, plant after bud broadcasts, with the mixture lid of matrix and fine sand kind, it is 0.5-1cm that lid is planted thickness.
6, epiphragma.
, as the heat and moisture preserving film seedbed is built with plastic film, play the heat and moisture preserving effect.
7, seedbed management.
7.1, temperature treatment, temperature of shed after planting seals plastic greenhouse, heat and moisture preserving mainly by Ventilation Control.Temperature is 28-30 ℃ under the control plastic foil.
7.2, moisture management, when reaching 30%, throw off the heat and moisture preserving film, spray band rich water when emerging, to guarantee out full stand, after seedling all sprouts, cooperate fertilising to supply moisture content, guaranteeing has water on the counterdie for a long time, can irritate sufficient water when rice shoot grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, guarantees long-term water on the counterdie later on.
7.3, topdress, take off that water for the first time behind the film must subsidiary seedling cultivation of rice fertilizer, per 50 square metres with fertile 500 grams of growing seedlings.Water band rich water later on weekly 1 time, every 20-25 square metre with fertile 500 grams of growing seedlings, and the dissolving back evenly is sprayed on the bed surface with watering can.
8, sprout term disease control
8.1, control blue or green withered seedling:
Control temperature and take off film in good time, prevent that the rice shoot environment temperature from sharply descending or temperature surpasses 35 ℃, control seedling bed temperature at 20-30 ℃.Adjust medium of seedling bed pH value between 6.5-7 by copperas solution or acidic fertilizier.
8.2, yellow withered seedling:
Yellow withered seedling method of controlling is to reduce fertilizing amount and permeable at the seedbed top-pour.
8.3, withered dead seedling:
Withered dead seedling method of controlling is the seedbed to be watered permeable, keeps water content more than 50%.
Good effect adopts paddy seedling culture method of the present invention to carry out seedling cultivation of rice, and it is fast to realize emerging, seedling body stalwartness, and disease and insect resistance and well developed root system form continuous seedling sheet easily, help mechanization transplanting, and slow seedling is fast after transplanting.Use when suiting as seedling cultivation of rice.
Embodiment
The seedbed is set on the soil according to a conventional method, and the soil in the smooth seedbed, carry out the furrow stalk.
1, plastic foil is laid in the seedbed
Layer of plastic film tiles on the seedbed.
2, shop seedling medium
Seedling medium adopts the expanded perlite granule of particle diameter at 0.2-2mm, and thickness is between 0.5-1.5cm.
Expanded perlite matrix can expand with 40-110 purpose perlite ore and make, and also can pulverize after perlite ore Pengization again, makes the expanded perlite of 0.2-2mm, as matrix.
3, drench solution
According to 1: 100 dilution proportion special fertilizer for seedling culture of paddy rice of mass ratio, evenly drench in the seedbed, per 50 square metres of seedbeds evenly irrigate the seedbed with clear water then with fertile 500 grams of growing seedlings, reach water content be saturated to do not flow out till.
The prescription of used seedling cultivation of rice fertilizer is: press mass ratio, get ammonium sulfate 30-40, MAP 20-30, potassium sulphate 20-30, zinc sulphate 5-8, calcium sulphate 5-8, humus 15-20, urea 5-10, ferrous sulfate 1-2, boric acid 0.5-1.0, copper sulphate 1-2 and S-abscisic acid 0.05-0.1, mix.
4, rice growing pre-treatment
4.1, seed selection, with the floating seed selection of sodium-chloride water solution of mass ratio 10%, the flat kind of floating in the removing, pull the treasured kind of sedimentation out, the treasured kind is cleaned up with clear water, as sowing with kind.
4.2, bask seeds, the rice paddy seed that salt solution is selected is basked seeds in the sun, make its moisture content reach consistent.
4.3, germination test, in constant incubator, carry out germination test, 25 ℃ of germination temperatures, 24 hours time, reach the time after, take out sample, observe germination rate and germination vigor, the seed germination rate reaches more than 80%, and the vigorous seed of germination vigor is as growing seedlings seed, according to germination test, determine seeding quantity.
4.4, seed pelleting, will through the seed selection rice paddy seed in seed coating medicine solution, flood 1 hour after, natural seasoning becomes the dressing rice paddy seed.
The preparation of seed coating medicine: it is in 5% the acetum that 1 kilogram of chitin through alkaline treatment is joined 10 kilograms mass percent, make seed coating medicine solution, the penta sodium pentachlorophenate bactericide that in 1 kilogram of solution, adds 0.1 kilogram, the trichlorfon pesticide solution that adds 0.1 kilogram is again made 1.2 kilograms living beings seed pelleting agent solution.
