CN114711111A - Saline-alkali soil rice cultivation method - Google Patents
Saline-alkali soil rice cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN114711111A CN114711111A CN202210403617.2A CN202210403617A CN114711111A CN 114711111 A CN114711111 A CN 114711111A CN 202210403617 A CN202210403617 A CN 202210403617A CN 114711111 A CN114711111 A CN 114711111A
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Toxicology (AREA)
- Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil, which comprises the following steps: the invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil, which can greatly improve the survival rate of seedling cultivation, shorten the seedling cultivation time and the seedling cultivation cost, improve the germination vigor of rice seeds by adopting pre-sunning, ensure that the germination is uniform, ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong, and then select through specific gravity water, improve the integral disease resistance of the seedling cultivation, adopt a perfect aloe multipurpose cleaning agent for seed soaking, meet the development of ecological agriculture while deeply sterilizing, match the scientific management of moisture of seedling cultivation management and land preparation fertilization, further reduce the seedling cultivation period and reduce the seedling cultivation cost, has obvious economic benefit and is suitable for agricultural popularization.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of rice planting, in particular to a method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil.
Background
The saline-alkali soil is a kind of salt accumulation, which means that the salt contained in the soil influences the normal growth of crops, and according to the incomplete statistics of the textbook organization and the grain and agriculture organization of the united nations, the area of the saline-alkali soil all over the world is 9.5438 hundred million hectares, wherein 9913 million hectares are in China. The formation of alkaline earth and alkalized soil in China is mostly related to the accumulation of carbonate in the soil, so that the alkalization degree is generally high, and plants in serious saline-alkaline earth regions can hardly survive;
with the development of agriculture, the problems of low rice yield, poor planting economic benefit, lack of efficient cultivation technology and the like are gradually highlighted, wherein the seedling culture of the rice in the saline-alkali soil is difficult to become a problem to be solved in urgent need.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil, and mainly aims to solve the problem that the existing rice is difficult to grow seedlings in the saline-alkali soil.
The technical scheme of the invention is that the method for cultivating the rice in the saline-alkali soil comprises the following steps:
s1, selecting and treating seeds:
a. and (3) airing seeds:
before 10 days of seedling culture, selecting sunning in sunny weather for 2-3 days, and turning over for several times every day;
b. selecting seeds by using specific gravity water:
preparing specific gravity water with salt or yellow mud or ammonium sulfate solution to obtain solution with specific gravity of 1.13, pouring seeds into the specific gravity water, selecting good seeds, and cleaning with clear water;
c. seed soaking:
soaking the rice seeds for 7 days by adopting 300 times of perfect multipurpose solution, and completely killing seed epidermis and even deep-level germs;
s2, rice seedling raising and management:
a. preparing a seedbed land before sowing:
selecting a high and dry terrain with low underground water level which is favorable for irrigation and drainage as a rice seedling raising field, building a greenhouse or artificially raising the seedling raising field by adopting a lump land higher than the ground level, arranging the seedling raising greenhouse in advance, preparing a mechanical seedling transplanting disc, preparing a 30-40-machine seedling transplanting disc per mu, shallowly turning a placing bed by 10cm, removing roots and stubbles, crushing soil, and rolling and flattening;
b. preparing seedling culture soil: the seedling substrate special for the finished product organic or the granular soil and the special organic fertilizer are adopted for preparation;
c. sowing:
and (3) sowing time: sowing can be carried out when the average temperature is stable at 5-6 ℃ on the day, and the bottom water must be thoroughly poured by a preposed bed for sowing;
seeding rate: adopting thin sowing to cultivate strong seedlings, wherein seeds with the germination rate of more than 90 percent are sowed in 80 g per plate;
mechanical seeding: adopting professional rice seedling raising assembly line mechanical seeding, making the ratio of the thickness of the bottom soil to the thickness of the covering soil 2 during seeding: 1;
d. seedbed management:
temperature management: sealing and preserving heat before seedling emergence, starting ventilation and seedling hardening from seedling emergence to the stage of one leaf and one heart, controlling the temperature in the shed to be 25-28 ℃, gradually increasing ventilation quantity after two leaves and one heart, controlling the temperature to be 18-25 ℃, controlling the lower limit temperature of rice growth to be 13 ℃ and the upper limit temperature to be 33 ℃, and managing according to the temperature;
water content management: moisture preservation management before seedling emergence, uncovering the film and drying the bed in time when the water is accumulated on the bed surface, watering in time when the bed surface is dry and cracked to achieve moisture preservation and no water accumulation, and taking the water spitting of the leaf tips in the early morning as a reference state for drought tube seedlings.
