CN101817701A - System and method for ventilating stacks and collecting exhaust gases and percolate of compost - Google Patents
System and method for ventilating stacks and collecting exhaust gases and percolate of compost Download PDFInfo
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- CN101817701A CN101817701A CN201010168793A CN201010168793A CN101817701A CN 101817701 A CN101817701 A CN 101817701A CN 201010168793 A CN201010168793 A CN 201010168793A CN 201010168793 A CN201010168793 A CN 201010168793A CN 101817701 A CN101817701 A CN 101817701A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
The invention discloses a system and a method for ventilating stacks and collecting exhaust gases and percolate of compost. At least one air tube is laid in a base at the bottom of each stack along a length direction of the stack; grooves are reserved on the bases above vents of the air tubes; ventilation protecting layers are laid in the grooves above the vents; one end of each air tube is connected with a main air tube connected with a blower, while the other end is sealed with a pipe closer; a percolate outlet is downwards reserved at the closed end of each air tube; cleaning grooves are reserved on the peripheries of the pipe closers and the percolate outlets; percolate buffering and discharging devices connected with the percolate outlets are arranged in the cleaning grooves; an exhaust pipeline is arranged above each stack along the length direction; exhaust openings are distributed at the bottom of the exhaust pipeline; and each exhaust pipeline is connected with a main exhaust tube. The system and the method have the advantages of greatly reducing the quantity of civil engineering at the same time of ensuring relatively better oxygenation state in the whole composting body, and simultaneously realizing the directed and highly-efficient collection of the exhaust gases produced in a composting process; and the system has a simpler structure and is convenient to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of organic waste compost treatment system, and compost method.
Background technology
High-temperature aerobic fermentation, so-called compost, it is a kind of common organic waste treatment process, compost has forced ventilation and natural ventilation, usually the aeration technology that adopts in the forced ventilation technology is evenly to arrange porous on the whole bottom area of compost buttress, container (reactor) or fermenter, at the bottom of being furnished with the porous bed, the plate bottom is a gas buffer memory cavity (chamber), be equipped with and be connected with air-supply pipeline, valve and gas blower, porous bed bottom transverse, vertical even intensive layout pore; The waste gas that produces in the compost is taken away by unordered discharging or by the air channel that is provided with between compost, and percolate is reserved ditch, canal collection by other.This blindness is pursued the long-pending common technique of big wind distributing face and is not only operated, keeps in repair complexity, and consistent with the ground level height the vent locations setting usually, has ignored the existence of problems such as ventilation opening easily stops up, percolate inconvenience collection, pressure-bearing difference.
The present following problem of application draft type ubiquity: civilwork engineering quantity is big, and facility is difficult in maintenance, lays that pipeline more easily stops up or air permeability is poor, percolate that produces and waste gas are not easy to collect, and sweathouse do not have the specific aim exhausting, and air quantity is big, the deodorizing difficulty, the air blast consumption is high.Conventional ventilation system is handled water ratio, the higher organic waste of viscosity, and during as dewatered sludge, ventilation hole is easily dead by sludge paste, thereby causes gas distribution inhomogeneous; Or higher to the operational requirement of input and output material, crushing resistance is poor.
Traditional gas sampling way is to allow the unordered discharging of waste gas, or in the compost workshop, exhaust equipment is set, be difficult to the pounce on collection of realization to foul smell specific aim, highly dense property, only according to indoor certain air change rate, gas behind the mixed diluting between collecting cart, so not only the gas volume of Chou Chuing is excessive, the required processing power of exhaust-gas treatment facilities is very big, and, since in the compost workshop each compost unit waste gas generation in time the space in continuous variation, instead this unified exhausting mode can dilute waste gas, is difficult to really be effectively addressed.
Summary of the invention
The system and method that the purpose of this invention is to provide a kind of ventilating stacks, waste gas and leachate collection of compost will solve traditional draft type and have that quantities is big, the susceptible to plugging problem of pipeline, and the unordered discharging of waste gas, pollutes the problem big, that energy consumption is high.
