CN101846465A - 换热器 - Google Patents

换热器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101846465A
CN101846465A CN201010213436A CN201010213436A CN101846465A CN 101846465 A CN101846465 A CN 101846465A CN 201010213436 A CN201010213436 A CN 201010213436A CN 201010213436 A CN201010213436 A CN 201010213436A CN 101846465 A CN101846465 A CN 101846465A
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heat exchanger
bending
exchanger tube
heat exchange
flat segments
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CN101846465B (zh
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蒋建龙
王伟
黄宁杰
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Sanhua Hangzhou Micro Channel Heat Exchanger Co Ltd
Danfoss AS
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Danfoss Sanhua Hangzhou Micro Channel Heat Exchanger Co Ltd
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Priority to CN2010102134360A priority Critical patent/CN101846465B/zh
Application filed by Danfoss Sanhua Hangzhou Micro Channel Heat Exchanger Co Ltd filed Critical Danfoss Sanhua Hangzhou Micro Channel Heat Exchanger Co Ltd
Publication of CN101846465A publication Critical patent/CN101846465A/zh
Priority to US13/083,000 priority patent/US9528770B2/en
Priority to ES11002997.2T priority patent/ES2688450T3/es
Priority to DK11002997.2T priority patent/DK2378232T3/en
Priority to PL11002997T priority patent/PL2378232T3/pl
Priority to EP11002997.2A priority patent/EP2378232B1/en
Priority to JP2011087818A priority patent/JP2011220674A/ja
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0475—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/047—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag
    • F28D1/0475—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend
    • F28D1/0476—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being bent, e.g. in a serpentine or zig-zag the conduits having a single U-bend the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00—Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/10—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses
    • F28F1/12—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element
    • F28F1/24—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely
    • F28F1/32—Tubular elements and assemblies thereof with means for increasing heat-transfer area, e.g. with fins, with projections, with recesses the means being only outside the tubular element and extending transversely the means having portions engaging further tubular elements

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开一种换热器，包括：第一集流管；第二集流管；多个换热管，每个换热管的两端分别与第一和第二集流管相连以便换热管内的制冷剂通道连通第一和第二集流管，其中每个换热管包括平直段和位于平直段之间的折弯段，所述折弯段相对于所述平直段扭转预定角度；及翅片，所述翅片分别设置在相邻的平直段之间，且所述折弯段在折弯之前的长度满足下面的公式：5tπ(180-θ)/180+2Tw≤A≤30tπ(180-θ)/180+8Tw，A：折弯段在折弯之前的长度；t：换热管的厚度；Tw：换热管的宽度；θ：平直段之间的夹角。根据本发明实施例的换热器，折弯容易，制造方便，不会降低换热性能，并且外观整齐，寿命长。

