CN101849429B - 加丝玻璃窗 - Google Patents

加丝玻璃窗 Download PDF

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CN101849429B
CN101849429B CN200880114842.2A CN200880114842A CN101849429B CN 101849429 B CN101849429 B CN 101849429B CN 200880114842 A CN200880114842 A CN 200880114842A CN 101849429 B CN101849429 B CN 101849429B
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CN101849429A (zh
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M路寰疯揪
M·德达
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Pilkington Automotive Deutschland GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1278—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens in association with heating wires or layers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
    • B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
    • B32B17/10385—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires for ohmic resistance heating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
    • B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
    • B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
    • B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
    • B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
    • B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2367/00—Polyesters, e.g. PET, i.e. polyethylene terephthalate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
    • H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
    • B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
    • B60S1/04—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers
    • B60S1/06—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive
    • B60S1/08—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven
    • B60S1/0818—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like
    • B60S1/0822—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means
    • B60S1/0874—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means characterized by the position of the sensor on the windshield
    • B60S1/0877—Wipers or the like, e.g. scrapers characterised by the drive electrically driven including control systems responsive to external conditions, e.g. by detection of moisture, dirt or the like characterized by the arrangement or type of detection means characterized by the position of the sensor on the windshield at least part of the sensor being positioned between layers of the windshield
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/002—Heaters using a particular layout for the resistive material or resistive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/014—Heaters using resistive wires or cables not provided for in H05B3/54
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
    • Y10T428/249924—Noninterengaged fiber-containing paper-free web or sheet which is not of specified porosity

Abstract

本发明涉及一种加丝玻璃窗。一种夹层玻璃窗(例如，车辆用挡风玻璃)，包括两块玻璃窗材料(例如玻璃)，具有在其之间延伸的一层夹层中间层，和在两块玻璃窗材料之间的一根或多根线，每一根线都具有导电的中心芯，和外部深色(例如黑色)皮层，其基本上抗由紫外线导致的褪色和物质老化。线可以是如下形式：电容性感测片、感应耦合圈、加热元件、天线和/或射频识别RFID标签。