And (3) timely fertilizing: 50 g of ammonium sulfate per square meter is used for flushing the seedlings with water every week from seedling alignment, the nutrients of the seedlings are supplemented, and the dosage of the ammonium sulfate is increased by 15 percent once every week until transplanting;
and (3) disease control: keeping the pH value of the seedbed within 4.5 permanently and stably, avoiding the propagation of the rhizoctonia solani, spraying 50 ml of organic bactericide every 200 square meters and 30 kg of water to the 2.5-leaf stage and the 3.5-leaf stage of the rice seedlings respectively to prevent the rhizoctonia solani or taking the medicine when the disease occurs, and keeping the temperature of a greenhouse after taking the medicine;
s3, soil preparation and base fertilizer application:
50 kilograms of multi-element organic fertilizer, 40 kilograms of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 1 kilogram of high-quality zinc sulfate and 20 kilograms of saline-alkali degradation fertilizer are used per mu, all the fertilizers are subjected to rotary tillage and soil penetration once, the land is leveled by a laser land leveler before transplanting in a heavy saline-alkali land, pulping is not performed after field soaking, direct seedling transplanting is performed, the phenomenon that mud is generated to enable seedlings to sink and cause dead seedlings is avoided, field soaking can be performed while pulping is performed without thoroughly soaking the land;
s4, transplanting:
time: the seedlings in the saline-alkali soil are suitable for late planting at proper time, and the seedling is most suitable for the middle ten days to the end ten days of the month 5;
density: planting 5-7 basic seedlings per hole according to the seedling robustness degree by selecting 9 x 4 inches according to the land fertility;
quality: transplanting seedlings are uniform, straight and neat, seedlings do not float, do not sink and have the depth of less than 2 cm, and field checking and seedling supplementing are carried out in time after the seedlings are transplanted;
s5, rice field topdressing:
turning green fertilizer: 2-3 days after the rice transplanting, after 10 kilograms of multi-element organic fertilizer are used for each mu of rice transplanting for 7 days, 1 kilogram of potassium fertilizer is uniformly applied per mu, and the water retention layer is used for one week;
and (3) tillering fertilizer: 30 kilograms of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied in the middle ten days of the month 6;
ear fertilization: in the last 7 th month, 10 kg of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied;
granular fertilizer: 10 kilograms of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied in 8 middle ten days of the month;
s6, water management:
when transplanting, the rice seedlings can be transplanted in water without exposing mud;
when in green returning, the deep water green returning water is deep, the seedling filling height is 2/3 deep water green returning, and the normal water filling is carried out after 3-5 days;
turning green to 6 late month, irrigating water, moisturizing and protecting leaves, and promoting early growth and fast growth;
3-inch deep water fetus protection at booting stage, and watering for 1-2-inch after heading until yellow maturity;
s7, harvesting:
the optimal harvest period is that 90% of the seeds of the rice are mature, and 10% of the seeds are green after husking.
Preferably, in step S1, a rice variety suitable for local high-yield and high-quality cultivation is selected, a germination test is performed after the variety is purchased, and the seed with the germination rate of 85% is qualified.
