CN101801750A - 用于运行传动系的方法 - Google Patents
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- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
- B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种用于运行汽车的传动系的方法,该传动系包含:至少一个具有内燃机和电动机的混合式驱动装置;安置在混合式驱动装置和从动端之间的变速器;以及安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器,当仅仅电动机驱动时,能够通过闭合所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器来起动内燃机。根据本发明,当在仅以电动方式驱动的情况下电动机在惯性行驶模式下运行并且从已确定的驾驶者期望力矩推导出合乎期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式的过渡时,利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换如此起动内燃机,即,将所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器至少部分闭合,从而该离合器传递为起动内燃机所需的力矩。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种如权利要求1的前序部分所述的用于运行汽车的传动系的方法,该传动系包含至少一个变速器和一个混合式驱动装置。
背景技术
传动系的主要组成部分是动力装置和变速器。变速器改变转速和转矩并且转换动力装置的牵引力供应。本发明涉及一种用于运行汽车的传动系的方法,其包含至少一个变速器和一个作为动力装置的混合式驱动装置。
US 2005/0221 947 A1公开了一种用于运行汽车的包含自动变速器和混合式驱动装置的传动系的方法,一方面在混合式驱动装置的内燃机和混合式驱动装置的电动机之间设置离合器;另一方面在混合式驱动装置的电动机和自动变速器之间安置了另一个离合器。当传动系仅由混合式驱动装置的电动机驱动时,按照这一现有技术通过下述措施起动混合式驱动装置的内燃机:在通过传动系的自动变速器以执行升挡的过程中,闭合安置在混合式驱动装置的内燃机和其电动机之间的离合器。根据US 2005/0 221 947 A1,混合式驱动装置的电动机用于起动混合式驱动装置的内燃机,其中内燃机的起动是在执行升挡的过程中并因此在牵引力中断的情况下予以实现的。在执行升挡过程中起动内燃机会导致舒适感丧失。
发明内容
因此,本发明的任务是提供一种新型的用于运行包含变速器和混合式驱动装置的传动系的方法。
上述任务是通过如权利要求1中所述的用于运行包含变速器和混合式驱动装置的传动系的方法加以解决的。
根据本发明,当在仅以电动驱动的情况下电动机在惯性行驶模式(Schubbetrieb)下运行并且从已确定的驾驶者期望力矩推导出合乎期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式(Zugbetrieb)的过渡时,内燃机利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换如此被起动,即,将所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器至少部分地闭合,从而该离合器传递为起动内燃机所需的力矩。
利用本发明提出的方法提出以下建议:在已断开内燃机的情况下电动机在惯性行驶模式中运行以实现电制动且因此在所谓的再生运行模式(Rekuperationsbetrieb)中运行,并且当继续在再生运行模式过程中根据驾驶者期望力矩认定一期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式的过渡时,利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换起动该内燃机。
因此,内燃机的起动是作为对驾驶者期望的反应而加以执行的,从而对驾驶者而言内燃机不是被意外地起动的,而且内燃机的起动不会令人有不舒适感。
根据本发明的一项有利的发展,内燃机利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换如此地起动,即当由电动机在传动系上所提供的力矩大约为零时,将电动机与从动端脱联,以提供牵引力中断;随后通过至少部分地闭合所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器而起动内燃机;随后,在起动内燃机之后,将电动机与从动端相耦联,以取消牵引力中断。