Description

换热器
技术领域
本发明涉及一种换热器，更具体地涉及一种平行流换热器。
背景技术
换热器具有广泛的用途。传统的换热器通常为扁平的矩形体。为了增加换热性能，满足不同的应用和安装要求，出现了换热器。
传统的换热器在折弯处设置了翅片，因此折弯处的翅片容易被扭曲，影响换热器的换热性能和外观，并且还会影响换热器的排水性能，从而影响换热性能，甚至会有水吹出或滴入管道系统，并且翅片的存在使得折弯变得困难，折弯半径必须很大，折弯角度受到限制，占据空间大。
为此，提出了在换热器的折弯处不设置翅片，即仅仅折弯换热管，且换热管的折弯段为无翅片段。
但是，由于无翅片段不参与热交换，因此无翅片段太长，有效换热面积减小，从而会影响换热性能；无翅片段太短，同样存在折弯段的折弯半径必须大，折弯角度受到限制，占据空间大，影响换换热器的热性能、排水性能和外观。
此外，对于上述传统的换热器，在换热管折弯时没有考虑折弯对换热管的影响。换热管的折弯外侧表面拉伸量越大，则换热管外壁越薄，从而换热管的爆破强度和耐腐蚀强度越低，影响了换热器的寿命。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种换热器，该换热器的折弯容易，制造方便，不会降低换热性能，并且外观整齐，寿命长。
根据本发明实施例的换热器包括：第一集流管；第二集流管；多个换热管，每个换热管的两端分别与第一和第二集流管相连以便换热管内的制冷剂通道连通第一和第二集流管，其中每个换热管包括平直段和位于平直段之间的折弯段，所述折弯段相对于所述平直段扭转预定角度；及翅片，所述翅片分别设置在相邻的平直段之间，其中所述折弯段在折弯之前的长度满足下面的公式：
5tπ(180-θ)/180+2Tw≤A≤30tπ(180-θ)/180+8Tw
A：折弯段在折弯之前的长度；
t：换热管的厚度；
Tw：换热管的宽度；
θ：平直段之间的夹角。
根据本发明实施例的换热器，首先，由于在相邻的换热管折弯段之间没有设置翅片，换热器的折弯容易，折弯半径可以很小，占据的空间小，制造方便和简单，换热器的折弯角度没有限制，并且解决了折弯段(即无翅片段)的排水问题。其次，折弯段在折弯之前的长度满足上述关系，无翅片段的长度可以达到允许的最小值，从而增加了有效的换热器面积，因此无翅片段可以满足换热器折弯的要求，不会因为无翅片段太长而影响换热性能，也不会因为无翅片段太短而影响折弯，同时折弯后的换热器外观整齐，此外考虑到了折弯对换热管的影响，延长了换热管的使用寿命，由此提高了换热器的寿命。
另外，根据本发明实施例的换热器还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
每个换热管的平直段之间的夹角θ满足10°≤θ/2≤50°，进而15°≤θ/2≤50°。
折弯段相对于平直段的扭转角度β满足45°≤β≤90°。
所述多个换热管的折弯段在第一和第二集流管的轴向方向上对齐。
可选地，每个换热管均包括多个折弯段。由此，换热器可以折弯成多种形式，例如N型，M型或W型等。
本发明的附加方面和优点将在下面的描述中部分给出，部分将从下面的描述中变得明显，或通过本发明的实践了解到。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1是根据本发明实施例的换热器的示意图，其中示出了换热管在折弯和扭转之前的状态；
图2是图1所示换热器折弯后的示意图；
图3是根据本发明实施例的换热器的一段换热管的示意图；
图4是图2所示换热器的侧视示意图，其中示出了换热管在折弯之前且相对于平直段扭转之后的状态；和
图5是根据本发明另一实施例的换热器的示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，术语“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明而不是要求本发明必须以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参考附图1-4描述根据本发明实施例的换热器。
如图1和2所示，根据本发明一个实施例的换热器包括第一集流管1、第二集流管2、多个换热管3、和翅片4。
第一集流管1与第二集流管2大体平行设置且间隔开预定距离，例如第一集流管1可以作为入口集流管，第二集流管2可以作为出口集流管，但本发明并不限于此。
每个换热管3的两端分别与第一集流管1和第二集流管2相连，且换热管3内的制冷剂通道连通第一集流管1和第二集流管2。如图2和3所示，每个换热管3包括平直段31和位于平直段之间的折弯段32，折弯段32相对于平直段31扭转预定角度。
在本发明的一个实施例中，为了制造换热器，在组装和焊接之前，可以将换热管3折弯，从而换热管3分成两个平直段31和位于平直段31之间的折弯段32，然后将折弯的换热管与第一集流管1和第二集流管2以及翅片4组装和焊接。在组装和焊接时，相邻换热管3的折弯段32之间不设置翅片4。
如图1所示，根据本发明实施例的换热器被拉直，以示出折弯段32在折弯和相对于平直段31扭转之间的长度A。如图2所示，根据本发明实施例的换热器分为分别位于折弯段32两侧的左侧换热器部分和右侧换热器部分。
如图1-2和4所示，翅片4分别设置在相邻的平直段31之间，且相邻的折弯段32之间没有设置翅片4。这里，折弯段32也可以称为无翅片段，平直段31也可以称为有翅片段。
折弯段32在折弯之前的长度满足下面的公式：
5tπ(180-θ)/180+2Tw≤A≤30tπ(180-θ)/180+8Tw
其中，A为折弯段32在折弯之前的长度，t为换热管3的厚度(图1中换热管3在上下方向上的尺寸)，Tw为换热管的宽度，且θ为换热管3折弯之后的平直段32之间的夹角，即换热器的折弯角度，π为圆周率。在本发明的优选实施例中，换热管3示出为扁平管，具有大体长圆形的横截面，该长圆形由中间的矩形和连接在矩形两端的半圆形构成。需要说明的是，换热管3的横截面并不限于上述形式，例如换热管3的横截面可以为扁的椭圆形，或方形，这对于本领域的普通技术人员是能够容易理解的。
根据本发明实施例的换热器，由于换热管3具有折弯段(无翅片段)32，因此，换热器的折弯容易，折弯半径可以很小，占据的空间小，制造方便和简单，换热器的折弯角度没有限制，并且解决了折弯处的排水问题。其次，无翅片段32在折弯之前的长度A满足上面的关系式，因此无翅片段32的长度可以达到允许的最小值，从而增加了有效的换热器面积，不但可以满足换热器折弯的要求，也不会因为无翅片段32太长而影响换热性能，且不会因为无翅片段32的长度A太小而影响折弯，同时折弯后的换热器外观整齐，此外考虑到了折弯对换热管3的影响，延长了换热管3的使用寿命，由此提高了换热器的寿命。
下面参考图3进一步描述根据本发明实施例的换热器的换热管3的无翅片段32的长度A的确定。
如图3所示，换热管3上壁(外表面)的拉伸量S与换热管3的厚度t直接相关，拉伸量S越大，换热管3的上壁越薄，换热管3的爆破强度和耐腐蚀强度越低，因此对上壁拉伸量S的控制非常重要。
如图所示，拉伸量S＝πα(t-t1)/180＝π(180-θ)(t-t1)/180，其中t1为折弯中心层到换热管3折弯内侧(图3中的下侧)的厚度。α为无翅片段32折弯后的圆心角，θ为无翅片段32折弯后相邻平直段31之间的夹角。
从上面公式可以得到：拉伸量S与角度θ，换热管厚度t及折弯半径R相关，在一定的角度θ下，拉伸量与t成正比，与R成反比。为了满足换热管的强度和耐腐蚀性能，拉伸量S需尽量小，研究证实R/t≥5是有利的。同时，如果保持顶部圆弧的长度不变，折弯半径R越大，顶部圆弧将趋于平坦，这对顶部圆弧的排水不利，有可能使水直接从顶部圆弧滴下，研究证实R/t≤30是有利的，从而得到5t≤R≤30t。
图3中，a2为无翅片段32的扭曲段长度，a2主要取决于扭曲力的大小，扭曲力的大小与换热管3的宽度Tw成正比，在一定的换热管宽度下，扭曲段长度a2越短扭曲力越大，翅片4越容易变形，扭曲段长度越长对翅片变形越有利；但扭曲段本身不参与换热，扭曲段长度太长会影响换热器的传热性能，研究证实Tw≤a2≤4Tw是有利的。
此外，扭曲段长度a2还与折弯段3相对于平直段31扭曲的角度β相关，而且与β成正比。β越大，a2越大，则无翅片段长度A越大。研究证实，45°≤β≤90°是有利的。
如图3所示，无翅片段32的长度A为：
A＝α1+2α2＝πRα/180+2a2＝πR(180-θ)/180+2a2
其中a1为折弯处的弧长，a2为扭曲段的长度，
将R和a2的上述关系式代入，得到：
5tπ(180-θ)/180+2Tw≤A≤30tπ(180-θ)/180+8Tw
在使用中，如图2所示，气流B在换热器表面的均匀度与气流B与换热器之间的夹角(即平直段31之间的角度的一半)θ/2直接相关。θ越大，换热器表面的气流场越均匀。但是，在换热器用于蒸发器时，在运行过程中换热器表面会有冷凝水，如果θ一味增大，换热器表面的冷凝水将有可能滴入换热器下面的管道，这是不允许的。研究证明10°≤θ/2≤50°比较合理。在换热器水平设置时，研究证明，15°≤θ/2≤50°更为有利。
如图1和图4所示，根据本发明的一个实施例，换热器的多个换热管3的折弯段32的两端在第一集流管1和第二集流管2的轴向方向(图1中的上下方向，图4中的左右方向)上对齐。如图4所示，折弯段32彼此重叠一部分。由此，制成的换热器外观整齐，并且在制造过程中，换热器的整个变形均匀，变形易控制，成品率提高。
需要理解的是，在上面的描述和图示中，每个换热管3均包括一个折弯段32，从而换热器折弯为A型。在本发明的一些实施例中，每个换热管3均可以包括多个折弯段32。由此，换热器可以折弯成多种形式，例如N型，M型或W型等，如图5所示，换热器折弯成了N型。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员可以理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同物限定。