Preferably, in step S2, when the seedbed is alkaline and cannot be raised, the under-tray non-porous film isolation is required.
Preferably, the process of configuring seedling raising soil in step S2 further includes:
taking soil: the soil is selected to be permeable, loose and non-sticky granular soil which cannot be too fine, so that the water permeability is prevented from being influenced;
acid adjustment: the pH value of the seedling soil is adjusted to 4-4.5, and the acid adjusting material can be any one of sulfuric acid, acetic acid and wood vinegar.
Nutrition: adopting enough seedling strengthening agent or enough fertilizer to make the seedlings strong;
mixing: and (4) uniformly mixing.
Preferably, in the sowing process of the step S2, the seedbed is sowed and covered with soil without watering, the closed weeding is directly carried out, and the mulching film or the non-woven fabric is used for orderly covering, so that the strong seedlings are favorably cultivated.
Preferably, the bed management process of step S2 further includes weeding the bed.
Preferably, in the process of turning green manure in the step S5, when weather is bad to affect seedling revival, 8 kg of ammonium sulfate can be supplemented.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: the saline-alkali soil rice cultivation method can greatly improve the survival rate of seedling cultivation, simultaneously shortens the seedling cultivation time and the seedling cultivation cost, adopts pre-sunning to improve the germination potential of rice seeds, enables the seedlings to sprout neatly, selects the seedlings evenly and strongly through specific gravity water, improves the integral disease resistance of seedling cultivation, adopts perfect aloe multipurpose cleaning agent to soak the seeds, can deeply sterilize, simultaneously accords with the development of ecological agriculture, combines scientific management moisture of seedling cultivation management, soil preparation and fertilization, can further reduce the seedling cultivation period, reduces the seedling cultivation cost, has remarkable economic benefit, and is suitable for agricultural popularization.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to the following examples.
S1, variety selection and processing
Well prepared germination test
A rice variety suitable for local high-yield and high-quality cultivation is selected, a germination test is carried out after the variety is purchased, the germination rate is 85% of qualified seeds, and the rice seed germination rate is better to be larger than 98%.
Seed drying
Before 10 days of seedling culture, sunny weather sunflowers are selected for 2-3 days, and the sunflowers are turned frequently every day, so that firstly, partial germs on the seed epidermis can be killed by sunlight ultraviolet rays, and meanwhile, the seed moisture content can be consistent, the improvement of the germination vigor of rice seeds is facilitated, the germination is neat, and the seedlings are uniform and strong.
(1) The sun seeds can promote the after-ripening of seeds and improve the activity of enzyme. After the rice seeds are harvested, due to different drying degrees of the seeds, if the seeds absorb moisture, the germination potential can be influenced, the germination capacity of the seeds can be weakened, and the germination rate is reduced. After the seeds are sunned, the moisture of the seeds is kept consistent, so that the seeds can absorb water uniformly during seed soaking, and the seeds can germinate neatly.
(2) The seeds need sufficient oxygen for germination, and the sunned seeds can promote oxygen to enter the seeds and catalyze starch to be degraded into soluble sugar so as to promote the respiration of the seed embryo and the formation of new cells of radicles and buds. Is beneficial to strengthening seedlings, developing root systems and obviously enhancing disease resistance.
(3) Short-wave light in the solar spectrum such as ultraviolet rays has bactericidal capacity, so that the sun seeds have a certain bactericidal effect. We often neglect the simple principle, so that the seeds germinate unevenly, and the seedlings are weak and disease-resistant.
Rice seedling raising
Specific gravity water seed selection
The specific gravity water seed selection before the rice seeding is advocated for a long time because the seeds of the rice selected by the specific gravity water are full and uniform, the seedlings emerge regularly and robustly, the disease resistance is obviously enhanced, the low-node tillering is more after the strong seedlings are transplanted, and the high and stable yield is more facilitated.