根据本发明的这一项有利的发展,所以内燃机的起动是在利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换情况下利用牵引力中断予以实现的。尽管有牵引力中断,但几乎不影响驾驶舒适感,因为为了起动内燃机,仅仅延长了这样的阶段,在该阶段在传动系上的力矩约为零,并且无需减小负载(Lastabbau)。在利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换的情况下内燃机的这种牵引力中断的起动可以比不利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换的内燃机的牵引力中断的起动更快速地予以实现,因为如已述及的,不需要原先的减小负载。由于在牵引力中断时内燃机的起动对于传动系的从动端没有反作用,所以内燃机起动的过程可以简单地加以调整。
附图说明
本发明的一些有利的发展见各项从属权利要求和下面的说明中所述。本发明的几个实施例(但不局限于这些实施例)将参照附图加以详细说明。附图表示:
图1可采用本发明提出的方法的汽车的第一传动系示意图;
图2可采用本发明提出的方法的汽车上的第二传动系示意图;
图3本发明提出的用于汽车的传动系的运行方法的一种优选的实施形式示意图。
具体实施方式
本发明涉及一种用于运行汽车的包含至少一个变速器和一个混合式驱动装置的传动系的方法。混合式驱动装置包含内燃机和电动机。图1和图2示范性地示出在可采用本发明提出的方法的汽车的传动系示意图。
图1表示汽车的传动系1的一个示意图,图1所示的传动系1包含一个混合式驱动装置,该混合式驱动装置由一个内燃机2和一个电动机3组成。在内燃机2和电动机3之间布置一个离合器4,当传动系1仅由电动机3驱动时,该离合器是打开的。如图1所示的传动系1除了包含混合式驱动装置之外,还包含一个变速器5,该变速器将由混合式驱动装置所提供的牵引力供应转移到传动系的从动端6、即待被驱动的车轮上。图2表示汽车的一种传动系7的另一个示意图,图2所示的传动系与图1所示的传动系的区别在于:在混合式驱动装置的电动机3和变速器5之间布置一个离合器8。
如果图1或图2所示的传动系在离合器4已打开的情况下仅由混合式驱动装置的电动机3所驱动时,则在一定的运行情况下需要起动混合式驱动装置的内燃机2。
根据本发明,内燃机2的起动是在利用传动系上的惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换的情况下予以实现的。当在断开内燃机2时传动系仅由电动机3在惯性行驶模式中电动地驱动并且从一个确定的驾驶者期望力矩出发推导出合乎期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式的过渡时,利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换如此起动内燃机2,使得被安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4至少如此程度地部分闭合,使离合器4传递为起动内燃机2所需的力矩。因此根据本发明,在断开内燃机2的情况下电动机3在惯性滑行中电制动并且因而在惯性行驶模式或所谓的再生运行模式中被操纵时,在所期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式过渡时起动内燃机2。
驾驶者期望力矩(从该力矩出发推导出一个合乎期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式的过渡)的确定特别可根据驾驶者的制动踏板运行和/或油门踏板运行来实现,并且与实际的汽车加速度无关。当在电动机3的制动性的惯性行驶模式或再生运行模式时在断开内燃机2的情况下从驾驶者期望力矩出发推导出一个期望的惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换时,才根据本发明执行内燃机2的起动。
优选在利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换的情况下如此地起动内燃机2,使得只有当由电动机3在传动系上或在从动端6上所提供的力矩大约为零时,电动机3与从动端脱联,从而提供牵引力中断。
然后在牵引力中断的情况下,通过安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4的至少部分闭合来起动内燃机2。在起动内燃机2之后,便将电动机3耦联到从动端6上,从而取消牵引力中断。
然后如图1所示,若在电动机3和变速器5之间不安置离合器,于是为了执行本发明提出的方法,则通过将变速器5切换到一个空挡,使得电动机3与从动端6脱联,借以提供牵引力中断。随后,内燃机2通过安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4的至少部分地闭合而被起动,其中在起动内燃机2之后,通过在变速器5中挂上一个挡使得电动机3被耦联到从动端上,从而取消牵引力中断。
在上述情况下,即图1所示的传动系不包含在电动机3和变速器5之间的离合器的情况下,可以在起动内燃机2之后,要么使得安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4保持闭合,要么使之打开。