For achieving the above object, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The ventilating stacks of this compost, the system of waste gas and leachate collection, the wind-distributing pipe and the basic platform that comprise the stacking bottom, stacking is arranged in parallel into rectangular heap shape, in the basic platform of every stacking bottom along stacking length to laying at least one wind-distributing pipe, be distributed with ventilation hole on the wind-distributing pipe, the basic platform of ventilation hole top has groove, and be covered with ventilative protective layer in the groove above ventilation hole, wind-distributing pipe one end connects with the main wind-distributing pipe that is connected blower fan, the wind-distributing pipe the other end seals with pipe plug, the percolate spout that one end of wind-distributing pipe sealing has down, be provided with the cleaning groove at pipe plug and percolate spout periphery, be provided with the percolate buffer memory discharge equipment that is connected with the percolate spout in the cleaning groove, cleaning groove one side has the percolate discharge outlet, percolate discharge outlet and discharge of wastewater pipe coupling;
Described stacking top is distributed with suction opening to an air draft pipe is set in the air draft pipe bottom along long, and each bar air draft pipe is connected with main air draft.
When the wind-distributing pipe that lay described stacking bottom was one, wind-distributing pipe was arranged in the middle of the stacking bottom, and the relation of wide s in stacking base and stacking height h need satisfy:
h=（0.06～1.5）×1/2?×s；
When the wind-distributing pipe that described stacking is laid down is many, the layout left-right symmetry of wind-distributing pipe in the bar heap, be not more than the distance b of the wind-distributing pipe of outermost side apart from a between the wind-distributing pipe, and the most left or the rightest wind-distributing pipe satisfies apart from the distance b at exterior angle, stacking base and the height h relation of stacking to exterior angle, stacking base:
h=（0.06～1.5）×b。
Be connected with nozzle, aeration head or PVC orifice plate on the ventilation hole of described wind-distributing pipe, have V-shaped groove or narrow bar-shaped trough on the basic platform of ventilation hole top, or with wind-distributing pipe with wide groove, the ventilative protective layer in the groove is made of one deck small-particle and one deck shape material that looses.
Described percolate buffer memory discharge equipment is a U-shaped pipe, U-shaped Guan Yiduan is connected with percolate spout on the wind-distributing pipe, the other end is connected with the percolate discharge outlet of cleaning on the groove, in the U-shaped pipe dielectric fluid is housed, the static pressure △ P that the dielectric fluid height is produced is not less than the blast at percolate spout place.
Described percolate buffer memory discharge equipment is a straight tube, straight tube upper end is connected with percolate spout on the wind-distributing pipe, the other end stretches into the cleaning trench bottom, below the inherent percolate discharge outlet of cleaning groove liquid is housed, the pipe plug outside is connected with the detection valve, and the static pressure △ P that height produced between straight tube lower-most point and the percolate discharge outlet is not less than the blast at percolate spout place.
Be equipped with electrically operated valve in described each bar air draft pipe, electrically operated valve is by the control of exhausting Controlling System, and main air draft is connected with induced draft fan; Perhaps in each air draft pipe, be provided with vacuum fan in the pipe, and be provided with a check valve door-plate in a side of air-out.
Described air draft pipe is fixed, and the suction opening below of air draft pipe connects blower cover by hose connector, and the blower cover top is connected with a fixed pulley by rope, and rope is walked around fixed pulley and is connected with electric handle.
Described air draft pipe is connected with main air draft by flexible pipe, air draft pipe is connected by the slideway of pipe collar with its top, be connected with roller in the slideway, roller is fixing by the travelling block welding of be rigidly connected plate and its top again, walk around rope one end and the building structure top of travelling block and fix, the other end is wrapped on the electric handle; Perhaps air draft pipe is directly fixed by the travelling block of fixing chain and its top, walks around rope one end and the building structure top of travelling block and fixes, and the other end is wrapped on the electric handle.
Described air draft pipe bottom also is connected with blower cover.
