CN101809387B - 用于使冷藏系统中保持均匀温度的方法和设备 - Google Patents
用于使冷藏系统中保持均匀温度的方法和设备 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种冷藏系统,包括空气冷却器、限定有隔室的储藏箱、管道系统和阀系统。所述空气冷却器将冷空气吹进所述管道系统。所述隔室具有第一开口和第二开口,每个开口连接到所述管道系统。所述阀系统具有可以移动的阀以限定冷空气的路线,于是冷空气进入所述第一开口并且从所述第二开口流出,或者方向相反。在一个实施例中,所述第一开口布置在所述隔室的顶部,所述第二开口布置在所述隔室的底部,并且所述阀系统由一个控制电路控制,所述控制电路周期性地转换所述阀以改变所述冷空气的方向。这样在整个所述隔室保持相当均匀的温度。
Description
技术领域
本申请主要涉及食物和饮料的冷藏,更具体地是涉及改变空气流以保持均匀温度的食物和饮料冷藏系统。
背景技术
保持相当均匀的温度对于任何冷藏系统都是重要的,但是对于食物和饮料的冷藏尤其重要。没有合适的温度分布,冷藏箱中的有些食物会太冷而导致不需要的冷冻,而有些食物会太热而带来损坏的风险。很多时候,均匀的温度不仅是所需要的,而且是由规定所要求的。例如,根据飞行器操作官方规定,要求客运航线上提供的特定类型的食物保持在不超过7℃的最高温度下,在有些国家要求保持不超过4℃。
典型地,预先准备的航线食物在提供给乘客之前被储藏在厨房手推车内。然而,现有的厨房冷却系统必须强制刚好在冰点之上的空气进入厨房手推车或者容纳几个厨房手推车的绝热隔室,以便确保所述手推车的任何部分中的温度都不超过要求的温度。这是由于空气穿过或者经过所述厨房手推车而带走进入厨房手推车或者隔室的热量时温度会升高的原因。所述4℃的较低的最高温度要求意味着现有的冷空气源不足以满足要求,因此需要使用更多电力的更高功率且更沉重的系统。因此,可以看出的是,需要一种用于使冷藏系统中保持均匀温度的新的方法和装置。
发明内容
根据前述内容,提供一种用于使冷藏系统中保持均匀温度的方法和装置。根据本发明的实施例,所述方法包括沿第一方向引导冷空气穿过厨房手推车或者隔室、使所述冷空气的流动转换到第二方向(与第一方向基本相反),并且周期性地重复这些步骤。在另一实施例中,所述设备包括空气冷却器、限定有隔室的储藏箱、管道系统和阀系统。所述空气冷却器将冷空气吹入所述管道系统。所述隔室具有第一和第二开口,所述第一和第二开口中的每个开口均连接到所述管道系统。所述阀系统具有阀,所述阀可以被移动以限定冷空气的路线,使所述冷空气进入第一开口并从第二开口离开,或者相反。在一个实施例中,所述第一开口位于所述隔室的顶部,所述第二开口位于所述隔室的底部,所述阀系统由一个控制电路控制,所述控制电路周期性地转换所述阀(通过致动器)以改变冷空气的方向。这样在整个所述隔室有效地保持了相当均匀的温度。
附图说明
图1示出结合本发明实施例使用的厨房手推车的后透视图;
图2示出门打开情况下的图1中所示的手推车。
图3是根据本发明实施例构造的冷藏系统的前视图,其中阀系统处于第一构造;
图4是图3的冷藏系统的视图,其中阀系统处于第二构造。
具体实施方式
参考图1和2,示出了结合实施例使用的厨房手推车。整体用10标记的所述手推车包括箱12和附连到箱12的底部的脚轮14。所述箱12具有前侧16和后侧19。门20通过铰链22附连到前侧16。所述箱12具有由所述门20的内表面26、后壁28、第一侧壁30、第二侧壁32、顶板34和底板36限定的储藏隔室24。
导轨38从所述第一侧壁30和第二侧壁32伸出,所述导轨38构造用于支撑食物托盘。所述箱12还具有附连到第一侧壁30和第二侧壁32的隔板(divider)40。所述隔板40设置在所述侧壁30和32的垂直中点处或者设置在大约所述侧壁30和32的垂直中点。所述隔板40具有一对大体为V形的切口42,即靠近所述门20的切口和靠近所述后壁28的切口。所述后壁28具有一对大体为方形的开口,即第一开口43和第二开口45,在所述第一和第二开口中设置有第一栅网(grill)24和第二栅网46。所述第一和第二开口43、45连接所述储藏隔室44与箱12的外部,从而允许空气运动通过栅网44和46进入或者排出。
