CN101851125A - Agricultural waste-composting treatment method - Google Patents
Agricultural waste-composting treatment method Download PDFInfo
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- CN101851125A CN101851125A CN200910029958A CN200910029958A CN101851125A CN 101851125 A CN101851125 A CN 101851125A CN 200910029958 A CN200910029958 A CN 200910029958A CN 200910029958 A CN200910029958 A CN 200910029958A CN 101851125 A CN101851125 A CN 101851125A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
The invention relates to an agricultural waste-composting treatment method taking stream explosion method for pretreatment. The method comprises: proportioning materials in a C/N ratio of 20:1-30:1; determining the appropriate dosage of crops straw and livestock/poultry excrement; mixing the determined raw materials well; performing stream explosion pretreatment; adjusting water content to be between 50 and 60 percent; and performing composting treatment for 25 to 28 days to obtain organic fertilizer rich in organic substances and nutrients. By utilizing a stream explosion technique to treat agricultural waste, the method has the advantages of effectively improving the biological conversion rate of aerobic or anaerobic treatment and shortening treatment time, thereby achieving the aims of improving equipment utilization rate, reducing operation cost, solving the problem of environmental pollution and bringing social and economic benefits.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the processing and the utilization of agricultural wastes, relate in particular to a kind of processing method of utilizing the agricultural wastes compost.
Background technology
Agricultural wastes are meant the organic class material that goes out of use in whole agricultural production process, mainly comprise: the vegetable remains class waste that produces in the agricultural and forestry production process; The remaining waste of the animal class of herding, producing in the fish production process; Remaining waste of the processing class that produces in the agricultural course of processing and rural urbanization domestic refuse etc.On total amount and composition, mainly comprise agricultural crop straw and animal waste.The processing of agricultural wastes with utilize problem, be the important topic of prevention and cure of pollution in recent years and recycling area research always.
Stalk not only generally has higher calorific value and robust fibre, and contains nutritive elements such as abundant organic carbon, N, P, K, Mg, Ca, thereby good utility value is arranged.From energy angle, be equivalent to 3.5 hundred million t standard coals.Straw utilization mode in promoting or studying has a variety of at present.Mainly can be divided into following a few class, the one, the straw-returning technology, the 2nd, feedization is utilized technology, and the 3rd, the recovery energy technology, the 4th, materialization is utilized technology.
The livestock and poultry refuse comprises solid waste, the waste water that livestock, bird breed produce.At present, China mainly contains following several to solid-state livestock and poultry treatment of wastes produced mode.The one, the direct returning to farmland utilization, this be China traditional utilize mode.But this mode is because the livestock and poultry refuse is balanced throughout the year produces, and existing with agricultural season property needs contradiction fertile not in tune, in addition, also can influence environmental health, utilizes improper meeting to bring surface water and phreatic nutritive salt pollution etc.Therefore, trend towards after suitable processing agricultural use more generally at present; The 2nd, direct composting.Problems such as directly compost is one of traditional method of handling various organic wastes, but exists the cycle long, and recruitment is many; The 3rd, artificial aerobic fermentation and anaerobic biological treatment.Animal waste is converted into the organic commercial fertilizer material through biological fermentation, meets the principle that waste is administered minimizing, resource utilization, innoxious and ecology.But at present zymotechnique and support equipment remain further to be improved, though fermentation fertilizer fertilizer efficiency is good, with airing, directly oven dry and natural stack retting method relatively, its production cost is obviously higher, this is the major cause that influences its share of market.Problems such as anaerobic biological treatment also exists speed of response slow, and transformation efficiency is low, thereby need the zymotechnique and the support equipment thereof of exploiting economy practicality, improve processing efficiency, reduce production costs.The 4th, recycle and Ecological Disposal technology.As utilize animal excrement such as chicken manure after treatment as the feed recycle, and utilize the feces of livestock and poultry breeding earthworm, its product earthworm can be directly used in feeding fish, chicken, duck, goose, also can be processed into dry powder animal proteinum etc.But as feed, also exist some technical problems to need to solve as feces of livestock and poultry.
Though the processing of relevant agricultural wastes at present with utilize method a lot, cost is low, economical rationality, be fit to method that market-oriented management promotes also seldom.Generally, the composting of agricultural wastes remains economical and practical processing and utilizes mode.