The method of a kind of ventilating stacks of compost, waste gas and leachate collection,
The method of ventilation of described stacking is as follows:
Stacking is arranged in parallel into rectangular heap shape, in the basic platform inside of stacking bottom along stacking length to laying at least one wind-distributing pipe, wind-distributing pipe one end connects with the main wind-distributing pipe that is connected blower fan, the other end seals with pipe plug, and on wind-distributing pipe, lay the ventilative protective layer of one deck, air enters semicircular in shape uniform distribution behind the stacking from the ventilation hole on the wind-distributing pipe;
The leachate collection method of described stacking is as follows:
Percolate flows into wind-distributing pipe inside by ventilation hole, percolate spout periphery at pipe plug and wind-distributing pipe is provided with the cleaning groove, and percolate buffer memory discharge equipment is installed in the cleaning groove, percolate buffer memory discharge equipment is connected the percolate discharge outlet and the discharge of wastewater pipe coupling of cleaning groove one side with the percolate spout;
The gas sampling method of described stacking is as follows:
Above every stacking along stacking length to an air draft pipe is set, the air draft pipe bottom is distributed with suction opening, on every air draft pipe electrically operated valve is installed, electrically operated valve is connected with the exhausting Controlling System, each bar air draft pipe is connected with main air draft, and main air draft is connected with induced draft fan, by ventilation signal and the compost stage of exhausting Controlling System according to each stacking, the open degree of by-pass valve control, thereby control exhausting amount.
Compared with prior art the present invention has following characteristics and beneficial effect:
In order to overcome the defective in the conventional compost method, the present invention optimizes compost bar heap form and ventilation form, no longer blindly pursue the big area cloth wind on apparent, and be based on analysis to compost heap body internal structure, finding out influences the inhomogeneity basic factor of cloth wind, and heap body heap type, vent-pipe laying and ventilation hole setting are optimized.Compare with conventional compost method, advantage of the present invention is, has better reduced civilwork engineering quantity significantly in the oxygenation state in guaranteeing whole compost heap body, makes that system architecture is simpler, is convenient to operation.A kind of gathering system of waste gas is also proposed simultaneously, by Ventilation Control gas sampling chain control and the liftable air draft pipe corresponding of ventilation system and the system combined optimization of gas sampling, compost heap with it, so in the process the waste gas that produces realize the collection of specific aim, high efficiency.
The present invention combines leachate collection and ventilator trunk, and basic platform adopts waterproof and airproof compression-resistant material to build up.Lay wind-distributing pipe in the basic platform of stacking bottom, an end of wind-distributing pipe connects blower fan, and the other end seals with pipe plug, can open pipe plug and ventilation when foreign matter or percolate are arranged in the pipe, and foreign matter and percolate are collected in the cleaning groove.For fear of the wind-distributing pipe road by forklift or heavy duty such as turn over when casting fully operation and destroy; one deck protective layer of breathing freely is arranged above wind-distributing pipe; and when being used to handle the higher organic waste of water ratio, viscosity like this; air can flow out from the air outlet; because the gas buffer effect that the ventilative protective layer of this layer forms; even have thick material be bonded at ventilation hole directly over, gas also be easy to pass the ventilative protective layer of this layer from other places enter into the heap body in, can effectively prevent the obstruction fully of ventilation hole.
The present invention combines leachate collection and ventilator trunk, and ventilation system also has the leachate collection function when providing aerobic environment for the heap body, and at the airduct end one cleaning groove is set, and provides the method for percolate buffer memory, discharge.Utilize water level pressure reduction principle, when waterhead during greater than the pressure in the ventilator trunk, percolate can be collected and not influence the ventilating of pipeline.
Leachate collection method of the present invention is to flow in the vent-pipe by percolate by the ventilation opening on the vent-pipe.Microorganism can produce moisture to organic oxygenolysis in composting process, and most of moisture can also be had the portion of water gravitate and ooze out with the form of percolate with the form volatilization of water vapour by ventilation.The present invention proposes a kind of pressure reduction of percolate easily discharge equipment, it is characterized in that under the prerequisite that does not influence ventilation system, utilizes water level pressure reduction principle to realize the collection and the discharging of percolate.When waterhead during greater than the pressure in the ventilator trunk, percolate can be collected and not influence the ventilating of pipeline.
Gas sampling method of the present invention is when certain stacking unit ventilates, and Dui Ying suction opening or induced exhaust this moment also should be corresponding with it with bigger rate of air sucked in required with it.Be that the exhausting amount is controlled by ventilation.This method can reduce the influence to environment of the waste gas that produces in the stacking procedure, and optimizes the gas sampling system, reduces and bleeds and the energy consumption of off gas treatment.