4.5, seed soaking, will in clear water, soak seed through the rice paddy seed of seed coating medicine processing.
Seed soaking water temperature control: water temperature needs seed soaking 1-2 days for 30 ℃, during 20 ℃ of water temperatures, needs seed soaking 3-4 days, during 10 ℃ of water temperatures, needs seed soaking 8 days.
4.6, vernalization, under 30-32 ℃ temperature condition, carry out vernalization, make seed grow gemma, when 70% seed exposes gemma, be cooled to 25-30 ℃, through 12-14 hour, when bud root length arrives 0.2cm, stop vernalization, will be put into the bud 1 day of drying in the air under the natural temperature condition through the seed of vernalization, through the rice paddy seed of the bud that drying in the air as sowing with kind.
5, sowing
Seeds treated evenly is sprinkling upon above the matrix in seedbed, the mixture with matrix and fine sand covers seed then.
The preparation of matrix and fine sand mixture: particle diameter is mixed and stirred in fine sand and the matrix of 1-2mm, and fine sand and matrix volumetric ratio are 5: 1.
5.1, the determining of seeding quantity, be example with the paddy rice of 11 leaf kinds, thousand kernel weight 26 grams, bud ratio be more than 95% every square metre with 0.6 kilogram of dried seed rice.
5.2, the determining of sowing time, daily mean temperature is stable is advisable by 6 ℃, also can determine according to the rice transplanting date.If the following early-maturing variety of 12 leaves, suitable seedling age are 30-35, machine transplanting of rice seedling is 35 days, 12-15 leaf medium variety, and suitable seedling age is 35-40.
5.3, seeding quantity, the 11 leaf kinds that rice shoot 3.5-4 leaf is transplanted are to adapt to the machine transplanting of rice, sowing is broadcast 0.8 kilogram of bud kind with every square metre.
5.4, evenly sowing, every square centimeter is no more than 4 bud paddy and is advisable, seeding quantity can suitably be strengthened to increase the field seedling number that falls in saline and alkaline area.
5.5, lid kind, plant after bud broadcasts, with the mixture lid of matrix and fine sand kind, it is 0.5-1cm that lid is planted thickness.Lid sprays water 1 time after planting again, makes lid kind of layer drenched.
6, epiphragma.
, as the heat and moisture preserving film seedbed is built with plastic film, play the heat and moisture preserving effect.
7, seedbed management.
7.1, temperature treatment, temperature of shed after planting seals plastic greenhouse, heat and moisture preserving mainly by Ventilation Control.Temperature is 28-30 ℃ under the control plastic foil.If surpass at 30 o'clock, aeration-cooling, emerging reaches at 30% o'clock, and temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, and the 1.5-2.5 leaf phase, daytime temperature remains on 20 ℃, keeps with ambient temperature adapting later on, and plant height is no more than 15 centimetres when guaranteeing the rice shoot rice transplanting.
7.2, moisture management, when reaching 30%, throw off the heat and moisture preserving film, spray band rich water when emerging, to guarantee out full stand, after seedling all sprouts, cooperate fertilising to supply moisture content, guaranteeing has water to be advisable on the counterdie for a long time, can irritate sufficient water when rice shoot grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, guarantees long-term water on the counterdie later on.
Rice transplanting can stop to supply water the previous day, in order to transportation and rice transplanting operation, guarantees that the rice shoot coring is dried.
7.3, topdress, take off that water for the first time behind the film must subsidiary seedling cultivation of rice fertilizer, per 50 square metres with fertile 500 grams of growing seedlings.Water band rich water later on weekly 1 time, every 20-25 square metre with fertile 500 grams of growing seedlings, and the dissolving back evenly is sprayed on the bed surface with watering can.
8, sprout term disease control
Sprout term disease mainly contains 3 kinds of blue or green withered, yellow withered, withered dead seedlings.
8.1, control blue or green withered seedling:
Control temperature and take off film in good time, blue or green withered seedling phenomenon pilosity prevents rapid decline of rice shoot environment temperature or temperature above 35 ℃ before and after 2 leaves, 1 heart of rice seedling, by proper ventilation control seedling bed temperature, guarantee that temperature is at 20-30 ℃.And water the water of revealing the exact details, take off film in good time.
The control infection process started also in 1 heart stage of 2 leaves, adjusted medium of seedling bed pH value between 6.5-7 by copperas solution or acidic fertilizier.
8.2, yellow withered seedling:
, reduce fertilizing amount and water sufficient water in 1 heart to the 2 leaf phase of 1 leaf at rice seedling, dilution fertilizer.