Composting is under the manual control condition, by the fermentative action of microorganism, organism is changed into the process of fertilizer under certain moisture, C/N ratio and ventilation condition.In this composting process, organism is converted into stable product by unsteady state, and environment especially soil is not constituted harm.
In composting process, dissolved organic matter matter in the agricultural wastes sees through microbial cell wall and cytolemma and is absorbed by Institute of Micro-biology, solid and colloidal organism are earlier attached to outside the microbe, and the extracellular enzyme secreted by biology is decomposed into dissolved matter, infiltrates cell again.Microorganism is by the life Metabolic activity of self, carry out katabolism (redox processes) and the absorbed oxidation operation of a part is become simple inorganics with anabolism (biosynthetic process), and emit the movable required energy of biological growth, another part organism is transformed synthetic new cellular material, make the microorganism growth breeding, produce more organism.
The compositing system that is used to handle organic materials has many kinds, and its sorting technique also has multiple.By whether aerobic aerobic compostization and the anaerobically fermenting of being divided into of compositing system microorganism; Can be divided into static compostization and dynamic composting by the residing state of windrow; Can be divided into intermittent type compost and continous way compost by the Flow of Goods and Materials form; Can be divided into closed compost and open type compost by the fermentation equipment form.Also the someone has proposed a kind of easy sorting technique comparatively directly perceived, and compositing system is divided into: bar buttress formula compositing system, static buttress system and reactor assembly (or fermentation cabin system) etc. ventilate.
External research in this field has also had over half a century; because developing rapidly of large-scale breeding industry; the needs of fast processing organic waste in order to adapt to a large amount of; the industrial composting form is used more, and its technical process comprises solid-liquid separation-material pre-treatment-fermentation-drying-pulverizing-operations such as packing.Nearest research mostly lays particular emphasis on control condition and aspects such as processing parameter, dry technology and detection index.As the influence of material proterties, envrionment conditions, biotic factor, physical factor and economic factors in the technological process, and the conversion of nitrogen and control in the material, the application of microbial preparation in batch production technology etc.But problems such as investment is big, energy height that the artificial aerobic reactor exists.
Contain the cellulose substances that is difficult to degrade in the agricultural wastes.As farm animal excrement mainly is organism and the inorganic substance that animal and fowl fodder produces after digest and decompose, wherein contains the abundant lignocellulose that is difficult to decompose in biological oxidation process, also has some to be easy to protein, fat and the starch etc. of oxygenolysis.The main component of crop material also is a lignocellulose.The processing method research of compost at present both at home and abroad is more, but less to the pre-treatment research of composting material, makes for containing the more agricultural wastes of vegetable fibre, and no matter the compost of which kind of process form all needs the relatively treatment time of length.Therefore, technical scheme of the present invention is exactly at the problems referred to above, by agricultural wastes are carried out special pre-treatment, changes its physico-chemical property, thereby reaches the purpose that shortens the composting time.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to solve the relative problem of present compost needs than the long process time, the treatment process of a kind of agricultural wastes compost that can shorten the compost treatment time is provided, this method is by carrying out the quick-fried processing of vapour to agricultural wastes, reduce the agricultural wastes granular size, increase the surface-area in the biodegradation process, improve the uniformity coefficient in the treating processes, and change the wherein character of organic components, make them be easy to by microbiological degradation.
Agricultural waste-composting treatment method of the present invention is to be achieved by following steps:
1) according to C/N ratio batching
C/N ratio according to agricultural wastes is 20: 1～30: 1, determines suitable crop material, the consumption of feces of livestock and poultry;
2) the quick-fried processing agricultural wastes of vapour
After will mixing than the raw material of the crop material of determining, feces of livestock and poultry by total C/N, put into steam-explosion jar, feed high pressure steam then, make that pressure reaches 1.0～1.5Mpa scope in the steam-explosion jar, keep pressure 5～10min, carry out the quick-fried processing of vapour;
3) compost treatment
Material after the quick-fried processing of vapour is adjusted to water content about 50%～60%, with the inoculation of aeration in sewage treatment pond sewage, or with other microbial preparation inoculations, when envrionment temperature reaches 25 ℃, through composting 25～30 days, be drying to obtain the fertilizer that is rich in organic matter, nutriment.
Described composting is a bar buttress formula compositing system composting.
