CN101746261A - 飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置 - Google Patents

飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN101746261A
CN101746261A CN200910252408A CN200910252408A CN101746261A CN 101746261 A CN101746261 A CN 101746261A CN 200910252408 A CN200910252408 A CN 200910252408A CN 200910252408 A CN200910252408 A CN 200910252408A CN 101746261 A CN101746261 A CN 101746261A
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flywheel
power
energy
transfer clutch
conversion device
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CN200910252408A
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CN101746261B (zh
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蒂莫西·詹姆斯·鲍曼
多纳图斯·安德里亚斯·约瑟芬·吉斯
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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Ford Global Technologies LLC
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/10—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel
    • B60K6/105—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable mechanical accumulator, e.g. flywheel the accumulator being a flywheel
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/02—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of driveline clutches
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W20/00—Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles
    • B60W20/10—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand
    • B60W20/13—Controlling the power contribution of each of the prime movers to meet required power demand in order to stay within battery power input or output limits; in order to prevent overcharging or battery depletion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
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    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/38—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the driveline clutches
    • B60K6/387—Actuated clutches, i.e. clutches engaged or disengaged by electric, hydraulic or mechanical actuating means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/42—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by the architecture of the hybrid electric vehicle
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Hybrid Electric Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置。在用于混合动力汽车(1)的能量储存和回收系统中，在车辆驱动系统(8)和飞轮(9)之间传递驱动力的无级变速器(CVT)(10)的运行传动比通过使用与飞轮轴(12)连接的集成起动发电机(ISG)(13)得以有效地扩展。当传动轴(8)和飞轮轴(12)之间的转速高度不匹配时，在离合器(11)将两轴连接之前，ISG(13)使飞轮(9)加速或者减速，直至其速度处于CVT(10)最适宜的运行范围内。本方法降低了离合器(11)的磨损。

Description

飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置，适于用作例如可以装到混合动力汽车中的能量储存和回收系统的一部分。
背景技术
在基于高速飞轮的能量储存和回收系统中，飞轮通过无级变速器(C.V.T.)与车辆的传动装置连接，操纵无级变速器的传动比实现对能量的储存和回收的控制。实例可参见美国汽车工程师学会(SAE)2008年4月14-17日的技术文献2008-01-0083。
当传动比被设置用于使飞轮加速时，能量被储存，而当传动比被设置用于使飞轮减速时，能量被回收。
飞轮混合动力汽车的主要优点是可以在飞轮和车轮间传递的动力的量。公路用车在制动过程中会有很大的动力转化，混合系统效率的关键是尽可能多地捕获这种通常浪费掉的能量。这可以通过使飞轮转速和车辆的速度仔细匹配来实现。高速飞轮的转速大约在0至60000RPM之间变化，而车辆的速度从0变化到160kph以上。在实际运行情况下有两种极端。第一种是当飞轮的速度为零，而车辆的速度为最大时。第二种是当飞轮的速度为最大，而车辆的速度为零时。为了适应两种极端条件，理论上需要一种无限变速式无级变速器，或者可选择地，需要一种无级变速器(CVT)，其连同至少一个离合器使用。第二选择可能更实际，因为无级变速器(CVT)是一种公知的、可批量生产的变速器。遗憾的是，无级变速器(CVT)具有有限的传动比范围，典型地为六个。该传动比范围是不足以覆盖飞轮和车辆速度的全部运行范围，即便适当地选择临时性传动比齿轮组。因此，临时性的齿轮组通常为既定目标优化，例如在既定的行驶循环中将节省燃油消耗最大化。然而，在其他运行条件下可能折中节省燃油消耗，尤其在那些既定行驶循环界线之外的情况。
像申请人的正在审查的GB0816109.3号德国专利申请所述，可以在变速器内飞轮和车轮之间装配可选择的多个齿轮组。包含一个或多个额外的可选择的齿轮组有利于拓宽能量储存和回收系统的操作窗。然而，即使有这些额外的多个齿轮组，也不可能在极端运行条件下，在飞轮和车轮之间传递动力。这限制了节省燃油消耗的潜在空间。因为CVT传动系统不可能始终匹配车辆和飞轮的速度，介于CVT和飞轮之间的离合器通常用于动态桥接速度差。
当飞轮处于最大速度，并且车辆接近于静止的条件下，大量的能量(大约400KJ)需要通过离合器消耗。在另一极端条件下，当飞轮处于在零速度而车速接近最大时，相当可观但是相对较少的能量(大约100KJ)需要通过离合器消耗，以桥接速度差。这些条件表明了能量的浪费，并且会导致离合器本身的过早磨损。
发明内容
本发明旨在缓解上述问题。
根据本发明，提供一种用于混合动力汽车的飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置，包含，
可旋转的飞轮，
能量转换装置，该装置可操作地与飞轮连接，并能使飞轮加速和减速，
无级变速器，该无级变速器具有运行传动比范围并可与混合动力汽车的动力传动系统连接，
离合器，该离合器用于使无级变速器与飞轮连接以及相脱离，
电子控制模块，该电子控制模块用于为所述能量转换装置产生控制信号，
其中，能量转换装置响应所述控制信号或者使飞轮加速，或者使飞轮减速，以使飞轮的转速处在无级变速器的运行范围内。
能量转换装置用于桥接车辆和飞轮驱动轴之间的速度差，这本来是通过离合器打滑来完成的。在特定的车辆运行条件下使用能量转换器控制飞轮速度，允许基于飞轮的能量储存和回收系统以更有效的方式运行。本发明扩展了以高速飞轮为基础的能量储存和回收系统的操作窗。
特别地，如前文所述，在运行范围的极端，(车辆传动系统和飞轮的速度之间有很大的差别)，飞轮的速度可以被调整，以与车辆动力传动系统的转速更加接近地匹配。这可以在离合器关闭前完成，因此允许通过CVT在车辆传动系统和飞轮之间传递扭矩。由于传动系统和传动轴之间的转速差被大大缩小，离合器能在滑差最小时关闭，使得该组件磨损更少。
本发明还可以包括与能量转换装置连接的能量储存装置。
离合器可以是电动液压离合器，并且由电子控制模块控制。