Description

加丝玻璃窗
技术领域
本发明涉及一种加丝玻璃窗(wired glazing)，尤其涉及一种夹层玻璃窗，其结构内部中包括一根或多根线(wire)。
背景技术
基于多种原因，在夹层玻璃窗内可以包括一根或多根线。以通常与玻璃窗共同延伸的网状形式，线可以加强玻璃窗的结构整体性。以在玻璃窗整体或局部上延伸的多根存在的形式，线会使得玻璃窗能够在线被提供电流时被加热。一根或多根线被设置以便发射/接收电磁信号，例如形成天线，和/或形成部分电路，例如电容电路。
出于美学原因，当与玻璃窗结合时，一根或多根线可以是深色(例如深灰色或黑色)，以便最小化对肉眼的可视外观(visual appearance)。这种实践方式在加丝玻璃窗领域中很普遍，如EP 0 849 977 A1中描述的。这些线，通常由有光泽的导电材料如银或铜制成，通过用合适的深色材料例如黑色染色的塑料材料来涂覆线的导电芯，使其成为深色。缺少这种涂层，入射光会以多个方向在导电芯表面上反射(reflect off)。这种效果不仅在视觉上不引人注意，而且对靠近玻璃窗的人来说也会潜在地转移其注意力(取决于包括这种线的玻璃窗的意向用途)。
已观察到，对某些这种玻璃窗来说，不幸的是，结合在其中的一根或多根深色涂层线似乎经受一定量的物理老化，甚至在他们生产出来以后相对较短的时间期间之后就会产生。据观察，在一根或多根线上的深色涂层已经以小片式变薄、消失和/或脱色(变得差不多透明)，暴露出有光泽的导电芯的区域。那么，入射光会在这些暴露的区域上反射，并导致出现了上述不期望的结果。
如果线载有电流，那么多片导电材料的暴露会导致其他问题。如果两根或更多根这种线在它们互相暴露的区域相交，则会产生短路，这当然是非常不期望的。
发明内容
因此，本发明的一个目的是提供一种其中结合有一根或多根深色导电线的玻璃窗，其与现有技术的玻璃窗相比，不会经受同样的物理老化。
从而，本发明提供一种夹层玻璃窗，包括：两块(pane)玻璃窗材料，具有在其之间延伸的一层夹层中间层，和在多块玻璃窗材料之间的一根或多根线，每一根线都具有导电中心芯和外部深色皮层(sheath)，其中该皮层基本上抗由紫外光导致的褪色和物理老化。
根据本发明的加丝夹层玻璃窗，因为线对于肉眼来说视觉不易察觉而相比现有技术的玻璃窗优越，在于这些线在玻璃窗的寿命期间内的显著部分时间都保持深色，当然比使用现有技术的玻璃窗的时间更长。另外，由于线保持深色，所以在每根导电中心芯的反射导致的视觉转移的问题即使不是全部也是大部分被消除。
多块玻璃窗材料可以是多块玻璃，优选钠钙硅(soda-lime-silica)玻璃，其为透明或肉色，或它们还可以是多块钢性塑料材料，例如聚碳酸酯。典型地，所使用的多块玻璃窗材料的厚度在1mm和10mm之间，优选在1.5mm和6mm之间。
优选，外部皮层颜色为深灰色或黑色，并且制成该皮层的材料包括碳。对于线而言，深灰色和黑色看似视觉上最吸引人和不引人察觉的颜色。为了这个目的，含碳的皮层被认为是优选类型的材料。在整个说明书中使用的词“皮层”的含义为：a)材料的外套，其围绕和包封(envelope)线的导电中心芯，和b)涂层，其沉积到线的芯的表面上并粘合到该表面。外部皮层被设置为厚度在4μm和10μm之间，优选为大约6μm以满足该目的。
进一步优选地，制成外部皮层的材料为石墨，或者含石墨的材料。在通常条件下，石墨为导电性材料，并因此内部(非导电)皮层设在每根线的中心芯和外部皮层之间，以将这两种导电性材料隔离。当然，不管外部皮层的材料属性如何，都期望提供内部(非导电)皮层，使得一根或者多根线可以相交而不会发生短路。
有利地，内部皮层可由电绝缘性塑料材料制成。可以使用诸如聚酯酰亚胺(polyesterimide)和聚氨酯(polyurethane)材料，当然还可以使用本领域内熟知的任何合适的热塑性或热固性塑料。内部皮层被设置为厚度在3μm和8μm之间，优选为大约6μm以满足该目的。由于材料的内部皮层被外部皮层包封，所以其颜色并不关键。但是，为了能够监测外部皮层的抗紫外线性能(例如，通过检查透过外部皮层显露的小片导电芯)，内部皮层可由透明材料制成。
有利地，每根线上都设有最外部皮层，其由能够与一层中间层材料接合(bond)的材料制成。中间层材料和最外部皮层可以由下列几种类型的材料提供(并且两者不必是同样的材料)：聚氯乙烯(PVC)、聚氨酯(PU)、乙烯醋酸乙烯酯共聚物(EVA)、聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯(PET)、聚酰胺(PA)或者聚乙烯醇缩丁醛(PVB)。中间层材料层典型被设置为厚度是0.76mm或者0.38mm。最外部皮层可被设置为厚度优选为至多10μm。
当玻璃窗受到高温和高压时，例如在高压锅中，接合才是完全有效。但是，当线被放置于其所期望的配置中时，可以完成一根或多根线和一层中间层材料之间的某些或大部分接合。可使用任何适当的技术将线直接放在一层中间层材料之上，例如超声波接合或电阻加热。
每根线的导电中心芯可由金属、金属合金或金属氧化物材料制成。由于银和铜相对于其他材料的高导电性，因此它们似乎是最合适的。每根线的中心芯的直径优选在35-150μm的范围内，进一步优选为40-90μm范围内，最优选为大约70μm。这种直径被认为是最佳的而在良好导电性/电阻性和可视外观之间取得平衡。
一根或多根线优选被设置成电容性雨水传感器的感测区域的形式，有效形成一个或多个电容片。如本领域已知，电容性雨水传感器可包括在玻璃窗内，特别是车辆用玻璃窗，以使得刮水片能够自动操作。
另外(或可替换地)，一根或多根线还可以设置成感应耦合线圈的形式，用于从耦合线圈(其可连接到电气装置，例如玻璃窗内的电容性雨水传感器的感测区域)到玻璃窗外部的电气装置之间通过多块玻璃窗来感应耦合电流。