Agricultural wastes composting treatment method provided by the invention increases the advantage that the quick-fried preprocessing process of vapour has following several respects:
1) have porphyrization, the cellulose family of difficult decomposition in the agricultural wastes is pulverized fully, thereby guaranteeing to be easy in biological oxidation process decomposes
In the quick-fried process of vapour, the bursting force of the steam of organic materials inside during from the high pressure abrupt release to low pressure makes and itself pulverizes.This crushing process is more thorough than mechanical disintegration, and is more complete, all-pervasive because steam can be full of all periplasmic spaces of refuse, and explosion makes the organism of different-grain diameter size to pulverize fully, this be common mechanical pulverize can not accomplish.And more even through the organism of pulverizing, can make it convenient more in follow-up course of conveying like this.Lignocellulose constituents in the organic waste, can be easy to by microbiological degradation and utilization in biological oxidation process through after the explosion.
2) have pyrogenetic decomposition, the macromole of organism again in the waste is partly degraded, the turnover ratio in the subsequent processes is provided
Because steam contains a large amount of heat (thermal content of steam is more than 3.5 times of thermal content of the water of uniform temp in the time of 160-187 ℃), when steam contacts with organism, can be heated very high temperature moment, and steam is all-pervasive, can have an effect in organic various piece equably.Under hot conditions (more than 160 ℃), macromolecular substance such as the protein in the organism, fat, Mierocrystalline cellulose are partly degraded, more particularly be difficult to biodegradable material, can partial hydrolysis in the quick-fried process of vapour as Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and xylogen, perhaps their molecular structure helps biodegradable change.This will improve the transformation efficiency in the subsequent biological treatment process, shortens the treatment time.
3) have the sterilization effect, effectively kill most of virus and bacterium in the waste
In the steam-explosion jar of sealing, vapor pressure reaches 8-12 normal atmosphere, and vapor temperature reaches about 180 ℃, and the livestock and poultry refuse kept in steam-explosion jar about 5 minutes, and wherein harmful virus and bacterium will major part be killed.In the treating processes of back, the staff is hygienic safety more like this.Simultaneously, in the quick-fried process of vapour, steam can condense on the dust in the organic waste materials, thereby makes dust settling get off, and can reduce distributing of stink like this.
4) shorten the compost treatment time
Disclose that for the vapour that obtains agricultural wastes through the quick-fried method pre-treatment of vapour the compost treatment time is generally less than 1 month, when temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the proper extension composting time.
The inventive method is utilized the quick-fried technical finesse agricultural wastes of vapour, has improved the transformation efficiency that its aerobe is handled effectively, shortens the treatment time, thereby reaches the simplification treatment process, improves plant factor, the purpose that cuts operating costs.Thereby both solved problem of environmental pollution, social benefit of bringing again and economic benefit.
Embodiment
Further describe technical scheme of the present invention below by specific embodiment:
Embodiment 1
1. quick-fried processing agricultural wastes of vapour
Crop material, chicken manure are just waited, and are to determine consumption proportion at 30: 1 according to its C/N ratio, and C/N such as general straw, wheat straw are than at 80: 1, and chicken manure was at 10: 1.As the raw material gross weight is 100kg, and then the stalk consumption is 75kg, and the chicken manure consumption is 25kg.Raw material need be crushed to about 3cm, puts into steam-explosion jar, feeds high pressure steam then, make that pressure reaches 1.0Mpa in the steam-explosion jar, keep pressure 9min, then pressure in the venting steam-explosion jar fast, raw material is discharged in the non-pressure vessel, the agriculture waste raw material after the quick-fried processing of vapour.
2. the quick-fried raw material of vapour is carried out composting
Vapour disclosed mix that adjusting water content is about 55%, owing in the quick-fried process of vapour, have high temperature, high pressure effect, so need inoculation in the composting process, outdoor then banking up piled widely 2 meters, piles highly 1.5 meters, and heap is long to be decided with material quantity.Tamp ground, the juice under the thin grass of layer overlay or the peat composed of rotten mosses ooze with absorption again before banking up earlier.According to the compositing characteristic of windrow, can suitably apply alkaline matters such as lime, suitable covering can be carried out in the heap top, with the evaporation of minimizing moisture and the volatilization loss of ammonia.Respectively at the 5th, 15, carried out turning in 25 days, and add water in right amount according to the wet degree of doing of compost, when envrionment temperature was higher than 25 ℃, compost treatment was become thoroughly decomposed about 28 days.The above-mentioned compost material that makes is dry at normal temperatures, and promptly being able to the quick-fried agricultural wastes of vapour is the organic compost of raw material.