(1) The specific gravity water seed soaking has the advantages that: the salt or yellow mud or ammonium sulfate solution is used for preparing the specific gravity water, and the solution with the specific gravity of 1.13 is prepared preferably. Selecting seeds by using the specific gravity water, wherein the seeds are completely filled and have large specific gravity when being poured into the specific gravity water with proper concentration because the specific gravity of the seeds is different from that of the specific gravity water with the same volume; unqualified seeds such as shriveled grains, broken grains and the like can float on the water surface due to small specific gravity, so that excellent seeds can be selected.
(2) The proportioning method comprises the following steps: the concentration of the heavy water is preferably measured by a gravimeter when the seeds are selected by the method. If no hydrometer is available, a fresh egg can be placed on the dissolved specific gravity water surface, the egg floats on the water surface, and the specific gravity water is prepared when 5 coins are exposed, namely about 1.13. In addition, it should be noted that the specific gravity water is continuously used for a plurality of times, the concentration, namely the specific gravity, is lower and lower, and salt or yellow mud or ammonium sulfate should be added for supplement in time to prevent influencing the seed selection quality. Selecting seeds with the specific gravity water, and then washing the seeds with clear water.
4. Seed soaking
In consideration of ecological agriculture, the perfect aloe multipurpose cleaning agent is adopted for seed soaking, the effect is very good, and the cost is not higher than that of the common seed soaking pesticide.
The perfect multipurpose unique formula which is composed of the main components of anionic surfactant, coconut oil derivative, aloe extract, antibacterial agent and the like enables the detergent to have multiple cleaning functions, not only has wide washing application and obvious effect, but also does not damage skin while removing microorganism and household dirt due to the environment-friendly formula. The unique sterilization function can completely kill harmful bacteria attached to the seed epidermis, effectively prevent the occurrence of rice bakanae disease and ensure that the seedlings are uniform and strong.
The concentration formula comprises: the use is diluted, the economy and the practicability are realized, and the effect is better; the environment-friendly formula does not contain phosphate, and the surfactant has good biological decomposition performance, so that the ecological environment is protected; natural quality-containing coconut oil derivatives and aloe extract, mild in nature;
the efficacy is unique: the adopted world-popular antibacterial agent can remove pollutants and is beneficial to health;
perfect quality: the efficacy is unique, the use is safe, and the smell is fragrant; the washing machine has wide application range, has various cleaning functions, and is widely used for various household washing, such as: the cleaning agent can be used for cleaning household articles such as floors, walls, tiles, bathtubs, glass, wooden furniture, plastic products and the like, and can also be used for washing cars, hands and the like.
The use is convenient: the 300 times perfect multipurpose solution is used for soaking rice seeds for 7 days, completely kills the seed epidermis and even deep-level germs, and can be used for germination accelerating and sowing or direct sowing without germination accelerating.
S2, raising rice seedlings and managing
1. Preparing a seedbed land before sowing:
the seedling raising field is higher, the terrain is high and dry, the underground water level is low, and the irrigation and drainage are favorable, so that the seedling raising field is the preferred condition of the rice seedling raising field. The greenhouse is preferably built by adopting a lump land higher than the ground level, otherwise, the seedling raising field needs to be artificially raised. If the seedbed is too high for the alkaline land to be bedding, an under-tray non-porous membrane insulation is required. And (4) arranging the seedling raising greenhouse in advance, preparing the mechanical seedling transplanting disc, and preparing 30-40 mechanical seedling transplanting discs per mu. The bed is turned shallow by 10cm, and then the stubble is removed, the soil is crushed, and the soil is pressed and leveled.
Preparing seedling culture soil: the seedling substrate special for the finished product organic fertilizer or the granular soil and the special organic fertilizer are adopted for self preparation.