When many air draft pipes of main air draft correspondence, with be connected main air duct before all be provided with the adjustable electric control valve of independent aperture, with ventilation system and the control of gas sampling system interlink, thereby effectively avoided the wasting of resources that gas is excessive disorderly and minimizing blindness exhausting is brought in the workshop.
The present invention also proposes a kind of air draft pipe elevating method, can more effective orientation, the location collects waste gas.When compost stacking stone or turn over after polishing working finishes, by control, induced exhaust or the blower cover that is hung in the top can descend, near the top of bar heap, to reach more effective collection produces waste gas from the bar heap purpose.Behind the compost fermentation end cycle, again induced exhaust or blower cover are promoted, so that the discharging operation.
The present invention is with gas sampling and airy combined optimization, bleed off passage, rate of air sucked in required are combined with the unitary operation condition of stacking, foul smell generating capacity, thereby reach effective collection waste gas and the effect that reduces total exhausting amount, can be widely used in organic waste, compost method as rubbish, mud, excrement slag, be used for improving the ventilation cloth wind of compost, and the collection of waste gas and percolate.
The present invention has the following advantages:
1, reduces civilwork engineering quantity.
2, gas distribution is more even.
3, simply, effectively collect waste gas and the percolate that produces in the composting process.
4, independently control, cut down the consumption of energy.
5, reduce foul smell and discharge, improve peripheral operating environment.
Description of drawings
The present invention will be further described in detail below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the structure of cross section of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the cross-sectional structure synoptic diagram of the present invention when blower cover is installed.
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of first kind of wind-distributing pipe.
Fig. 5 is the structural representation of second kind of wind-distributing pipe.
Fig. 6 is the structural representation of the third wind-distributing pipe.
Fig. 7 is first kind of wind-distributing pipe paving mode synoptic diagram.
Fig. 8 is second kind of wind-distributing pipe paving mode synoptic diagram.
Fig. 9 is the third wind-distributing pipe paving mode synoptic diagram.
Figure 10 is the side-looking structural representation that wind-distributing pipe is laid.
Figure 11 is the structural representation of first kind of percolate buffer memory discharge equipment.
Figure 12 is the structural representation of second kind of percolate buffer memory discharge equipment.
Figure 13 is the arrangement form synoptic diagram of first kind of air draft pipe.
Figure 14 is the arrangement form synoptic diagram of second kind of air draft pipe.
Figure 15 is the up-down mode synoptic diagram of first kind of air draft pipe.
Figure 16 is the up-down mode synoptic diagram of second kind of air draft pipe.
Figure 17 is the up-down mode synoptic diagram of the third air draft pipe.
Figure 18 is the air draft pipe arrangement form synoptic diagram in gallery type compost workshop.
Figure 19 is the module map of exhausting Controlling System.
Reference numeral: 1-basis platform, the 2-blower cover, the 3-ventilation hole, the 4-wind-distributing pipe, 5-check valve door-plate, 6-U shape pipe, the 7-dielectric fluid, 8-percolate discharge outlet, the 9-blower fan, the 10-straight tube, 11-liquid, 12-clears up groove, the 13-air draft pipe, the 14-electrically operated valve, the 15-induced draft fan, the 16-stacking, the 17-pipe plug, 18-percolate spout, the 19-check valve, the 20-small-particle, the 21-bulk material, vacuum fan in the 22-pipe, the 23-roller, the 24-travelling block, the 25-slideway, the 26-pipe collar, the 27-hose connector, the 28-fixed pulley, the 29-main air draft, the 30-flexible hose, the 31-soft rubber tube, the 32-total valve, the 33-plate that is rigidly connected, 34-is chain fixedly, the 35-rope.