Embodiment 2
1. quick-fried processing agricultural wastes of vapour
With crop material, feces of livestock and poultry etc., be to determine consumption proportion at 25: 1 according to its C/N ratio, C/N such as general maize straw are than at 60: 1, and chicken manure was at 10: 1, and cow dungs etc. are about 20: 1.Raw material need be crushed to about 3cm, puts into steam-explosion jar, feeds high pressure steam then, make that pressure reaches the 1.5Mpa scope in the steam-explosion jar, keep pressure 6min, then pressure in the venting steam-explosion jar fast, raw material is discharged in the non-pressure vessel, obtains the agriculture waste raw material after the quick-fried processing of vapour.
2. the quick-fried raw material of vapour is carried out composting
Vapour disclosed mix, adjust water content about 55%, owing in the quick-fried process of vapour, have high temperature, high pressure effect, so need inoculation in the composting process, outdoor then banking up piled widely 2 meters, piles highly 1.5 meters, and heap is long to be decided with material quantity.Tamp ground, the juice under the thin grass of layer overlay or the peat composed of rotten mosses ooze with absorption again before banking up earlier.According to the compositing characteristic of windrow, can suitably apply alkaline matters such as lime, suitable covering can be carried out in the heap top, with the evaporation of minimizing moisture and the volatilization loss of ammonia.Respectively at the 4th, 18, carried out turning in 27 days, and add water in right amount according to the wet degree of doing of compost, when envrionment temperature was higher than 25 ℃, compost treatment was become thoroughly decomposed about 25 days.The above-mentioned compost material that makes is dry at normal temperatures, and promptly being able to the quick-fried agricultural wastes of vapour is the organic compost of raw material.
Time in the compost treatment process of the present invention is till becoming thoroughly decomposed, and the speed of compost maturity changes with the composition of season and composting material, disclose generally less than 1 month for the vapour of agricultural wastes, and when temperature is lower than 20 ℃, the proper extension composting time.
Claims (3)
1. agricultural waste-composting treatment method, its step comprises:
1) according to C/N ratio batching
C/N ratio according to agricultural wastes is 20: 1～30: 1, determines suitable crop material, the consumption of feces of livestock and poultry;
2) the quick-fried processing agricultural wastes of vapour
After will mixing than the raw material of the crop material of determining, feces of livestock and poultry by total C/N, put into steam-explosion jar, feed high pressure steam then, make that pressure reaches 1.0～1.5Mpa scope in the steam-explosion jar, keep pressure 5～10min, carry out the quick-fried processing of vapour;
3) compost treatment
Material after the quick-fried processing of vapour is adjusted to water content about 50%～60%, when envrionment temperature reaches 25 ℃,, promptly obtains being rich in the fertilizer of organic matter, nutriment through composting 25～30 days.
2. agricultural wastes composting treatment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described composting is inoculated with sewage disposal plant aeration tank sewage, or inoculates with other microbial preparations.
3. agricultural wastes composting treatment method according to claim 1 is characterized in that, described composting is a bar buttress formula compositing system composting.