(1) Taking out soil actually: the soil is selected to be transparent, loose and non-sticky granular soil. Not too thin, avoiding affecting the water permeability. The preparation of the rice seedling raising soil needs to obtain materials nearby, is diversified and does not cause more restriction on the rice seedling raising soil. The straw fertilizer, the green fertilizer and the stacking fertilizer in rural areas can be used. With the progress of the technology, various rice seedling raising substrates are continuously promoted to be new. However, the rice seedling raising matrix is also used by resources such as grass carbon and the like, and is inexhaustible, and the method supports the utilization of rural ecological resources to produce seedling raising soil by self, not only cultivates the capability of overcoming difficulties, but also can enable certain wastes in rural areas to be used.
(2) Adjusting acid with proper amount: the PH value of the seedling raising soil is adjusted to 4-4.5 if necessary. The acid regulating material is various, and sulfuric acid, acetic acid, wood vinegar, dry West lake nutritious acid soil, etc. can be used.
(3) Sufficient nutrition: enough seedling strengthening agent or enough fertilizer can make seedlings strong. If the dry West lake organic fertilizer is used, 250-300 g of organic fertilizer is mixed in each square meter of seedling area.
(4) Uniformly mixing: if the rice seedlings are mixed evenly, even and strong rice seedlings are difficult to cultivate.
3. Timely sowing
(1) And (3) sowing time: and sowing can be carried out when the average daily temperature is stable and passes 5-6 ℃, and the optimal sowing time of the rice in the inner Mongolia area in northeast is from the last ten days of 3 months to the last ten days of 4 months. The pre-bed for seeding is necessary to water the bottom water.
(2) Seeding rate: the seeds with the germination rate of more than 90 percent are sowed in a row of 80 g seeds.
(3) Mechanical seeding: adopts a special rice seedling raising assembly line for mechanical sowing. The bottom soil and the soil covering thickness are well held during sowing, and the ratio of the bottom soil to the soil covering thickness is 2: 1.
as far as possible, the seedbed is sowed and covered with soil, and then is not watered, and the field is directly sealed for weeding, and is preferably covered by mulching films or non-woven fabrics in order, so that strong seedlings can be cultivated. If the sowing time is earlier, the seeds are not covered by non-woven fabrics, so that the influence of the slow temperature rise on seedling emergence is avoided. The non-woven fabric is suitable for heat preservation and moisture preservation of the seedling bed later.
4. Seedbed management
(1) Temperature management: sealing and insulating before seedling emergence, ventilating and hardening seedlings from seedling emergence to the stage of one leaf and one heart, controlling the temperature in the greenhouse at 25-28 ℃, gradually increasing ventilation quantity after two leaves and one heart, and preferably controlling the temperature at 18-25 ℃. The lower limit temperature of rice growth is 13 ℃ and the upper limit temperature is 33 ℃, and the temperature management can be carried out.
(2) And (4) water management, namely, the water pipe seedling of the dry farmland is the core of success of dry seedling culture of rice. The watering is not carried out, and the watering frequency is controlled as much as possible. And (3) carrying out moisture preservation management before emergence of seedlings, uncovering a film in time when the water is accumulated on the bed surface, drying the bed in the sun, watering in time when the bed surface is dry and cracked to achieve the moisture preservation and no water accumulation degree, and leading drought pipe seedlings to be in a proper state with water spouting from the leaf tips in the early morning.
(3) And (3) timely fertilizing: 50 g of ammonium sulfate per square meter is used for flushing the seedlings with water every week from seedling alignment, the nutrients of the seedlings are supplemented, and the dosage of the ammonium sulfate is increased by 15 percent once every week until transplanting.
(4) And (3) disease control: keeping the pH value of the seedbed within 4.5, and avoiding the propagation of rhizoctonia solani. 50 ml of special organic bactericide is used per 200 square meters, 30 kg of water is added to the rice seedlings, and the special organic bactericide is sprayed to the rice seedlings for preventing and controlling the rice damping-off at 2.5 leaf stage and 3.5 leaf stage respectively. Or administered in case of disease. After the medicine is applied, the greenhouse is kept warm.