Embodiment
Referring to shown in Figure 1, basis platform 1 is built up by waterproof and airproof compression-resistant material, as mixing the earth material, in brace foundation 1, wind-distributing pipe 4 is laid in compost heap 16 bottoms, uniform distribution ventilation hole 3 on the airduct, wind-distributing pipe 4 is that etch-proof material is (as PVC, steel pipe), each compost heap is to there being one or a few wind-distributing pipe, one end of wind-distributing pipe is connected with the blast apparatus that can independently control with main wind-distributing pipe, and the other end seals with pipe plug, and wind-distributing pipe is laid in the closely knit measuring body basic platform 1, leave the cleaning groove at pipe plug one end, in the cleaning groove percolate buffer memory discharge equipment has been installed.When having foreign matter or percolate to infiltrate in the pipe, can open pipe plug 17 and open and ventilate, foreign matter and percolate are collected in the cleaning groove.With bar heap directly over or near liftable air draft pipe 13 of layout with independent by-pass valve control.One or more air draft pipe 13 links to each other with a main air draft 29, and main air draft links to each other with the vacuum fan of a vacuum fan or a plurality of parallel connections again, and the drive-motor of these blower fans can be a variable-frequency motor.According to the ventilation signal and the compost stage of bar heap, the open degree of by-pass valve control and height are realized the centralized collection to waste gas.
Referring to Fig. 2, being shaped as of described stacking cross section is trapezoidal, taper or semicircle.When the wind-distributing pipe that described stacking is laid down was one, wind-distributing pipe was arranged in the middle of the bottom of stacking, and the relation of wide s in stacking base and stacking height h need satisfy:
h=（0.06～1.5）×1/2?×s
When the wind-distributing pipe that stacking is laid down is many, the layout left-right symmetry of wind-distributing pipe in the bar heap, be not more than the distance b of the wind-distributing pipe of outermost side apart from a between the wind-distributing pipe, and the most left or the rightest wind-distributing pipe satisfies apart from the distance b at exterior angle, stacking base and the height h relation of stacking to exterior angle, stacking base:
h=（0.06～1.5）×b。
Referring to shown in Figure 3, the bottom of described air draft pipe 13 connects blower cover 2.
Shown in Fig. 4-6, wind-distributing pipe 4 is fixing or be cast in apart from the subsurface of ground surface certain distance, and ventilation hole has multiple arrangement form, can be the central position that is positioned at directly over the wind-distributing pipe, also can be to become 20 °～45 ° direction both-side openings up or down, staggered or symmetric arrangement.The total area summation ∑ S of all ventilation holes on every wind-distributing pipe
Go outBe wind-distributing pipe sectional area S
Cloth0.2～2 times.
Shown in Fig. 7-9, ventilation hole can have multi-form nozzle, also can be common aeration head, perhaps simple and easy welding PVC orifice plate.Have V-shaped groove or narrow bar-shaped trough on the basic platform 1 of ventilation hole top, or with wind-distributing pipe 4 with wide groove.The mode of preformed groove also can be other forms.
Referring to shown in Figure 10; one deck protective layer (floor height should between 0.5～30 centimetre) of breathing freely is being arranged above the ventilation hole of wind-distributing pipe; add the loose rubber-like again of one deck bulk material 21 again and form by one deck ventilation property, the good small-particle 20 of crushing resistance; its small particles 20 can be stone or potter's clay grain etc., and the shape material 21 that looses can be sawdust or mushroom residue etc.
Referring to shown in Figure 11, connect a U-shaped pipe 6 at percolate spout 18 near wind-distributing pipe pipe plug one end, be placed in the cleaning groove of reservation, in the U-shaped pipe, put into water as dielectric fluid 7, play the effect of water seal simultaneously, U-shaped pipe 6 the other ends are connected with the percolate discharge outlet 8 of cleaning on the groove, and the percolate discharge outlet of clearing up on the groove 8 is connected to the discharge of wastewater system.The static pressure △ P that fluid column produced of requirement adding certain altitude is not less than the blast at percolate spout 18 places at least, blast the unknown as percolate spout place, then greater than the outlet static pressure of blower fan 9, the reading of U-shaped pipe can be used as the reference of opening part blast simultaneously at this moment.Percolate flows into the U-shaped pipe along the wind-distributing pipe tube wall, and U-shaped intraluminal fluid position raises, and along with the increase of percolate, flows into wastewater collection system when liquid level is increased to percolate discharge outlet 8.
Referring to shown in Figure 12, this leachate collection system also can need not transparent straight tube 10 near 18 one of the connection of wind-distributing pipe pipe plug one end percolate spout, the static pressure △ P that height produced between straight tube 10 lower-most points and the percolate discharge outlet 8 is not less than the blast at percolate spout 18 places at least, as blast the unknown of opening part, then greater than the outlet static pressure of blower fan 9.The percolate liquid level raises in the cleaning groove along with flowing into, and rises to percolate discharge outlet 8 at last, flows into wastewater collection system.