第一栅网44布置成靠近顶板34,而第二栅网46布置成靠近底板36。第一和第二栅网44和46允许空气流过所述后壁28。
参考图3,下面将对根据本发明实施例构造的冷藏系统的例子进行描述。整体用100标记的所述系统包括手推车栅栏(cart corral)102、设置在所述手推车栅栏102的顶部的空气冷却器104以及设置在所述手推车栅栏102内的管道系统106。所述管道系统具有一个进口108和一个出口110。所述空气冷却器104具有连接到所述管道系统106的进口108的一个出口。所述空气冷却器104还具有连接到所述管道系统106的出口110的一个进口。
所述管道系统106具有一个主管道112,所述主管道112围绕所述手推车栅栏102的内周延伸。所述主管道112从所述管道系统106的进口108开始,并终止于所述管道系统106的出口110。
所述手推车栅栏102具有一个开放侧114,所述开放侧114使手推车能够停放到所述栅栏102内。图3示出3个手推车,每个手推车均停放在所述栅栏102内。假定该例子中的手推车10与图1中的手推车10具有相同的构造。每个手推车10停放成其前侧16面对所述手推车栅栏102的开放侧114。
除了所述主管道112之外,所述管道系统106还包括第一支路116和第二支路118。所述第一支路116具有开口120,所述开口120靠近或者连接所述手推车10的第一开口43。相似地,所述第二支路118具有开口122,所述开口122靠近或者连接所述手推车10的第二开口45。
在所述管道系统106内设置有阀系统,所述阀系统包括第一阀124和第二阀126。所述冷藏系统100还包括一个控制单元128。所述控制单元128包括一个控制电路130,所述控制电路130通过发送信号到一个机械地连接所述第一和第二阀124和126的致动器来控制第一和第二阀124和126的运动。第一阀124具有至少两个位置--如图3中所示的第一位置和如图4中所示的第二位置,在所述第一位置,所述第一阀124引导空气从管道系统106的进口108流到所述第一支路116;在所述第二位置,第一阀124阻止空气从管道系统106的进口108直接流到所述第一支路116。所述第二阀126也具有至少两个位置--如图3中所示的第一位置和如图4中所示的第二位置,在所述第一位置,所述第二阀126阻止空气从第一支路116流到主管道112;在所述第二位置,所述第二阀126允许空气从第一支路116流到主管道112。
所述冷藏系统100具有至少两种操作模式--正常空气流模式和反向空气流模式。下面将参考图3对所述正常空气流模式进行描述。在所述正常空气流模式中,所述阀系统处于第一阀124和第二阀126分别位于它们的第一位置的构造。空气冷却器104将冷空气吹进管道系统106的进口108中。因为第一阀124阻止空气流从进口108直接进入主管道112,所以空气从进口108流到第一支路116,然后流过第一支路116的开口120并穿过手推车10的第一开口43。所述冷空气流过每个手推车10的储藏隔室24、穿过大体为V形的切口42,并从手推车10的第二开口45流出。从第二开口45流出的所述冷空气经过第二支路118、前往主管道112并从出口110流出。
下面将参考图4对所述反向空气流模式进行描述。在所述反向空气流模式中,所述阀系统处于第一阀124和第二阀126分别位于它们的第二位置的构造。所述第一阀124位于它的第二位置,引导空气流从进口108到所述主管道112。同时第二阀126位于它的第二位置,阻止来自主管道112的空气流通过出口110直接流回冷却器104。可替代地,所述空气从主管道112流入第二支路118、穿过第二支路118的开口122并穿过所述手推车10的第二开口45。然后,所述冷空气经过每个手推车10的储藏隔室24、穿过所述大体为V形的切口42并从手推车10的第一开口43流出。所述离开第一开口43的冷空气经过第一支路116、前往主管道112并穿过所述出口110回到冷却器104。
根据本发明的实施例,所述冷藏系统周期性地从正常空气流模式转换到反向空气流模式。转换空气流的时间间隔可能取决于多个因素(诸如所需的系统温度),而且还可能取决于测量到的系统温度。这可能包括例如确定手推车顶部的温度相对于手推车底部的温度之间是否存在温差的温度传感器。如果上述温差超过了特定的阈值,空气流可以被转换以提供更均匀的冷却。在一种执行模式中,所述转换可以2-30分钟地周期性发生。所述的在正常模式和反向模式之间的转换是由控制单元128的控制电路130控制的。周期性地反转空气流动有助于均衡整个隔室24的温度。