(5) Weeding in a seedbed: if the seed bed is not completely preventing and killing weeds, according to the weed species condition in the later period, the Qianjin or Daojie can be used according to the instruction.
(emphasis is placed on not using well water to mix with chemicals to avoid reducing the effect of use)
S3 soil preparation and base fertilizer application
The dosage of the high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer per mu is 50 kilograms, the dosage of the silicon-calcium fertilizer per mu is 40 kilograms, the high-quality zinc sulfate is 1 kilogram, and the dosage of the saline-alkali degradation fertilizer is 20 kilograms or more and 300 kilograms according to the requirement. (the saline-alkali degradation fertilizer is a part of saline-alkali soil restoration set, can degrade saline and alkali, can inhibit the occurrence of alkali return, provides partial trace element nutrition for crops and promotes the absorption of nutrient substances).
And (3) carrying out rotary tillage on all the fertilizers at one time. The land of the heavy saline-alkali soil is leveled by a laser grader before transplanting rice seedlings, pulping is not needed after soaking the land, rice seedlings are directly transplanted, and the phenomenon that the rice seedlings sink to cause dead seedlings due to slurry is avoided. The field can be soaked while beating without soaking the ground thoroughly, and at the moment, the rice field is just soaked for the minimum time of one year of moisture in the rice field, and the field is soaked while beating is carried out in time if the soil is not soaked thoroughly, so that the phenomenon that the rice seedlings sink to influence green turning due to the fact that a large amount of slurry is generated after the beating is too deep can be avoided. (some plots need to solve more problems in the production process, such as how to separate out the salt and alkali and discharge the salt and alkali to the plot)
S4, transplanting
1. Time: the seedlings in saline-alkali soil are suitable for late planting at proper time, and the seedling is most suitable for the middle ten days of the month to the late ten days.
2. Density: the soil fertility is preferably 9 multiplied by 4 inches or other suitable densities, and 5-7 basic seedlings per hole are planted according to the seedling robustness.
3. Quality: the seedlings are evenly, straightly and regularly transplanted, do not float, sink and have the depth of less than 2 cm, and the field is checked and the seedlings are replenished in time after the seedlings are transplanted.
S5 topdressing for rice field
Turning green fertilizer: after 2-3 days of transplanting, 10 kilograms of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied to each mu (8 kilograms of ammonium sulfate can be applied when the weather is bad to influence the seedling revival), 7 days after transplanting, 1 kilogram of pesticide potassium fertilizer is uniformly applied to each mu, and the water retention layer is a week.
If the rice field has dead seedlings, dead seedlings and sunken seedlings, 2.5 to 3 kilograms of healthy rice per mu of whole field or targeted broadcasting is needed to effectively solve the problem in time.
And (3) tillering fertilizer: no. 6 month 15, and 30 kg of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied.
Ear fertilization: no. 1-5 in 7 months, and 10 kilograms of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting way.
Granular fertilizer: no. 8 month 10-No. 8 month 20, and 10 kilograms of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied in a broadcasting way. The fertilizer is recommended to be applied at the same time to be sprayed on foliar fertilizers under the harvest day, the foliar fertilizers are required to be prepared at present, newly-beaten well water is not required to be added with the pesticide, and the spraying time is the best before 10 am and after 4 pm. Avoiding rainy days.
S6 scientific management of water
The total requirement is that the water can not be cut off due to water shortage in the whole irrigation process.
1. When transplanting, the rice seedlings can be transplanted in water without exposing mud;
2. when in green returning, the deep water green returning water needs to be deep, the height of the seedling is 2/3 for the deep water green returning, and the normal water is switched to after 3 to 5 days;
3. turning green to 6 months and 20 days before, irrigating water, moistening and protecting leaves, and promoting early growth and rapid hair growth;
4. 3 cun deep water for fetus protection during booting stage, and 1-2 cun irrigation after ear emergence until yellow maturity.