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| CN200910029958A CN101851125A (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2009-03-30 | Agricultural waste-composting treatment method |
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| CN200910029958A CN101851125A (en) | 2009-03-30 | 2009-03-30 | Agricultural waste-composting treatment method |
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Cited By (14)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102219605A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-10-19 | 强光初 | Plant culture medium |
| CN104355708A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-18 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Method for of producing bioorganic tobacco fertilizer by steam explosion technology |
| CN104649763A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-05-27 | 徐州工程学院 | Anaerobic treatment method of excreta in intensive cattle farm |
| CN104892162A (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2015-09-09 | 韦秀学 | Method for preparing fertilizer from mixed animal manure |
| CN105777230A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-20 | 南江县万事康生物科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer making method |
| CN105777437A (en) * | 2016-04-03 | 2016-07-20 | 山西农业大学 | Preparing method for high-activity humic acid bio-fertilizer |
| CN105948980A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Special fertilizer for grapes |
| CN105967763A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-09-28 | 李金生 | Environmental-protection energy-efficient livestock and poultry night soil and organic waste rapid activation fermentation method |
| CN106083468A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of Chinese medicine slag prepares the method for solid composite bio-fertilizer |
| CN106747736A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 新疆弘瑞达纤维有限公司 | A kind of method that organic fertilizer is prepared with cotton stalk |
| CN110937946A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-31 | 宁波市鄞州赛弗兑食品科技有限公司 | Organic compound fertilizer containing agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof |
| CN111517851A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-11 | 重庆市艳鑫有机肥料有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer with good quick-acting performance |
| CN113307683A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-27 | 温州中上生物科技有限公司 | Processing method for converting garbage into organic fertilizer |
| CN115644016A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-31 | 陕西清北雅柯环保科技有限公司 | Seedling culture substrate prepared by low-temperature synergistic carbonization-coupling fermentation of straw and excrement and method |
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| CN1403396A (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-19 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Periodical stimulation and solid fermentation process of producing marsh gas with straw and city refuse |
| CN1605579A (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2005-04-13 | 天津大学 | Rapid microbial zymophyte agent and zymolysis process for chicken manure |
| CN101245248A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-20 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Production of desertification land improvement material with steam shatter stalk solid-state fermentation |
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| CN1403396A (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-03-19 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Periodical stimulation and solid fermentation process of producing marsh gas with straw and city refuse |
| CN1605579A (en) * | 2004-11-11 | 2005-04-13 | 天津大学 | Rapid microbial zymophyte agent and zymolysis process for chicken manure |
| CN101245248A (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2008-08-20 | 中国科学院过程工程研究所 | Production of desertification land improvement material with steam shatter stalk solid-state fermentation |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102219605A (en) * | 2011-04-29 | 2011-10-19 | 强光初 | Plant culture medium |
| CN104355708A (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2015-02-18 | 湖北省烟草公司恩施州公司 | Method for of producing bioorganic tobacco fertilizer by steam explosion technology |
| CN104649763A (en) * | 2015-03-03 | 2015-05-27 | 徐州工程学院 | Anaerobic treatment method of excreta in intensive cattle farm |
| CN104892162B (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2017-08-08 | 天津诚一安优科技有限公司 | A kind of method that fertilizer is prepared by mixing animal wastes |
| CN104892162A (en) * | 2015-05-30 | 2015-09-09 | 韦秀学 | Method for preparing fertilizer from mixed animal manure |
| CN105967763A (en) * | 2015-11-04 | 2016-09-28 | 李金生 | Environmental-protection energy-efficient livestock and poultry night soil and organic waste rapid activation fermentation method |
| CN105777230A (en) * | 2016-03-16 | 2016-07-20 | 南江县万事康生物科技有限公司 | Organic fertilizer making method |
| CN105777437A (en) * | 2016-04-03 | 2016-07-20 | 山西农业大学 | Preparing method for high-activity humic acid bio-fertilizer |
| CN105948980A (en) * | 2016-05-04 | 2016-09-21 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院葡萄与葡萄酒研究所 | Special fertilizer for grapes |
| CN106083468A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-11-09 | 浙江农林大学 | A kind of Chinese medicine slag prepares the method for solid composite bio-fertilizer |
| CN106747736A (en) * | 2017-01-05 | 2017-05-31 | 新疆弘瑞达纤维有限公司 | A kind of method that organic fertilizer is prepared with cotton stalk |
| CN110937946A (en) * | 2019-10-29 | 2020-03-31 | 宁波市鄞州赛弗兑食品科技有限公司 | Organic compound fertilizer containing agricultural wastes and preparation method thereof |
| CN111517851A (en) * | 2020-05-14 | 2020-08-11 | 重庆市艳鑫有机肥料有限公司 | Preparation method of organic fertilizer with good quick-acting performance |
| CN113307683A (en) * | 2021-06-11 | 2021-08-27 | 温州中上生物科技有限公司 | Processing method for converting garbage into organic fertilizer |
| CN115644016A (en) * | 2022-10-31 | 2023-01-31 | 陕西清北雅柯环保科技有限公司 | Seedling culture substrate prepared by low-temperature synergistic carbonization-coupling fermentation of straw and excrement and method |
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Application publication date: 20101006 |