8.3, withered dead seedling:
Mostly occur at the rice seedling of 3 leaves after the phase, reason is that moisture content is under-supply, the seedbed is watered permeable, keeps water content more than 50%.
Comparative trial
Carry out seedling cultivation of rice with normal soil and chemical fertilizer according to a conventional method as seedling cultivation of rice matrix and compare, oppose than test with paddy seedling culture method of the present invention.
Test shows:
The seedling-cultivating method comparison that this patent adopted is shone:
1, saving is grown seedlings with planting 15%;
2, seedling-growing time is 1-2 days in advance;
3, become seedling 3-5 days in advance;
4, shoot root grows 3-5cm;
5, seedling body stalwartness, it is many to tiller;
6, the seedling colour purity just, dark green;
7, damage by disease and insect does not appear;
8, rice shoot in flakes, lifting is easy;
9, during machine rice transplantation, rice shoot separates cluster easily, improves rice transplanting efficient.Shift to an earlier date transplanting seedling time;
10, after the use paddy rice seedling that this method brought out is planted, can make rice paddy seed volume increase 10-20%.
Claims (1)
1. paddy seedling culture method is provided with the seedbed according to a conventional method on the soil, and the soil in the smooth seedbed, carries out the furrow ridge, it is characterized in that:
(1), plastic foil is laid in the seedbed
Layer of plastic film tiles on the seedbed;
(2), shop seedling medium
Seedling medium adopts the expanded perlite granule of particle diameter at 0.2-2mm, and thickness is between 0.5-1.5cm;
Expanded perlite matrix used that the perlite ore of 40-110 mesh sieve is expanded to be made, perhaps with perlite ore expanded after, pulverize again, make the expanded perlite of 0.2-2mm, as matrix;
(3), drench solution
According to 1: 100 dilution proportion seedling cultivation of rice fertilizer of mass ratio, evenly drench in the seedbed, per 50 square metres of seedbeds evenly irrigate the seedbed with clear water then with fertile 500 grams of seedling cultivation of rice, reach water content be saturated to do not flow out till;
The prescription of used seedling cultivation of rice fertilizer is: press mass ratio, get ammonium sulfate 30-40, MAP 20-30, potassium sulphate 20-30, zinc sulphate 5-8, calcium sulphate 5-8, humus 15-20, urea 5-10, ferrous sulfate 1-2, boric acid 0.5-1.0, copper sulphate 1-2 and S-abscisic acid 0.05-0.1, mix;
(4), rice growing pre-treatment
(4.1), seed selection, with the floating seed selection of sodium-chloride water solution of mass ratio 10%, the flat kind of floating in the removing, pull the full seed rice of sedimentation out, full seed rice is cleaned up with clear water, as sowing with kind;
(4.2), bask seeds, the rice paddy seed that salt solution is selected is basked seeds in the sun, make the rice paddy seed moisture content reach consistent;
(4.3), germination test, in constant incubator, carry out germination test, 15 ℃ of germination temperatures, 24 hours time, reach the time after, take out sample, observe germination rate and germination vigor, percentage of seedgermination reaches more than 80%, and the vigorous seed of germination vigor is as growing seedlings seed, according to germination test, determine seeding quantity;
(4.4), seed pelleting, will through the seed selection rice paddy seed in seed coating medicine solution, flood 1 hour after, natural seasoning becomes the dressing rice paddy seed;
The preparation of seed coating medicine: it is in 5% the acetum that 1 kilogram of chitin through alkaline treatment is joined 10 kilograms mass percent, make seed coating medicine solution, the penta sodium pentachlorophenate bactericide that in 1 kilogram of solution, adds 0.1 kilogram, the trichlorfon pesticide solution that adds 0.1 kilogram is again made 1.2 kilograms living beings seed pelleting agent solution;
(4.5), seed soaking, will in clear water, soak seed through the rice paddy seed of seed coating medicine processing;
Seed soaking water temperature control: water temperature needs seed soaking 1-2 days for 30 ℃, during 20 ℃ of water temperatures, needs seed soaking 3-4 days, during 10 ℃ of water temperatures, needs seed soaking 8 days;
(4.6), vernalization, under 30-32 ℃ temperature condition, carry out vernalization, make seed grow gemma, when 70% seed exposes gemma, be cooled to 25-30 ℃, through 12-14 hour, when bud root length arrives 0.2cm, stop vernalization, will be put into the bud 1 day of drying in the air under the natural temperature condition through the seed of vernalization, through the rice paddy seed of the bud that drying in the air as sowing with kind;
(5), sowing
Seeds treated evenly is sprinkling upon above the matrix in seedbed, the mixture with matrix and fine sand covers seed then;