当在起动内燃机2之后离合器4保持闭合时,在取消牵引力中断的情况下安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4是闭合的,然后电动机3和离合器2一起同步,并通过在变速器5中挂上一个挡而共同地耦联到从动端6上。
与上述情况相反,当在中断牵引力的情况下和在起动内燃机2之后,将安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器打开时,在取消牵引力中断的情况下将内燃机2和电动机3之间安置的离合器4打开,从而在变速器5中挂上一个挡时只有电动机3同步。只有在变速器5中挂上一个挡之后,才会在此情况下闭合安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4,因此在这种情况下电动机3和内燃机2便错开时间地耦联到从动端6上。
在图2所示的实施例中,在电动机3和变速器5之间安置一个离合器8,为了执行本发明提出的方法,只有当由电动机3在传动系或从动端6上提供的力矩大约为零的时候,才会通过打开安置在电动机3和变速器5之间的离合器8而将电动机3与从动端6相脱联,以提供牵引力中断。随后,内燃机2通过安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4的闭合而被起动,其中在内燃机2起动之后,离合器4保持闭合状态。随后,在内燃机2起动之后,电动机3与内燃机2一起通过安置在电动机3和变速器5之间的离合器8的闭合而耦联到从动端6上,以取消牵引力中断。据此,在取消牵引力中断的情况下,安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4是闭合的。因此,在此情况下电动机3和内燃机2共同经过安置在电动机3和变速器5之间的离合器8而与从动端6相耦联。
根据本发明的有利的发展,内燃机2的起动是在电动机3在再生运行模式中运行时在利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换的情况下和在提供牵引力中断的情况下予以实现的,在传动系的从动端6上形成一个传动力矩M,如图3绘出其与时间t的关系。直到时间点t1,传动系都仅仅是在断开内燃机2的情况下以电动方式由电动机3在制动的惯性行驶模式中和因此在再生运行模式中予以运行的;在时间点t1上,从所确定的驾驶者期望力矩推导出合乎期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式状态的过渡。从时间点t1开始,由电动机3在从动端6上所提供的推力力矩(Schubmoment)连续地减小;在时间点t2,由电动机3在从动端6上所提供的力矩便大致为零。一旦电动机3与从动端6脱联,则便提供牵引力中断,而后在牵引力中断的情况下内燃机2即可通过至少部分地闭合离合器4而被起动。在起动内燃机2之后,从时间点t3开始,通过电动机3与从动端6的耦联即可取消牵引力中断;在时间点t4,牵引力中断便取消了,从而在提供一种混合式驱动的情况下,内燃机2和电动机3就都与从动端6相耦联,借以在牵引模式中对之进行驱动。
因此,在从惯性行驶模式过渡到牵引模式时,内燃机2的起动是在从动端6上所提供的力矩大致为零时予以实现的;其中本发明提出的方法只有当从驾驶者期望力矩推导出一个合乎期望的惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换时,才能予以执行。因此,内燃机的起动取决于驾驶者期望力矩,而且通过驾驶者的反应来触发。
如图3中的圆K1所示,在提供牵引力中断之前电动机3是如此加以控制的,使得推力力矩M的下降梯度连续地减小,直到由电动机3在从动端6上所提供的力矩大致为零。根据圆K2,在内燃机2起动之后和在牵引力中断被取消之后,电动机3和必要时内燃机2是如此加以控制的,使得牵引力力矩升高的梯度连续地增大。这样,在起动内燃机2时便能提升舒适感。
在参照图1和2对本发明所做的上面的说明中,其出发点是:只有在断开内燃机2的情况下和在再生运行模式中运行电动机3的情况下,从驾驶者期望力矩推导出一个合乎期望的惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换时,内燃机2才能在提供牵引力中断的情况下加以起动。与之不同的另一个可能性就是,在电动机3的再生运行模式的情况下和在从驾驶者期望力矩中推导出惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换的情况下,无牵引力中断地起动内燃机2,即在电动机3持久地驱动相应的传动系的从动端6的情况下。
在这种情况下,电动机3的转速必须大于内燃机的起动转速,然后为了起动内燃机2,将被安置在内燃机2和电动机3之间的离合器4通过部分地闭合而处于打滑,借以达到起动内燃机2的目的;然后再将离合器4完全打开,而且是在内燃机2和电动机3之间达到同步转速之前。
附图标记清单
1 传动系
2 内燃机
3 电动机
4 离合器
5 变速器
6 从动端
7 传动系
8 离合器
Claims (8)
