CN101805770B - 一种利用全细胞生物催化生产环磷酸腺苷的方法 - Google Patents
一种利用全细胞生物催化生产环磷酸腺苷的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种利用全细胞生物催化生产环磷酸腺苷的方法,其特征在于以多羟基有机试剂保护酶的活性,以环磷酸腺苷前体物质和磷酸根离子为底物,以葡萄糖为能量供体,加入金属离子,利用有透性的微生物菌株,全细胞催化生产环磷酸腺苷。本发明使用金属离子的组合物调控代谢流量从而提高能量自偶联效率,加入有机试剂对菌体和酶的活性进行保护,利用有透性的微生物菌株来制备环磷酸腺苷,缩短了合成时间,并使得产物积累到胞外,从而可以节省后续分离的成本和简化操作步骤。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于生物催化技术领域,具体涉及一种利用全细胞生物催化生产环磷酸腺苷的方法。
背景技术
环磷酸腺苷是人体内广泛存在的一种具有生理活性的重要物质,作为细胞内的第二信使,对糖、脂肪代谢、核酸、蛋白质等的合成调节起着重要的作用。临床上用于治疗心绞痛、心肌梗死、心肌炎及心源性休克;对改善风湿性心脏病的心悸、气急、胸闷等症状有一定的作用;可提高急性白血病结合化疗的疗效,亦可用于急性白血病的诱导缓解;此外,对老年慢性支气管炎、各种肝炎和银屑病也有一定疗效。环磷酸腺苷也可作为药物中间体制备二丁酰环磷腺苷和环磷腺苷葡甲胺,提高脂溶性,从而发挥更有效的生理及药理作用。环磷酸腺苷亦可用于畜禽食品添加剂,在离体条件下模拟生长激素的作用,促进畜禽生长,增加优质禽产品产量。
环磷酸腺苷的制备方法主要有化学合成法、发酵法、酶促转化法3种。国内外目前全部采用化学合成法,以腺苷一磷酸为原料,采用高效分离柱进行中间体分离,操作复杂,溶剂损耗量大,收率低成本高,产量小。发酵法是在含有C、N源的基本培养基上添加前体物质,通过培养微生物细胞可以获得大量的环磷酸腺苷。但是该方法由于存在细胞膜透性、氧的传质、环境互适应机制等技术瓶颈,离工业化还有一定的距离。全细胞生物催化是利用哺乳动物或微生物(节杆菌、液化短杆菌等)来源的环磷酸腺苷合成酶系来合成环磷酸腺苷。由于细胞具有维持其生命活动的完整的多酶系统,各种酶又保持着原有生活细胞所处的状态和特定位置,因此用微生物细胞直接作为酶源进行酶催化反应,能够迅速有效地完成多步酶催化反应,并且可以省去将酶从微生物细胞中提取出来的步骤。由于其反应产物纯度高、分离提纯容易、反应周期短、无污染等特点越来越受到研究者的关注。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种可降低成本且操作方便的利用全细胞生物催化生产环磷酸腺苷的方法。
本发明的思路是:针对酶促反应中酶的活性容易受到损伤的缺陷,可加入多羟基的有机试剂来保护酶的活性。由于细胞具有维持其生命活动的完整的多酶系统,各种酶又保持着原有生活细胞所处的状态和特定位置,因此用微生物细胞直接作为酶源进行酶催化反应,能够迅速有效地完成多步酶催化反应,并且可以省去将酶从微生物细胞中提取出来的步骤。
为解决上述技术问题,本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种利用全细胞生物催化生产环磷酸腺苷的方法,以多羟基有机试剂保护酶的活性,以环磷酸腺苷前体物质和磷酸根离子为底物,以葡萄糖为能量供体,加入金属离子,利用有透性的微生物菌株,全细胞催化生产环磷酸腺苷。
其中,所述的多羟基有机试剂为甘露醇、麦芽糖醇、木糖醇、乳糖醇、山梨醇、乙二醇和甘油中的任意一种或几种。
其中,所述的环磷酸前体物质为腺嘌呤、腺苷、腺苷单磷酸、腺苷三磷酸、肌苷、肌苷酸或次黄嘌呤。