The preparation of matrix and fine sand mixture: particle diameter is mixed and stirred in fine sand and the matrix of 1-2mm, and fine sand and matrix volumetric ratio are 5: 1;
(5.1), the determining of seeding quantity, be example with the rice paddy seed of 11 leaf kinds, thousand kernel weight 26 grams, bud ratio be more than 95% every square metre with 0.6 kilogram of dried seed rice;
(5.2), the determining of sowing time, daily mean temperature is stable during by 6 ℃, perhaps determines according to the rice transplanting date; The following early-maturing variety of 12 leaves, seedling age are 30-35 days, and machine transplanting of rice seedling is 35 days, 12-15 leaf medium variety, and seedling age is 35-40 days;
(5.3), seeding quantity, the 11 leaf kinds that rice shoot 3.5-4 leaf is transplanted for adapting to the machine transplanting of rice, are broadcast 0.8 kilogram of bud kind for every square metre;
(5.4), evenly sowing, every square centimeter is no more than 4 bud paddy, seeding quantity is strengthened to increase the field seedling number that falls in saline and alkaline area;
(5.5), lid kind, plant after bud broadcasts, with the mixture lid of matrix and fine sand kind, it is 0.5-1cm that lid is planted thickness; Lid sprays water 1 time after planting again, makes lid kind of layer drenched;
(6), epiphragma
, as the heat and moisture preserving film seedbed is built with plastic film, play the heat and moisture preserving effect;
(7), seedbed management
(7.1), temperature treatment, temperature of shed after planting seals plastic greenhouse, heat and moisture preserving mainly by Ventilation Control; Temperature is 28-30 ℃ under the control plastic foil; When temperature surpassed 30 ℃, aeration-cooling, emerging reached at 30% o'clock, and temperature is controlled at 20-25 ℃, and the 1.5-2.5 leaf phase, daytime temperature remains on 20 ℃, keeps with ambient temperature adapting later on, and plant height is no more than 15 centimetres when guaranteeing the rice shoot rice transplanting;
(7.2), moisture management, when reaching 30%, throw off the heat and moisture preserving film, spray band rich water when emerging, to guarantee out full stand, after seedling all sprouts, cooperate fertilising to supply moisture content, guaranteeing has water on the counterdie for a long time, can irritate sufficient water when rice shoot grows to 1 leaf, 1 heart, guarantees long-term water on the counterdie later on;
(7.3), topdress, take off that water for the first time behind the film must subsidiary seedling cultivation of rice fertilizer, per 50 square metres with fertile 500 grams of seedling cultivation of rice; Water band rich water later on weekly 1 time, every 20-25 square metre with fertile 500 grams of growing seedlings, and the dissolving back evenly is sprayed on the bed surface with watering can;
(8), sprout term disease control
(8.1), the blue or green withered seedling of control:
By proper ventilation control seedling bed temperature, guarantee that temperature is at 20-30 ℃; And water the water of revealing the exact details, and take off film in good time, control blue or green withered seedling;
Adjust medium of seedling bed pH value between 6.5-7 by copperas solution or acidic fertilizier, the control infection process;
(8.2), yellow withered seedling:
Reduce fertilizing amount and water the yellow withered seedling of sufficient water management fertilizer damage;
(8.3), withered dead seedling:
The seedbed is watered permeable, keep water content more than 50%, the withered dead seedling of control.
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| CN2010101876838A CN101861821B (en) | 2009-09-14 | 2010-05-19 | Rice seedling culture method |
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| CN200910187346.6 | 2009-09-14 | ||
| CN200910187346A CN101702996A (en) | 2009-09-14 | 2009-09-14 | Paddy seedling culture method |
| CN2010101876838A CN101861821B (en) | 2009-09-14 | 2010-05-19 | Rice seedling culture method |
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| CN101861821A CN101861821A (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| CN101861821B true CN101861821B (en) | 2011-08-31 |
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Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1024486C (en) * | 1992-06-30 | 1994-05-18 | 沈阳农业大学 | Method for growing seedling of rice |
| CN1180473A (en) * | 1997-11-11 | 1998-05-06 | 湖北省农业科学院农业现代化研究所 | Rice growing seedlings method |
-
2009
- 2009-09-14 CN CN200910187346A patent/CN101702996A/en active Pending
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2010
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109169234A (en) * | 2018-11-22 | 2019-01-11 | 遵义驰宇御园生态农业开发有限公司 | A kind of Novel rice seeding method |
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| CN101861821A (en) | 2010-10-20 |
| CN101702996A (en) | 2010-05-12 |
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