1.用于运行汽车的传动系的方法,该传动系包含:至少一个具有内燃机和电动机的混合式驱动装置;安置在混合式驱动装置和从动端之间的变速器;以及安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器,当仅仅电动机驱动时,能够通过闭合所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器来起动内燃机,其特征在于:当在仅以电动方式驱动的情况下电动机在惯性行驶模式下运行并且从已确定的驾驶者期望力矩推导出合乎期望的从惯性行驶模式到牵引模式的过渡时,利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换如此起动内燃机,即,将所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器至少部分闭合,从而该离合器传递为起动内燃机所需的力矩。
2.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换如此起动内燃机,即,当由电动机在传动系上所提供的力矩大致为零时,将电动机与从动端脱联以提供牵引力中断,随后通过至少部分闭合所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器而起动内燃机,并且接着在内燃机起动之后,将电动机与从动端相耦联以取消牵引力中断。
3.按权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:在传动系包含安置在电动机和变速器之间的离合器的情况下,当由电动机在传动系上所提供的力矩大致为零时,通过打开所述安置在电动机和变速器之间的离合器将电动机与从动端脱联以提供牵引力中断,随后通过至少部分地闭合所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器而起动内燃机,并且接着在内燃机起动之后,通过闭合所述安置在电动机和变速器之间的离合器将电动机与从动端相耦联,以取消牵引力中断,在此所述在内燃机和电动机之间安置的离合器是闭合的。
4.按权利要求2所述的方法,其特征在于:在传动系不包含安置在电动机和变速器之间的离合器的情况下,当由电动机在传动系上所提供的力矩大致为零的时候,通过将变速器切换到一个空挡将电动机与从动端相脱联,以提供牵引力中断;随后,通过至少部分地闭合所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器而起动内燃机;并且接着在起动内燃机之后,通过在变速器中挂上一个挡而将电动机与从动端相耦联,以取消牵引力中断。
5.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:在取消牵引力中断时,所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器是闭合的。
6.按权利要求4所述的方法,其特征在于:在取消牵引力中断时,所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器是打开的,为此在起动内燃机之后和在变速器中挂上一个挡之前,打开所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器,并且在变速器中挂上一个挡之后,闭合所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器。
7.按权利要求1至6中任一项所述的方法,其特征在于:在提供牵引力中断之前,如此控制电动机,使得推力力矩减小的梯度连续地减小,并且在取消牵引力中断之后,如此控制电动机和/或内燃机,使得牵引力力矩增大的梯度连续地增大。
8.按权利要求1所述的方法,其特征在于:利用惯性行驶模式/牵引模式转换如此起动内燃机,即,使得当电动机持久地或没有牵引力中断地驱动从动端并且电动机的转速大于内燃机的起动转速时,为了起动内燃机而将所述安置在内燃机和电动机之间的离合器如此受控制地加以闭合和打开,使得该离合器通过部分闭合而处于打滑,以起动内燃机,并且接着在内燃机和电动机之间达到同步转速之前将该离合器再完全打开。
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US20100197451A1 (en) | 2010-08-05 |
JP2010538909A (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
ATE512851T1 (de) | 2011-07-15 |
WO2009037238A3 (de) | 2009-07-23 |
WO2009037238A2 (de) | 2009-03-26 |
JP2010538910A (ja) | 2010-12-16 |
US8328681B2 (en) | 2012-12-11 |
EP2193059B1 (de) | 2011-06-15 |
EP2193059A2 (de) | 2010-06-09 |
DE102007045367A1 (de) | 2009-04-02 |
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