进一步另外或可替换地，一根或多根线被设置成加热元件的形式，能够电阻性加热玻璃窗材料层以使得玻璃窗能够防雾或防冰。这种加热元件可以用来加热其中有摄像头工作的玻璃窗的区域。
更进一步另外或可替换地，一根或多根线被设置成形成天线，用来发射和/或接收电磁辐射，例如共同待审未决的专利申请PCT/EP2007/061839中所描述的加丝贴片天线(patch antenna)，或者是例如用于存储有关玻璃窗信息的射频识别(RFID)标记。
尽管根据本发明的玻璃窗可被用于通常安装夹层玻璃窗的任何位置或者地点，但最优选用作车辆用玻璃窗。进一步优选地，玻璃窗可用作挡风玻璃，当然它还可以用作后窗玻璃(后面窗户)、侧窗玻璃(侧面窗户)和/或天窗玻璃(顶面窗户)。
附图说明
为了更好地理解本发明，下文将会通过非限制性示例的方式，结合参考附图(未设比例)进行更详细的描述，如附图所示，其中：
图1为根据本发明的夹层玻璃窗的平面图；
图2为沿着图1的A-A线的截面图；
图3为线的截面图。
具体实施方式
图1示出形式为车辆用挡风玻璃10的夹层玻璃窗，包括外部块玻璃窗材料，形式为一块厚度2.1mm的带有绿色的钠钙硅(soda-lime-silica)玻璃11，和一根或多根线16，设置成电容性雨水传感器14的形式，温度补偿结构17和感应耦合线圈15a，15b。雨水传感器14和温度补偿结构17的大部分位于玻璃窗的可见区域内，而线圈15a，15b隐藏不可见。沿着挡风玻璃10的周围有不透明的墨水带(典型为黑搪瓷(enamel))，形式为遮拦带13。遮拦带13用于掩饰和保护用于将窗户固定到车辆中的密封剂(未示出)，并且也隐藏感应耦合线圈15a，15b。
图2提供了关于挡风玻璃10的构造的更多的细节，其进一步包括内部块玻璃窗材料，形式也为一块厚度2.1mm的带有绿色的钠钙硅(soda-lime-silica)玻璃12，和由三层中间层材料构成的复合中间层。这些层中间层材料以如下形式来反射太阳光辐射：两个外部层厚度为0.38mm的PVB透明层18、19，一个PET中心层20，其上位有面对外部块玻璃11的银基涂层堆21。作为具有遮阳功能的复合中间层的替代方案，挡风玻璃10可以包括在外部玻璃11和/或内部玻璃12的内表面上的一层PVB 18和遮阳层(未示出)。
多块带有绿色的玻璃11，12的组分大约包括72％(按重量)的SiO2，1％的Al2O3，13.5％的Na2O，0.6％的K2O，8.5％的CaO，4％的MgO，0.2％的SO3，和一共0.58％的以Fe2O3形式存在的铁，这种带有绿色的玻璃可从英国Pilkington Group Limited(www.pilkington.com)获得。附有银基涂层21的PET层20可从Southwall TechnologiesInc.，3975 East Bayshore Road，Palo Alto，California 94303，US(www.southwall.com)获得。
线16位于PVB层18和外部块玻璃11之间，使得能够电容探测外部块玻璃11的外表面上的雨滴的出现。线16既与PVB层18相连，也与外部块玻璃11相连，因为这两者都设有PVB的最外部皮层。线16的构造细节如图3所示，其中例示每一根线16在其一段直径为71μm的铜31的形式的中心导体芯外部围绕有一三层的外皮。铜芯31设有7μm厚的聚氨酯涂层32的形式的内部(非导电)皮层。涂层32设有6μm厚的石墨涂层33的形式的外部皮层。最终涂层33设有6μm厚的PVB涂层的最外部皮层。这种线16可从位于德国derHüttenwiese，51580Reichshof-Eckenhagen的来自Elektrisola Eckenhagen的生产号为BP180(www.elektrisola.com)获得。
为了例示线16的抗紫外线老化性能，样本玻璃窗经受了两种测试。准备了两批代表挡风玻璃10的样本。在第1批5个样本中，大小为30cm×30cm，第2批5个样本中，大小为30cm×8cm，均由两层厚度为2.1mm的带有绿色的玻璃(如前所述)与一层厚度为0.76mm的透明PVB(如前所述)夹层而准备，还有电容性雨水感测板形式的线(如前所述)，如图1所示的温度补偿结构和感应耦合线圈。
第一种测试包含在将来自每一批的样本都直接受到以下两种不同光源的紫外线照射达3000小时期间前后的视觉检查：
(1)每平方米一组16ULTRA-VITALUXTM太阳灯(可从OSRAM GmbH，Hauptverwaltung，Hellabrunner Straβe 1,81543 München，Germany(www.osram.com)获得)，当将其放置在距离每个样本50cm的位置上，提供1kW/m2的辐射度。
(2)与Xenochrome300滤光器一起使用的XENOTESTTMBeta+(β)氙弧仪(可从德国Atlas Material Testing Technology GmbH，Vogelsbergstraβe22,63589 Linsengericht(www.atlas-mts.com)获得)，提供4,000cm2的曝光区域。
两批样本中的所有样本都在两种光源下通过了视觉检查测试，3000小时的测试期间结束后线都没有出现黑色着色的视觉变化。另外，线在每个样本内部似乎都保持着良好的联结。
第二种测试测量每个样本中的电容性雨水感测板和温度补偿器在经受上述两种照射源(1)和(2)紫外线照射达3000小时期间前后的共振频率。为了进行这种测试，单长度的线被形成为与每个样本中感应耦合线圈尺寸大小相同的圈。该圈与每个样本内的感应耦合线圈对齐，并且其自由端与HP 8753A网络分析器相连接以进行测量。这种测试的结果如下表所示，其中结果都被标准化成温度20℃以消除温度变动的影响。
可以看出，一旦被紫外线照射，样本的共振频率的变化小于0.2％，证明该三层涂层的线的可靠性满足执行电容和感应耦合线圈的功能。