其中,所述的金属离子为镁离子和铵离子中的任意一种或几种。
其中,所述的微生物菌株为节杆菌、微杆菌、液化短杆菌、玫瑰色石蜡节杆菌、大肠杆菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、酵母菌、棒杆菌和产氨短杆菌属中的任意一种。
酵母细胞的使用量为按湿菌体10~1000g/L,优选200~600g/L,即对于总体积为1L的反应液,需加入10~1000g湿菌体,优选加入200~600g湿菌体。
酵母的利用形式为酵母细胞的干燥物、经过发酵培养分离离心得到的细胞、固定化细胞、细胞的冻干物、市售酵母粉、风干酵母或废酵母泥。
其中,有透性的微生物菌株,是指通过化学、物理或生物方法处理细胞从而得到细胞膜的通透性改变的生产微生物菌株,具体方法为表面活性剂法、有机溶剂法、冻融法、超声波处理法、风干法、冷冻干燥法或溶菌酶法。
表面活性剂法中使用的表面活性剂为非离子型表面活性剂聚环氧乙烷胺或曲拉通X-100,阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲胺·溴化物,或阴离子表面活性剂月桂酰·肌氨酸盐,表面活性剂使用量为0.01~50g/L,优选1~20g/L,即表面活性剂法处理生产菌株时,将表面活性剂直接加入反应液,对于总体积为1L的反应液,加入0.01~50g,优选加入1~20g。
有机溶剂法中使用的有机溶剂为二甲苯、甲苯、脂肪醇、丙酮或乙酸乙酯,有机溶剂浓度为0.01~50mL/L,优选以1~20mL/L,即有机溶剂法处理生产菌株时,将有机溶剂直接加入反应液,对于总体积为1L的反应液,加入0.01~50mL,优选加入1~20mL。
其它处理细胞透性的方法,如冻融法、超声波处理法、风干法等,采用先将菌株细胞处理后,再将处理好的菌株加入反应液的方式。
多羟基有机试剂的初始反应浓度为0.001~10g/L,环磷酸腺苷前体物质初始反应浓度为0.01~100g/L,磷酸根离子的初始反应浓度为0.01~100g/L,葡萄糖的初始反应浓度为0.01~100g/L,金属离子的初始反应浓度为0.001~10g/L,微生物菌株的使用量为按湿菌体10~1000g/L。优选的是,多羟基有机试剂的初始反应浓度为0.5~1.5g/L,环磷酸腺苷前体物质初始反应浓度为2~15g/L,磷酸根离子的初始反应浓度为5~20g/L,葡萄糖的初始反应浓度为50~80g/L,金属离子的初始反应浓度为2~7g/L,微生物菌株的使用量为按湿菌体20~1000g/L。
上述环磷酸腺苷的生成反应在水溶液中进行,在pH4~10,25~38℃条件下反应2~200小时,优选在pH6~8,28~35℃条件下反应5~20小时。
本发明的有益效果如下:
1、大量的研究经验发现多羟基有机试剂的加入可以提高酶的化学势能,从而需要更多的自由能才能破坏酶的结构,这从另一方面来讲使得酶的构象更为稳定,保护了酶的活性。
2、本发明与酶催化相比,由于使用的是全细胞,胞内的酶受细胞壁/细胞膜的保护,酶稳定性更好,半衰期更长,更易实现能量和辅酶的再生;胞内多种酶系的存在以实现酶的级联反应可以弥补酶法催化中级联催化不易实现的不足,同时省去酶的纯化过程,制备简单,成本低廉。
3、对微生物进行预处理,改善了微生物细胞壁的通透性,加速反应组分向微生物细胞的扩散、渗透,促进底物和酶系的接触,可使最大转化率以及最大得率出现的时间在一定限度内缩短。
具体实施方式
根据下述实施例,可以更好地理解本发明。然而,本领域的技术人员容易理解,实施例所描述的具体的物料配比、工艺条件及其结果仅用于说明本发明,而不应当也不会限制权利要求书中所详细描述的本发明。
实施例1:
微生物菌株培养基:葡萄糖50g/L,尿素2.0g/L,磷酸二氢钾5.0g/L,硫酸镁0.5g/L,生物素0.05×10-3g/L。
微生物菌株接种量10%,于30℃下120rpm摇床培养24小时,离心8000rpm,10分钟。取菌泥,-10℃保藏备用。
实施例2:利用次黄嘌呤合成环磷酸腺苷。
取500mL烧杯,配制4g/L次黄嘌呤由50g/L葡萄糖、100g节杆菌菌泥、8g/L磷酸二氢钾、1g/L MgSO4、1g/L NH4Cl、4.5mL甲苯、0.5g/L甘露醇、0.5g/L的木糖醇和水组成的反应液300mL,用氢氧化钠调pH至6.5,于30℃条件下低速搅拌反应8h,反应结束后,用40%三氯乙酸沉淀,用HPLC对环磷酸腺苷进行定量分析,转化液中含环磷酸腺苷4.5g/L。
实施例3:利用腺苷合成环磷酸腺苷。
取500ml烧杯,配制由6g/L腺苷、60g/L葡萄糖、120g风干后的微杆菌菌泥、10g/L磷酸二氢钾、10g/L磷酸氢二钾、0.5g/L MgCl2、2g/L NH4Cl、1g/L的甘油、1g/L甘露醇和水组成的反应液300mL,用氢氧化钾调pH至7.0,于33℃条件下低速搅拌反应6h,反应结束后,用40%三氯乙酸沉淀,用HPLC对环磷酸腺苷进行定量分析,转化液中含环磷酸腺苷3.5g/L。
实施例4:利用腺嘌呤合成环磷酸腺苷
取500ml烧杯,配制由10g/L腺嘌呤、50g/L葡萄糖、300g液化短杆菌、5g/L磷酸氢二钠、2g/L MgCl2、2g/L NH4Cl、0.3mL丙酮、1g/L的甘油和水组成的反应液300mL,用氢氧化钾调pH至7.5,于32℃条件下低速搅拌反应5h,反应结束后,用40%三氯乙酸沉淀,用HPLC对环磷酸腺苷进行定量分析,转化液中含环磷酸腺苷3.2g/L。
实施例5:利用腺苷单磷酸合成环磷酸腺苷
取500ml烧杯,配制由10g/L腺苷单磷酸、70g/L葡萄糖、60g棒杆菌菌泥、7g/L磷酸氢二钠、3g/L MgCl2、1g/L NH4Cl、15mL丙酮、0.6g/L的甘油和水组成的反应液300mL,用氢氧化钾调pH至8,于28℃条件下低速搅拌反应20h,反应结束后,用40%三氯乙酸沉淀,用HPLC对环磷酸腺苷进行定量分析,转化液中含环磷酸腺苷1.2g/L。
实施例6:利用腺苷三磷酸合成环磷酸腺苷
取500ml烧杯,配制由12g/L腺苷三磷酸、80g/L葡萄糖、180g节杆菌菌泥、5g/L磷酸氢二钠、2g/L MgCl2、5g/L NH4Cl、0.03g阳离子型表面活性剂十六烷基三甲胺·溴化物、1.5g/L的甘油和水组成的反应液300mL,用氢氧化钾调pH至6.5,于31℃条件下低速搅拌反应10h,反应结束后,用40%三氯乙酸沉淀,用HPLC对环磷酸腺苷进行定量分析,转化液中含环磷酸腺苷4.0g/L。
实施例7:利用肌苷合成环磷酸腺苷
取500ml烧杯,配调制由6g/L肌苷、80g/L葡萄糖、80g产氨短杆菌、6g/L磷酸氢二钠、5g/LMgCl2、2g/LNH4Cl、1.5g阴离子表面活性剂月桂酰·肌氨酸盐、1g/L的甘油和水组成的反应液300mL,用氢氧化钾调pH至7,于34℃条件下低速搅拌反应18h,反应结束后,用40%三氯乙酸沉淀,用HPLC对环磷酸腺苷进行定量分析,转化液中含环磷酸腺苷1.2g/L。
Claims (1)
1.一种利用全细胞生物催化生产环磷酸腺苷的方法,其特征在于取500mL烧杯,配制由4g/L次黄嘌呤、50g/L葡萄糖、100g节杆菌菌泥、8g/L磷酸二氢钾、1g/L MgSO4、1g/L NH4Cl、4.5mL甲苯、0.5g/L甘露醇、0.5g/L的木糖醇和水组成的反应液300mL,用氢氧化钠调pH至6.5,于30℃条件下低速搅拌反应8h。
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