Referring to shown in Figure 13, air draft pipe 13 can be above compost bar heap or near parallel installation, one or more air draft pipes are drawn from a main air draft 29, main air draft one end connects an induced draft fan 15.When many air draft pipes of main air draft correspondence, with be connected main air duct before all be provided with the adjustable electrically operated valve 14 of independent aperture, with ventilation system and the control of gas sampling system interlink, increase the electrically operated valve 14 of piling pairing air draft pipe 13 with bar when being controlled in a certain compost heap ventilation oxygenation peak simultaneously, can be according to the ventilation signal and the compost stage of bar heap, the open degree of by-pass valve control, when all bar heaps all do not have the air blast operation in the workshop, exhausting system has still kept the suction of certain low flow, and the open degree that valve is set is 2～50%.The control of the open degree of valve can or have the display data of foul smell proofing unit with reference to compost stage (compost time) of compost heap, and when starting oxygenate apparatus when compost heap ventilates, valve opening degree is made as 100%.Can realize start signal like this according to the compost heap Ventilation Control, increase corresponding air draft pipe rate of air sucked in required targetedly, enter compost during the phase III and stop back or compost when ventilating, the corresponding minimizing of exhausting amount or be zero, thus effectively avoided the workshop in gas excessive disorderly and reduce the wasting of resources that the blindness exhausting is brought.
Referring to shown in Figure 14, the control of the exhausting of induced exhaust is not limited to install a kind of form of electrically operated valve, also can directly establish vacuum fan 22 in the pipe in air draft pipe, and air draft pipe 13 is provided with a check valve door-plate 5 before being connected into main air draft 29.As adopt aerofoil fan, when the waste gas generation increases,, gas density also increases because of increasing the thrust of being brought thereupon, the aerofoil fan of the other end starts, the check valve door-plate will be opened, when the waste gas generation after a little while, check valve door-plate opening is subjected to the self gravitation effect and dwindles or close.
When certain compost unit was carried out ventilation operation, this period also was this compost unit waste gas generation when obviously increasing, and its top or near suction opening or induced exhaust this moment also should be corresponding with it with bigger rate of air sucked in required.Be to control exhausting amount, time period by ventilation and time period.
Referring to shown in Figure 15, collect waste gas for more effective orientation, location, the present invention also proposes a kind of air draft pipe elevating method, and the rise of pipeline is that operation for convenience is (as charging, the discharging of compost material, turn over polishing working during the compost), reduction can be more effective in the stink source.Described air draft pipe 13 is connected with main air draft 29 by flexible hose 30, air draft pipe 13 is by slideway 25(such as the joist steel of pipe collar 26 with its top) be connected, be connected with roller 23 in the slideway, roller is connected by the travelling block 24 of plate 33 with its top that be rigidly connected again, walk around rope 35(steel cable, steel chain of travelling block etc.) end and building structure top fix, and the other end is wrapped on the electric handle.Stagger mutually between the pulley assembly, can control the pull-out altitude of induced exhaust by the adjusting of electric handle being controlled corresponding some pulley assembly liftings with it.During the rope scaling, relative horizontal slip takes place with slideway 25 in the roller 23 in the assembly, and when tackleblock rose, the slideway of binding with air draft pipe slided to the right, otherwise when tackleblock descended, the slideway of binding with induced exhaust slided left.
Referring to shown in Figure 16, air draft pipe 13 is connected with main air draft 29 by soft rubber tube 31, and air draft pipe 13 is walked around rope 35 1 ends and the building structure top of travelling block and fixed by fixedly chain 34 is fixing with the travelling block 24 of its top, and the other end is wrapped on the electric handle.Stagger mutually between the pulley assembly, can control the pull-out altitude of induced exhaust by the adjusting of electric handle being controlled the lifting with its corresponding travelling block.
Referring to shown in Figure 17, also can realize the high-density of waste gas is collected by the lifting of draught hood.Air draft pipe 13 is fixing, and the suction opening below of air draft pipe connects blower covers 2 by hose connector 27, and blower cover 2 tops are connected with a fixed pulley 28 by rope 35, restricts to walk around fixed pulley 28 and be connected with electric handle.