Claims (12)

1.一种夹层玻璃窗，其包括：
两块玻璃窗材料，具有在其之间延伸的一层夹层中间层，和
在两块玻璃窗材料之间的一根或多根线，每一根线都具有导电的中心芯和外部深色皮层，
其中外部深色皮层抗由紫外线导致的褪色和物质老化，
其中内部非导电皮层设置在每根线的中心芯和外部深色皮层之间，
其中该外部深色皮层颜色为深灰色或黑色，并且制成该外部深色皮层的材料包含碳，并且
其中该外部深色皮层为石墨涂层，该石墨涂层具有在4μm和10μm之间的厚度，并且该内部非导电皮层具有在3μm和8μm之间的厚度。
2.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中该内部非导电皮层由塑料材料制成。
3.如权利要求1或2所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中该内部非导电皮层是透明的。
4.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中在每根线上都设有最外部皮层，该最外部皮层由能够与中间层材料层相接合的材料制成。
5.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中每根线的导电中心芯由金属、金属合金或金属氧化物材料制成。
6.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中每根线的中心芯的直径在35-100μm的范围内。
7.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中一根或多根线以电容性雨水传感器的感测区域的形式设置。
8.如权利要求7所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中一根或多根线还以感应耦合线圈的形式设置。
9.如权利要求1所述的夹层 玻璃窗，其中一根或多根线以加热元件的形式设置。
10.如权利要求1所述的夹层玻璃窗，其中一根或多根线被设置成形成天线。
11.一种将上述权利要求中任一项所述的夹层玻璃窗作为车辆用玻璃窗的用途。
12.一种将如权利要求1到权利要求10中任一项所述的夹层玻璃窗作为车辆用挡风玻璃、车辆用后窗玻璃、车辆用侧窗玻璃和/或车辆用天窗玻璃的用途。
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