Claims (6)

1.一种换热器，其特征在于，包括：
第一集流管；
第二集流管；
多个换热管，每个换热管的两端分别与第一和第二集流管相连以连通第一和第二集流管，其中每个换热管包括平直段和位于平直段之间的折弯段，所述折弯段相对于所述平直段扭转预定角度；及
翅片，所述翅片分别设置在相邻的平直段之间，
其中所述折弯段在折弯之前的长度满足下面的公式：
5tπ(180-θ)/180+2Tw≤A≤30tπ(180-θ)/180+8Tw
A：折弯段在折弯之前的长度；
t：换热管的厚度；
Tw：换热管的宽度；
θ：平直段之间的夹角。
2.根据权利要求1所述的换热器，其特征在于，其中所述平直段之间的夹角满足：10°≤θ/2≤50°。
3.根据权利要求2所述的换热器，其特征在于，其中所述平直段之间的夹角满足：15°≤θ/2≤50°。
4.根据权利要求1所述的换热器，其特征在于，其中45°≤β≤90°，β为折弯段相对于平直段扭转的预定角度。
5.根据权利要求1所述的换热器，其特征在于，所述多个换热管的折弯段的两端在第一和第二集流管的轴向方向上对齐。
6.根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的换热器，其特征在于，每个换热管均包括多个折弯段。
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