能量转换装置可以是能够利用电能使飞轮转动并且也能利用飞轮的转动动能发电的电机。这样的电机通常被称为“集成起动发电机(integratedstarter-generator，简称ISG)”或者“起动发电一体机(combinedstarter-alternator)”或者“发电起动一体机(combined alternator-starter)”。普遍使用的ISG有两种，每一种都能应用在本发明中。在一种构造中，ISG和飞轮连接在同一驱动轴上，在另一可选构造中，ISG通过皮带和皮带轮装置连接在飞轮的驱动轴上。作为选择，可以将ISG与飞轮总成整合在一起，或者将ISG整合在飞轮总成中。当运行状态处在“启动机”模式下时，ISG可以方便地从车辆的电池组中摄取电能。这在ISG收到(电子控制模块的)指示时进行，以使飞轮加速。当其被指示使飞轮减速时，ISG在“发电机”模式下运行，并且可以方便地输出为电池组生成的电流，用于储存电荷，以便随后用于加速飞轮，和/或为车辆辅助电器设备供电。因此，不是把能量(作为摩擦热)浪费在离合器中，以使飞轮减速，而是ISG允许将已从转动的飞轮中去除的能量储存起来。
在一个可选的实施例中，能量转换装置是具有泵和马达双重功能的液压机。从减速的飞轮中通过液压机的泵作用去除的能量可以被储存在液压储能器中。该储存的能量可以在以后释放，以便为液压机的马达功能提供动力，由此使飞轮加速。
附图说明
现参考附图仅以实例的方式说明本发明的一些实施例。
图1是具有根据本发明第一实施例的飞轮动力传动系统的车辆的示意方框图。
具体实施方式
参考附图，车辆1装配有内燃机2，该内燃机通过变速箱和主减速器总成4单独为第一组车轮3提供动力。第二组车轮5通过半轴6与主减速器及差速单元7连接到传动轴8上。传动轴能驱动飞轮9以及被飞轮9驱动。介于传动轴8和飞轮9之间的是无级变速器单元(CVT)10，其具有可持续改变的传动比。电动液压离合器11用于在一定的运行条件下使CVT10(并随后与车轮5)与飞轮9耦合以及分离。由传动轴8驱动的油泵(图中未示出)为CVT10提供增压的供油。飞轮9安装在连接有集成起动发电机(ISG)13的驱动轴12上。
电子控制模块(ECM)14接收来自加速踏板位置传感器15、制动踏板位置传感器16、传动轴速度传感器17和与飞轮关联的速度传感器18的输入。电子控制模块14的输出连接至CVT10、离合器11和ISG13。电池组19与ISG13电连接。
CVT10可以是常规的设计，其传动比可以通过对控制油流的电磁阀(图中未示出)的操作以公知的方式进行变化。阀门的激活受ECM14的控制。CVT10可以便利地采用传动钢带变速器类型，并且具有典型的6速传动比范围。
现将所述实施例的一些示例性运行模式说明如下。
在第一种模式中，轻压加速踏板，离合器11保持打开，车辆以稳定的、相对较慢的速度行驶，没有驱动力从第二组车轮5传递至驱动轴12，所以飞轮9保持静止。但是传动轴8驱动的泵为CVT10提供油压。在该阶段中，ISG13不从电池组19摄取电流，也不向电池组19提供电流。当驾驶员释放加速踏板或者压下制动踏板(以使车辆1减速)时，该操作被传感器15、16检测到，并转发给电子控制模块14。在第一种模式中，传动轴8与飞轮驱动轴12之间的速度差处于CVT10的传动比范围之内。这被持续监视传动轴和飞轮速度传感器17、18输出的ECM14获知。ECM14计算出使飞轮加速所需的CVT传动比，并产生控制信号以便液压控制CVT10，使得传动比被设置为该计算值。它还输出引发离合器11关闭的第二控制信号。因此能量从第二组车轮5传递至飞轮9。能量传递至飞轮的行为使得车辆减速。举例来说，当驾驶员不再希望减速并把脚抬离制动踏板时，ECM14检测到该操作并作出响应，其打开离合器11，飞轮9持续自由旋转。此能量被储存在飞轮中，以备后用。例如，电子控制模块14可以向ISG13发送信号，使得后者充当发电机，并且将飞轮的旋转能量转化为电流供给电池组19储存。可选择地，当电子控制单元14(通过加速踏板位置传感器15)检测到加速需求及传动轴8和驱动轴12之间的速度差处于CVT10的范围内时，它将CVT10传动比重新设定为一个新的(计算的)值，并且关闭离合器11以使来自飞轮9的能量当时就用于驱动第二组车轮5，从而辅助发动机2驱动车辆。
在第二种运行模式中，在第一极端运行条件下，飞轮速度为零，车辆处于高速，比如说150kph。(离合器11最初为打开状态)。因此，传动轴8的速度和飞轮驱动轴12的速度(值为零)之间存在巨大的差距。该模式处于CVT10的运行传动比范围之外。借助于速度传感器17和18的输出，ECM14感知到存在该巨大的速度差。作为回应，ECM14计算出飞轮9需要被加速至的转速，以将速度差缩小到CVT10的运行范围内。其还计算并设置适合的CVT传动比以允许能量从传动轴8向飞轮9传递。随后，ECM14向ISG13发送信号，该信号使后者进入“起动机”模式，其借此从电池组19中获得电流以驱动飞轮驱动轴12。当飞轮9(及其驱动轴12)达到计算出的转速后(由传感器18监视)，ECM14则指示ISG13停止获取电流。以该方式使飞轮加速会消耗一定的能量。但是，该能量消耗可以被视为一种高回报投资，因为此处大量的能从(高车速)车辆的任意减速中获得的能量可以被捕获，此时飞轮在CVT10的运行范围内运转。因而，当ECM14随后检测到减速需求时，它会关闭离合器11，以使能量能从传动轴8传递至飞轮9。