When compost stacking stone or turn over after polishing working finishes, by control, induced exhaust or the draught hood that is hung in the top can descend, near the top of bar heap, to reach more effective collection produces waste gas from the bar heap purpose.Behind the compost fermentation end cycle, again induced exhaust or draught hood are promoted, so that the discharging operation.
Referring to shown in Figure 180, exhausting method of the present invention is when the compost shop applications of gallery type.Foul smell is collected main air draft pipeline 29 by air draft pipe 13, and by the jointly controlling of air blast and exhausting, guaranteed waste gas produced in order, high density collects.In the middle of the enforcement, also can be by regulating open degree near the total valve 32 of central position, appropriateness increases the exhausting amount at middle part, gallery compost workshop, and airflow will flow to the middle part by the two ends of gallery, form airflow from outside to inside.
Referring to shown in Figure 19, be stacked in the time period and open simultaneously when ventilating when several, consider the vacuum fan ability, Controlling System can adopt exhausting control dynamic queueing mechanism.When this kind situation occurs, by the time-delay setting on controller, the exhausting operation suitable time-delay of each bar heap, ordering, the compost heap that satisfies the exhausting condition at first sends the exhausting signal to middle control at first, successively queuing.Middle control starts the exhausting valve that sends the application signal at first at first according to the signal that is obtained, thereby significantly reduces exhaust equipment investment cost and working cost and maintenance.
Claims (10)
1. the ventilating stacks of a compost, the system of waste gas and leachate collection, the wind-distributing pipe (4) and the basic platform (1) that comprise stacking (16) bottom, it is characterized in that: stacking is arranged in parallel into rectangular heap shape, in the basic platform (1) of every stacking bottom along stacking length to laying at least one wind-distributing pipe (4), be distributed with ventilation hole (3) on the wind-distributing pipe, the basic platform (1) of ventilation hole top has groove, and be covered with ventilative protective layer in the groove above ventilation hole, wind-distributing pipe one end connects with the main wind-distributing pipe that is connected blower fan (9), the wind-distributing pipe the other end seals with pipe plug (17), the percolate spout (18) that one end of wind-distributing pipe sealing has down, be provided with cleaning groove (12) at pipe plug and percolate spout (18) periphery, be provided with the percolate buffer memory discharge equipment that is connected with percolate spout (18) in the cleaning groove, cleaning groove (12) one sides have percolate discharge outlet (8), percolate discharge outlet (8) and discharge of wastewater pipe coupling;
Described stacking (16) top is distributed with suction opening to an air draft pipe (13) is set in the air draft pipe bottom along long, and each bar air draft pipe (13) is connected with main air draft (29).
2. the system of the ventilating stacks of compost according to claim 1, waste gas and leachate collection, it is characterized in that: when the wind-distributing pipe that lay described stacking bottom is one, wind-distributing pipe is arranged in the middle of the stacking bottom, and the relation of wide s in stacking base and stacking height h need satisfy:
h=（0.06～1.5）×1/2?×s；
When the wind-distributing pipe that described stacking is laid down is many, the layout left-right symmetry of wind-distributing pipe in the bar heap, be not more than the distance b of the wind-distributing pipe of outermost side apart from a between the wind-distributing pipe, and the most left or the rightest wind-distributing pipe satisfies apart from the distance b at exterior angle, stacking base and the height h relation of stacking to exterior angle, stacking base:
h=（0.06～1.5）×b。
3. the system of the ventilating stacks of compost according to claim 1, waste gas and leachate collection; it is characterized in that: be connected with nozzle, aeration head or PVC orifice plate on the ventilation hole (3) of described wind-distributing pipe (4); have V-shaped groove or narrow bar-shaped trough on the basic platform (1) of ventilation hole (3) top; or with wind-distributing pipe (4) with wide groove, the ventilative protective layer in the groove is by one deck small-particle (20) and one deck shape material (21) formation of loosing.