5. The water is frequently changed according to the recommendation of convenient conditions for drainage and irrigation.
S7, preventing and treating diseases, pests and weeds
The pesticide potash fertilizer has no pest after use. The weeding method is the same as that of the conventional rice cultivation.
S8, harvesting
The optimal harvest period is that 90% of the seeds of the rice are mature, and 10% of the seeds are green after husking.
Note: the mu in the scheme is standard mu, namely 667 square meters.
The above embodiments are merely illustrative of the technical ideas and features of the present invention, and the purpose thereof is to enable those skilled in the art to understand the contents of the present invention and implement the present invention, and not to limit the protection scope of the present invention. All equivalent changes and modifications made according to the spirit of the present invention should be covered within the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (7)
1. A method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, selecting and treating seeds:
a. and (3) airing seeds:
before 10 days of seedling culture, selecting sunning in sunny weather for 2-3 days, and turning over for several times every day;
b. selecting seeds by using specific gravity water:
preparing specific gravity water with salt or yellow mud or ammonium sulfate solution to obtain solution with specific gravity of 1.13, pouring seeds into the specific gravity water, selecting good seeds, and cleaning with clear water;
c. seed soaking:
soaking the rice seeds for 7 days by adopting 300 times of perfect multipurpose solution, and completely killing seed epidermis and even deep-level germs;
s2, rice seedling raising and management:
a. preparing a seedbed land before sowing:
selecting a high and dry terrain with low underground water level which is favorable for irrigation and drainage as a rice seedling raising field, building a greenhouse or artificially raising the seedling raising field by adopting a lump land higher than the ground level, arranging the seedling raising greenhouse in advance, preparing a mechanical seedling transplanting disc, preparing a 30-40-machine seedling transplanting disc per mu, shallowly turning a placing bed by 10cm, removing roots and stubbles, crushing soil, and rolling and flattening;
b. preparing seedling culture soil: the seedling substrate special for the finished product organic or the granular soil and the special organic fertilizer are adopted for preparation;
c. sowing:
and (3) sowing time: sowing can be carried out when the average temperature is stable at 5-6 ℃ on the day, and the bottom water must be thoroughly poured by a preposed bed for sowing;
seeding rate: adopting thin sowing to cultivate strong seedlings, wherein seeds with the germination rate of more than 90 percent are sowed in 80 g per plate;
mechanical seeding: adopting professional rice seedling raising assembly line mechanical seeding, making the ratio of the thickness of the bottom soil to the thickness of the covering soil 2 during seeding: 1;
d. seedbed management:
temperature management: sealing and preserving heat before seedling emergence, starting ventilation and seedling hardening from seedling emergence to the stage of one leaf and one heart, controlling the temperature in the shed to be 25-28 ℃, gradually increasing ventilation quantity after two leaves and one heart, controlling the temperature to be 18-25 ℃, controlling the lower limit temperature of rice growth to be 13 ℃ and the upper limit temperature to be 33 ℃, and managing according to the temperature;
water content management: moisture preservation management before emergence of seedlings, film uncovering and bed drying are carried out on bed surface waterlogging in time, watering is carried out on the bed surface desiccation in time to achieve moisture preservation and no waterlogging, and drought tube seedlings take morning leaf apex water spitting as a reference state.