在第三种运行模式中，在第二极端运行条件下，飞轮处于其最大速度，而车辆接近静止，比如说10kph。(离合器11最初为打开状态)。因此，传动轴8的速度和飞轮驱动轴12的速度之间存在巨大的差距。该模式也处于CVT10的运行传动比范围之外。借助于速度传感器17和18的输出，ECM14感知到存在该巨大的速度差。作为回应，ECM14计算出飞轮9需要被减速至的转速，以将速度差缩小到CVT10的运行范围内。其还计算适合的CVT传动比以允许能量从飞轮9向传动轴8传递。随后，ECM14向ISG13发送信号，该信号使后者进入“发电机”模式，其借此向电池组19输入电流。因此，能量从飞轮9中排出并且飞轮9开始减慢速度。当飞轮9(及其驱动轴12)达到计算出的转速后(由传感器18监视)，ECM14则指示ISG13停止输入电流。ISG13的该行为回收了大量的能量并且同时使飞轮9进入CVT10的运行范围内。ECM14这时就可以在检测到车辆加速的需求时关闭离合器11。随后，能量从飞轮9传递至传动轴8用以补充发动机功率驱动车辆。
在一个可选实施例中，ISG13被集成的液压泵电机单元形式的液压机代替，并且电池组19被液压储能器和副储集器代替。液压机与飞轮驱动轴12耦合。这样的液压机是电集成起动发电机的液压等同物，其能够从飞轮中提取能量，而且能够向飞轮补充能量。储能器起储存和释放能量的作用。液压机受ECM14的控制。当能量从飞轮9中转移出(以使其减速)时，由驱动轴12驱动的液压机受ECM14的指示，将液压机液体从储集器泵入储能器。当能量补充给飞轮9时(以使其加速)，液压机受ECM14指示，像发动机的作用一样，利用储能器中储存的液压能量带动驱动轴12，以使飞轮加速。如果需要，液压机的泵作用能用于产生使CVT10运转的高油压。
在改进的实施例中，车辆1配备有定速巡航系统20，该系统具有连接于ECM14的输出端。该输出端用于通过车载定速巡航控制开关(图中未示出)而不是通过操作加速或制动踏板通知ECM14：驾驶员已作出车辆加速或减速的要求。
在另一个实施例中，通过在差速器7和CVT10之间设置齿轮组使CVT10的传动比能够被进一步扩展。该齿轮组能允许选择数个固定传动比中的一个，该选择受ECM14控制。比如，对于6速传动比范围的CVT，适当的可选择的传动比是1∶1、90％的6以及90％的36。这允许各齿轮选择间有10％的叠加，以使性能最优化。
在进一步的实施例中，为了进一步协助匹配飞轮和传动轴的速度，可以在CVT10和飞轮9之间设置周转减速齿轮。
在另一个实施例中，差速器7和CVT10之间设置有额外的电动液压离合器。该额外的离合器也受ECM14的控制。当飞轮9和车轮5之间不需要能量转移时，它允许CVT10与车轮5脱离。如果传动轴8不驱动CVT10，则摩擦损耗被降至最低。
虽然附图所示的具体实施例中展示了具有一组由内燃机驱动的车轮和另一组能与飞轮耦合的车轮的车辆，但是其他的构造也能从本发明中获益。例如，本发明可以用于发动机和飞轮驱动同一轴的车辆。进一步地，本发明能用于原动机是电动机的混合动力汽车。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于混合动力汽车(1)的飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置，其特征在于，包含
可旋转的飞轮(9)，
能量转换装置(13)，该装置可操作地与飞轮(9)连接，并且能够使飞轮加速和减速，
无级变速器(10)，该无级变速器具有运行传动比范围并且连接于混合动力汽车的动力传动系统(8)，
离合器(11)，该离合器用于使无级变速器(10)和飞轮(9)连接和相互脱离，
电子控制模块(14)，该电子控制模块用于为所述能量转换装置(13)产生控制信号，
其中，能量转换装置(13)响应所述控制信号或者使飞轮(9)加速或者使飞轮(9)减速，以使飞轮的转速处在无极变速器(10)的运行范围内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置，其特征在于，进一步包括与能量转换装置(13)连接的能量储存装置(19)。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置，其特征在于，能量转换装置(13)为电动起动发电机。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置，其特征在于，能量转换装置(13)为液压泵电机。
5.根据上述权利要求中任一权利要求所述的飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置，其特征在于，离合器(11)为电动液压离合器。
6.一种混合动力汽车(1)，其特征在于，该汽车包含有上述任一权利要求所述的飞轮动力传动系统和控制装置。
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