4. according to the system of ventilating stacks, waste gas and the leachate collection of claim 1 or 3 described compost, it is characterized in that: described percolate buffer memory discharge equipment is a U-shaped pipe (6), U-shaped Guan Yiduan is connected with percolate spout (18) on the wind-distributing pipe, the other end is connected with the percolate discharge outlet (8) of cleaning on the groove, dielectric fluid (7) is housed in the U-shaped pipe (6), and the static pressure △ P that the dielectric fluid height is produced is not less than the blast that percolate spout (18) is located.
5. the ventilating stacks of compost according to claim 4, the system of waste gas and leachate collection, it is characterized in that: described percolate buffer memory discharge equipment is a straight tube (10), straight tube upper end is connected with percolate spout (18) on the wind-distributing pipe, the other end stretches into the cleaning trench bottom, below the cleaning inherent percolate discharge outlet of groove (8) liquid (11) is housed, pipe plug (17) outside is connected with detects valve (19), and the static pressure △ P that height produced between straight tube (10) lower-most point and the percolate discharge outlet is not less than the blast that percolate spout (18) is located.
6. the system of the ventilating stacks of compost according to claim 4, waste gas and leachate collection, it is characterized in that: be equipped with electrically operated valve (14) in described each bar air draft pipe (13), electrically operated valve (14) is by the control of exhausting Controlling System, and main air draft (29) is connected with induced draft fan (15); Perhaps in each air draft pipe (13), be provided with vacuum fan (22) in the pipe, and be provided with a check valve door-plate (5) in a side of air-out.
7. the system of the ventilating stacks of compost according to claim 4, waste gas and leachate collection, it is characterized in that: described air draft pipe (13) is fixing, the suction opening below of air draft pipe connects blower cover (2) by hose connector (27), blower cover (2) top is connected with a fixed pulley (28) by rope (35), and rope is walked around fixed pulley (28) and is connected with electric handle.
8. the system of the ventilating stacks of compost according to claim 4, waste gas and leachate collection, it is characterized in that: described air draft pipe (13) is connected with main air draft (29) by flexible pipe, air draft pipe (13) is connected by the slideway (25) of pipe collar (26) with its top, be connected with roller (23) in the slideway, roller is fixing with travelling block (24) welding of its top by the plate that is rigidly connected (33) again, walk around rope one end and the building structure top of travelling block (24) and fix, the other end is wrapped on the electric handle; Perhaps air draft pipe (13) directly by fixedly chain (34) is fixing with the travelling block (24) of its top, is walked around rope (35) one ends and the building structure top of travelling block and is fixed, and the other end is wrapped on the electric handle.
9. according to the system of ventilating stacks, waste gas and the leachate collection of claim 1 or 8 described compost, it is characterized in that: described air draft pipe (13) bottom also is connected with blower cover (2).
10. the method for the ventilating stacks of a compost, waste gas and leachate collection is characterized in that:
The method of ventilation of described stacking is as follows: stacking (16) is arranged in parallel into rectangular heap shape, the basic platform (1) of stacking bottom inner along stacking length to laying at least one wind-distributing pipe (4), wind-distributing pipe one end connects with the main wind-distributing pipe that is connected blower fan (9), the other end seals with pipe plug (17), and on wind-distributing pipe, lay the ventilative protective layer of one deck, air enters semicircular in shape uniform distribution behind the stacking from the ventilation hole (3) on the wind-distributing pipe;
The leachate collection method of described stacking is as follows:
Percolate flows into wind-distributing pipe (4) inside by ventilation hole (3), percolate spout (18) periphery at pipe plug and wind-distributing pipe is provided with cleaning groove (12), and in cleaning groove (19) installation percolate buffer memory discharge equipment, percolate buffer memory discharge equipment is connected the percolate discharge outlet (8) and discharge of wastewater pipe coupling of cleaning groove (12) one sides with percolate spout (18);
The gas sampling method of described stacking is as follows:
In every stacking (16) top along stacking length to an air draft pipe (13) is set, the air draft pipe bottom is distributed with suction opening, electrically operated valve (14) is installed on every air draft pipe, electrically operated valve (14) is connected with the exhausting Controlling System, each bar air draft pipe (13) is connected with main air draft (29), and main air draft (29) is connected with induced draft fan (15), by ventilation signal and the compost stage of exhausting Controlling System according to each stacking, the open degree of by-pass valve control, thereby control exhausting amount.
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