本领域技术人员应当理解的是,前面描述的实施例中在本发明的冷却系统内容纳有3个不同的手推车。可以容易地想到更多或者更少手推车的同样的发明。例如,可以想到只有一个手推车的发明,其中两个阀操作用于引导空气流最初沿一个方向穿过所述手推车,然后引导空气流沿另一个方向穿过所述手推车。
从前面可以看出的是,已经对新的、有用的用于甄别和管理流通陈列的方法和系统进行了描述。在描述本发明的上下文中(特别是下面权利要求的上下文中) “一个”、“一”、“所述”和类似表述的使用将被解释成覆盖单数和复数,除非另外在上下文指出或者由上下文清楚地反驳。这里数值范围的列举仅仅意欲用作简便方法以单独指出每个分开的、落入保护范围的值,除非这里另外指出,并且每个分开的值结合在说明书中,如同在这里单独列举的。这里描述的所有方法可以任何合适的顺序执行,除非这里另外指出或者由上下文明确反驳。所有或者任意这些实施例的使用,或者这里提供的典型文字(举例来说:诸如)仅仅用于更好地说明本发明而不是限制本发明的范围,除非另外要求。说明书中没有文字应当被解释成将任何没有被要求的要素指定成实施本发明所必不可少的要素。
Claims (20)
1.一种用于冷却多个食物或饮料隔室的方法,所述方法包括:
(a)引导冷空气沿第一方向借助于管道系统穿过所述隔室;
(b)在步骤(a)之后,阻止冷空气流沿第一方向流动;
(c)在步骤(b)之后,引导冷空气沿第二方向穿过所述隔室,所述第二方向基本上与第一方向相反;
(d)在步骤(c)之后,阻止冷空气流沿所述第二方向流动;以及
(e)在步骤(d)之后,重复步骤(a);
其中,专门通过操作包括第一阀和第二阀的阀系统实现在第一方向和第二方向之间引导冷空气,每个阀都具有允许空气沿第一方向流动的第一位置和允许空气沿第二方向流动的第二位置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,还包括在步骤(a)之后、在执行步骤(b)之前等待一个预定的时间间隔。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中所述第一方向是从所述隔室的顶部到所述隔室的底部,而所述第二方向是从所述隔室的底部到所述隔室的顶部。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(a)包括阻断所述冷空气流过管道系统的第一支路,并且不阻断冷空气向下流到所述管道系统的第二支路。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(a)包括引导所述冷空气进入所述隔室的第一开口并从所述隔室的第二开口流出,其中步骤(c)包括引导所述冷空气流入所述隔室的第二开口并从所述隔室的第一开口流出。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中步骤(a)包括阻断管道系统的一部分,以阻止所述冷空气通过所述第一开口流出,并且步骤(d)包括阻断管道系统的一部分,以阻止所述冷空气通过所述第一开口进入。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中步骤(a)包括使空气冷却以产生冷空气、吹送所述冷空气穿过管道系统的连接到所述隔室的第一开口,并将管道系统中的一组阀移动到第一位置;
其中步骤(c)包括使空气冷却以产生冷空气、将所述冷空气吹进所述第一开口,并将所述一组阀移动到第二位置。
8.一种冷却食物或饮料的设备,所述设备包括:
空气冷却器;
限定有隔室的多个储藏箱,所述储藏箱具有第一开口和第二开口,所述第一和第二开口允许空气经过所述隔室和所述储藏箱的外部之间;
管道系统,所述管道系统连接到所述空气冷却器和所述第一和第二开口;
阀系统,所述阀系统包括阀,所述阀具有第一位置和第二位置,在所述第一位置,所述阀允许空气从空气冷却器流入所述第一开口,在所述第二位置,所述阀阻止空气进入所述第一开口,但是允许空气通过所述第一开口流出;