And (3) timely fertilizing: 50 g of ammonium sulfate per square meter is used for flushing the seedlings with water every week from seedling alignment, the nutrients of the seedlings are supplemented, and the dosage of the ammonium sulfate is increased by 15 percent once every week until transplanting;
and (3) disease control: keeping the pH value of the seedbed within 4.5 permanently and stably, avoiding the propagation of the rhizoctonia solani, spraying 50 ml of organic bactericide every 200 square meters and 30 kg of water to the 2.5-leaf stage and the 3.5-leaf stage of the rice seedlings respectively to prevent the rhizoctonia solani or taking the medicine when the disease occurs, and keeping the temperature of a greenhouse after taking the medicine;
s3, soil preparation and base fertilizer application:
50 kilograms of multi-element organic fertilizer, 40 kilograms of silicon-calcium fertilizer, 1 kilogram of high-quality zinc sulfate and 20 kilograms of saline-alkali degradation fertilizer are used per mu, all the fertilizers are subjected to rotary tillage and soil penetration once, the land is leveled by a laser land leveler before transplanting in a heavy saline-alkali land, pulping is not performed after field soaking, direct seedling transplanting is performed, the phenomenon that mud is generated to enable seedlings to sink and cause dead seedlings is avoided, field soaking can be performed while pulping is performed without thoroughly soaking the land;
s4, transplanting:
time: the seedlings in the saline-alkali soil are suitable for late planting at proper time, and the seedling is most suitable for the middle ten days to the end ten days of the month 5;
density: planting 5-7 basic seedlings per hole according to the seedling robustness degree by selecting 9 x 4 inches according to the land fertility;
quality: transplanting seedlings are uniform, straight and neat, seedlings do not float, do not sink and have the depth of less than 2 cm, and field checking and seedling supplementing are carried out in time after the seedlings are transplanted;
s5, rice field topdressing:
turning green fertilizer: 2-3 days after the rice seedlings are transplanted, 10 kilograms of multi-element organic fertilizer is used for transplanting rice seedlings per mu, 7 days after the rice seedlings are transplanted, 1 kilogram of potassium fertilizer is uniformly applied per mu, and the water retention layer is used for one week;
and (3) tillering fertilizer: 30 kilograms of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied in the middle ten days of the month 6;
ear fertilization: in the last 7 th month, 10 kg of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied;
granulated fertilizer: 10 kilograms of high-efficiency multi-element organic fertilizer is applied in 8 middle ten days of the month;
s6, water management:
when transplanting, the rice seedlings can be transplanted in water without exposing mud;
when in green returning, the deep water green returning water is deep, the seedling filling height is 2/3 deep water green returning, and the normal water filling is carried out after 3-5 days;
turning green to 6 months before the first ten days, irrigating water, humidifying and protecting leaves, and promoting the early growth and the fast growth of the tea leaves;
3 inch deep water fetus protection at booting stage, and watering for 1-2 inch until yellow maturity;
s8, harvesting:
the optimal harvest period is that 90% of the seeds of the rice are mature, and 10% of the seeds are green after husking.
2. The method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the rice variety suitable for local high-yield and high-quality cultivation is selected in step S1, and germination tests are performed after the variety is purchased, and the germination rate of 85% is qualified seeds.
3. The method for cultivating paddy rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein in step S2, when the seedbed is alkaline land which cannot be raised, under-tray non-porous film isolation is required.
4. The method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein the step of preparing seedling raising soil in step S2 further comprises:
taking soil: the soil is selected to be permeable, loose and non-sticky granular soil which cannot be too fine, so that the water permeability is prevented from being influenced;
acid adjustment: the pH value of the seedling soil is adjusted to 4-4.5, and the acid adjusting material can be any one of sulfuric acid, acetic acid and wood vinegar.
And (3) nutrition: adopting enough seedling strengthening agent or enough fertilizer to make the seedlings strong;
mixing: and (4) uniformly mixing.
5. The method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the sowing process of step S2, the seedbed is sowed without watering after earthing, weeding is directly closed, and mulching film or non-woven fabric is regularly covered, which is beneficial for cultivating strong seedlings.
6. The method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 5, wherein the step of managing the seedbed in the step S2 further comprises weeding the seedbed.
7. The method for cultivating rice in saline-alkali soil according to claim 1, wherein 8 kg of ammonium sulfate can be applied additionally in the process of fertilizing the green manure in the step S5 when the weather is bad and the seedling revival is affected.
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