其中,专门通过第一阀和第二阀使经过管道系统的空气的流动反向。
9.根据权利要求8所述的设备,还包括设置在所述隔室内的隔板,其中所述隔板将所述隔室分隔成上部和下部,所述隔板具有允许冷空气在所述上部和下部之间流动的切口。
10.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中所述储藏箱具有顶部和底部,所述第一开口布置成靠近所述顶部,所述第二开口布置成靠近所述底部。
11.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中所述管道系统包括连接到所述第一开口的第一支路,其中当所述阀位于所述第二位置时,所述阀阻断所述第一支路。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,其中所述阀是第一阀,并且所述阀系统还包括第二阀,其中所述第二阀具有第一位置和第二位置,在所述第二阀的所述第一位置,所述第二阀阻止空气从所述第一开口流出,并且在所述第二阀的所述第二位置,所述第二阀允许空气从所述第一开口流出。
13.根据权利要求8所述的设备,还包括一个控制电路,所述控制电路周期性地启动所述阀从所述第一位置到所述第二位置的运动。
14.根据权利要求8所述的设备,其中所述阀是第一阀,所述阀系统还包括第二阀,所述设备还包括一个控制电路,所述控制电路传送信号来将所述第一阀从所述第一位置移动到所述第二位置,并且将所述第二阀从阻止空气从所述第一开口离开的第一位置移动到允许空气从所述第一开口离开的第二位置。
15.根据权利要求14所述的设备,其中所述管道系统还包括第一支路,第二支路和主管道,所述第一支路连接到所述第一开口,所述第二支路连接到所述第二开口,所述主管道连接到所述空气冷却器、所述第一支路和所述第二支路。
16.一种用于冷却食物或饮料的系统,所述系统包括:
包括箱的手推车栅栏;
产生冷空气的冷却单元;
输送所述冷空气的管道系统;
具有每个都带有第一构造和第二构造的第一阀和第二阀的阀系统;
至少部分地设置在所述箱内的多个手推车,所述多个手推车中的每个手推车包括隔室,并且具有将所述隔室连接到所述管道系统的第一开口和将所述隔室连接到所述管道系统的第二开口;
其中,当所述阀系统处于所述第一构造时,所述冷空气的路线被限定成进入所述多个手推车的每个手推车的第一开口,并从所述多个手推车的每个手推车的第二开口流出;当所述阀系统处于所述第二构造时,所述冷空气的路线被限定成进入所述多个手推车的每个手推车的第二开口,并从所述多个手推车的每个手推车的第一开口流出;专门通过第一阀和第二阀实现将空气的路径从沿第一方向改变为沿第二方向。
17.根据权利要求16所述的系统,还包括一个控制电路,所述控制电路控制所述阀系统处于所述第一构造和所述阀系统处于所述第二构造之间的时间间隔。
18.根据权利要求17所述的系统,其中所述时间间隔大约为2-30分钟。
19.根据权利要求18所述的系统,其中由空气冷却器产生的所述冷空气的温度在大约0-7摄氏度之间。
20.根据权利要求16所述的系统,其中所述第一开口靠近每个手推车的顶部,所述第二开口靠近每个手推车的底部。
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US11/891,692 US8056349B2 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2007-08-13 | Method and apparatus for maintaining a uniform temperature in a refrigeration system |
PCT/US2008/072749 WO2009023619A1 (en) | 2007-08-13 | 2008-08-11 | Method and apparatus for maintaining a uniform temperature in a refrigeration system |
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